9th International Symposium on Toxicity Assessment
26 September to 1 October 1999
Pretoria, South Africa
TECHNICAL PROGRAMMME
SUNDAY, 26 SEPTEMBER
WORKSHOP
09:30 - 10:00
Workshop Registration : Registration desk, In Touch Convention Centre
10:00 - 11:00
Group A : Toxicity testing of aqueous samples with the freshwater cnidarian Hydra
attenuata: theoretical and practical aspects - Christian Blaise, Canada
Group B : (a) Toxicity testing with Vibrio fisheri photobacteria. Traditional method and a
new approach for solid and coloured samples - Juha Lappalainen, Finland; (b) Heavy
metal biosensors - Marko Virta, Finland
11:00 - 11:15
Refreshments : Sponsored by OEN Enterprises (Pty) Ltd
11:15 - 12:15
Group A : (a) Toxicity testing with Vibrio fisheri photobacteria. Traditional method and a
new approach for solid and coloured samples - Juha Lappalainen, Finland; (b) Heavy
metal biosensors - Marko Virta, Finland
Group B : Toxicity testing of aqueous samples with the freshwater cnidarian Hydra
attenuata: theoretical and practical aspects - Christian Blaise, Canada
12:15 - 13:30
Lunch break
13:30 - 14:30
Group A : Use and application of the Biosensor, an automated and real-time water quality
monitoring system - David Gruber, USA
Group B : Fluoresence emission of algae as response to photosynthetic activity under the
influence of toxic components in water samples - Christian Moldaenke, Germany
14:30 - 14:45
Refreshments - Sponsored by OEN Enterprises (Pty) Ltd
14:45 - 15:45
Group A : Fluoresence emission of algae as response to photosynthetic activity under the
influence of toxic components in water samples - Christian Moldaenke, Germany
Group B : Use and application of the Biosensor, an automated and real-time water quality
monitoring system - David Gruber, USA
14:00 - 18:00
Symposium Registration : Foyer, Holiday Inn Garden Court
18:30
Meet and Greet : Rietvlei Dam Lapa
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MONDAY, 27 SEPTEMBER
08:00 - 10:00
Registration continues : Registration Desk, In Touch Convention Centre
OPENING SESSION
CHAIRPERSON : Laetitia Slabbert, South Africa
09:00 - 09:05
Welcome - Ms Laetitia Slabbert, Chairman of the Organising Committee
09:05 - 09:15
Welcome address on behalf of the City of Pretoria - Dr Manie van Dyk, Acting Metro
Mayor of Greater Pretoria
09:15 - 09:25
Welcome address on behalf of CSIR - Dr Anthos Yannakou, Director of Environmentek,
CSIR
09:25 - 09:55
Opening address - Water Wars: The Potential of Water to Cause Conflict - Dr Peter
Ashton, Divisional Fellow and Water Resources Specialist, Environmentek, CSIR
09:55 - 10:05
Address - Mr Piet Odendaal, President of the International Water Association (IWA) and
Executive Director, Water Research Commission
10:05 - 10:10
10:10 - 10:30
Acknowledgement and vote of thanks to sponsors - Ms Laetitia Slabbert
Tea/Coffee
Briefing for chairpersons and presenters of Session 1 : Auditorium
SESSION 1 : LABORATORY TECHNIQUES AND TEST KITS
CHAIRPERSONS : Christian Blaise (Canada) and Takashi Kusui (Japan)
10:30 - 10:50
10:50 - 11:10
11:10 - 11:30
11:30 - 11:50
11:50 - 12:10
12:10 - 12:30
Toxkit microbiotests: New low cost tools for hazard detection/monitoring in environmental
toxicology - G Persoone, Belgium
Mammalian cell lines as a tool for toxicity assessment - J M Whitcutt and J J Alexander,
South Africa
Use of charophyte cell membrane reactions for toxicity assessment: In vivo and in vitro
approaches - L Manusadzianas, G Maksimov, S Jurkonienë, K Sadauskas and R Vitkus,
Lithuania
A new method for measuring the toxicity of solid and colored samples with Vibrio fischeri J O Lappalainen, R Juvonen, K Vaajasaari and M T Karp, Finland
In vitro urease enzyme test for water quality testing - E A Venter, J L Slabbert and N C
