Part A
Q 1What is the difference between windows server 2003 and Red hat Linux.
Ans:
1) Windows Server 2003 has a well-designed graphical user interface (GUI).
The entire operating system is built with the GUI as part of the 'selling
point' of the operating system.
2) Windows Server 2003, as with all version thus far, has maintained ability
also to run a command shell, thus affording command-line access to most
of the typical GUI-driven o/s features. Start, Run, CMD will take you to the
command-line interface; from there, it is the typical DOS command
structure: "dir" to obtain a directory listing, “copy” to copy files, and so
forth. From both the GUI and the command-line, administrators may
develop scripts to automate tasks.
3) Windows has the built-in Task Scheduler which allows administrators to
schedule jobs to run at specifies times or intervals.
4) Security is very granular, with both User-based (using Active Directory
administrative GUI interfaces) and file-based security.
5) User-based security - users can be associated with security 'groups,' by
which an administrator may grant (add the user to the group) or deny
(remove the user from the group) permissions.
6) Users may be restricted by level of authority - i.e., "Power Users,"
"Operators," "Domain Administrators," or standard, non-privileged users
("Domain Users") - or by specific groups of which they are members.
7) File-based security (including folder-based security) can be set on a peruser or per-group basis.
8) Windows also is feature-rich regarding software built for the o/s. Microsoft
Exchange is the primary offering for email - an enterprise-level email
software package with full message auditing and tracking as needed.
9) Microsoft's IIS web server is the defacto built-in Web server software. It is
mature, feature rich and easy to manage.
10)
A subset of IIS (or standalone if desired) is Microsoft FTP server. It is a
more or less standard FTP server, easy to setup and maintain.
11)
Windows also has the ability to run UNIX services for Windows,
which effectively allows (among other things) mapping of NFS shares from
the Windows side to the Linux side.
12)
Windows Server 2003 does not have a native telnet server built-in.
The typical method to attain console access to a Windows server is to use
the Windows-based Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP) GUI.
Red Had Enterprise Linux Benefits and Features
Linux is basically free. Red Hat is a commercial version of Linux and the company
makes money on annual o/s support subscriptions. Each server has a per-year
cost. Premium support (i.e. 24x7) is an added cost.
Linux administrators abound now - with Linux being one of the primary o/s
technologies now taught in most IT education programs. Therefore, there is no
shortage of talent for maintaining Red Hat Linux Enterprise servers.
Linux is basically an incarantion of UNIX and, as such, has been in use, in some
form or fashion, for as long, or longer, than Windows.
Red Hat Enterprise Linux is comparable in features to Windows Server 2003,
containing the always tried and true "cron" (a.k.a. 'crontab') job scheduling
feature.
Linux was built more strongly on the command-line interface ability vs. the GUI
layer and thus has a very solid contingent of command-line capabilities.
Korn Shell and Bourne Shell are two of the more popular command line shells.
NFS (Network File System) server ability allows mounting folders from the Linux
side, to be shared as file shares with other operating systems, such as Windows
Server 2003. NFS client ability allows remotely accessing shares that are mounted
out from other operating systems for access on the Linux side.
Perl and PHP are the scripting methods of choice. A plethora of resources on the
Internet provide a wealth of scripting samples and libraries; thus the
administrator has an arsenal of tools at his disposal to accomplish typical system
and network administration tasks.
Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server offers the standard Unix-based user and group
provisioning capabilities, along with user- and group-based file security. File and
folder security can be set on a per-user or per-group basis.
For Red Hat Enterprise Linux servers, postfix and sendmail are the two enterprise
email offerings, with sendmail being the long-standing defacto standard.
Third-party tools such as Vintella allow Linux to utilize Active Directory as the
basis for authenticating to the network and to the Linux server; thus the setting
and changing of user passwords can be accomplished in the Active Directory
realm, alleviating yet another administrative burden from the Linux administrator.
Q2) How can we say that NTFS file system is more secure and reliable than FAT
file system. What is the default file system on open Source NOS?
Ans:
Microsoft’s new technology file system is believed to be giving more security to
the computer files than the FAT32 file system. The NTFS is found to have
developed supporting features for metadata. It is known to have data structures
to enhance the performance, security access control lists, using the disk space,
and reliability. NTFS is also called journaling file system which is a critical function
of a file system. The NTFS will not allow the unauthorized users to operate and
make any changes. It also prevents them from reading any data from the
computer. NTFS can transform the file information effectively and automatically
into unreadable form. This encrypted file will be safely stored.
