RAJIV GANDHI GOVT. POST GRADUATE COLLEGE
AMBIKAPUR
POST GRADUATE COURSE IN CHEMISTRY
(UNDER SEMESTER SYSTEM)
BASED ON UGC MODEL CURRICULUM
MASTER OF SCIENCE
CHEMISTRY
2013- 2014
SEMESTER –I , II,III,& IV
RAJIV GANDHI GOVT. POST GRADUATE
COLLEGE AMBIKAPUR
POST GRADUATE COURSE IN CHEMISTRY
(UNDER SEMESTER SYSTEM)
BASED ON UGC MODEL CURRICULUM
MASTER OF SCIENCE
CHEMISTRY
2013- 2014
SEMESTER –I,II,III & IV
RAJEEV GANDHI GOVT. P.G. COLLEGE AMBIKAPUR C.G.
POST GRAUATE COURSE IN CHEMISTRY
(Under Semester System)
2013-2014
SCHEME FOR THE THEORY /LABORATORY COURSE
The Postgraduate course in chemistry shall extend over a period of two
academic years comprising of four semesters. The syllabi and schemes of
examination of these are detailed herewith.
The four semesters M.Sc. course shall consist of sixteen theory and six
practical courses. In each semester there shall be four theory courses
each of 80 marks and 20 marks for internal Assessment Test. In internal
assessment there will be 12 marks for two written test and 08 marks for
a seminar in each paper. Thus there shall be T/I =100 marks for each
Paper. Minimum Passing/ Qualifying marks shall be 36% in each theory
Paper. Student will have to obtain at least 10 marks in Internal
assessment of each paper. Candidate will be required to pass separately
in each theory courses and each practical courses. Students will have to
attempt any five questions out of Eight questions in each theory paper.
In First and Second Semester there will be two practical /Laboratory
courses each of 100 marks. In Third and Fourth Semester there will be
one Practical/Laboratory course of 200 marks .Lab course /courses will
be conducted after end of every Semester.
ACADEMIC PROGRAMMES & SCHEMES
M.Sc. Chemistry
FIRST SEMESTER
Course
Structure
Paper Subject
I. Inorganic
Chemistry –I
II. Organic
Chemistry -I
III. Physical
Chemistry-I
Iv. Spectroscopy
Total Theory
Marks
Theory Paper
Internal Assesment
Max.
Marks
Qualifying
Marks
Test
Seminar
Total
Passing
Marks
80
29
12
8
20
10
80
29
12
8
20
10
80
29
12
8
20
10
20
10
80
40
80
29
12
8
Aggregate
320
48
32
36%
LABORATORY COURSE
I. Inorganic
Chemistry
II. Organic
Chemistry
Total
100
100
200
SECOND SEMESTER
Course
Structure
Paper Subject
I. Inorganic
Chemistry –II
II. Organic
Chemistry -II
III. Physical
Chemistry -II
Iv .Diff. methods,
Computer &
Biology for
Chemists
Total Theory
Marks
I. Physical
Chemistry
II. Analytical/
Instrumental
Total
Theory Paper
Internal Assesment
Max.
Marks
Qualifying
Marks
Test
Seminar
Total
Passing
Marks
80
29
12
8
20
10
80
29
12
8
20
10
80
29
12
8
20
10
80
29
12
8
20
10
32
80
40
Aggregate
48
36%
LABORATORY COURSE
320
100
100
200
ACADEMIC PROGRAMES &SCHEMS
M.Sc. Chemistry
THIRED- SEMESTER
Course
Structure
Paper Subject
I. Application of
Spectroscopy
II. Bio-inorganic
Chemistry
III.
Environmental
Chemistry
Iv. Chemistry of
Natural
Products
Total Theory
Marks
Theory Paper
Max.
Marks
80
Qualifying
80
Internal Assesment
Test
Seminar
Total
12
8
20
Passing
Marks
10
29
12
8
20
10
80
29
12
8
20
10
80
29
12
8
20
10
80
40
320
Marks
29
Aggregate
48
32
36%
LABORATORY COURSE
General
200
Total
200
Course Structure
Paper Subject
I. Photo chem.&
Solid state chem.
II. Bio-organic, Bio
-Physical chem.
III. Analytical
Chemistry
Iv. Medicinal
Chemistry
Total Theory
Marks
FOURTH SEMESTER
Theory Paper
Max. Qualifying
Test
Marks
Marks
Internal Assesment
Passing
Seminar Total
Marks
80
29
12
8
20
10
80
29
12
8
20
10
80
29
12
8
20
10
80
29
12
8
20
10
80
40
320
Aggregate
48
32
36%
LABORATORY COURSE
Special –Organic
200
Total
200
M.Sc. Chemistry
SEMESTER – I
PAPER – I
INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
Note:- Eight Questions will be set. A student shall be required to attempt
any five questions .
1.
Stereochemistry and Bonding in main group compounds:
VSEPR, Walsh diagram (tri and penta atomic molecules),dπ-pπ, bonds,
Bent rule and energetics of hybridization. Some simple reactions of
covalently bonded molecules.
2.
Metal Ligand Equilibria in solution :
Stepwise and overall formation constant and their interaction, trends in
stepwise constants, factors affecting the stability of metal complexes with
special reference to nature of metal ion and ligand, chelate effect and its
thermodynamic origin,determination of binary formation constants by pH
–metry and spectrophotometry.
3.
Reaction Mechanism of Transition metal complexes:
Energy profile of a reaction, reactivity of metal complexes, inert and labile
complexes, kinetic application of valence bond and crystals field theories,
kinetics of octahedral substitution, acid hydrolysis, factors affecting acid
hydrolysis, base hydrolysis, conjugate base mechanism, direct and
indirect evidences in favour of conjugate mechanism, anations reactions,
reactions without metal ligand bond cleavage, substitution- reaction in
square planar complexes, the trans effect, mechanism of the substitution
reactions. Redox reactions, electron transfer reactions, mechanism of one
electron transfer reactions, outer sphere type reactions, cross reaction
and Marcus – Hush theory, inner sphere type reactions.
4.
Metal ligand bonding:
Limitation of Crystal field theory, molecular orbital theory, octahedral,
tetrahedral and square planar complexes, π-bonding and molecular
orbital theory.
5.
Metal, π –Complexes:
Metal carbonyls, structure and bonding, vibrationnal spectra of metal
Carbonyls for bonding and structural elucidation, important reaction of
metal Carbonyls, preparation, bondings structure and important reaction
of transition metal nitrosyl, dinitrogen and dioxygen complexes, tertiary
phosphine as ligand.
Books Suggested :
1. Advanced inorganic Chemistry - F.A. Cotton and Wilkinson, JohnWiley.
2. Inorganic Chemistry –J.E. Huhey, Harpes &Roin.
3. Chemistry of the Elements –N.N.Greenwood and A. Earnshow, Pergamon.
4. Inorganic Electronic Spectroscopy - A.B.p. Level Elsevier.
5. Magnetochemistry +RL. Carlin ,Springer verlag.
6. Chemical Application of Group Theory –F.A. Cotton.
M.Sc.Chemistry1
SEMESTER –I
PAPER – II
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
Note:- Eight Questions will be set. A student shall be required to attempt
any five questions .
1.
Nature of Bonding in Organic Molecule:Delocalized chemical bonding conjugation, cross conjugation resonance,
hyperconjugation, bonding in fullerenes, tautomerism.
Aromaticity in benzenoid and non- benzenoid compounds,alternant and
non-alternant hydrocarbons, Huckels rule, energy level of π molecular
orbitals, annulenes, anti - +aromaticity, aromaticity, homoaromaticity,
PMO approach.
2.
Stereochemistry:Chirality, elements of symmetry, molecules with more than one chiral
center threo and erythro isomers R and S configuration. Separation of
enantiomers. Regioselective, stereospecific and stereoselective reaction.
Asymmetric synthesis. Otical activity in the absence of chiral carbon
(atropisomerism)- biphenyls, allenes and spiranes and their
nomenclature.
Conformational analysis of cyclohexanes and decaline. Effect of
conformation on reactivity.
3.
Reaction Mechanism:- Strucure and Reactivity
Types of mechanism, types of reactions, thermodynamic and Kinetic
requirements, kinetic and thermodynamic control, Hammond’s postulate,
Curtin-Hammett Principle. Potential energy diagrams, transition states
and intermediates, methods of determining mechanism. isotope effects.
Hard and Soft acids and bases. Effect of Structure or reactivity resonance and field effects, steric effect Quantitative treatment. The
Hammett equation and linear free energy relationship, substituent and
reaction constants.Taft equation.
4.
Reaction intermediates:Generation, Structure, stability and reactivity of carbocation, carbanions,
free redicals carbenes, nitrenes and Benzynes. Application of NMR in
detection of carbocations.
5.
Free Redical Reaction:Types of free radical reaction, free radical substitution mechanism,
mechanism at an aromatic substrate, neighboring group assistance.
Reactivity for aliphatic and aromatic substrates at a bridgehead.
Reactivity in the attacking radicals. The effect of solvents on reactivity.
Allyic halogenations (NBS), Oxidation of aldehyeds to carboxylic acids,
auto – oxidation, coupling of alkynes and arylation of aromatic
compounds by diazonium salts. Sandmeyer reaction. Free radical
rearrangement. Hunsdiecker reaction.
6.
Electrophilic Substitution reaction:(a) Aliphatic Electrophilic
substitution:- Bimolecular mechanism –
SE2,SEi and SE1 mechanism, electrophilic substitution accompanied by
double bond Shifts .Effect of substrates, leaving group and the solvent
polarity on the reactivity.
(b) Aromatic electrophilic substitution:- The arenium ion mechanism,
orientation and reactivity, energy profile diagrams. The orthor/para ratio,
ipso attack, orientation in other ring system. Quantitative treatment of
reactivity in substrates and electrophiles, Diazonium coupling,
Gattermann Koch reaction, Vilsmeir Reaction.
Books Suggested:1. Advance Organic Chemistry :– Reaction Mechanism and structure, Jerry
March, John Wiley.
2. Advance Organic Chemistry –F.A. Carey and Sundberg, Pienum
3. A Guide Book to Maechanism in Organic Chemistry- Peter Sykes,
Longman.