Metelerkamp, South Africa
Luminescence-based biosensors for the detection of bioavailable heavy metals - M P J
Virta, J O Lappalainen, S Tauriainen, K Hakkila and M T Karp, Finland
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12:30 - 13:40
13:20 - 13:40
Lunch
Briefing for chairpersons and presenters of Session 2 : Auditorium
SESSION 2 : ESTROGENIC EFFECTS
CHAIRPERSONS : Guido Persoone (Belgium) and Alicia Ronco (Argentina)
13:40 - 14:00
14:00 - 14:20
14:20 - 14:40
14:40 - 15:00
15:00 - 15:20
15:20 - 15:40
On the measurement conditions for estrogen detection using yeast and estrogen
screening of river water around industrial wastes disposal sites - I Aoyama, R Luo, X F
Zhang and Y Shen, Japan
The occurrence of estrogenic effects in Flanders, Belgium: a screening of resident fish
populations - W M de Coen, K Van Campenhout, G Vendenbergh, B Denayer, C R
Janssen and J P Giesy, USA
Evaluation of estrogenic activity of environmental water by yeast screen - T Kusui and E
Sugisawa, Japan
The monitoring of water quality using a whole blood culture assay: The inflammatory
activity of riverine and drinking water - D J Pool, J H van Wyk and A J Leslie
Biomarkers for effects on reproduction and endocrine disruptors - B Sundelin, C Ryk and
A-K Eriksson, Sweden
Tea/Coffee
Briefing for chairperson and presenters of Session 3 : Auditorium
SESSION 3 : GENOTOXICITY AND MUTAGENICITY
CHAIRPERSON : Arthur Barton (Australia)
15:40 - 16:00
16:00 - 16:20
Development of a test strategy for the detection of genotoxic effects in surface waters - T
Grummt, Germany
Somatic cell mutation induced by sunlight and UV-irradiation in Drosophila - T Negishi, M
Toyoshima, S Takinami, M Mochizuki, H Hayatsu, O Nikaido, M Kubota, M Watanabe, M
Hieda and K Hieda, Japan
18:30 - 20:00
Cocktail Reception - In Touch Convention Centre
TUESDAY, 28 SEPTEMBER
08:00 - 08:30
Briefing for chairperson and presenters of Session 4 : Auditorium
SESSION 4 : WATERTOX NETWORK
CHAIRPERSON : Gilles Forget, Canada
08:30 - 08:35
08:35 - 08:50
08:50 - 09:05
09:05 - 09:20
09:20 - 09:35
09:35 - 09:50
09:50 - 10:10
Welcome - G Forget, Canada
Overview of results of the eight country IDRC Watertox Project - G Forget, A Sánchez
and B J Dutka, Canada
The use of a set of animal and plant bioassays to estimate toxicity of organic and
inorganic substances - V V Arkhipchuk, V D Romanenko, M V Malinovskaya, L S Kipnis,
V D Solomatina and Y G Krot, Ukraine
Evaluation of a battery of toxicity tests for use in the assessment of water quality in a
Costa Rican laboratory - L E Castillo, M Pinnock and E Martínez,
Development and validation of a battery of bioassays - The Colombia experience - M C
Diaz-Baez and J Perez, Colombia
Assessment of a battery of simple bioassays for the determination of surface water quality
by a Canadian community-based laboratory - J J Ridal and T Beauregard, Canada
Questions
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10:10 - 10:30
Tea/Coffee
SESSION 4 : WATERTOX NETWORK continues
CHAIRPERSON : Gilles Forget, Canada
10:30 - 10:45
12:00 - 12:15
12:15 - 12:30
Standardization of a battery of bioassays for water toxicity testing: Results of a study in
Chile - G Castillo, Chile
Toxicity assessment of water with a battery of bioassays - Results from México - M C Y
Pica Granados, México
A comparative study of selected bioassays to determine water toxicity (India) - R C
Srivastava and D Datta, India
Comparative response of a battery of toxicity tests for water quality assessment within an
intercalibration network: Results from Argentina - A E Ronco, M C Sobrero, V I Grassi, L
P Kaminski, G B Rossini and L A Massolo, Argentina
Evaluation of three water concentration techniques as a previous step to test acute
