This sample chapter is for review purposes only. Copyright © The Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. All rights reserved.
1
Introduction to AutoCAD
Learning Objectives
After completing this chapter, you will be able to:
✓ Define computer-aided design and drafting.
✓ Describe typical AutoCAD applications.
✓ Explain the value of planning your work and system management.
✓ Describe the purpose and importance of drawing standards.
✓ Demonstrate how to start and exit AutoCAD.
✓ Recognize the AutoCAD interface and access AutoCAD commands.
✓ Use help resources.
Computer-aided design and drafting (CADD) is the process of using a computer
with CADD software to design and produce drawings and models according to
specific industry and company standards. The terms computer-aided design (CAD) and
computer-aided drafting (CAD) refer to specific aspects of the CADD process. This chapter
introduces the AutoCAD CADD system. You will begin working with AutoCAD and
learn to control the AutoCAD environment.
computer-aided
design and
drafting (CADD):
The process of
using a computer
with CADD software
to design and
produce drawings
and models.
AutoCAD Applications
AutoCAD commands and options allow you to draw objects of any size or
shape. Use AutoCAD to prepare two-dimensional (2D) drawings, three-dimensional
(3D) models, and animations. AutoCAD is a universal CADD software program that
applies to any drafting, design, or engineering discipline. For example, use AutoCAD
to design and document mechanical parts and assemblies, architectural buildings,
civil and structural engineering projects, and electronics.
2D Drawings
command: An
instruction issued
to the computer to
complete a specific
task. For example,
use the LINE
command to draw
line objects.
option: A choice
associated with a
command or an
alternative function
of a command.
2D drawings display object length and width, width and height, or height and
length in a flat (2D) form. 2D drawings are the established design and drafting format
and are common in all engineering and architectural industries and related disciplines. A complete 2D drawing typically includes dimensions, notes, and symbols
that describe view features and information. This practice results in a document used
21
This sample chapter is for review purposes only. Copyright © The Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. All rights reserved.
Figure 1-1.
AutoCAD provides commands and options to accurately create 2D drawings for building
design and construction, such as this architectural floor plan of a home.
Figure 1-2.
A 3D AutoCAD model of a mechanical assembly. A—A wireframe visual style (left) and a
realistic visual style with color, lighting, and texture (right). B—A hidden visual display style
(left) and the same display viewed at an alternate angle and zoomed in (right).
64'-0"
28'-0"
36'-0"
14'-0"
1"
13'-44
14'-0"
1"
11'-102
6'-941"
6'-7"
1"
10'-94
1"
5'-114
1"
5'-114
www.madsendesigns.com
CONSULTANTS
Structural Engineer
4570 Structure Road
Building, IL 60477-6243
PHONE:
800.323.0440
FAX: 888.409.3900
GENERAL NOTES
PORCH
1.
C
16/0 X 12/0
C
C
3.