4. Structure and Maechanism in Organic Chemistry-C. S. Ingold, Cornell
University Press
5. Organic Chemistry-Morrison & Boyd Prentice Hall
6. Modern Organic Reaction-H. O. House Benjamine
7. Principles of Organic Synthesis - R.O.C.Norman and J.M. Coxon,lackie
Academic and Professional
8. Pericyclic Rection - S.M.Mukherjee, Macmillan, India
9. Reaction Mechanism in Organic Chemistry - Singh & Mukherjee,
Macmillan
10. Stereochemistry of Organic Compounds-Nasipuri, New Age International
11. Stereochemistry of Organic Compounds – P.S.Kalsi New Age
International
M.Sc. Chemistry
SEMESTER –I
PAPER – III
PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY
Note:- Eight Questions will be set. A student shall be required to attempt
any five questions .
1.
QUANTUM CHEMISTRY
a. Introduction to Exact Quantum Mechanical Results
The Schrodinger equation and the postulates of Quantum mechanics.
Discussion of solution of the Schrodinger equation to some model system
viz. particle in a box, the harmonic oscillator, the rigid rotor, the
hydrogen atom
b. Approximate Methods
The variation theorem, linear variation principle. Perturbation theory
(first order and non degenerate). Applications of variation method and
Perturbation theory to the Helium atom.
c. Angular momentum
Ordinary angular momentum, generalized angular momentum, eigen
function for angular momentum, eigenfuvalues of angular momentum,
operator using ladder operators, addition of angular momenta, spin,
antisymmetry and Pauli exclusion principle.
2.
THERMODYNAMICS
a. Classical Thermodynamics
Brief resume of concept of laws of thermodynamics, free energy, chemical
potential and entropies. Partial molar properties; partial molar free
energy, partial molar volume and partial molar heat content and their
significances. Determinations of these quantities.Concept of fugacity and
determination of fugacity. Non-ideal systems; Excess functions for nonideal solutions. Activity, activity coefficient, Debye Huckel theory for
activity coefficient of electrolytic solutions; determination of activity and
activity coefficient; ionic strength. Application of phase rule to three
component systems; second order phase transitions.
b. Statistical Thermodynamics
Concept of distribution, thermodynamic probability and most probable
distribution. Ensemble averaging, postulates of ensemble averaging.
Canonical,
grand
canonical
and
microcanonical
ensembles,
corresponding distribution laws (using Lagrange’s method of
undetermined multipliers). Partition functions-translational, rotational,
vibrational and electronic partition functions, calculation of
thermodynamic properties in terms of partition functions. Applications of
partition functions.
Heat capacity behaviour of solids- chemical equilibria and equilibrium
constant in terms of partition function, Fermi-Dirac statistics
,distribution law and application to metal. Bose – Einstein Statistics –
distribution law and application to helium.
c. Non Equilibrium Thermodynamics
Thermodynamic criteria for non- equilibrium states, entropy production
and entropy flow, entropy balance equation for different irreversible
processes (e.g. heat flow, chemical reaction etc.) transformation of the
generalized fluxes and force, non equilibrium stationary states,
phenomenological equations, microscopic reversibility and Onsager`s
reciprocity relations, electro-kinetic phenomena, diffusion, electric
conduction, irreversible thermodynamics for biological systems, coupled
reactions.
3.
SURFACE CHEMISTRY
a. Adsorption
Surface tension , capillary action , Pressure difference across curved
surface (Laplace equation), vapour
pressure of droplets (Kelvin
equation), Gibbs adsorption isotherm, estimation of surface area (BET
equation), surface films on liquids (Electro Kinetic phenomenon),
catalytic activity at surface.
b. Micelles
Surface active agents, classification of surface active agents,
micellization, hydrophobic interaction, critical micellar concentration
(CMC),factors affecting the CMC of surfactants, counter ion binding to
micelles, thermodynamics of micellization – phase separation and mass
action models, Solubilization, micro emulsion, reverse micelles.
Books Suggested :1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Physical chemistry, P. W. Atkins, ELBS
Introductions to quantum chemistry – A.K. Chandra, Tata McGraw Hill
Quantum chemistry – Ira N. Levine, prentice hall.
Coulson’s Valance - R. Moweeny ,ELBS.
Micelles, Theoretical and applied Aspects - V. Moroi, Plenum.
M. Sc. Chemistry
SEMESTER –I
PAPER – IV
SPECTROSCOPY
Note:- Eight Questions will be set. A student shall be required to attempt
any five questions .
1.
Unifying Principles.
Electromagnetic radiation, interaction of electeomagnetic radiation with
matter-absorption, emission, transmission, reflestion refraction,
dispersion polarization and scattering. Uncertainty relation and natural
line width and natural line broadening, transition probability, result of
the time dependent perturbation theory, transition moment selection
rule, intensity of spectral lines, Born – Oppenheimer approximation,
rotational, vibrational and electronic energy levels .
2.
Microwave Spectroscopy.
Classification of molecules, rigid rotor model, effect of isotopic
substitution on the transition frequencies, intensities, non–rigid rotor,
Stark effect, nuclear and electron spin interaction and effect of external
field applications.
3.
Vibrational Spectroscopy:a. Infrared Spectroscopy
Review of linear harmonic oscillator, vibrational energies of diatomic
molecules, zero point energy , force constant and bond strength,
anharmonicity, Morse Potential energy diagram, vibration –rotation
spectroscopy, P,Q,R, branches ,Break down of Oppenheimer
approximation .Vibrations of polyatomic molecules. Selection rules,
normal modes of vibration, group frequencies, overtones, hot bands,
factors affecting the band position and intensities, far I R region, metal –
ligand vibrations, normal co-ordinate analysis.
b. Raman Spectroscopy
Classical and quantum theories of Raman effect. Pure rotational,
vibrational and vibrational-rotational Raman spectra, selection rules,
mutual exclusion principle. Resonance Raman spectroscopy, coherent
anti Stokes Raman spectroscopy (CARS)
4.
Electronic Spectroscopy
a. Atomic Spectroscopy
Energies of atomic orbitals, vector representation of momenta and vector
coupling, spectra of hydrogen atom and alkali metal atoms.
b. Molecular spectroscopy
Energy levels, molecular orbitals, vibronic transitions, vibrational
progressions and geometry of the excited states, Franck-Condon
principle, electronic spectra of polyatomic molecules. Emission spectra;
radioactive and non-radioactive decay, internal conversion,spectra of
transition metal complexes, charge-transfer spectra.
c. Photoelectron spectroscopy
Basic principles, photo electric effect, ionization process, Koopman`s
theorem. Photoelectron spectra of simple molecule, ESCA, chemical
information from ESCA. Auger electron spectroscopy – basic idea.
Books suggested
1. Modern spectroscopy, J. M. Hollas, John Wiley
2. Applied electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis, Ed.H. Windawi and
F. L. Ho. Wiley Interscience
3. Physical methods in Chemistry, R. S. Drago, Saunders college
4. Introduction to Molecular spectroscopy, G. M. Barrow, Mc Graw Hill
5. Basic principle of Spectroscopy, R. Chang . McGraw Hill.
6. Theory and Application of UV Spectroscopy , H.H. Jaffe and M. Orchin ,
IBH –oxford.
7. Introduction to Photoelectron Spectroscopy , P.K. Ghosh . John Wiley.
M.Sc. Chemistry
SEMESTER –I
Examination scheme for Practical Examination
The Board of Examiners- one external and one internal for each branch
will meet to decide the exercises and other matter in connection with the
conduct of Practical examination.
Branch
Lab Course - I
Lab Course - II
Marks
Inorganic
Organic
100
100
Duration
8 hours
5 hours
Sessional marks will be awarded by external examiner in consultation
with the internal examiner
Marks for ex-students are given in parenthesis
1. INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
(a) Qualitative analysis of mixture containing not more than 8 radicals by
semi-micro method only.
32 (48) marks
(b) Quantitative analysis (involving separation ) of a solution containing 2
metals, one of these is to be determined gravimetrically and the other
volumetrically.
28 (32) marks
(c) Viva voice and manipulation
20 (20) marks
(d) Sessional
20 ( - ) marks
Total
100 (100) marks
Award of marks
(a) Deduct one mark for each radical wrongly reported (No negative marks)
(b) Gravimetry-deduct up to 1% of the true value, award full marks ie. 14
(16).For each additional error of 0.20% deduct 1 mark.
(c) Volumetry-error up to 1.5%, award full marks ie. 14 (16). For each error
of 0.2% deduct 1 mark
2. ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
(a) Qualitative analysis of mixture containing two organic compound , 36
(46) Marks.
(b) Two stage preparation
24 (34) Marks
(c) Viva –Voice and manipulation
20 (20) Marks
(d) Sessional
20 (-) Marks
Total
100 (100) Marks
Awards of Marks:(a) Separation of mixture 10 (12), marks names of compounds 6 (8) marks,
of using correct methods 20 (26) marks.
(b) First stage 10 (14) marks. Second stage 14 (20) marks.
LABORATORY COURSE -1
(INORGANIC CHEMISTRY)
Qualitative analysis of mixture containing eight radicals including some
less common metal ion from among the following by common methods
(preferably semi –micro )
Basic Radicals
Ag, Pb, Hg,Cu, Cd, Bi, As, Sb, Sn, Fe, Al, Cr, Zn, Mn, Co, Ni, Ba, Sr, Ca,
Mg, Na, K, NH4, Ce, Th, Zr, W, Te, Ti, Mo, U, V, Be, Li, Au, Pt
Acid Radicals
Carbonate, Sulphate, Sulphide, Nitrite, Acetate, Fluoride, Chloride,
Bromide, Nitrate, Sulphate, Borate, Oxalate, Phosphate, Silicate,
Thiosulphate, Ferrocynide, Ferricynide, Chomate, Arsenite, Arsenate,
Paramagnate.
Quantitative analysis:- Involving two of the following in ores, alloys or
mixture in solution – one by Volumetric and other by Gravimetric method
Ag, Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn, Ba, Ca, Mg, chloride, sulphate.
Estimation of :(a) Phosphoric acid in commercial orthophosphoric acid.
(b) Boric acid in Borax.
(c) Ammoniun ion in ammonium salt.
(d) MnO2, in pyrolusite preparation of selected inorganic compounds and
study of their properties by various methods including IR, Electronic
spectra, Mossbauer, ERS spectra and magnetic susceptibility etc.