toxicity - M C Diaz-Baez, L E Cruz, J Perez, D Rodriguez
Toxicity screening of aqueous samples using a cost-effective 72-h exposure Selenastrum
capricornutum assay - C Blaise, G Forget and S Trottier, Canada
Questions
Conclusions
12:30 - 13:40
13:20 - 13:40
Lunch
Briefing for chairpersons and presenters of Session 5 : Auditorium
10:45 - 11:00
11:00 - 11:15
11:15 - 11:30
11:30 - 11:45
11:45 - 12:00
SESSION 5 : BIODEGRADATION AND TOXICITY
CHAIRPERSONS : Isao Aoyama (Japan) and Lesley Phillips (South Africa)
13:40 - 14:00
14:00 - 14:20
14:20 - 14:40
14:40 - 15:00
15:00 - 15:20
15:20 - 15:40
The effects of early diagenesis on [13C] pyrene fate in sediments - E A Guthrie, J M
Bortiatynski, J E Richman, B Chefetz, J D H Van Heemst and P G Hatcher, USA
Microbial metabolism of chlorothalonil residues in agricultural soil - M van Eeden, H C
Potgieter, H A Esterhuysen and A M van der Walt, South Africa
Factors affecting the rate of biodegradation - D Liu, R J Maguire, Y L Lau, G J
Pacepavicius, H Okamura and I Aoyama, Canada
The impact of herbicides on the biological activity, measured with the Bait-Lamina test - A
field study in a vineyard in the Western Cape - B Helling, A J Reinecke, K Louw, J Fourie
and S A Reinecke, South Africa
The toxicity and biodegradability of eight main phenolic compounds of the oil-shale
industry wastewaters: a test battery approach - A Kahru, L Pollumaa, R Reiman, A
Rätsep and A Maloveryan, Estonia
Tea/Coffee
Briefing for chairperson and presenters of Session 6 : Auditorium
SESSION 6 : REGULATORY USE OF TOXICITY TESTS
CHAIRPERSON : Rick Scroggins (Canada)
15:40 - 16:00
16:00 - 16:20
The US Clean Water Act and the application of microbiotests to demonstrate compliance
- D Gruber, USA
Use of toxicity testing for effluent assessment and control in Canadian Regulatory
Programs - R P Scroggins, Canada
16:20 - 17:20
Open Forum
Discussion Panel: David Gruber (USA), Guido Persoone (Belgium), Hein du
Preez (South Africa), Malcolm McCormick (Australia), Isao Aoyama (Japan), and
Alicia Ronco (Argentina)
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WEDNESDAY, 29 SEPTEMBER
08:00 - 22:00
Field trip
THURSDAY, 30 SEPTEMBER
08:10 - 08:30
Briefing for chairpersons and presenters of Session 7 : Auditorium
SESSION 7 : APPLICATION: GROUND-, SURFACE AND DRINKING WATER
CHAIRPERSONS : Anneli Kühn (South Africa) and Dickson Liu (Canada)
08:30 - 08:50
09:50 - 10:10
Evaluation of groundwater toxicity using bioassay, chemical and TIE analyses - K E
Gustavson and J M Harkin, USA
Use of specific sorbents and rapid bioassays for groundwater monitoring - K E Gustavson
and J M Harkin, USA
Evaluation of toxicity assays for non-aqueous phase liquid (NAPL) detection in
groundwater - J L Slabbert, E A Venter, E Pienaar, R Meyer and C Ellerbeck, South Africa
Heavy metal binding capacity of environmental samples, using MetPAD/MetPLATE - G
Bitton, F Huang, I C Kong and J-L Morel, USA
Toxicity testing at Goreangab Reclamation Plant - past, present, future - J G Menge and J
L Slabbert, Namibia
10:10 - 10:30
Tea/Coffee
08:50 - 09:10
09:10 - 09:30
09:30 - 09:50
SESSION 8 : POSTERS
CHAIRPERSON : Wim de Coen (Belgium)
10:30 - 11:30
11:30 - 12:30
Poster Viewing : Atrium
Poster Discussion : Auditorium
Discussion Panel: Gabriel Bitton (USA), Christian Blaise (Canada), Falk Krebs
(Germany) and Kristin Becker van Slooten (Switzerland)
12:30 - 13:40
13:20 - 13:40
Lunch
Briefing for chairpersons and presenters of Session 9 : Auditorium
SESSION 9 : SEDIMENT AND SOIL TOXICITY
CHAIRPERSONS : Colin Janssens (Belgium) and Malcolm McCormick (Australia)
13:40 - 14:00
14:00 - 14:20
14:20 - 14:40
14:40 - 15:00
15:00 - 15:20
Use of bioassays to develop a PAH cleanup strategy for Hamilton Harbour - T Murphy,