A
WP
3"
5'-54
3'-3"
36"
FIBERGLASS
SHOWER
SD
1"
3'-94
D
10/0 X 7/2
1"
3'-94
LIVING
13/2 X 21/1
VAULT
12'-0"
BATH
LFH
1"
7'-62
11/6 X 14/3
DOOR SCHEDULE
7
11
1"
14'-54
5
27/0 X 23/0
WALK-IN CLOSET
CABLE
CABLE
MASTER BEDROOM
GARAGE
10/0 X 5/0
10/0 X 10/5
9
10
GFCI
CLOSET
PORCH
CLOSET
6
SEE FRONT ELEVATION
6'-0" X 6'-8"
WOOD FRAME-TEMP SLDG GL
1
3'-0" X 6'-8"
SC SELF-CLOSING
1
4
3'-0" X 6'-8"
SC RP METAL INSULATED
5
16'-0" X 10'-0"
OVERHEAD GARAGE
1
6
2'-8" X 6'-8"
HC
6
HC
2
2'-0" X 6'-8"
1
1
HC
1
9
5'-0" X 6'-8"
BIFOLD
1
10
5'-0" X 6'-8"
SLIDING
1
11
2'-6" X 6'-8"
POCKET
1
6
GOODHEARTWILLCOX RESIDENCE
18604 West Creek Drive
Tinley Park, IL 60477-6243
OWNER
Goodheart-Willcox Publisher
18604 West Creek Drive
Tinley Park, IL 60477-6243
SYMBOL
SIZE
A
PHONE:
QUANTITY
800.323.0440
FAX: 888.409.3900
MODEL
ROUGH OPENING
6'-0" X 4'-0"
G646 SLDG
1" X 4'-0 1"
6'-0 2
2
B
4'-0" X 4'-0"
G446 SLDG
1" X 4'-6 1"
4'-0 2
2
1
ISSUES
C
6'-0" X 4'-0"
G644 SLDG
1" X 4'-0 1"
6'-0 2
2
2
MARK
D
4'-0" X 2'-0"
G426 SLDG
1" X 2'-05"
4'-0 2
8
1
www.g-w.com
3
DATE
DESCRIPTION
Wireframe Visual Style
B
A
A
B
1"
2'-94
LS
DINING
9/5 X 8/9
VAULT
3'-0" X 6'-8"
WINDOW SCHEDULE
10'-10"
BEDROOM #2
1
5'-5"
9/0 X 11/5
8
BRM
3'-9"
12'-0"
KITCHEN
1
3
2'-6" X 6'-8"
800.323.0440
FAX: 888.409.3900
QUANTITY
47'-0"
6
SD
A
REFR
SD
MODEL
2
5'-5"
2'-6"
1"
2'-102
HOOD W/ FAN
23'-0"
32'-0"
1"
5'-42
7
6
5'
FIBERGLASS
TUB /
SHOWER
1"
2'-42
BATH
2'-4"
3
6
LS
LFH
LINEN
SIZE
8
6
CLOSET
SYMBOL
7
GFCI
C
Electrical Engineer
2520 Electric Road
Power, IL 60477-6243
PHONE:
6' UP WALL
12'-0"
2
SD
24'-0"
4'-0"
B
4
A
2'-2"
2.
ALL PENETRATIONS IN TOP OR BOTTOM PLATES FOR PLUMBING OR
ELECTRICAL RUNS TO BE SEALED. SEE ELECTRICAL PLANS FOR
ADDITIONAL SPECIFICATIONS.
PROVIDE 1/2" WATERPROOF GYPSUM BOARD AROUND ALL TUBS,
SHOWERS, AND SPAS.
VENT DRYER AND ALL FANS TO OUTSIDE AIR THRU VENT WITH DAMPER.
AREAS
11'-0"
11'-0"
CABLE
SD
BEDROOM #3
10/10 X 10/7
A
HEATED
1381 SF
GARAGE
677 SF
FRONT PORCH
40 SF
REAR PORCH
192 SF
A
Realistic Visual Style
MANAGEMENT
PROJECT NUMBER: MDI-10001
FILE NAME: A-101
9'-0"
9'-0"
5'-6"
1"
9'-22
1"
5'-32
4'-0"
4'-0"
6'-0"
DRAWN BY: DPM
6'-0"
CHECKED BY: DAM
COPYRIGHT: GOODHEART-WILLCOX
wireframe model:
The most basic 3D
model—contains
only information
about object edges
and the points
where edges
intersect, known as
vertices; describes
the appearance of
the model as if it
were constructed
from wires.
surface model:
A 3D model that
contains information
about object edges,
vertices, and the
outer boundaries of
the object, known
as surfaces; surface
models have zero
thickness, lack
mass, and may not
enclose a volume.
solid model: The
most complex 3D
model—contains
information about
object edges,
vertices, surfaces,
and mass; solid
models enclose a
volume.
walkthrough: A
computer simulation
that replicates
walking through or
around a 3D model.
flythrough: A
computer simulation
that replicates flying
through or around a
3D model.