(1) VO(acac)2
(2) Cis – K [Cr(C2O4)(H2O2)]
(3) Na[Cr(NH3)(SCN)4]
(4) Mn(acac)3
(5) K3[Fe(C2O4)3]
(6) Prussian Blue, Turnbull’s Blue
(7) [Co (NH3)6][Co(No2)6]
(8) Hg[Co(SCN)4]
(9) [Ni(NH3)6]Cl2
(10) [Cu(NH3)4]SO4H2O
(11) Ni(dmg)2
(12) [Co(Py)2Cl2]
(13) Potassium trioxalato chromate (III) trihydrate
(14) Potassium dioxalato diaqueous chromate (III)
LABORATORY COURSE – II
(ORGANIC CHEMISTRY)
1.
Qualitative Analysis :Separation purification and identification of binary (one liquid and one
solid/both solid ) using TCL and column chromatography/ chemical
test/IR spectra may be used for function group identification.
Organic synthesis :Acetylation : of cholesterol and separation of cholesteryl acetate by
column chromatography.
Oxidation : Adipic acid by chromic acid, oxidation of cyclohexanol.
Grignard’s reaction : Triphenyl methanol from Benzoic acid.
Aldol condensation : Dibenzalacetone from Benzaldehyde.
Sandmeyer reaction : O-Chloro Toluene from O Toludine, O–
chlorobenzoic acid from Anthranilic acid.
Friedic Craft’s reaction : p-Benzoylpropanoic acid from succinic
anhydride and Benzene.
Aromatic electrophilic substitution : p-nitro aniline from p-bromo aniline.
Two Stage Preparation : p-Bromoacetanilide from aniline via acetanilide,
P-nitro acetanalide from aniline via acetanilide Benzoic acid. Product
may be characterized by spectral techniques.
2.
Quantitative analysis
Determination of the percentage number of hydroxyl groups by
acetylation method.
Estimation of amine/phenols using Bromide method or Acetylation
method.
Estimation of Carbonyl group by hydrazone method.
Estimation of lycine by titration.
Determination of equivalent weight of carboxyl compounds.
Estimation of carbonyl Group by titration/silver salt method.
M.Sc.Chemistry
SEMESTER –II
PAPER – I
INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
Note:- Eight Questions will be set. A student shall be required to attempt
any five questions .
Symmetry and group theory in Chemistry:Symmetry elements and symmetry operation, definition of group, subgroup, relation between orders of a finite group and its sub –group,
Conjuugacy relation and classes, point symmetry group, schonflies
symbols, representation of groups by matrices (representation for Cn,
Cnv, Cnh, Dnh etc. groups to be worked out explicity), Character of
representation, the
orthogonality theorem (without proof) and its
importance. Character tables and their use spectroscopy.
Electronics spectra and magnetic properties of transition metal
complex:Spectroscopic ground states, correlation, Orgel and Tanabe -Sugano
diagrams for transition metal complexes (d1-d9 states, calculations of
Dq, B and β parameters, charge transfer spectra, spectroscopic methods
of assignment of absolute configuration in optically active metal chelates
and their stereo-chemical information, anomalous magnetic moments,
magnetic exchange coupling and spin crossover.
Homogenous and
Heterogenous
Catalysis By Organometallic
Compounds :
Properties, types of reactions, isomerisation Wacker oxidation,
Hydroformylation water gas shift reaction, Template synthesis Zeigler
Natta polymerization of olefins Fischer Tropsch Process.
Crown ether complexes and cryptands, inclusion compounds.
Isopoly and Hetropoly acids and salts.
C-60 or Buckminsterfullerene
Metal clusters;
Higher boranes, carboranes, metalloboranes and metallocarboranes,
Metal carbonyl and halide clusters, compounds with metal- metal
multiple bonds.
Books suggested :
1. Principle and application of organometrantion metal chemistry, J. p.
Collman, L.S.Hegsdus, J.R.Norton and R.G.Finke. University Science
Books.
2. The organometallic chemistry of the transition metals, R.H.Cartee John
Wiley.
3. Metalo organic chemistry, A.J.Pearson Wiley.
4. Organometallic chemistry, R.C.Mehrotra and A. Singh, New age
international
M.Sc.Chemistry
SEMESTER –II
PAPER – II
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
Note:- Eight Questions will be set. A student shall be required to attempt
any five questions .
1.
Nucleophilic Substitution reaction :
(a) Alliphatic nucleophilic substitution :
The SN2, SN1 Mixed SN1, and SN2 and SET mechanisms. The
neighbouring group mechanism, neighbouring group participation by 6
and π bonds.
The SNi mechanism. Nucleophilic substitution at an allylic aliphatic
trigonal and a vinylic carbon. Reactivity effect of substrate structure,
attacking nucleophile, leaving group and reaction medium, ambident
nucleophile, regioselectiveity.
(b) Aromatic nucleophile substitution :
The The SNAr SN1, benzye and SRN1 mechanism and. Reactivity effect of
substrate structure, Leaving group and attacking nucleophile. The Von
Richter, Sommelet–Hauser and Smiles rearrangement.
2.
Addition to carbon-carbon Multiple bonds :
Mechanism and stereo- chemical aspect of addition reaction involving
electrophiles, nucleophiles and free radicals, regio and chemoselectivity,
Orientation and reactivity,Addition to cyclopropane ring. Hydrogenation
of double and triple bonds. Hydrogenation of aromatic rings,
Hydroboration, Michael reaction, Sharpless asymmetric epoxidation.
3.
Addition to carbon- Hetero Multiple bonds :
Mechanism metal hydride reduction of saturated and unsaturated
carbonyl compound, acids, esters and nitriles. Addition of Grignard
reagents, organozinc
and organolithium reagents to carbonyl and
unsaturated carbonyl compounds. Mechanism of condensation reactions
involving enolates–Aldol Knoevenagel, Claisen, Mannich, Benzoin, Perkin
and stobbe reaction . Hydrolysis of ester and amide, ammonolysis of
esters.
4.
Elimination Reactions :
The E2, E1 and E1cB mechanism and their spectrum, orientation of
double bond. Reactivity – effects of substrate structure attacking base,
the leaving group and the medium.
5.
Molecular rearrangement reaction :
General mechanistic approach to molecular rearrangement reaction,
Carbocation rearrangement, Migratory aptitude and Memory effects Brief
study of following rearrangement reactions pinacol-pinacolone,
Favoroskii Baeyer-Villigers oxidation, Stork enamine reaction Shapiro
reaction, Michael addition, Sommelet rearrangement, Witting’s
rearrangement, Grovenstein-Zimmerman rearrangement.
6.
Pericyclic Reaction:Molecular orbital symmetry. Frontier orbitals of ethylene 1, 3–butadiene
1, 3, 5-hexatriene and allyl system. Classification of pericyclic reactions,
Woodward-Hoffmann correlation diagrams. FMO and PMO approach.
Electro cyclic reaction-Conrotatory and disrotatory motions, 4n, 4n+2
and allyl system.
Cycloadditions –antarfacial and suprafacial addition ,4n and 4n+2
System,2+2 addition of ketenes, 1, 3, -dipolar cycloadditions and
cheleotropic reactions. Sigmatropic rearrangement. Suprafacial and
antarafacial shift of H,sigmatropic shifs involving carbon moieties, 3, 3and 5, 5 –sigmatropic rearranfement.Claisen,Cope and aza-Cope
rearrangement . Fluxional tautomerism, Ene reaction
Books Suggested :1. Advance organic chemistry – Reaction Mechanism and structure, Jerry
March, John Wiley.
2. Modern Organic Reaction - H. O.House Benjamine.
3. Principle of Organic Synthesis –RO.C Norman and J.M. Coxon,Blackie
Academic &Professional.
4. A Guide Book to Mechanism in Organic Chemistry Peter Sykes,
Longman.
5. Structure and Mechanism in Organic Chemistry –C.S. Ingold, Cornell
University Press.
6. Reaction Mechanism in Organic chemistry –S.M. Mukherjee and S.P.
Singh, Macmillan.
M.Sc.Chemistry
SEMESTER –II
PAPER – III
PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY
Note:- Eight Questions will be set. A student shall be required to attempt
any five questions .
1.
Quantum Chemistry :
a. Electronic Structure of Atoms :Electronic configuration, Russell –Saunders terms
and coupling
schemes, Slater- condon parameters, term separation energies of the pn
configuration, term separation energies
of the
dn configuration,
magnetic effects, spin–orbit coupling and zeeman splitting, introduction
to the methods of self–consistent field, the virial theorem.
b. Molecular Orbital Theorem:
Huckel theory of conjugated system, bond order and charge density
calculations. Applications to ethylene, butadiene, cyclopropenyl radical,
cyclobutadiene etc. Introduction to extended Huckel theory.
2.
Chemical Dynamics :Methods of determining rate laws, collision theory of reaction rates, steric
factor, activated complex theory, Arrhenius equation and the activated
complex theory, ionic reactions, kinetic salt effects, steady state kinetics,
kinetic and thermodynamic control of reactions, treatment of
unimolecular reactions. Dynamic chain (hydrogen–bromine reaction,
pyrolysis of acetaldehyde, decomposition of ethane), photochemical
(hydrogen-bromine and hydrogen-chlorine reactions )and oscillatory
reaction (Belousov-Zhabotinsky reaction), homogenous catalysis, Kinetic
of enzymes reactions, general features of fast reactions, study of fast
reactions by flow method, relaxation method, flash photolysis and the
nuclear magnetic resonance method. Dynamics of molecular motions,
probing the transition state, dynamics of barrierless chemical reaction in
solution, dynamics of unimolecular reaction (Lindemann-Hinshelwood
and Rice–Ramsperger-Kassel-Marcus[RRKM] theories of unimolecular
reaction).
3.
Macromolecules:Polymer – definition, types of polymers, electrically
conducting
fire
resistant, liquid crystal polymers, kinetics of polymerization, mechanism
of polymerization. Molecular mass, number and mass average molecular
mass, molecular mass determination (osmometry, viscometry, diffusion
and light scattering method), sedimentation, chain configuration of
macro molecules, calculation of average dimensions of various chain
structures.
4.
Electro chemistry :
Electrochemistry of solutions. Debye-Huckel-Onsager treatment and its
extension, ion solvent interactions. Debye-Huckel-Jerum mode.
