The model Answer for
Fourth Year Examination of
Nursing Administration
Date: -1/9/2010
Time: - 3 hours
Total degree:- 100
I. Definition
( 5 marks)
Define the following:
1. Documentation
Recording, charting, or decuomenting are the same words used alternatively .they mean the
process of writing information on chart forms
Documentation is the process of obtaining, orginzing and conveying information to others
in awritten format
.
2. Need
Is lack or deficit of something within a system or a man when a need is felt by an individual
, it leads to a chain of activities . These activities and / or behaviors are always directed
towards the goal to satisfy the need (goal-oriented behavior).
3. Narrative charting
This is a traditional method of nursing documentation takes the form of a story written in
paragraphs .
4. Formal Communication
This type is established by management and formally pictured in the charts of the
organization.
- It is a line of communication for the transmission of official message and information
within or outside the organization.
5. Prototype Evaluation
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Prototype systems are based on average care times for groups of clients defined by broad
categories and typical characterestic categories are hierarchial ( self care, minimal care,
moderate care, extensive care) according to the amount of care required. Prototypes are
called subjective systems.
II - Multiple choice questions:
Choose the correct answer.
( 10 marks)
1- Horizontal flow of communication:a- Flows from people at higher level to those at lower level.
b- Passes from subordinates to superior.
c- Occurs with persons at different levels who have no direct reporting relationship.
d- Takes place directly people on the same or similar organizational level.
2- The participative style of leadership is one in which:a- The nurse manager provides little guidance to the staff.
b- The nurse manager makes all the decisions.
c- The staff participates in decision making.
d- the nurse manager set high standard and challenges her staff
3-The report given by the head nurse of one shift to nursing office indicates any
happening which is not consistent with routine hospital or routine patient care:a- Report of complaint
b- Census report
c- Shift report
d- Incident report
4- Census report refers to which of the following types of communication:a- Down ward
b- Diagonal
c- Up ward.
d- Horizontal.
5- The record that used in the nursing office is:a- Assignment record
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b- Census record
c- Medication record
d- Attendance record
6- Shift report refers to which of the following types of communication:a- Diagonal
b- Horizontal
c- Up ward.
d- Down ward.
7- The power gained through knowledge and experience is:a- Legitimate power
b- Expert power
c- Referent power
d- Reward power
8 - The type of record that provide information about planned coverage of
nursing personnel for each nursing unit is called:a- Census record
b- Time record
c- Assignment record
d- Requesting record
9- Nursing care delivery model specifies that each patient will be carried by a
private nurse
a- Team nursing model
b- Case model
c- Function model
d- None of the above
10- When documentation error has been made it should:a- Be whited out so as to keep the record tidy
b- Be erased
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c- Have one line draw through it
d- Be scratched out
III- Differentiate
( 25marks)
Differentiate between the following:1- Incident report and complaint report.
Incident report
complaint report.
Referred to any happening which is
Serious complaints , which cannot be
not consistent with routine operation
handled by the ward personnel , are
of the hospital or routine care of the
reported to the nursing office .
patient. It may be an incident or a
situation which might result in an
accident , e.g. error in medication and
omission of treatment .
Incident Report should Include
The form should include the following
- Patient name and diagnosis .
- Statement of complaint .
- Admission data .
- Justification as seen by nurse .
- Time incident or accident was
- Measures taken to overcome the
noted or reported .
dissatisfaction .
- What was done
- The result of action taken .
- Date and signature of all
- Date and signature .
individuals involved in the incident
and their professional status.
2- Reward and Punishment power
Reward Power
Power that come from the ability to
reward others to influence them to
change their behavior.
Eg. Using a hospital award to alter
other's behavior.
Punishment Power
It called coercive power which comes
from the ability to punish others to
influence them to change their
behavior
Eg. Using the hospital disciplinary
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evaluation system to alter another
behavior.
3- Function and case methods.
Function Method
Advantages
Each nurse become highly skillful , she develops
speed and efficiency in doing her asignment task .
She become more independent and needs less
supervision .
Inexpensive methods e.g. nurse are from different
categories .
Small number of nursing personnel can to a
relatively large of patient .
Case Method
Patient centered methods
The patient feels more
secure.
The nurse develops good
relation with the patient
The nurse feels more
satisfaction; she can
observe progress in patient
condition as a result of her
care.
Less equipment and supplies are needed
She can practice all tasks
involved in the patient
care.
Function centered method, the functional approach One to one ratio is
is mechanistic , Impersonal / and emphasis the
sometimes unrealistic.
more technical aspects of nursing care .
Fragmentation and depersonalization of patient
Method is expensive (
care .
nurse's salaries)
No one nurse know of evaluate patient care .
It needs frequent
supervision.
Some aspects pf patient are omitted e.g. teaching . It needs more equipment
and supplies.
Poor nurse / patient communication .