22
18'-0"
20'-0"
8'-0"
12'-0"
6'-0"
TITLE
FLOOR PLAN
FLOOR PLAN
SHEET
A-101
SCALE: 1/4" = 1'-0"
SHEET
3
OF
16
to manufacture or construct a product. 2D drawings are the conventional and often
required method of communicating a project. Figure 1-1 shows an example of a 2D
architectural floor plan created using AutoCAD. Use this textbook to learn how to
construct, design, dimension, and annotate 2D AutoCAD drawings.
Hidden Visual Style,
Zoomed to Model Extents
3D Models
3D models allow for advanced visualization, simulation, and analysis typically
not possible with 2D drawings. AutoCAD provides commands and options for developing wireframe, surface, and solid models. An accurate solid model is an exact
digital representation of a product. Add color, lighting, and texture to display a realistic view of the model. See Figure 1-2A. Use view tools to view the model from any
angle. See Figure 1-2B. Apply animation to a model to show product design or function. For example, you can perform a walkthrough of a model home or a flythrough
of a model civil engineering project. AutoCAD and Its Applications—Advanced
provides detailed instruction on 3D modeling and rendering.
Reference
Material
Glossary of CADD Terms
For a detailed glossary of CADD and AutoCAD terms, go to
the companion website, select the Resources tab, and select
Glossary of CADD Terms.
www.g-wlearning.com/CAD
AutoCAD and Its Applications—Basics
B
Alternate View Angle,
Zoomed to Specific Area
Before You Begin
Designing and drafting effectively with a computer requires a skilled CADD operator. To be a proficient AutoCAD user, you must have detailed knowledge of AutoCAD
commands and processes and know which command and process is best suited for
a specific task. You must also understand and be able to apply design and drafting
systems and conventions when using AutoCAD.
As you begin your CADD training, develop effective methods for managing
your work. First, plan your drawing sessions thoroughly to organize your thoughts.
Second, learn and use industry, classroom, or office standards. Third, save your
work often. If you follow these procedures, you will fi nd it easier to use AutoCAD
commands and methods, and your drawing experience will be more productive
and enjoyable.
Chapter 1
Introduction to AutoCAD
drawing sessions:
Time spent working
on a drawing
project, including
analyzing design
parameters and
using AutoCAD.
23
This sample chapter is for review purposes only. Copyright © The Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. All rights reserved.
Planning Your Work
A drawing plan involves thinking about the entire process or project in which
you are involved and determining how to approach it. Your drawing plan focuses on
the content you want to present, the objects and symbols you intend to create, and the
appropriate use of standards. You may want processes to be automatic or to happen
immediately, but if you hurry and do little or no planning, you may become frustrated
and waste time while drawing. Take as much time as needed to develop drawing and
project goals so that you can proceed with confidence.
During your early stages of AutoCAD training, consider creating a planning
sheet, especially for your first few assignments. A planning sheet should document
the drawing session and all aspects of a drawing. A freehand sketch of the drawing
is also a valuable element of the planning process. The drawing plan and sketch help
you establish:
v Drawing layout: area, number of views, and required free space
v Drawing settings: units, drawing aids, layers, and styles
v How and when to perform specific tasks
v What objects and symbols to draw
v The best use of AutoCAD and equipment
v An even workload
Reference
Material
Planning Sheet
For a sample planning sheet, go to the companion website,
select the Resources tab, and select Planning Sheet.
www.g-wlearning.com/CAD
Drawing Standards
standards:
Guidelines that
specify drawing
requirements,
appearance,
techniques, operating
procedures, and
record-keeping
methods.
drawing template
(template): A file that
contains standard
drawing settings and
objects for use in
new drawings.
24
Most industries, schools, and companies establish standards. Drawing standards
apply to most settings and procedures, including:
v File storage, naming, and backup
v Drawing template, or template, files
v Units of measurement
v Layout characteristics
v Borders and title blocks
v Symbols
v Layers
v Text, dimension, multileader, and table styles
v Plot styles and plotting
Company or school drawing standards should follow appropriate national
industry standards whenever possible. Although standards vary in content, the most
important aspect is that standards exist and are understood and used by all CADD
personnel. When you follow drawing standards, your drawings are consistent, you
become more productive, and the classroom or office functions more efficiently.