Thermodynamics of electrified interface equations. Derivations of
electrocapillarity, Lippmann equations (surface excess), methods of
determination. structure of electrified interfaces. Guoy-chapman stern.
Graham-Devanathan-Mottwatts, Tobin, Bockris, Devanathan models.
Over potentials, exchange current density, derivation of Butler-Volmer
equation, Tafel plot. Quantum aspects of charge transfer at electrodessolution, interfaces, quantization of charge transfer, tunneling.
Semiconductor interfaces-theory of double layer at semiconductor,
electrolyte solution interfaces, structure of double layer interfaces. Effect
of light at semiconductor solution interface.
Electrocatalysis-influence of various parameters, Hydrogen electrode.
Bioelectrochemistry , threshold membrane phenomena, Nernst-planck
equation,
Hodges-Huxley
equations,
core
conductor
models,
electrocardiography, polarography theory, Ilkovic equation, half wave
potential and its significance.
Introduction to corrosion, homogenous theory, forms of corrosion,
corrosion monitoring and prevention methods.
Books Suggested:1. Chemical kinetics –K.J.Laidler, Mc Graw –Hill.
2. Kinetics and Machanism of chemical Transformation –J- Rajaraman and
J. Kuriacose ,Mc Millan.
3. Modern Electrochemistry Vol.Land Vol.II,-J.O.M.Bockris and A. K.N.
Reddy, Plenum .
4. Introduction to Polymer Science- V.R.Gowarikar, N.V. Vishwanathan and
J. Sridhar , Wiley Eastern.
M.Sc.Chemistry
SEMESTER –II
PAPER – IV
DIFFRACTION METHODS, COMPUTER AND BIOLOGY FOR CHEMIST
Note:- Eight Questions will be set. A student shall be required to attempt
any five questions .
A.
Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
(i) Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
Nuclear spin, nuclear resonance, shielding of magnetic nuclei, chemical
shift and its measurements, factors influencing
chemical
Shift,
desheilding, spin- spin interactions, factors influencing Coupling
constant ‘J’ classification (ABX,AMX,ABC,A2B2 etc), spin decoupling;
basic ideas about instrument, NMR, studies of nuclei other than proton13C, 19F and 31P FT NMR, advantage of FT NMR, use of NMR in medical
diagnostics .
(ii) Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy
Basic Principles, zero field splitting and Kramer’s degeneracy, factors
affecting the ‘g’ value. Isotropic and an –isotropic hyperfine coupling
constant, spin Hamiltonion, spin densities and McConnell relationship,
measurement techniques, applications.
X-ray Diffraction
Bragg condition , Miller indices, Laue method . Bragg method, DebyeScherrer method of X-ray structural
analysis of crystals, index
reflection, identification of unit cells from systematic absences in
diffraction pattern. Structure of simple lattices and X-ray intensities.
structure factor and its relation to intensity and electron density. Phase
problem. Description of the procedure for an X-ray structure analysis,
absolute configuration of molecules, Ramchandran diagram.
Neutron Diffraction
Scattering of neutrons by solid and liquids, magnetic scattering,
measurement
techniques. Elucidation of structure of magnetically
ordered unit cell.
Electron Differaction
Scattering intensity vs. Scattering angle, Wierl equation, measurement
technique, Elucidation of structure of simple gas phase molecules. Low
energy electron diffraction and structure of surfaces.
B.
Computer for chemists
This is a theory cum – laboratory course with more emphasis on
laboratory work
Introduction to computer and computer Programming in C
(!) Computer Fundamentals
Introduction to computer organization, operating System, DOS,
Introducation to UNIX and Windows, computer languages. Principle of
Programming, Algorithm and flow charts.
(!!) Programming in C
Structure of a C Programming, constants, variables, operators and
expression, data input and output, decision making, branching and
looping statements, arrays, user defined functions, pointers, structures
and unions.
c. Programming in chemistry and use of computer programmes
(!) Development of small computer codes involving simple formulae in
chemistry, such as Van–der Walls equations, pH titration, Kinetics,
radioactive decay evaluation of lattice energy and ionic radii, secular
equation (within Huckel Theory), Elementary structural features, such as
bond length, bond angles, dihedral angle etc. of a molecule extracted
from a data base such as Cambridge data base.
(!!) Introduction and use of computer package MS WORD and EXCEL,
preparation of graphs and charts.
C.
Biology for chemists
(i) Carbohydrates
Conformation of monosaccharides, structure and function of important
derivatives of monosaccharides like glycosides, deoxy sugars, myoinsitol,
amino sugars, N-acetylmuramic acid, sialic acid disaccharides and
polysaccharides. structural polysaccharide cellulose and chitin. Storage
polysaccharides-starch and glycogen, structure and biological function of
glucosaminoglycans
or
mucopolysaccharides,
Carbohydrates
of
glycoproteins and glycolipids. Role of sugars in biological recognition,
blood
group substance. Ascorbic acid, Carbohydrates metabolismKrebs’s cycle, glycogenesis and glycogenolysis, gluconeogenesis, pentose
phosphate pathway.
(ii) Nucleic acids
Purine and pyramiding bases of nucleic acids, base pairing, via Hbonding. Structure of ribonucleic acids (RNA) and deoxyribonucleic
(DNA), double helix model of DNA and forces responsible for holding it,
chemical and enzymatic hydrolysis of nucleic acids. The chemical basis
of heredity, an overview of replication of DNA transcriptions, translation
and genetic code. Chemical synthesis of mono and trinucleoside.
Books suggested
1. Modern spectroscopy , J.M.Hollas, John Wiley.
2. Applied Electron Spectroscopy for chemical analysis Ed. E. stic spectroscopy
Windawi and F.L.Ho. Wiley Interscience.
3. N.M.R,NQR, EPR and Mossbauer spectroscopy in Inorganic chemistry ,
R.V.Parish, Ellis Harwood.
4. Introduction to Magnetic Resonance, A Carrington and A.D. Maclachalan ,
Harper&Row.
5. Computer and common Sense- R. Hunt and J. Shelley, Prentice Hall.
6. Computer chemical chemistry –A.C. Noms.
7. Microcomputer Quantum Mechanism- -J.P. Kilingbeck, A lam Huger.
8. Computer Programming in fortran IV-V.Rajaraman , Prentice Hall.
9. An Intriduction to Digital Computer Design –V. Rajaaraman and
T.Radhakrishnan, prentice Hall.
10. Principle of Biochemistry –A.L.Lehninger , Worth Publishers.
11. Biochemistry L-.Stryer, W.H. Freedom.
12. Biochemistry –J. David Rawn, Nell Patterson .
13. Biochemistry – Voet and Voet , John Wiley.
14. Outlines of Biochemistry –E.E. Conn and P.K. Stumpf, John Wiley.
M.Sc.Chemistry
SEMESTER –II
Examination scheme for Practical Examination
The Board of Examiners- one external and one internal for each branch
will meet to decide the exercises and other matter in connection with the
conduct of Practical examination.
Lab Course - I
Lab Course - II
Branch
Physical
Analytical
Marks
100
100
Duration
5 hours
5 hours
Sessional marks will be awarded by external examiner in consultation
with the internal examiner.
Marks for ex-students are given in parenthesis.
PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY;
(a) One Practical exercise
(b) Viva – voice and manipulation
(c) Sessional
Total
60 (80) Marks
20 (20) Marks
20 (-) Marks
100 (100) Marks
As far as possible all the exercise, as laid down in the syllabus be set.
The scale of marking will be determined by examination in accordance
with the nature of exercise.
INSTRUMENTAL/ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
(a) Two exercises at least one of these will be based on instrumental
analysis.
60 (80) Marks
(b) Viva – voice and manipulation
20 (20) Marks
(c) Sessional
20 (-) Marks
Total
100 (100) Marks
As far as possible all the exercise, as laid down in the syllabus be set.
The scale of marking will be determined by examination in accordance
with the nature of exercise.
LABORATORY COURSE -1
(PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY)
Adsorption :
To study surface tension – concentration Relationship for solution (Gibbs
equation)
Phase Equilibria :
(1) Determination of congruent composition and temperature of a binary system
(e.g. diphenylamin – benzophenone system)
(2) Determination of glass titration temperature of a given salt (e.g.
CaCl2)conductometrically.
(3) To construct the phase diagram for three component system (e.g. chloroform–
acetic acid – water).
Chemical Kinetics :
(1) Determination of the effect of (a) change of temperature (b)change of
concentration of reaction and catalyst and (c) Ionic strength of the media on
the velocity , constant of hydrolysis of an ester / ionic reaction .
(2) Determination of the velocity constant of hydrolysis of an ester/ ionic reaction
in miceller media.
(3) Determination of the rate constant for the oxidation of iodide ions by hydrogen
peroxide studying the kinetics as an iodine clock reaction.
(4) Determination of the Rate constant of decomposition of hydrogen peroxide by
ferric ion.
(5) Determination of the primary salt effect on the kinetics of ionic reaction and
testing of the Bronsted relationship (iodide ion is oxidized by persulphate ion .
Solutions
(1) Determination
of
molecular
weight
of
non-volatile
and
nonelectrolyte/electrolyte by crysoscopic methods and to determine the activity
coefficient of an electrolyte.
(2) Determination of the degree of dissociation on of weak electrolyte and study the
deviation from ideal behaviour that occurs with a strong electrolyte.
Conductometry
(1) Determination of the velocity constant , order of the reaction and energy of
activation for saponification of ethyl acetate by sodium
hydroxide
conductometrically.
(2) Determination of solubility and solubility product of sparingly soluble salt(eg.
PbSO4,BaSo4) conductometrically .
(3) Determination of the strength of strong and weak acids in a given mixture
conductometrically.
(4) Determination of the activity coefficient of zinc ions in the solution of 0.002 M
zinc sulphate using Debye Huckel limiting law.
Potentiometers /PH metry;
(1) Determination of Determination of the the strength of halides in a mixture
potentiometrically.
(2) Determination of the valency of mercurous ion potentiometrically.
(3) Determination of the strength of strong and weak acid in given mixture using a
potentiometer/ pH meter
(4) Determination of temperature dependence of EMF of a cell.
(5) Determination of the formation constant of silver-ammonia complex and
stoichiometry of the complex potentiometrically.
(6) Acid-baae titration using a pH meter.
(7) Determination of activity and activity coefficient of electrolyte.