NTFS is known to
be away from corruption. It has the option to implement various security and
administrative features in the operating system. It is found to support domain
names of active directory. The read and write permissions can be allotted at the
level of files than folders. In this file system each individual user is allotted with
separate disk space. This file system is found to be made to log the activity of file
and is capable to manage recovering from crashes. NTFS is observed to allow the
usage of Unicode character sets and helps in extending the file name till the
length of 255 characters
NTFS form is found to be
more advanced form of file system compared to FAT32. NTFS is designed to
arrange more files per directory. NTFS allows transaction roll back which can
allow you to undo the operations that were not performed. NTFS will fix
automatically the file clusters that have failed. This file system does not need file
system checking feature and does not need operating system maintenance. The
file cluster size partitioned, will be smaller than in FAT32.
Hence, NTFS can be used to recover the data easily, to manually check the file
system structure and to clean and scan the malware, when more data has to be
stored and hidden; when the application needs the larger size files
Q 3) Compare the four flavours of Windows Server 2003.
Ans:
Windows server 2003 editions
 Standard edition
 Enterprise edition
 Datacenter edition
 Web edition
Standard edition:
 Windows Server 2003 Standard Edition is designed with the day-to-day
needs of the average enterprise in mind and is the progressive replacement
for the Windows NT4 Server/Windows 2000 Server line of server operating
systems.
 it is suitable for small organizations
Enterprise edition:
 Windows Server 2003 Enterprise Edition is designed specifically for the
needs of larger customers, as their needs surpass the functional levels of
Windows Server 2003 Standard Edition. Windows Server 2003 Enterprise
Edition is the progressive replacement for the Windows NT4 Server
Enterprise Edition/Windows 2000 Advanced Server line of server operating
systems.
It is useful to meet all the needs of business of all sizes
Datacenter edition:
Windows Server 2003 Datacenter Edition is designed specifically for high-end
hardware deployments for use on business-critical and mission-critical
applications where the highest levels of scalability and availability are required.
Windows Server 2003 Datacenter Edition is the progressive replacement for the
Windows 2000 Datacenter Server line of operating systems
Part B
Q4) Write a short note Windows NT and Sun Solaris and what are the system
requirements.
Ans:
Window NT:
Windows NT is a family of operating systems produced by Microsoft, the first
version of which was released in July 1993. It was a powerful high-level-languagebased, processor-independent, multiprocessing, multiuser operating system with
features comparable to Unix. It was intended to complement consumer versions
of Windows that were based on MS-DOS. NT was the first fully 32-bit version of
Windows, whereas its consumer-oriented counterparts, Windows 3.1x and
Windows 9x, were 16-bit/32-bit hybrids. Windows 2000, Windows XP, Windows
Server 2003, Windows Vista, Windows Home Server, Windows Server 2008, and
Windows 7 are based on Windows NT, although they are not branded as
Windows NT.
Hardware requirements
The minimum hardware specification required to run each release of the
professional workstation version of Windows NT has been fairly slow-moving until
the 6.0 Vista release, which requires a minimum of 15 GB of free disk space, a 10fold increase in free disk space alone over the previous version.
Windows NT desktop (x86) minimum hardware requirements
Free disk
NT version
CPU
RAM
space
NT 3.1
12 MB
NT 3.1 Advanced
386, 25 MHz
90 MB
16 MB
Server
NT 3.5 Workstation 386, 25 MHz
NT 3.5 Server
NT 3.51 Workstation 386, 25 MHz
NT 3.51 Server
NT 4.0 Workstation 486, 25 MHz
NT 4.0 Server
2000 Professional
2000 Server
Pentium, 133 MHz
12 MB
16 MB
90 MB
12 MB
16 MB
90 MB
12 MB
16 MB
124 MB
32 MB
128 MB
650 MB
Solaris is a Unix operating system originally developed by Sun Microsystems. It
superseded their earlier SunOS in 1992. Oracle Solaris, as it is now known, has
been owned by Oracle Corporation since Oracle's acquisition of Sun in January
2010.[2]
Solaris is known for its scalability, especially on SPARC systems, and for originating
many innovative features such as DTrace, ZFS and Time Slider.[3][4] Solaris supports
SPARC-based and x86-based workstations and servers from Sun and other
vendors, with efforts underway to port to additional platforms. Solaris is
registered as compliant with the Single Unix Specification.