This textbook presents mechanical drafting standards developed by the American
Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) and accredited by the American National
Standards Institute (ANSI). This textbook also references International Standards
Organization (ISO) mechanical drafting standards and discipline-specific standards
when appropriate, including the United States National CAD Standard® (NCS) and
American Welding Society (AWS) standards.
AutoCAD and Its Applications—Basics
Reference
Material
Drawing Standards
For more information about drawing standards, go to the
companion website, select the Resources tab, and select
Drawing Standards.
www.g-wlearning.com/CAD
NOTE
You may consider other drafting standards when preparing drawings, such as the BSI, DIN, GB, GOST, and JIS standards.
Saving Your Work
Drawings are lost due to software error, hardware malfunction, power failure, or
accident. Prepare for such an event by saving your work frequently. Develop a habit of
saving your work at least every 10 to 15 minutes. You can set the automatic save option,
described in Chapter 2, to save drawings automatically at set intervals. However, you
should also frequently save your work manually.
Working Procedures Checklist
Proficient use of AutoCAD requires several skills. Use the following checklist to
become comfortable with AutoCAD, and to help you work quickly and efficiently:
✓ Carefully plan your work.
✓ Frequently check object and drawing settings, such as layers, styles, and properties, to see which object characteristics and drawing options are in effect.
✓ Follow the prompts, tooltips, notifications, and alerts that appear as you work.
✓ Constantly check for the correct options, instructions, or keyboard entry.
✓ Right-click to access shortcut menus and review available options.
✓ Think ahead to prepare for each stage of the drawing session.
✓ Learn commands, tools, and options that increase your speed and efficiency.
✓ Save your work at least every 10 to 15 minutes.
✓ Learn to use available resources, such as this textbook, to help solve problems
and answer questions.
Exercise 1-1
Complete the exercise on the companion website.
www.g-wlearning.com/CAD
BSI: British
Standards
Institution.
DIN: Deutsches
Institut Für Normung,
established by the
German Institute for
Standardization.
GB: Chinese
Guóbiao.
GOST:
Gosudarstvennyy,
maintained by the
Euro-Asian Council
for Standardization.
JIS: Japanese
Industrial
Standards.
alert: A pop-up that
indicates a required
action or potential
problem.
right-click: Press
the right mouse
button.
double-click:
Quickly press the
left mouse button
twice.
icon: Small graphic
representing an
application, file, or
command.
pick (click): Press
the left mouse button.
Starting AutoCAD
One of the quickest methods to start AutoCAD is to double-click on the AutoCAD
2013 Windows desktop icon. A second option is to pick the Start button in the lowerleft corner of the Windows desktop, then hover over or pick All Programs. Then select
Autodesk, followed by AutoCAD 2013, and finally AutoCAD 2013.
Chapter 1
Introduction to AutoCAD
button: A “hot
spot” button on
the screen that
you pick to access
an application,
command, or option.
hover: Pause the
cursor over an item to
display information or
options.
25
This sample chapter is for review purposes only. Copyright © The Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. All rights reserved.
The AutoCAD Interface
NOTE
AutoCAD 2013 operates with Windows 7 and specific versions of
Windows Vista and Windows XP. Do not be concerned if you see
illustrations in this textbook that appear slightly different from those
on your screen.
Exiting AutoCAD
Interface items include devices to input data, such as the keyboard and mouse, and
devices to receive computer outputs, such as the monitor. AutoCAD uses a Windowsstyle graphical user interface (GUI) with an Application Menu, ribbon, dialog boxes,
and AutoCAD-specific items. See Figure 1-4. You will explore specific elements of the
unique AutoCAD interface in this chapter and throughout this textbook. Learn the
format, appearance, and proper use of interface items to help quickly master AutoCAD.