(8) Determination of the dissociation constant of acetic acid pH metrically
(9) Determination of the dissociation constant of monobasic/dibasic acids by
Albert-Serjeant method.
(10) De termination of thermodynamic constant. G. and S, H for the reaction by
e.m.f. method. Zn+H2SO4=ZnSO4 +2H
LABORATORY COUR -II
ANALYTICALCHEMISTRY (INSTRUMENTATION AND COMPUTERS
(1) Error analysis & Statistical data analysis
Error, type of error, minimization of errors, statistical for error analysisStandard deviation, relative standard deviation, Linear Least Square.
Calibration of volumetric apparatus flask, weight box etc.
(2) Volumetric analysis
Basic principles. Determination of iodine, Acid, and saponification
values of oil sample. Determination of DO, COD, BOD, Hardness of water
samples.
(3) Gravimetric analysis;
Determination of metal ions eg.Ni Cu., etc.by gravimetric methods using
organic
precipitants
such
as
dimethylglyoxime
dithizoe,
8hydroxyguinoline, etc
(4) Chromatography
Separation of cations and anions by- (a) Paper chromatography (b)
Column chromatography.
(5) pH metry/potentiometry : Determination of strength of acids etc.
(6) Flame photometry/AA/FIA/Colorimetry
Determination of cations/anions and metal: eg.Na, Fe, Mo, Ni, Cu, Zn,
K+, Ca+2, SO42-, NO-2,
(7) Spectrophotometry :
Verification of Beer-Lambert Law. Molar absoptivity Calculation,
plotting graph to obtain  max etc. Effect of pH in aqueous coloured
system. Determination of metal ions eg. Fe, Cu, Zn, Pb etc. using
inorganic reagent like SCN and organic chelating agent like dithiozone,
cuferron, 8-hydroxyquinoline etc. in aqueous/organic phase in the
presence of surface active agents.
(8) Nephelometry/ Turbidimetry
Determination of chloride,sulphate,phosphate, turbidity etc.
(9) Application of computer in chemistry
As specified in theory paper in sect II (a)
Polarimetry
(1) Determination of rate constant for hydrolysis/inversion of sugar using
a polarimeter.
(2) Enzyme kinetics- inversion of sucrose.
Books suggested
1. Vogel’s textbook of Quantitative Analysis ,Bassett, R, C. Denny, G.H.
Jeffer and J. Mentham, ELBS
2. Synthesis and Characterization of inorganic compounds, N. L. Jolly,
Prentice Hall.
3. Experiments and techniques in organic chemistry, D. Pasto,C. Johnson
and M. Miller, Prentice Hall.
4. Macroscale and microscale organic experiments, K.L.Williamson
D.C.Health.
5. Systematic qualitative organic analysis ,H. Middleton, Edward Arnold.
6. Handbook of organic analysis-Qualitative and Quantitative, H.Clarke
Edward Arnold.
7. Vogel’s Textbook of practical organic chemistry, A.R.Tatchel, John Wiley.
8. Practical Physical Chemistry, A.M. James and F.E.Prechard Longman.
9. Findley’s Practical Physical Chemistry, B/P Levitt, Longmann.
10. Experimental Physical Chemistry, R.C.Das And B. Behher, Tata Mc Graw
Hill.
M.Sc.Chemistry
SEMESTER –III
PAPER – I
APPLICATION OF SPECTROSCOPY
Note:- Eight Questions will be set. A student shall be required to attempt
any five questions .
1.
Vibrational Spectroscopy :
Symmetry and shape of AB2,AB3,AB4,AB5 and AB6.Mode of bonding and
ambidentate ligands, ethylene diamine and diketonato complexes,
Application of resonance Raman spectroscopy particularly for the study
of active site of metalloproteins.
2.
Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy
Hyperfine coupling, spin polarization for atoms and transition metal ions,
spin-orbit coupling and significance of g-tensors, application to
transition metal complexes( having one unpaired electron) including
biological systems.
3.
Mossabauer Spectroscopy
Basic principles, spectral parameter and spectrum display Application of
the technique to the studies of (i) bonding and structure of Fe+2 and Fe+3
compounds including those of intermediate spin, (ii) Sn+2 and Sn+4
compounds –nature of M-L bond, coordination number, structure (iii)
detection of oxidation state and inequivalent MB atoms.
4.
Optical Rotatory Dispersion (ORD) and Circular Dichoroism (CD) :
Definition, deduction of absolute configuration, Octant rule for Ketones.
5.
Ultraviolet and Visible Spectroscopy
Various electronic transitions (185-800 nm), Beer- Lambert Law, effect of
solvent
on
electronic
transitions,
ultraviolet
bands
for
carbonyl
compounds, unsaturated carbonyl compounds, dienes, conjugated
polyenes . Fieser – Woodward rules for conjugated dienes and carbonyl
compounds, ultraviolet spectra of aromatic and heterocyclic compounds.
Steric effect in biphenyls.
6
Infrared Spectroscopy :
Instrumentation and sample handling.
Characteristic vibrational
frequencies of alkanes, alkenes, alkynes,aromatic compounds, alcohols,
ethers, phenols and amines. Detailed study of vibrational frequencies
ofcarbonyl
anhydrides
compounds
,lactones,
(ketones,
lactams
aldehydes,
and
esters
amides,
conjugated
acids,
carbonyl
compounds). Effect of hydrogen bonding and solvent effect on vibrational
frequencies, overtones.
7.
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy :
General introduction and definition, chemical shift, spin–spin interaction,
shielding mechanism. mechanism of measurement, chemical shift values
and correlation for protons bonded
to carbon (aliphatic, olefinic,
aldehydic and aromatic) and other nuclei (alcohol, phenols enols
carboxylic acid, amines, amides and mercapto.) Chemical exchange,.
Effect of deuteration, complex spin-spin interaction between two, three,
four and five nuclei (first order spectra). Virtual coupling.
Stereochemistry, Hindered rotation, Kar-plus curve variation of coupling
constant with dihedral angle. Simplification of complex spectra-Nuclear
magnetic double resonance, Contact shift reagents, solvent effects.
Fourier transform
technique,Nuclear Overhauser Effect (NOE),
Resonace of other nuclei –F,P. The contact and pseudo contact shift
,factors affecting nuclear relaxation, some applications including
biochemical system.
8.
C-13 NMR Spectroscopy
General consideration, chemical shift (aliphatic, olefinic, alkyne,
aromatic, hetero aromatic and carbonyl carbon ) coupling constants.
Two dimension NMR spectroscopy – COSY, NOESY, DEPT, INEPT, APT
and INADEQUATE techniques.
Books suggested
1. Physical methods for chemistry,R.S. Drago,Saunders Company.
2. Structural methods in Inorganic Chemistry, E.A.V. Ebsworth, D.W.H.
Rankin and S.Cradock, ELBS.
3. Infrared and Raman spectra ;Inorganic and coordination compounds K.
Nakamoto , Wiley.
4. Progress in Inorganic chemistry, vol.8, ed. F.A. Cotton, vol. 15,ed. S.J.
Lippard, Wiley.
5. Transition Metal Chemistry ed. R.L. Carlin vol.3, Dekker.
6. Inorganic Electronic Spectroscopy,A.P.B.Lever Else.
7. NMR, NQR, EPR and Mossbauer spectroscopy in Inorganic chemistry R.
V. Parish, Ellis Horwood.
8. Practical NMR spectroscopy, M.L. Martin, J. J. Delpeuch and G.J.
Martin, Heyden.
9. Spectrometric identification of organic compounds, R.M.Silverstein,
G.C.Bassler and T.C.Morill, John Wiley.
10. Introduction to NMR Spectroscopy,R.J.Abraham,J. Fisher and P. Loftus,
Wiley.
11. Application of spectroscopy of organic compounds J.R.Dyer Prentice Hall.
12. Spectroscopic Methods in organic chemistry, D. H. Williams, I. Fleming
,Tata Mc Graw Hill.
M.Sc.Chemistry
SEMESTER –III
PAPER – II
BIOINORGANIC CHEMISTRY
Note:- Eight Questions will be set. A student shall be required to attempt any
five questions.
1. i. Metal ions in biological system
Essentials and Trace metals
ii. Na+/K+ Pump
Role of metal ions in biological processes
iii. Metal storage Transport and Biomineralisation
Ferritin, transferring and siderophores
iv. Calcium in Biology
Calcium In living cells, transport and regulation, molecular. Aspects of
intermolecular process,extracellular binding proteins.
v. Metal –Nucleic Acid Interaction
Metal ion and Metal complex interactions, Metal complexesnucleic acids.
vi. Metals in Medicine
Metal deficiency and diseases, toxic effects of metals, metals used for
diagnosis and chemotherapy with particular reference to anticancer
drugs.
2.
i. Bioenergetics and ATP cycle
DNA polymerization, glucose storage,metal complexes in transmission of
energy, chlorophylls, photosystem I and photosystem II in cleavage
of water, Model systems.
ii. Transport and storage of Dioxygen
Heme proteins and oxygen uptake, structure and function of hemoglobin,
myoglobin, hemocynin and hemerythrin, model synthetic complexes of
iron, Co and Cu.
iii. Electron transfer in Biology
Structure and function of metalloprotein in electron transport processescytochromes and iron-sulphur proteins, synthetic models.
iv. Bioenergetics
Standard free energy change in biochemical reactions, exergonic
endergonic,.Hydrolysis of ATP,synthesis of ATP from ADP.
v. Nitrogenase :
Biological nitrogen fixation,Mo-Nitrogenase spectroscopic and other
Evidences, other nitrogenase and model system.
3. i. Enzyme Models
Host-guest chemistry, chiral recognition and catalysis. Molecular
recognition, Molecular asymmetry and prochirality, Biomimetic
chemistry, Crown ether cryptates, cyclodextrin cyclodextrin-based
enzyme models Calixarenes, ionophores, micelles, synthetic enzymes or
synzymes.
ii. Metalloenzymes
Zinc enzymes-carboxypepsidase and carbonic anhydrase, Iron enzymescatalase peroxidase and cytochrome P-450, Copper enzymes-superoxide
dismutase,
Molybdenum
oxtranferase
enzyme-xanthine
oxidase,Coenzyme vitamine B12.
Books Suggested:
1. Principles of Bioinorganic Chemistry, S.J. Lippard and J. M.Berg,
university Science Books.