Canada
Genotoxicity and estrogenicity of substances extracted from road sediments - Y Ono, H
Nagadome, E Degirmenci, S Kanoh and O Kawara, Japan
Acute and chronic toxicity of estuarine sediments to the Manila clam, Tapes
semidecussatus - P A Byrne and J O'Halloran, Ireland
The dynamics of metals and hydrophobic organic contaminants in sediments of euxinic
bottoms - A-K Eriksson, B Sundelin and E Håkansson, Sweden
Development of a standardized reference sediment to improve the usefulness of marine
benthic toxicity testing as a regulatory tool - I Still, S Rabke and J Candler
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15:20 - 15:40
Tea/Coffee
Briefing for chairpersons and presenters of Session 10 : Auditorium
SESSION 10 : BIOMARKERS
CHAIRPERSONS : Gabriel Bitton (USA) and Annette Venter (South Africa)
15:40 - 16:00
16:00 - 16:20
16:20 - 16:50
16:50 - 17:30
19:30
Molluscan shellfish biomarker study of the Saguenay Fjord, Québec, Canada - C Blaise,
F Gagné, J Pellerin and P-D Hansen, Canada
Effect of a herbicide on biomarkers and life cycle parameters of the collembola Folsomia
candida - C Stämfli, K Becker van Slooten and J Tarradellas, Switzerland
Heat shock protein expression as a biomarker for detection of environmental stress in sea
bream - N Y S Woo, E E Deane, S P Kelly and C K M Lo, China
Preview of the 10th International Symposium on Toxicity Assessment to be held in
Quebec, Canada, 2001 - Lynn Cleary, Canada
Banquet - Stars Studio
FRIDAY, 1 OCTOBER
08:10 - 08:30
Briefing for chairpersons and presenters of Session 11 : Auditorium
SESSION 11 : ON-LINE MONITORING, AND LABORATORY AND FIELD ASSAYS
CHAIRPERSONS : John Harkin (USA) and Anders Svenson (Sweden)
08:30 - 08:50
08:50 - 09:10
09:10 - 09:30
09:30 - 09:50
09:50 - 10:10
10:10 - 10:30
Automated biological monitors as bio-markers - D Gruber and W J Rasnake, USA
Monitoring of surface waters by ultra-sensitive Daphnia Toximeter - C Moldaenke,
Germany
MetPlant: A test for detecting metal-accumulating plants growing on contaminated soils G Bitton, A Boularbah, J-L Morel and C Schwartz, USA
Comparison of community changes and tolerance analyses for the assessment of
wastewater ecotoxicity - D Soldo and R Behra, Switzerland
Development of marine sediment re-worker toxicity tests with Western Australian species
- Y B Tsvetnenko, A J Black and L H Evans, Australia
Tea/Coffee
Briefing for chairpersons and presenters of Session 12 : Auditorium
SESSION 12 : EFFLUENT TOXICITY AND DATA EVALUATION
CHAIRPERSONS : Gabriela Castillo (Chile) and Barney Dutka (Canada)
10:30 - 10:50
10:50 - 11:10
11:10 - 11:30
11:30 - 11:50
11:50 - 12:10
12:10 - 12:30
Experiences with testing of chemicals used in the oil and gas industry in Western
Australia - A P Barton, Australia
Effects of copper and electroplating effluent on the filtration rate of the green mussel
Perna viridis - C K Wong and P K Wong, China
Argentina: The need of developing toxicity tests to assess the efficiency of treatment
removal for industrial effluents and water quality of receiving waters - C E Gomez, L L
Contento and A Carsen, Argentina
Wastewater toxicity screening with microbiotests in a Northern Italy joint activated sludge
plant - M Cardinaletti, Italy
Agricultural pesticide contamination in the Lourens River, Western Cape: Importance of
spraydrift and runoff for a field-relevant exposure assessment - R Schulz, J M Dabrowski,
C Hugo, V Krause, S K C Peall and A J Reinecke, South Africa
The use of principal components analysis to analyse toxicity data - C Blaise, D J Kew, T
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Kusui, M J McCormick and R J McCormick, Australia
12:30 - 13:40
13:20 - 13:40
Lunch