As you learn AutoCAD, you may want to customize the graphical
user interface according to common tasks and specific applications.
AutoCAD and Its Applications—Customization and Programming
explains customizing the user interface.
Welcome Screen
If you attempt to exit before saving your work, AutoCAD prompts
you to save or discard changes.
Exercise 1-2
graphical user
interface (GUI):
On-screen features
that allow you
to interact with
software.
NOTE
Use the EXIT command to end an AutoCAD session. A common technique to
access the EXIT command is to pick the program Close button, located in the upperright corner of the AutoCAD window. Other ways to close AutoCAD are to doubleclick the Application Menu button in the upper-left corner of the AutoCAD window,
select the Exit AutoCAD 2013 button in the Application Menu, or, with a file open, type
EXIT or QUIT and press [Enter] . See Figure 1-3.
NOTE
interface: Items that
allow you to input
data to and receive
outputs from a
computer system.
AutoCAD
The Welcome Screen appears by default when you first launch AutoCAD. See
Figure 1-4. The Welcome Screen provides access to AutoCAD resources online,
including the AutoCAD help system. The Work column includes options for beginning
a new drawing or opening a saved file. You will learn more about starting new drawings and opening existing files in Chapter 2. The Learn column provides access to online
AutoCAD learning tools developed by Autodesk. The Extend column offers links to
additional AutoCAD and Autodesk resources online. Deselect the Display at Startup
NEW
default: A value
maintained by the
computer until
changed.
Complete the exercise on the companion website.
www.g-wlearning.com/CAD
Figure 1-4.
The default AutoCAD window with the Drafting & Annotation workspace active.
Application
Menu button
Figure 1-3.
Use any of several techniques to exit AutoCAD when you finish a drawing session.
Double-click
the Application Menu
button
Quick Access
toolbar
AutoCAD window
title bar
InfoCenter
Minimize
Maximize
Minimize,
maximize,
or close
drawing
window
Ribbon
Viewport
controls
Pick the
AutoCAD window
Close button
Close
View cube
Welcome
Screen
Navigation
bar
Y axis
Major
grid lines
Minor
grid lines
Crosshairs
Coordinate
system
icon
X axis
Type
26
Command
line
Pick
AutoCAD and Its Applications—Basics
Chapter 1
Origin (X=0, Y=0, Z=0)
Introduction to AutoCAD
Model space
and layout tabs
Status bar
27
This sample chapter is for review purposes only. Copyright © The Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. All rights reserved.
check box: A
selectable box that
turns an item on
(when checked)
or off (when
unchecked).
check box to prevent the Welcome Screen from appearing the next time you launch
AutoCAD. Then pick the Close button of the Welcome Screen to exit the screen and
begin working.
PROFESSIONAL TIP
Reload the Drafting & Annotation workspace to return interface items
to their default locations. You can reload the workspace by picking
the Workspace Switching button on the status bar and selecting the
Drafting & Annotation option.
NOTE
Type WELCOMESCREEN and press [Enter] to redisplay the Welcome
Screen after closing.
Exercise 1-3
Complete the exercise on the companion website.
www.g-wlearning.com/CAD
Workspaces
workspace:
A preset work
environment
containing specific
interface items.
drawing window
(graphics window):
The largest area
in the AutoCAD
window, where
drawing and
modeling occurs.
flyout: A set of
related buttons that
appears when you
pick the arrow next
to certain command
buttons.
The Drafting & Annotation workspace, shown in Figure 1-4, is active by default
when you launch AutoCAD. The Drafting & Annotation workspace displays interface
features above and below a large drawing window, also called the graphics window,
and contains the commands and options most often used for 2D drawing. To activate
a different workspace, pick the Workspace flyout on the Quick Access toolbar or
the Workspace Switching button on the status bar and select a different workspace.
See Figure 1-5.
