Name ___________________________ Block _____ Teacher ____________________ Active Chem. Chapter 1 Fun with the Periodic Table CHEM TALK (7) ACTIVITY 7 Connection between an atomic structure of an element and its location in the Periodic Table Periodic Table Data Atomic Structure Data Atomic Number Period Number Group Number Fill out the chart Element Tin El Sn Number of Energy Levels Number of Protons Number of Electrons Number of Valence Electrons Will lose or gain electrons/ how many Ion Symbol Lose / 4 Sn+4 Francium Selenium Iodine Boron Radon Strontium The number of an electron energy level is significant, because the higher the number, the greater the average distance between the nucleus and the electron. The electrons in the energy levels with the highest number are on average the farthest from the nucleus. Because differences in electrons located in the outermost level distinguish an atom from its nearest noble gas, these are the electrons responsible for the atom’s chemical behavior. These electrons are often called valence electrons. Valence electrons are those electrons found in the outermost energy in level s and p sublevels. The maximum number of valence electrons that you can have is 8 for the representative, A-Group elements (2 in the s and 6 in p sublevel). For example, sodium contains one valence electron since its outermost level is 3 and sublevel is s. It does not have any electrons in the p sublevel. Bromine would have seven valence electrons, since its outermost energy level is 4 and it contains 2 electrons in s sublevel and 5 electrons in p sublevel. Based on your activity answer the following questions: a) How many valence electrons are in an atom of helium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon, and radon? ____ This family is known as___________________________________ b) How many valence electrons are in an atom of lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, and cesium? ____ This family of elements is known as ___________________________________ c) How many valence electrons are in an atom of beryllium, magnesium, strontium, calcium, barium? ____ This family of elements is known as ___________________________________ d) How many valence electrons are in an atom of boron, aluminum? ____ e) How many valence electrons are in an atom of carbon, silicon? ____ f) How many valence electrons are in atom nitrogen, phosphorous? ____ g) How many valence electrons are in an atom of oxygen, sulfur? ____ h) How many valence electrons are in an atom fluorine, chlorine, bromine, Iodine, astatine? ____ This family of elements is known as __________________________________ i) What are the elements in B-groups known as? ___________________________________ j) What is the special feature of these elements? How are they different from the A-group elements?