It results in crowd ness in
areas such as medication
Disadvantages
and dressing rooms.
Both staff and patients are likely to be dissatisfied
with the way care given .
The work becomes repetition and boring
Doing the same disconnected tasks prevents them
from experiencing , the satisfaction of seeing any
thing done complete from beginning to end .
Patient is confused and sometime irritated by the
large number of nurses going in and out of the
patient's room .
Their abilities are not fully utilized .
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4- Structured and unstructured problems
Structured Problems
Unstructured Problems
They can be expected , and managers Ivolve ambiguities and information
can plan ahead and develop specific
deficiencies , and often occur as new
ways to deal with them , or even can
or unexpected situation . They usuallly
take action to prevent thei occurrence . require novel solutions .
5-
Leader and manager.
Leader
Focus on people
Inspire trust
Manager
Rely on control
Ask how and when
initiate
Eye on the horizon
Ask what and why Originate
Challenge status quo
Do the right thing
Accept status quo
Do things right
IV - Short Answers
( 20 marks )
1- Mention (6) legal guidelines for recording.
(3 degree)
1. write neatly and legibly
2. write in ink.
3. Use the correct spelling and grammar .
4. use standard abbreviations .
5. Write clear concise sentences
6. Say what you mean
7. chart promptly
8. Note the time
9. chart on chronological order
10. Document accurately , completely and objectively .
11. Sign and date each entry .
2- Record used by nursing department unit.
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(3 degree)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Patient's clinical record
Assignment record .
time planning record
Census record
Inventory record
Narcotic drug record
3- List (6) subordinate factors affecting leadership style
(3 degree)
1. Size of the group
2. Degree of maturity .
3. commitment to a common goal .
4. Readiness to chare in decision making .
5. Need for independence .
6. Readiness to take responsibility
7. Tolerance for ambiguity
8. Interest in the problem
9. Knowledge & experience
10. Expectations
4- Enumerate (6) purposes of kardex
(3 degree)
1. provide complete & concise data about all Pts'. Department.
2 . Determine ideal diet of Pts'.
3 . Locate Pts'. By room & number identify Pts'. By doctor & diagnosis .
4 . Determine any changes in Pts'. Conditions
5 . Determine any changes in medication .
6 . Determine any diagnostie studies done or not done .
5-
Identify four factors affecting motivation
1. Health status –self concept – relation ships
2. Financial status – life plans
3. Leader ship style
4. Peer relation ships
6- List (2) of decision styles
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(2 degree)
(1 degree)
1. Analytical decision style
2. Conceptual decision style – Behavioral style
7-
Enumerate significant of decision making
(2 degree)
1. Decisions making is the one truly distinctive characteristic of managers .
2. Decisions made by top managers commit the total organization toward
particular courses of action .
3. decisions made by lower levels of management implement the strategic
decisions of top managers in the operating areas of the organization .
4. Decisions invariably involve organizational change and the commitment
of scarce resources .
8- Documentation tool of head nurse are
(3 degree)
1. Nursing care plan
2. Kardex form
3. Shift report .
V- Essay
(10 marks)
During daily head nurse round at emergency department she
observed recording mistakes at new patient documentation done
by the most nursing staff.
Discuss this statement using the appropriate head nurse role to solve this
problem.
1- The head nurse making judgments based on assessment data .
2- through staff supervision :
- Conducting conferences
- Educates nursing staff through conferences , rounds and
procedural demonstrations for the documentation process
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3- through staff development : the head nurse can devlop the nursing
staff knowledge and skills through :
- Setting and utilizing high standards for nursing staff performance
which leads to their growth .
- Conducting Training programs in documentation .
4- through staff evaluation : the head nurse can appraise the nurse's
performance through :
- Evaluates the nursing staff performance objectively by
maintaining a routine system for their continuous evaluation to
ensure the attainment of objectives .
- Encourages staff of use self-evaluation to determine their progress
and or drawbacks .
- Evaluates the nurse's performance with the purpose of staff
development rather than punishment .
- Conducts an appratisl interview and investigates any complaints
of the nursing staff .
VI. Situation
(10 marks)
At female surgical department there are (10) staff nurses and
number of patient. (3) of them made abdomen sonar, (5) of them
made
hematology
investigation,(1)patient
admitted
with
hematemesis, (4) patients will be prepared for cholcystectomy, (2)
patients
immediately
post
appendectomy
patients post 8hrs mastectomy operation.
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operation
and
(4)
1. determine patient census.
2. categorize the patient according patients’ acuity.
3. what is the best method of delivery system do you prefer to assign patient.
1- Pts'. Consus is (19 Pts'.)
2- The diagnostic Pts'. Are under the category of minimal care . and the pre
operative & the late post operative Pts'. Are under the category of partial
care . and the immediate post op. Pts'. Are under the category of full
nursing care .
3- The prefered method is case method .
GOOD LUCK
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