The 3D Basics and 3D Modeling workspaces provide commands and options
appropriate for 3D modeling. The AutoCAD Classic workspace displays the traditional
AutoCAD menu bar, toolbars, and tool palettes. The list also includes any saved
custom workspaces.
Crosshairs and Cursor
The AutoCAD crosshairs is the primary means of pointing to and selecting objects
or locations within the drawing window. The crosshairs changes to the familiar
Windows cursor when you move it outside of the drawing area or over an interface
item, such as the status bar.
PROFESSIONAL TIP
Control crosshairs length using the text box or slider found in the
Crosshair size area on the Display tab of the Options dialog box.
Longer crosshairs can help to reference alignment between objects.
To display the Options dialog box, pick the Options button at the
bottom of the Application Menu, or right-click in the drawing area
and select Options….
NOTE
This textbook focuses on the default Drafting & Annotation workspace,
except in specific situations that require additional interface items.
The default model space drawing window background color is dark
gray, but this textbook shows a white background for clarity. Add
items and AutoCAD tools to the interface as needed. AutoCAD and
Its Applications—Advanced details the 3D Modeling workspace.
Figure 1-5.
Use the Workspace flyout on the Quick Access toolbar or the Workspace Switching button on
the status bar to change to a different workspace, create a new workspace, or customize the
user interface.
Workspace flyout
Workspace
Switching
Active
workspace
button
Quick Access toolbar
28
slider: A movable
bar that increases
or decreases a
value when you
slide the bar.
Tooltips
A tooltip displays when you hover over most interface items. See Figure 1-6.
Tooltip content varies depending on the item. Many tooltips expand as you continue to
hover. The initial tooltip might display the command name and a brief description of
the command. As you continue to hover, an explanation, illustration, or short video on
how to use the command may appear. Use the tooltip to help confirm and learn more
about your desired selection.
tooltip: A popup that provides
information about
the item over which
you hover.
Shortcut Menus
AutoCAD uses shortcut menus, also known as cursor menus, right-click menus,
or pop-up menus, to simplify and accelerate command and option access. When
you right-click in the drawing area while a command is not active, the first item
in the shortcut menu is typically an option to repeat the previous command or
operation. If you right-click while a command is active, the shortcut menu contains
context-sensitive menu options. See Figure 1-7. Some menu options have a
small arrow to the right of the option name. Hover over the option to display a
cascading menu, also known as a cascading submenu. The Recent Input cascading
menu shows a list of recently used commands, options, or values, depending on the
shortcut menu. Pick from the list to reuse a function or value.
Status Bar
AutoCAD and Its Applications—Basics
text box: A box
in which you type
a name, number,
or single line of
information.
Chapter 1
Introduction to AutoCAD
shortcut menu
(cursor menu,
right-click menu,
pop-up menu): A
general or contextsensitive menu
available by rightclicking on interface
items or objects.
context-sensitive:
Specific to the active
command or option.
cascading menu
(cascading
submenu): A menu
of options related
to the chosen menu
item.
29
This sample chapter is for review purposes only. Copyright © The Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. All rights reserved.
Floating and Docking
Figure 1-6.
Examples of tooltips that appear when you hover over an item.
Basic tooltip
showing the
name of a tool
or function
Several interface items, including the AutoCAD and drawing windows, can float
or dock. Some items, such as the drawing window, have a title bar at the top or side.
You can move and resize floating windows in the same manner as other windows.
However, you can only move and resize drawing windows within the AutoCAD
window. Different options are available depending on the particular interface item
and the float or dock status of the item. Typically, the close and minimize or maximize
options are available. Some floating items, such as sticky panels, include grab bars.
float: Describes
interface items that
appear within a
frame and can be
resized or moved.
Locking
grab bars: Two thin
bars at the top or left
edge of a docked
or floating interface
item, used to move
the item.
You can lock certain interface items to prevent them from moving accidentally in
either a floating or a docked state. To access locking options, pick the Toolbar/Window
Positions button on the status bar to access the menu shown in Figure 1-8.