2. Bioinorganic chemistry, I. Bertini, H.B. Gray, S. J. Lippard and J. S.
Valentine University science book.
3. Inorganic Biochemistry Vol. I and II ed.G. L. Eichhorn, Elsevier
4. Progress in Inorganic Chemistry, Vol. 18 and 38 ed. J. J. Lippard, Wiley.
5. Understanding Enzymes, Trevor Palmer, Prentice Hall.
6. Enzyme structure and mechanism, A Fersht , W.H. Freeman.
M. Sc.Chemistry
SEMESTER –III
PAPER – III
ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY
Note:- Eight Questions will be set. A student shall be required to attempt any
five questions.
1.
Environment:
Introduction, composition of atmosphere, vertical temperature, heat budget of
the earth atmospheric system, vertical stability atmosphere, Bio-chemical
cycles of C, N, P, S & O. Bio-distribution of elements.
2.
Hydrosphere:
Chemical composition of water bodies – lakes, streams, rivers and wet lands
etc. Hydrological cycle, aquatic pollution : inorganic, organic, Pesticide,
agricultural, industrial and sewage, detergents, oil spills and oil pollutants.
Water quality parameters – dissolved oxygen, biochemical oxygen demand,
solids, metals content Chloride sulphate, phosphate, nitrate, microorganism.
Water quality standards. Analytical methods for measuring BOD, DO, COD, F,
oils, metals (As, Cd, Hg, Pb,Se,etc.). Residual chlorine and chlorine demand.
Purification and treatment of water.
3.
Soils
Composition, micro and macro nutrients, Pollution-Fertilizers, pesticides,
plastics and metals, waste treatment.
4.
Atmosphere
Chemical composition of atmosphere-particle, ions and radicals and their
5.
formation. Chemical and photochemical reaction in atmosphere, smog
formation, oxides of N, C, S, O and their effect.
Air Pollution and their Control
Pollution by chemicals, petroleum minerals, chlorofluorohydrocarbons, Green
house effect, acid rain, air pollution controls and their chemistry. Analytical
methods for measuring air pollutants, continuous monitoring instruments.
6.
Industrial Pollution
Cement, sugar, distillery, drug paper and pulp. Thermal power plants, nuclear
power plants, Radionuclide analysis, Disposal of waste and their management.
7.
Environmental toxicology
Chemical solution to environmental problems, biodegradability, principles of
decomposition, better industrial processes. Bhopal gas tragedy, Chernobyl,
Three mile island, Sewozo and Minimata disaster.
Books suggested
1 Environmental chemistry, S. E. Mahan, Lewis Publisher
2. Environmental chemistry, Sharma & Kaur , Krishna Publisher.
3. Environmental chemistry, A. K.De, Wiley Eastern
4. Environmental Pollution Analysis, S. M. Khopkar Wiley Eastern
5. Standard Method of chemical Analysis, F. J. Welcher Voi. IIIVan Nostrand
Reinhold Co.
6. Environmental Toxicology ,Ed. J. Rose, Gorden and Breach Pulication
M. Sc.Chemistry
SEMESTER –III
PAPER – IV
CHEMISTRY OF NATURAL PRODUCT
Note:- Eight Questions will be set. A student shall be required to attempt any
five questions.
1.
Terpenoids and Carotenoids:Classification, nomenclature, occurrence isolation, general methods of
structure determination, isoprene rule, structure determination,
stereochemistry, biosynthesis and synthesis of the following
representative molecules : Citral,Geraniol,£-Terpeneol Menthol, Farnesol
Zingiberene, Santonin, Phytol, Hbietic acid and β- Carotene.
2.
Pyrethrods and Rotenone:Synthesis and reaction of Pyrethroids and Rotenones (For structure
elucidation emphasis is to be placed on the use of spectral parameter
wherever possible.
3.
Porphyrins:Structure and synthesis of Haemoglobin and chlorophyll.
4.
Alkalods :Definition, nomenclature and physiological action, occurrence isolation,
general methods of structure elucidation, degradation, classification
based on nitrogen heterocyclic ring,
role of alkaloids in
plants ,structure stereochemistry, synthesis and biosynthesis of the
following : Ephedrine,Nicotine (+) Conine, Atropine, Quinine and
Morphine.
5.
Plant Pigments:
Occurrence, nomenclature and general methods of structure
determination, isolation and synthesis of Apigenin, Luteolin, Quercetin,
Myrcetin, Quercetin-3 glucoside, Vitexin, Diadzein Butein, Aureosin,
Cyanidin-7 arabinosids, Cyanidin, Hirsutidin. Biosynthesis of flavonoids
: Acetate pathway and Shikimic acid pathway.
6.
Steroids
Occurrence, nomenclature, basic skeleton, Diel’s hydrocarbon and
stereochemistry. Isolation, structure determination andsynthesis of
Cholesterol, bile acids,androsterone, testosterone, esterone, progesterone
, aldosterone. Biosynthesis of steroids.
Books suggested
1. Natural products:Chemistry and biological significance, J. Mann, R.S.
Davidson, J.B. Hobbs, D. V. Banthrope and J.B. Harbone Longman,
Essex.
1. Organic Chemistry Vol. 2 I. L. Finar ELBS.
2. Sterioselective synthesis: A Practical approach. M.Nagradi, VCH.
3. Rodd’s Chemistry of carbon compounds, Ed.S. Coffey, Elsevier.
4. Chemistry, Biological and Pharmacological Properties of medicinal plants
from the Americas, Ed. Kurt Hostettmann, M. P. Gupta and A. Marston,
Harwood Academic Publishers.
5. Introduction to Flavonoids, B.A. Bohm Harwood Academic Publishers.
6. New Trends in Natural Product Chemistry, Atta-ur-Rahman and M. I.
Choudhary Harwood Academic Publishers.
7. Insecticides of natural origin, Sukh Dev, Harwood Academic Publishers.
M. Sc.Chemistry
SEMESTER –III
LABORATORY COURSE I - GENERAL
12 Hrs. (Spread over two days ) M. M. 200
Note: The laboratory course (General) will be of 12 hrs. duration. The
examinee will have to perform three experiments (one each from Section
A, B and C). These experiments will be of 40 marks each. 40 marks each
will be allotted for viva –voce and sessional work.
SECTION – A [ INORGANIC CHEMISTRY]
INSTRUMENTAL METHODS AND ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES :
A.
Spectrophotometric Determinations
i. Manganese/Chromium / Vanadium in steel sample
ii. Nickel /Molybdenum /Tungston /Vanadium /Uranium by extractive
spectrophotometric method.
iii. Fluoride /Nitrite /Phosphate /Nitrate
iv. Iron phenanthroline complex : Job’s method of continuousvariations.
v. Zirconium Alizarin Red-S complex _ Mole- Ratio method.
vi. Copper Ethylene diamine complex: Slope- Ratio method
vii. Iron thiocyanate complex.
B.
pH metry
Stepwise proton-ligand and metal ligand stability constant of complexes
by Irving –Rossoti method.
C.
Polarography
Composition and stability constants of complexes
D.
Flame Photometric Determinations
i. Sodium And potassium when present together
ii. Lithium / Calcium /Barium /Strontium
iii. Cadmium and magnesium in tap water
E.
Nephelometric Determinations
i. Sulphate
ii. Phosphate
iii. Silver
F.
Separation and Quantitative Estimation of Binary and Ternary
Mixtures by the use of the following Separation Techniques
i. Paper chromatography –Cadmium and zinc, Zinc and Magnesium
ii. Thin Layer Chromatography –Separation of nickel,manganese and cobalt.
iii. Ion- Exchange
iv. Solvent extraction
v. Electrophoretic separation
SECTION –B [ ORGANIC CHEMISTRY ]
A.
Quantitative organic Analysis
i. Estimation of sulphur by Messenger’s method
ii. Estimation of nitrogen by Kjeldahl method.
iii. Estimation of halogen by Fusion method.
B.
Functional Group Estimation
i. Estimation of Aniline
ii. Estimation of amino gp. of by acetylation method
iii. Estimation of hydroxyl gp. of by acetylation method
iv. Estimation of carbonyl gp. of by hydrazone formation method
C.
Chromatography
Separation and identification of the sugars present in the given mixture
of Glucose, fructose, and sucrose by paper chromatography and
determination of Rf values.
SECTION- C [PHYSICAL AND ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY]
PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY:
A.
Conductometry
i. To verify Debye Huckel and Onsager law for strong electrolyte .
ii. To derermine the degree of hydrolysis and hydrolysis constant of
NH4Cl/Aniline hydrochloride at room temperature .
iii. To determine the basicity of an organic acid.
v. To determine the equivalent conductance of an electrolyte at infinite
dilution and determine the dissociation constant.
B.
Colorimetry
i. To determine the indicator constant pKin of methyl red spectrophotometrically .
ii. To verify additivities of absorbances of a mixture of a coloured substance
in a Solution using KMnO4 and K2Cr2O7 solution.
C.
PH metry
i. To determine pK of given disbasic and tribasic acid .
ii. To determine the pH of various mixtures of acetic acid and Na–acetate in
aqueous solution and hence determine the dissociation constant of the
acid.
D.
Potentiometry
i. Titrate ferrous ammonium sulphate against KMnO4 /K2Cr2O7 and
determine Redox potential of ferric system.
ii. To determine ionization constant of polybasic acid .
E.
Distribution Coefficient
i. To determine the formula of the complex formed between cupric ion and
Ammonia by distribution method.
ii. To Determine the equilibrium constant of the following reaction :
Kl + I2
KI3
F.
Partial Molar Volume
Determine the partial molar volume of NaCl in aq. Solution at room
temperature.
ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY:
i. Preparation of homo and hetero- poly acids of Sb, V, Nb, Ta, Cr, Mo, W
etc. and their properties.
ii. Determination of pKa of weak acids by pH metric and spectrophotometric
methods
iii. Determination of distribution ratio and distribution coefficient of organic
and inorganic compounds.
iv. Separation of organic compounds by chromatographic techniques i. e.
TLC, paper Chromatography, column chromatography electrophoresis
etc.
v. Analysis of carbohydrates, amino acids,proteins, alkaloids etc.
vi. Analysis of pharmaceutical materials, preservatives, flavour, additives
etc.
vii. Application of redox titration for analysis of Sn (IV ), Fe (III), Cr (VI) and
Mn (VII)
viii. Analysis of ore, mineral, alloy.
ix. Determination of equilibrium constant and composition of complexes.
x. Determination of dimerisation /polymerization constant.
