Chapter 7 Muscle Anatomy Review Sheet
1. List the four types of skeletal muscles based on the pattern of fascicle arrangement. Explain how the
fascicles are arranged and give an example of each type.
2. What is the primary functional difference between an origin and an insertion?
3. Define agonist, antagonist, and synergist. Give an example of each.
4. If the Achilles tendon were damaged or cut, which muscles would be directly affected?
5. Name the Hamstring muscles and the action performed by the group.
6. Name the muscle that is the deepest (innermost) muscle of abdominal wall; fibers run horizontally
(transverse) whose only action is to compress abdominal contents.
7. Name the muscle that is broad, flat, and triangular of the mid to lower back. It is a prime mover of arm
extension, adduction and medial rotation.
8. Name the muscle that is the largest and most superficial of the abdominal muscles whose fibers run
downward and medially and its action is to compress the abdomen and flex the spine.
9. Study the chart on page 207. Be prepared to describe the function of a muscle based on the name.
Example: What would you name a muscle that ran straight along the thigh?
Describe the action of the Levator scapulae?
What is the action of the extensor carpi ulnaris, and where is it found?
Looking at the muscle names on the right, identify the criteria on the left that pertain to each muscle.
Write the correct letter on the lines. Each letter can be used more than once and each muscle may have
more than one letter.
10. Gluteus maximus
11. Adductor magnus
12. Biceps femoris
13. Rectus femoris
14. Transversus abdominis
15. Extensor carpi ulnaris
16. Trapezius
17. External oblique
a. Action of the muscle
b. Shape/size of the muscle
c. Location of the muscle’s origin and/or
insertion
d. Number of origins
e. Location of muscle relative to the bone
f. Direction in which the muscle fibers run
relative to some imaginary line
Know your muscles. Be prepared to label a person, identify the action of each muscle. List the muscle
that matches the following description:
18. Origin= mandible Insertion= orbibularis oculi Action= compresses the cheek _______________
19. Origin= zygomatic bone Insertion= mouth Action= elevating corner of mouth ______________
20. Origin= occipital bone Insertion= scapula Action= elevate, depress scapula __________________
21. Origin= scapula Insertion= radius Action= flexion at elbow _______________________
22. Origin= illium and sacrum Insertion= iliotibial tract of femur Action= hip extention ___________
23. Origin= femur Insertion= fibula & tibia Action= flexion of knee _____________________
24. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate muscle:
a. _______________ Muscle that allows you to shrug your shoulders or extend your head
b. _______________ Muscle that adducts shoulder and causes extension of the shoulder joint
c. _______________ Shoulder muscle that is the antagonist of the muscle just described.
d. _______________ A major spine flexor; the name means “straight muscle of the abdomen”
e. _______________ Prime mover for shoulder flexion and adduction
f. ________________ Prime mover for shoulder abduction
g. _______________ Part of the abdominal girdle; forms the external lateral walls of the abdomen.
h. _______________ Used to extend the hip when climbing stairs; forms buttock
I. ________________ “Toe dancer’s” Muscle
J. ________________ inverts and dorsiflexes the foot
K. ________________ Muscle group that extends the knee
L. _______________ Muscle group that extends the thigh and flexes the knee
M. ________________ Muscle that allows you to bend (flex) the elbow
N. _______________ Muscle that extends the elbow
O. ________________ Synergist of elbow flexion
P. ________________ Used in smiling
Q. _________________ Used to suck in your cheeks
R. _________________ Used in winking
S. _________________ Used to form the horizontal frown crease on the forehead or to raise your
eyebrows
T. ________________ The “kissing” muscle
U. ________________ Prime mover of jaw closure
V. ________________ Synergist muscle for jaw closure
Note: Use your cat dissection packet, coloring pages, and the websites to review for the test and lab
practical.