Briefing for chairpersons and presenters of Session 13 : Auditorium
SESSION 13 : ALGAL AND FUNGAL TOXINS
CHAIRPERSONS : Hein du Preez (South Africa) and Ian Falconer (Australia)
13:40 - 14:00
14:00 - 14:20
14:20 - 14:40
14:40 - 15:00
15:00 - 15:20
15:20 - 15:40
Detection of cyanobacterial toxicity - I R Falconer, Australia
Incorporation of the ELISA mycrocystin rapid screening kit in Rand Water's
cyanophyceae toxin monitoring protocol - H Mulder, Z C Ngwenya, L Grobler and H H du
Preez, South Africa
Tests for the toxicity assessment of cyanobacterial bloom samples - M Tarczynska, G
Nalecz-Jawecki, J Sawicki, K A Beattie, G A Codd and M Zalewski, Poland
Cyanobacterial toxins showing pesticidal and mosquito larvicidal activity - A Kumar, D P
Singh and M B Tyagi, India
Toxicity assessment of fungal cultures and mycotoxins - G S Shephard, W F O Marasas
and W C A Gelderblom, South Africa
The occurrence of fumonisin B1 in Egyptian-market corn: Screening, processing and
toxicology - A M Aboul-Enein, H A Amra, A A Ragab and M I Mohamed, Egypt
15:40 - 16:00
Closure and Presentation of Awards - Laetitia Slabbert
16:00 - 16:20
Tea/Coffee
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POSTER PRESENTATIONS
BIOASSAY TECHNIQUES
1
Evaluation of a ß-galactosidase in vitro enzymatic test specific for heavy metal toxicity - C D
Apartin and A E Ronco, Argentina
2
Tetrahymena pyriformis - a test system for environmental medicine - A Mueller, O Herbarth and A
E Ronco, Germany
BIOMARKERS
3
Biomarkers of freshwater ecotoxicity: Recovery capacity of fish under field cage conditions - F R
de la Torre, L Ferrari and A Salibián, Argentina
4
Recovery capacity of fish biomarkers from a heavily polluted river under laboratory conditions - F
R de la Torre, L Ferrari and A Salibián, Argentina
5
Fish biomarkers as toxicity assessment tools in simultaneous analysis in two sites of a polluted
river - F R de la Torre, A Salibián and L Ferrari, Argentina
6
Using a mesocosm approach to assess the aquatic health of an urban and an agricultural stream
- T M Tuominen, M Sekela, S Sylvestre and G Moyle, Canada
7
Biomarker assays for the detection of chronic toxicity in the aquatic environment - A Vorster and J
H J van Vuren, South Africa
8
Effect of Cr(VI) on the nucleolar activity in liver cells from Odontesthes bonariensis (Pisces) - P
Carriquiriborde, F Dulout and A E Ronco, Argentina
9
Hormesis: A stress response in cells exposed to low levels of toxic agents - L H Damelin, S
Vokes, J M Whitcutt, S B Damelin and J J Alexander, South Africa
10
Preliminary evaluation of biomarkers for the detection of chronic toxicity in Oreochromis
mossambicus - A Joubert, E A Venter, J L Slabbert, A Vorster, J H J van Vuren and L P D de
Wet, South Africa
11
A short term Hydra attenuata toxicity test based on enzymatic inhibition - R Luo, F Gagné, C
Blaise and I Aoyama, Japan
12
Toxicological studies on diazinon: Biochemical effects of residues on fish muscles - H N El-Khatib
and S A A Shokr, Egypt
13
Stress protein expression in the freshwater bivalves Limnoperna fortunei and Corbicula fluminea
exposed to heavy metals - C Oliver, A Porta and A E Ronco, Argentina
14
An enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for measuring vitellogenin, a biomarker for
xenobiotic estrogens - E J Pool, J H van Wyk and A J Leslie, South Africa
15
Biomarkers in aquatic plants. Heavy metal uptake and changes of electrophoretic protein
patterns in Pistia stratiotes, Sagitaria montevidensis and Schoenoplectus californicus - S
Ramírez, A Porta, N Caffini and A E Ronco, Argentina
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MUTAGENICITY
16
Desmutagenic and/or antimutagenic activity of soil humic substances in germinating seeds of
