REVIEW
***DISCLAIMER: THIS IS NOT THE ONLY DOCUMENT YOU SHOULD STUDY****
 Review all slides you looked at and had to draw – be able to label any structures in them
 Know all the life cycles I covered in the detail I covered
 Know all figures I reviewed in the book
 Know definitions, study your quizzes
Lab 1
 Microscope
o Compound microscope & parts (what the do)
o Dissecting microscope & parts (what they do)
o Total magnification
o Why do we use one type vs the other?
 Fossils
o Types (petrification, etc), importance
 Classification
o Domain (most inclusive), Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species (most exclusive)
 Prokaryotes
o Major parts & what they do
o How to tell them apart from eukaryotes
Lab 2 - Bacteria & K Protista
 Domain Archae - Kingdom Archaebacteria - prokaryote
o Archaebacteria – where they live/ most commonly found?
 Domain Eubacteria - Kingdom Bacteria - prokaryote
o 3 bacterial types (rod, coccus, spirillum)
o energy (autotroph vs heterotroph vs decomposer)
o ex. Cyanobacteria – Oscillatoria, Gleocapsa (that we looked at week 1)
 Domain Eukarya – Kingdoms Protista, Fungi, Plantae, Animalia - eukaryotes
o ways to obtain energy: heterotroph, autotroph, decomposer
o reproduction – asexual (fission), “sexual” - conjugation
o 3 groups (NOT scientific classification) – algae, protozoans, slime molds
 K. Protista - algae
o photosynthetic w/ pigments
o cellular organization (unicellular, filament, colonial) – what are examples of each?
o Phyla:
 Chlorophyta – green
 Repro - Zygote, zygospore, conjugation
 Phaeophyta – brown
 Repro - Conceptable, oogonia, antheridia
 Rhodophyta – red
 Chyrsophyta – diatom
 Cell wall – silicon dioxide (glass)
 Euglenophyta
 Photosynthetic, motile
 Alteration of generations – alternating between haploid and diploid stages of life
 Volvocine line
o related organisms (common ancestor) that show progressive changes in traits/specialization
o unicellular, small, isogamous  colonial, large, oogamous, cellular specialization
o what are the members of the line, what order do they go in?
Lab 3 – K. Protista, Fungi
 K. Protista – protozoans
o Phagocytic, heterotroph (engulfs)
o Phyla
 Rhizopoda – Amoeba
 Major parts (26.1)
 Asexual repro – fission
 Foraminifera – forams (25.3)
 Test – calcium carbonate
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Sarcomastigophora
 Flagella, parasitic or free living
 Ciliophora – ciliates, Paramecium
 Sexual repro – conjugation, asexual – mitosis
 Major parts (26.6)
K. Protista – slime mold
o Phyla
 Myxomycota – protoplasm, coenocytic
K. Fungi
o Absorptive heterotroph, extracellular digestion, parastitc, saphropyte (decompose)
o Anatomy: hyphae, mycelium, septate, aseptate, coenocytic
o Phyla
 Zygomycota – bread mold
 Aseptate, stolon, hyphae, rhizoids
 Zygosporangia, sporangia, sporangiophore
 Ascomycota – sac fungi
 Ascus, ascospore, conidiophore, conidia
 Basidiomycota – mushroom
 Cap, gill, stalk
 Basidia, basidiospores
Lichen
o Symbiosis – fungus (P. Ascomycota) & algae or cyanobacteria
o 3 types – crustose, foliose, fruticose (look at figure in book)
Lab 4 – K. Plantae
 Non vascular plants– bryophytes (liverworts, mosses) – no xylem or phloem, live near substrate
o Dioecious – 2 separate plants – male, female
o Anatomy – rhizoid, thallus
o Antheridia (male sex organs) + Archegonia (female sex organs)  zygote (fertilized egg)  sporophyte
o Fertilization occurs in the archegonia – Sporophyte stays attached to gametophyte
o Phyla
 Hepaticophyta (liverwort)
 Thallus
 gemmae cup w/ gemmae
 archaegoniophore (female) w/ archaegonia (neck, venter, egg)
 antheridiophore (male) w/ antheridia (contains sperm)
 Sporophyte – spore mother cells in capsule  meiosis  spores
 Bryophyta - moss
 Female gametophyte has archaegonia  neck, venter, egg
 Male gametophyte has antheridia  sperm
 Sporangium – grows on female, capsule atop stalk (seta)
 Protonema – germinating moss spore
 Seedless vascular plants
o Monoecious – 1 plant w/ both sexes
o Non-flowering, has xylem & phloem, roots, leaves, stems
o Sporophyte dominant
o Homosporous vs Heterosporous
o Phylum
 Pterophyta – true fern
 Gametophyte - Rhizoid, prothallium, archaegonia, antheridia, sporangiophore
 Sporophyte – frond, stalk, pinnae, fiddlehead, sorus,
Lab 5
 handout I sent for figures and vocab
 gymnosperm – cones (strobili)
o Phyla
 Coniferophyta
 ovulate vs staminate
 monoecious (1 plant w/ both male and female parts)
 heterosporous
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Cycadophyta
 Dioecious (2 plants – male, female – female cone is larger)
Angiosperm – flowers
o Vegetative vs reproductive structure
o Flower anatomy
o Phylum
 Anthophyta
 heterosporous
o Fruit – ripened ovary w/ seeds & tissues
o Double fertilization – polar nuclei  endosperm, ovule  embryo (cotyledons)
o Monocot vs dicot
Anatomy
o Root – tap vs fibrous
o Stem
 Primary vs secondary growth
 Shoot apical meristem – primary vertical growth from shoot
 Leaf primordial – where leaves form
 Vascular cambium – only in dicots (secondary growth)
o Leaves
 Venation – pinnate, palmate, parallel
 Phyllotaxy – alternate, opposite, whorled
 Simple vs compoun
Lab 6
 preserve walk worksheet only