Anatomy & Physiology
Lab Week 6: Immune System
Exercise #1
Using the cue cards provided, match the various descriptions to their appropriate
mechanism of defense.
These cue cards will be posted on the website under today’s lab. I would suggest that
you print off your own copy & use this exercise as a study tool for the test. It would also
be beneficial for you to construct your own for the specific immune defenses.
Non-Specific Defense Mechanisms
__ Surface membrane barriers - physical impediments to the entry of antigens
-- skin & mucosa
environments
____ Secretions __
- a continuous wall that separates the internal & external
- examples are sebum, mucous & enzymes that chemically
inhibit the activity of pathogens
______ Inflammation __isolates the pathogens & stimulates the arrival of large numbers
of immune cells
____________phagocytes_______ - ingest & destroy pathogens
_______neutrophils____________ - granular leukocytes that are usually the first to
arrive at the scene of inflammation
__________macrophages_________
phagocytic
- monocytes that have enlarged & become
__________NK cells_________
- group of lymphocytes that kill a variety of cancer
cells & cells infected with viruses
_____interferons_________ - protein produced by viral infected cells to help protect
other cells
_______complement_________
- group of proteins that produce a cascade of
chemical reactions that ultimately cause lysis of a foreign
cell. Can be triggered by either the specific or non-specific
immune reactions
_______transferrins____________ - protein that binds iron reducing the amount
available to bacteria therefore inhibiting their growth
Exercise 2:
Write the class of immunoglobulin (Ig) beside each description.
__IgG__ the first antibody to be secreted after initial exposure to an antigen
_IgA___ found in secretions such as mucous, saliva, tears & breast milk
___IgG_ the most abundant Ig & the only one to cross the placenta
_IgM___ antigen receptors found on the B cells & activate the B cells (plasma cells) to
make antibodies
_IgE__ involved in allergic reaction
Exercise 3:
Describe how vaccines work?
Vaccines are when you introduce n antigenic molecule (or haten) that causes a primary
immune response, so that on second exposure, there is a more forceful, quicker
identification and attach of the pathogen (like using a live attenuated (weakened)
virus
Exercise 4:
Define & give examples of the following:
a) artificially acquired active immunity
injection of the causative agen (in order to develop memory) such as vaccine,
antivenom
b) artificially acquired passive immunity
injection of protective materials (antibodies) that were developed by anothers
immune system (anti RH) – no memory
c) naturally acquired active immunity
a development of the immunity due to having the infection (e.g measles)
d) naturally acquired passive immunity
a fetus receives passive protection through placenta fluid from mother
Surface membrane barriers
physical impediments to the entry of antigens
Skin & mucosa
a continuous wall that separates the internal
& external environments
Secretions
examples are sebum, mucous & enzymes
that chemically inhibit the activity of
pathogens
Inflammation
isolates the pathogens & stimulates the
arrival of large numbers of immune cells
Phagocytes
ingest & destroy pathogens
Neutrophils
granular leukocytes that are usually the first
to arrive at the scene of inflammation
Macrophage
monocytes that have enlarged & become phagocytic
Natural killer cells (NKC)
group of lymphocytes that kill a variety of cancer cells
& cells infected with viruses
Interferon
Complement
Transferins
protein produced by viral infected cells to
help protect other cells
group of proteins that produce a cascade of chemical
reactions that ultimately cause lysis of a foreign cell.
Can be triggered by either the specific or non-specific
immune reactions
protein that binds iron reducing the amount available to
bacteria therefore inhibiting their growth