Vicia faba - G Ferrara, E Loffredo, R Simeone and N Senesi, Italy
17
Cytogenetic consequences of a toxic impact on cells of Allium cepa, Lactuca sativa and Hydra
attenuata - V V Arkhipchuk, M V Malinovskaya and N N Garanko, Ukraine
ON-LINE MONITORING
18
Biological early warning systems in drinking water production - E J M Penders and P G Stoks, The
Netherlands
ALGAL TOXINS
19
Algal toxin initiation of avian botulism? - T Murphy, K Irvine, C Nalewajko, H Murkin and L Ross,
Canada
20
Microcystis aeruginosa in the Lake Velencei - M N Reskóné and A K Törökné, Hungary
21
Cyanobacterial toxins detected by Thamnotox kitFM. (A double blind experiment) - A K Törökné
and K Sivonen, Hungary
BIODEGRADATION AND TOXICITY
22
Removal of a Sasol surfactant in surface water using a modified "stair-case" river model - B
Goronyane, South Africa
23
Fate and ecotoxicity of the new antifouling compound Irgarol 1051 in the aquatic environment - H
Okamura, I Aoyama, D Liu, R J Maguire, G J Pacepavicius and Y L Lau, Japan
CHEMICAL TECHNIQUES
24
A sensitive analysis of aldehydes in environmental samples - T Horike, M Iden, T Hidehira and S
Kira, Japan
25
Measurement of benzo(a)pyrene in sea water and in mussels in the Seto Inland Sea, Japan - S
Kira, A Seki, S Nakayama, T Katsuse, Y Nogami and T Ito, Japan
26
Benzo(a)pyrene adsorbed to suspended solid in fresh water - Y Nogami, R Imaeda, T Ito and S
Kira, Japan
27
HEX-MS: Investigation on the use of an MCN and a Meinhard nebuliser - C Thomas, F AbouShakra, A Eaton, D Churchman and K Compson, UK
CHEMICAL EFFECTS
28
Influence of storage conditions in the acute toxicity to aquatic biota of water samples fortified with
pesticides - M J Cerejeira, T Pereira and J Espiríto-Santo, Portugal
29
Use of microbiotests to compare the toxicity of water samples fortified with active ingredient and
formulated pesticides - T Pereira, M J Cerejeira and J Espiríto-Santo, Portugal
30
The use of microbiotests, Daphnia magna reproduction test and some "rapid" methods in the
assessment of pesticides toxicity - P Fochtman, Poland
31
Effect of Cr(VI) on early life stages of three species of hylid frogs (Amphibia, Anura) from South
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America - G Natale, N Basso and A E Ronco, Argentina
32
Organotin compounds on Portuguese coastal waters - Sado and Mira estuaries case studies - M
F Pessoa, A Fernando and J S Oliveira, Portugal
SEDIMENT TOXICITY
33
Toxicity tests on sediment from the Saigon river and Hochiminh City urban waterways, Vietnam L C Do Hong, K Becker Van Slooten, J-J Sauvain and J Tarradellas, Vietnam
34
Sediment bioassessment with a battery of assays and sediment phases: pore water, elutriates
and extracts - F Krebs, Germany
APPLICATION: DRINKING WATER, SURFACE WATER AND EFFLUENTS
35
Feasibility study on incorporating the Aquanox field instrument in Rand Water's biomonitoring
programme - H Mulder, D Masoabi and H H du Preez, South Africa
36
The perspective of microbiotests application in water monitoring system in Estonia - I Blinova,
Estonia
37
Microbiotests in Portugal - a target for the next years - M A Morbey and M F Brito, Portugal
38
Effect of sewage effluents on phytobenthos - M Husain and A M Fahmi, Kuwait
39
Biomarker assays for ecotoxicity assessment from heavy metals and wastewaters - G Castillo, I
Vila, and E Neild, Chile
40
Toxicity identification and evaluation of effluent from a high density sludge plant on an East Rand
gold mine - L P D de Wet, J L Slabbert, R D Walmsley and H Oelofse, South Africa
41
Toxicity identification evaluation of nitrification inhibitors in wastewaters - A Svenson, B Sandén, G
Dalhammar, M Remberger and L Kaj, Sweden
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