Books suggested
1. Text book of quantitative analysis by A. I. Vogel.
2. Experimental physical chemistry by Das & Behra.
3. Practical physical chemistry by Alexander Findlay.
M.Sc.Chemistry
SEMESTER –IV
PAPER – I
PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND SOLID STATE CHEMISTRY
Note:- Eight Questions will be set. A student shall be required to attempt any
five questions.
1.
Mass Spectroscopy
Introduction, ion production, EI, FD, and FAB factors affecting
fragmentation, ion analysis, ion abundance. Mass spectral fragmentation
of organic compounds, Common
functional groups, molecular ion
peak, metastable peak,. McLafferty rearrangement. Nitrogen rule, High
resolution mass spectrometry. Examples of mass spectral fragmentation
of organic compounds with respect to their structure determination.
2.
Photochemical reactions :
Interaction of electromagnetic radiation with matter, types of excitations,
fate of excited molecules, quantum yield, transfer of excitation energy,
actinometry.
3.
Determination of reaction mechanism :
Classification, rate constant and life times of reactive energy states –
determination of rate constants of reactions. Effect of light intensity on
the rate of photochemical reactions. Types of photochemical reactionsphoto-dissociation, gas- phase photolysis.
4. i. Photochemistry of Alkenes
Intermolecular reactions of olefinic bond,geometrical
cyclisation reactions, rearrangement of 1, 4 and 1, 5 dienes.
isomerism,
ii. Photochemistry of carbonyl compounds
Intramolecular rections of carbonyl compounds – saturated, cyclic and
acyclic, β, y unsaturated and £, β unsaturated compounds,
cyclohexadienones. Intermolecular cycloaddition reaction – dimerisation
and oxitane formation
iii. Miscellaneous Photochemical Reactions
Photo-Fries reaction of anilides. Photo-Fries rearrangement.Barton
reaction, singlet molecular oxygen reactions,photochemical formation of
smog.Photodegradation of polymers,photochemistry of vision.
iv. Photochemistry of aromatic compounds
Isomerisation, addition and substitution.
5. i. Solid state reaction
General principles, experimental procedures, coprecipitation as a
precursor to solid state reactions,kinetics of solid state reaction.
ii. Electronic properties and Band Theory :
Metals, insulators and semiconductors, electronic structure of solidsband theory, band structure of metals,insulators and semi
conductors,Intrinsic
and
extrinsic
semiconductors,
doping
semiconductors, p-n junctions superconductors. Optical propertiesoptical reflectance, photoconduction-photoelectric effects. Magnetic
properties: classification of materials, quantum theory of para-magnetics,
co- operative phenomenon.magnetic domains, hysteresius.
iii.
Organic solids :
Electrically conducting solids, organic charge transfer complex,organic
metals, new super conductors.
Books suggested :
a. Fundamentals of photochemistry, K. K. Rohtagi-Mukherjee Wiley Eastern
b. Essentials of molecular photochemistry, A. Gilbert and J.Baggot,
Blackwell Scientific Publication
c. Molecular photochemistry, N.J.Turro, W.A.Benjamin
d. Introductory photochemistry,A.Cox and T. Camp McGraw Hill.
e. Photochemistry, R.P.Kundall and A. Gilbert, Thomson Nelson.
f. Organic photochemistry, J. Coxon and B.Halton,Cambridge University
Press
g. Solid State Chemistry and its application, A. R. West, Plenum.
h. Principles of the solid state, H. V. Keer, Wiley Eastern.
i. Solid State Chemistry, N. B. Hannay.
j. Solid State Chemistry D.K. Chakraborty,Wiley Eastern.
h. Spectroscopic Methods in organic D.H.Williams, I.Fleming, Tata McGraw
Hill.
M.Sc.Chemistry
SEMESTER –IV
PAPER – II
BIOORGANIC, BIOPHYSICAL CHEMISTRY
Note:- Eight Questions will be set. A student shall be required to attempt any
five questions
1.
Introduction :
Basic considerations, Proximity effects and molecular adaptation.
2.
Enzymes :
Introduction and historical perspectives, chemical and biological
catalysis, remarkable properties of enzymes like catalytic power,
specificity and regulation; Nomenclature and classification, extraction
and purification, Fischer’s Lock and Key and Koshlands Induced fit
Hypothesis. Concept and identification of active site by the use of
inhibitors, affinity labeling and enzyme modification by site directed
muta-genesis, Enzyme kinetics, Reversible and irreversible inhibition.
3.
Mechanism of Enzyme Action :
Transition-state theory, orientation and steric effect, acid base catalysis,
covalent catalysis, strain or distortion. Examples of some typical enzyme,
Mechanism
for
chymotrypsin,
ribonuclease
lysozyme
and
carboxypeptidase A.
4.
Kinds of reaction catalysed by Enzymes :
Nucleophilic displacement on a phosphorous atom, multiple
displacement reaction and the coupling of ATP cleavage to endergonic
processes. Transfer of sulphate, addition and elimination reactions,
enolic intermediates in isomerisation reactions, β-cleavage and
condensation, some isomerisation and rearrangement reactions. Enzyme
catalysed carboxylation and decarboxylation.
5.
Coenzyme Chemistry :
Cofactors as derived from vitamins, coenzymes, prosthetic group
apoenzyme, structure and biological functions of coenzyme A, thiamine
pyrophosphate, pyrodoxyl phosphate,NAD+, NADP+, FMN,FAD, Lipoic
acid, Vitamin B12, Mechanism of reactions catalysed by above cofactors.
6.
Biotechnological Applications of Enzymes :
Large scale production and purification of enzymes, techniques and
methods of immobilization of enzyme activity, application of immobilized
enzymes, use of enzymes in food and drink industry-brewing and cheese
making, syrups from corn starch, enzymes as targets for drug design.
Clinical uses of enzymes, enzyme therapy, enzymes and recombinant
DNA technology.
7. i. Biological cell and its constituents :
Biological cell, structures and functions of proteins, enzymes, DNA and
RNA in living systems. Helix coil transition.
ii.
Cell Membrane and Transport of Ions :
Structure and function of cell membrane, ion transport
through
cell membrane, irreversible thermodynamic treatment of membrane
transport. Nerve conduction.
8.
Statistical Mechanics in Biopolymers
Chain configuration of macromolecule, statistical distribution end to end
dimensions, calculation of average dimensions for various chain
structures, polypeptide and protein structure, introduction to protein
folding problem.
9.
Biopolymer Interaction:
Forces involved in biopolymer interactions, Electrostatic changes and
molecular expansion, hydrophobic forces, dispersion force interactions,
Multiple equilibria and various types of binding processes in biological
system, H+ ion titration curves.
10.
Thermodynamics of Biopolymer Solutions:
Thermodynamics of biopolymer Solutions, osmotic pressure, membrane
equilibrium, muscular contraction and energy generation in mechano–
chemical system.
11.
Biopolymers and their Molecular weights :
Evaluation of size, shape, molecular weight and extent of
Hydration of
biopolymers by various experimental
Techniques, sedimentation
equilibrium, hydro dynamic Methods, diffusion, sedimentation velocity,
viscocity, electrophoresis and rotational motions.
Books Suggested :
1. Bioorganic Chemistry : A Chemical Appriach to Enzyme Action And C.
Penny, Springer – Verlag.
2. Understanding Enzymes, Trevor Palmer , Prentice Hall.
3. Enzyme Chemistry :Impact and Application ,Ed. Collin J. Sucking ,
Chapman and Hall.
4. Enzyme Mechanisms Ed.M.I.Page ans A. Williams , Royal Society of
Chemistry
5. Fundamentals of Enzymologu, N.C. price and L. Stevens, Oxford
University Press .
6. Immobilized
Enzymes:
An
Introduction
and
Applications
in
Biotechnology, Michael D. Trevan , John Wiley.
7 Enzymatic Reaction Mechanisms, C. Walsh, W.H. Freeman.
8. Enzyme structure and Mechanism, A Fersht, W.H. freeman
Biochemistry: The Chemical Reaction of Living Cells, D.E. Metzier,
Academic press .
9. Principles of Biochemistry, A.L. Lehninger , Worth Publishers.
10. Biochemistry, L. Stryer, W.H. Freeman.
11. Biochemistry, J.David Rawn, Neil Patterson.
12. Biochemistry, Voet and Voet John Wiley.
13. Outlines of Biochemistry, E.E. Conn and P.K. Stumpf, John
Wiley.
14. Bio organic Chemistry : A chemical approach to enzyme
Action,
H.Dugas and C. Penny, Springer-Verlag.
15. Macromolecules : Structure and function, F. Wold, Prentice Hall.
M.Sc.Chemistry
SEMESTER –IV
PAPER – III
ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
Note:- Eight Questions will be set. A student shall be required to attempt any
five questions.
1.
Introduction to analytical Chemistry :
Role of analytical chemistry. Classification of analytical methods –
classical and instrumental. Types of instrumental analysis. Selecting an
analytical method. Neatness and cleanliness. Laboratory operation and
practices .Analytical balance. Techniques of weighing, errors ,Volumetric
glassware- Cleaning and calibration of glassware. Sample preparations –
dissolution and decompositions. Gravimetric techniques, selecting and
handling of reagents, Laboratory notebooks, Safety in the analytical
laboratory.
2.
Errors and Evalution :
Definition of terms in mean and median, Precision-standard deviation,
relative standard deviation. Accuracy-Absolute error, relative error,
Types of error in experimental data- determinate (systematic),
indeterminate (random) and gross. Sources of errors and the effects
upon the analytical results. Methods for reporting analytical data
Statistical evalution of data-indeterminate errors. The uses of statistics .
3.
Analysis of Water Pollution :
Origin of waste water, types, water pollutants and their effects. Sources
of water pollution-domestic, industrial, agricultural soil and radioactive
wastes as sources of
pollution. Objectives of analysis- parameter for
analysis-colour, turbidity, total solids, conductivity, acidity alkalinity,
hardness, chloride sulphate, fluoride silica, phosphates, and different
forms of nitrogen.