Q5) How active directory is installed, list two different ways and document the
whole procedure.
Ans:
Procedure
To install Active Directory on Windows Server 2003
1. Click Start, click Run, type dcpromo, and then click OK.
2. On the first page of the Active Directory Installation Wizard, click Next.
3. On the next page of the Active Directory Installation Wizard, click Next.
4. On the Domain Controller Type page, click Domain Controller for a new
domain, and then click Next.
5. On the Create New Domain page, click Domain in a new forest, and then
click Next.
6. On the New Domain Name page, in the Full DNS name for new domain box,
type corp.contoso.com, and then click Next.
7. On the Database and Log Folders page, accept the defaults in the Database
folder box and the Log folder box, and then click Next.
8. On the Shared System Volume page, accept the default in the Folder
location box, and then click Next.
9. On the DNS Registration Diagnostics page, click Install and configure the
DNS server on this computer and set this computer to use this DNS server
as its preferred DNS Server, and then click Next.
10.On the Permissions page, click Permissions compatible only with
Windows 2000 or Windows Server 2003 operating systems, and then click
Next.
11.On the Directory Services Restore Mode Administrator Password page,
enter a password in the Restore Mode Password box, retype the password
to confirm it in the Confirm password box, and then click Next.
12.On the Summary page, confirm the information is correct, and then click
Next.
13.When prompted to restart the computer, click Restart now.
14.After the computer restarts, log on to CONT-CA01 as a member of the
Administrators group
To install AD DS on a member server by using the Windows interface
1. Click Start, and then click Server Manager.
2. In Roles Summary, click Add Roles.
3. If necessary, review the information on the Before You Begin page, and
then click Next.
4. On the Select Server Roles page, select the Active Directory Domain
Services check box, and then click Next.
5. If necessary, review the information on the Active Directory Domain
Services page, and then click Next.
6. On the Confirm Installation Selections page, click Install.
7. On the Installation Results page, click Close this wizard and launch the
Active Directory Domain Services Installation Wizard (dcpromo.exe).
8. On the Welcome to the Active Directory Domain Services Installation
Wizard page, click Next.
If you want to install from media, identify the source domain controller for
AD DS replication, or specify the Password Replication Policy (PRP) for an
RODC as part of the installation of the additional domain controller, click
Use advanced mode installation.
9. On the Operating System Compatibility page, review the warning about the
default security settings for Windows Server 2008 domain controllers, and
then click Next.
10.On the Choose a Deployment Configuration page, click Existing forest, click
Add a domain controller to an existing domain, and then click Next.
11.On the Network Credentials page, type the name of any existing domain in
the forest where you plan to install the additional domain controller. Under
Specify the account credentials to use to perform the installation, click My
current logged on credentials or click Alternate credentials, and then click
Set. In the Windows Security dialog box, provide the user name and
password for an account that can install the additional domain controller.
To install an additional domain controller, you must be a member of the
Enterprise Admins group or the Domain Admins group. When you are
finished providing credentials, click Next.
12.On the Select a Domain page, select the domain of the new domain
controller, and then click Next.
13.On the Select a Site page, select a site from the list or select the option to
install the domain controller in the site that corresponds to its IP address,
and then click Next.
14.On the Additional Domain Controller Options page, make the following
selections, and then click Next:
6) How many partitions we require to install WIN Server 2003.Which type of
partition we require while installing Windows Server 2003 and why?
Ans:
Only one partition required to install window server 2003.
Windows Server 2003 supports the NTFS file system in addition to the file
allocation table (FAT) and FAT32 file systems. Windows Server 2003, Windows XP
Professional, Windows 2000, and Windows NT are the only Microsoft operating
systems that you can use to gain access to data on a local hard disk that is
formatted with NTFS. If you plan to gain access to files that are on a local
Windows Server 2003 partition with the Microsoft Windows 95 or Windows 98
operating systems, you should format the partition with a FAT or FAT32 file
system. We will use NTFS