Exercise and Sport Physiology (Option B3)
Answer all parts of the question.
Question 5
(a) Describe the ATP/PC (alactic) energy system and give one reason why this system is used during
high intensity physical activity such as sprinting.
[5]
(b) Aerobic capacity or VO2 max is an important fitness component.
Define VO2 max and identify a common method used to evaluate it.
[2]
(c) A weight training programme can develop maximum strength.
Outline the main features of a weight training programme designed to develop maximum strength.
[4]
(d) Describe two types of stretching that could be used to develop flexibility.
[4]
Mark Scheme
(a) Describe the ATP/PC (alactic) energy system and give one reason why this system is used during
high intensity physical activity such as sprinting.
[5]
Description of system
1 mark per point max 4:
• An anaerobic reaction;
• takes place in the sarcoplasm;
• Breakdown of phosphocreatine (high energy phosphate compound);
• Exothermic reaction/energy released;
• Energy used to resynthesize approximately one ADP to ATP (endothermic reaction);
• controlling enzyme, creatine kinase;
• Speed of reaction.
1 mark per point max 1:
• Short metabolic pathway/small compound;
• PC readily available in the cell;
• Reaction does not require oxygen.
(b) Aerobic capacity or VO2 max is an important fitness component.
(i) Define VO2 max and identify a common method used to evaluate it.
[2]
• the maximum volume of oxygen that can be (taken in/transported and) utilised/consumed by the body in
one minute/per unit of time
• multistage fitness test/Harvard step test/Queen’s College step test/Cooper 12 minute run/PWC170 test/direct
gas analysis test in sports science lab.
(c) A weight training programme can develop maximum strength.
Outline the main features of a weight training programme designed to develop maximum strength.
[4]
General outline/ programme
1 form of intermittent/interval/circuit/pyramid training
2 can be altered (depending on level of fitness)/its flexibility
3 training principles apply/overload/progression/ specificity/warm up/cool down/medical check/pre-test
4 heavy weights/low reps/long rest between sets
Specific values/ session
5 (frequency) 3-7 times a week
6 (intensity) at 85% or more of 1RM
7 (time 1) 2-5 sets
8 (time 2) 2-6 reps
9 (time 3) with 3-5 minute rest between sets
(allow any number within range)
(d) Describe two types of stretching that could be used to develop flexibility.
[4]
4 marks in total
2 marks max for each type of stretching only two types to be given credit
(static stretching) .
1 static stretching
2 (an active stretch) involves a performer taking joint to a positionbeyond its point of resistance
3 (a passive stretch) uses a partner to move the joint to a positionbeyond its point of resistance
4 position is held for 6+ seconds
(ballistic / dynamic stretching)
5 ballistic / dynamic stretching
6 momentum is used to take a joint through its full range ofmovement
7 involves swinging / circling / bouncing
(PNF / proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation)
8 PNF / proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation
9 Partner/performer takes joint to a position just beyond its pointof resistance
10 performs an isometric contraction (for 6-10 seconds)
11 muscle is relaxed and stretched again