Heavy metal pollution-public health significance of
cadmium, chromium , copper , lead , zinc manganese, mercury and
arsenic . General survey of instrumental technique for the analysis of
heavy metals in
aqueous systems. Measurement of DO,BOD and
COD,Pesticides as water pollutants and analysis,Water pollution Laws
and standards.
4.
Food Analysis:
Moisture, ash crude protein, fat, crude fibre, carbohydrates, calcium,
potassium,
sodium
adulterants
in
and
food,
phosphate.
contamination
Food
of
food
adulteration–common
stuffs.
Microscopic
examination of food for adulterants pesticide analysis in food products.
Extraction and purification of sample. HPLC. Gas chromatography for
organophosphates.
Thinlayer
chlorinated in food. products .
chromatography
for
identification
of
5.
Analysis of Soil , Fuel:
(a) Analysis of soil:moisture pH, total nitrogen, phosphorus, silica, lime,
magnesia, manganese, sulphur and alkali salts.
(b) Fuel analysis : solid, liquid and gas . Ultimate and proximate analysis –
heating values-grading of coal . Liquid fuels- flash point, aniline point,
octane number and carbon residue. Gaseous fuels–producer gas and
water gas- calorific value.
(c) Clinical chemistry analysis : Composition of blood collection and
preservation of samples. Clinical analysis , Serum electrolytes, blood
glucose, blood urea nitrogen, uric acid, albumin, globulins, barbiturates,
acid and alkaline phosphatases Immunoassay : principle of radio
immunoassay (RIA) and applications The blood gas analysis trace
elements in the body.
(d) Drug analysis: Narcotics and dangerous drug. Classification of drugs .
Screening by gas and thin layer chromatography and spectrophotometric measurements .
Book Suggested:
1. Fundamentals of Analytical Chemistry, D.A. Skoog Dm. West and F.J.
Holler,W.B. Saunders.
2. Analytical Chemistry – Principles, J.H. Kennedy , W.B. Saunders.
3. Analytical Chemistry – Principles and Techniques .J. G. Hargis, Prentice
Hall.
4. Principles of Instrumental Analysis, D.A.Skoog and J.L. Loary ,W.B.
Saunders.
5. Principles of Instrumental Analysis, D.A. Skoog, W.B. Saunders.
6. Quantitative Analysis, R.A. Day, Jr. and A.L. Underwood, prentice Hall.
7. Environmental Solution Analysis, S.m. Khopkar, Wiley Eastern.
8. Basic Concepts of Analytical Chemistry, S.M. Khopkar, Wiley Eastern.
9. Handbook of Instrumental Techniques for Analytical Chemistry, F. Settle,
Prentice Hall.
M.Sc.Chemistry
SEMESTER –IV
PAPER – IV
MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY
Note:- Eight Questions will be set. A student shall be required to attempt any
five questions.
1.
Drug Design
Development of new drugs, procedures followed in drug design, concept
of lead compound and lead modification, concept of prodrugs and
softdrugs, structure activity relationship (SAR), factors affecting
bioactivity, resonance, inductive effect, isosterism bioisosterism, spacial
concideration, Theories of drug activities : occupancy theory, rate theory
induced fit theory. Quantitative structure activity relationship history
and development of QSAR. Concept of drug receptors. Elementary
treatment of drug receptor interactions. Physico chemical parameters
lipophylicity, patition coefficient, electro-nic-ionization constants, steric,
Shelton and surface activity parameters and redox potentials. Free –
Wilson analysis, Hansch analysis, relationship between Free-Wilson and
Hansch analysis. LD-50. ED-50(Mathematical derivation of equation
excluded)
2.
Local Antiinfective Drugs:
Introduction and general mode of action. Synthesis of sulphonamides,
Furazoli-done, nalidixic acid, ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, dapsone, amino
salicylic acid ,isoniazid, ethiniomide, ethambutal, fluconazole , econozole,
griseofulvin , chloroquin and primaquin.
3.
Antimalarial :
Synthesis and properties of following antimalerials- Quinine, 8-amino
Quionoline derivatives, pamaquine, primaquine, pentaquine, isoentaquine, 4-amino quionoline derivatives- Santoqunine, Camaquine,
Acridine derivatives-Mepacrime, Azacrin paludrine, Pyremethamine .
4.
Pharmacokinetics :
Introduction to drug absorption, disposition,elimination using
pharmacokinetics, important pharmacokinetic parameters in defining
drug disposition and in therapeutics. Mention of uses of
pharmacokinetics in drug development process.
5.
Antineoplastic Agents :
Introduction, cancer chemotherapy, special problems, role of Alkylating
agents and antimetabolites in treatment of cancer. Mention of
carcinolytic
antibiotics
and
mitotic
inhibitors.
Synthesis
of
mechlorethamine, cyclophosphamide. melphalan, uracil, mustards, and
6- mercaptopurine. Recent development in cancer chemotherapy.
Hormone and natural Products.
6.
Cardiovascular Drugs
Introduction, cardiovascular diseases, drug inhibitors of peripheral
Sympathetic function, central intervention of cardiovascular output.
Direct acting arteriolar dilators. Synthesis of anyl nitrate, sorbitrate,
diltiazem, quinidine, verapamil, methyldopa , atenolol, oxyprenonol.
7.
Psychoactive Drugs- The Chemotherapy of Mind:
Introduction,
neurotransmitters,
CNS
depressants,
general
anaesthetics, mode of action of hypnotics ,sedatives, anti-anxiety drugs,
enzodiazipines, Buspirone, neurochemistry of mental diseases
Antipsychotic drugs–the neuroleptics, antidipressants, butyro-phenones,
serendipity and drug development stereochemical aspect of psychotropic
drugs.
Synthesis
of
diazepam,
oxazepam,
chlorazepam,
phenytoin,ethosuximide, trimethadione, barbiturates, thiopental sodium,
glutethimide.
8.
Antibiotics:
Synthesis of penicillin G, penicillineV, ampicillin, amoxicillin,
chloramphenicol, cephalosporin, tetracycline and streptomycin.
Books Suggested:
1. Introduction to Medicinal Chemistry, A Gringuage, Wiley-VCH.
2. Wilson and Gisvold’s Text Book of organic Medicinal and Pharmaceutical
chemistry, Ed. Robert F. Dorge.
3. An Introduction to Drug Design, S.S. Pandeya and J.R. Dimmock , New
Age International.
4. Burger’s Medicinal Chemistry and Drug Discovery, Vot.1 (Chapter-9 and
ch-14), Ed. M.E. Wolff, John Wiley.
5. Goodman and Gilman`s pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, McGrawHill.
6. The Organic Chemistry of Drug Design and Drug Action, R.B. Silverman,
Academic Press.
7. Strategies for Organic Drug Synthesis and Design, D. Lednice, John
Wiley.
M.Sc.Chemistry
SEMESTER –IV
LABORATORY COURSE - II
SPECIAL–ORGANIC
Max. Marks - 200
NOTE : Laboratory course for course will be of 12 hrs duration. The
examinee will have to perform three experiments (one each from Section
A,B. and C). These experiments will be of 40 marks each will be allotted
for viva–voce and sessional work.
SECTION- A
A.
Multi-step Synthesis of Organic Compounds :
i. Beckmann Rearrangement: Benzanilide from benzene (Benzene u
Benzophenone u Benzophenone oxime u Benzanilide.)
ii. Benzilic Acid Rearrangement: Benzilic acid from Benzoin (Benzoin u
Benzil u Benzilic acid)
iii. Skraup’s synthesis (Synthesis of heterocyclic compounds) Quinoline
from o-amino Phenol
iv. p-Bromo aniline from aniline (Aniline u Acetanilide u p-bromoacetanilide
u p-bromoaniline)
v. p-Nitroacetanilide from Acetanilide(Aniline u Acetanilide u pNitroacetanilide u -Nitroaniline)
vi. m-Nitroaniline from Benzene (Benzene u Nitrobenzene u mDinitrobenzene u m-Nitroaniline)
SECTION –B
B.
Extraction of Organic Compound From Natural Source:
i. Isolation of caffeine from tea leaves.
ii. Isolation of Casein from milk.
iii. Isolation of lactose from milk.
iv. Isolation of nicotine dipicrate from tobacco.
v. Isolation of Cinchonine from cinchona bark.
vi. Isolation of piperine from black pepper.
vi. Isolation of Lycopene from tomatoes.
viii.Isolation of β-carotene from carrots.
ix. Isolation of oleic acid from olive oil (involving the preparation of
complex with urea and separation of Linoleic acid).
x. Isolation of eugenol from cloves.
xi. Isolation of (+) limonine from citrus rinds.
C.
Spectroscopy
Indentification of organic compounds by the analysis of their spectral
data.
(UV, IR, PMR, CMR and MS)
D.
Spectrophotometeric Estimations:
(i) Amino acids
(ii) Carbohydrate
(iv) Aspirin
(v) Caffeine
(vii) Protein
E.
(iii) Ascorbic acid
(vi) Cholesterol
Problem solving-Interpretation of prerecorded spectra of high molecular
wt. compound.
SECTION-C
1.
Estimatios : Any one of the following estimation –
(i) Halogen (ref.2,p.416 )
(ii) Hydrogen group (ref.2,p.450)
(iii) Amino group (ref.2,p.463 )
(iv) Carboxy group (ref.2,p.445)
(v) Methoxyl group (ref.2,p.497) (vi) Sugars (ref.2,p.460)
2. Preparation of dyes –
i. Indigo (ref.1,p.980)
ii. Alizarin (ref.1,p.929)
iii. Malachite green(ref.3,p.344)
iv. Methyl orange (ref.1,p.624 ref.2,p.214 ref.3,p.243)
v. Phenyl azo b-naphthol (ref.1,p.622)
vi. Other dyes of industrial importance.
vii. Identification of a dye on textile fibers (ref.6,p.391,402 )
viii. Quantitative estimation of a dye in textile fibers (ref.5,p.519)
Ref. Books
1. A.I. Vogel, Practical Organic Chemistry 3rd Ed. Longman Group Ltd.
1956.
2. F.G. Mann and B.G. Saunders , Practical Organic Chemistry 4th ed.
Longman Group Ltd. 1974.
3. R.D. Brewster, C.A.Vannerwert, W.E. McQuwan United Experiments in
Organic chemistry, 2ndEd. D.Van Noster and Co. Inc, 1954.