Select an option to lock the interface items that reside in that group in a floating or
docked state. To unlock a group, select the option again. To lock or unlock all interface
items, select Locked or Unlocked from the All cascading menu. Move a locked feature
without unlocking it by holding down [Ctrl] while moving the feature.
dock: Describes
interface items set
into position on an
edge of the AutoCAD
window (top, bottom,
left, or right).
Exercise 1-4
Initial tooltip shown while
hovering over a tool
Figure 1-7.
Shortcut menus provide direct access to general or context-sensitive commands and options.
Cascading menu
of recent commands
Command-specific
options
Shortcut Menu
When a Command Is Active
Controlling Windows
Control the AutoCAD and drawing windows using the same methods you use
to control other windows within the Windows operating system. To minimize, maximize, restore, or close the AutoCAD window or individual drawing windows, pick the
appropriate button in the upper-right corner of the window. You can also adjust the
AutoCAD window by right-clicking on the title bar and choosing from the standard
window control menu. Window sizing operations are also the same as those for other
windows within the Windows operating system.
30
www.g-wlearning.com/CAD
Application Menu
The Application Menu is a menu system that provides access to application- and filerelated commands and settings. The Application Menu displays when you pick the Application
Menu button, located in the upper-left corner of the AutoCAD window. See Figure 1-9.
Pick to view and select
the most recent commands
Shortcut Menu When
No Command Is Active
Complete the exercise on the companion website.
Tooltip expands as you
continue to hover
AutoCAD and Its Applications—Basics
Application Menu
Print
> Page Setup
Using the Buttons and Menus
Items on the left side of the Application Menu function as buttons to activate common
application commands and, except for the Save button, also display menus. For example,
press the New button to begin a new file using the QNEW command. To display a menu,
hover over the menu name, or pick the arrow on the right side of the button. Long menus
include small arrows at the top and bottom for scrolling through selections. Some options
have a small arrow to the right of the item name that, when selected or hovered over,
expands to provide a submenu. Pick an option from the list to activate the command.
A command or option accessible from the Application Menu appears as a graphic in
the margin of this textbook. The graphic represents the process of picking the Application
Menu button, then selecting a menu button, or hovering over a menu, and picking a
menu or submenu option. The example shown in this margin illustrates accessing the
PAGESETUP command from the Application Menu, as shown in Figure 1-9.
Figure 1-8.
You can lock some
or all interface items
in position.
Lock specific types
of interface items
Toolbar/Window
Positions button
Chapter 1
Introduction to AutoCAD
Lock all
interface
items
31
This sample chapter is for review purposes only. Copyright © The Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. All rights reserved.
Figure 1-9.
Use the Application
Menu to access
common
application and
file management
commands and
settings, search
for commands,
and access open
and recently used
documents.
NOTE
Pick to activate
Application Menu button
Pick to
activate
Recent
Documents
Open Documents menu
The Recent Documents and Open Documents menus of the Application
Menu provide access to recent and active files, as described in
Search
tool
Chapter 2.
menu
Pick to
activate
a tool, or
hover to
display
a menu
Exercise 1-5
Complete the exercise on the companion website.
Pick to
scroll
through
additional
options
Active
menu
www.g-wlearning.com/CAD
Menu
Pick to
display
the Options
dialog box
Searching for Commands
Use the Application Menu search tool to locate and access any AutoCAD command
listed in the Customize User Interface (CUIx) file. Type a command name in the
Search text box. Commands that match the letters you enter appear as you type. Type
additional letters to narrow the search, with the best-matched command listed first.
Figure 1-10 shows using the Search text box to locate the SAVE command for saving a
file. Pick a command from the list to activate the command.
Quick Access Toolbar
Toolbars contain tool buttons. Each tool button includes an icon that represents an
AutoCAD command or option. As you move the cursor over a tool button, the button
highlights and may display a border and tooltip. Use the tooltip to become familiar with
the command. Select a tool button to activate the associated command. Some tool buttons
include flyouts. Select a flyout and then pick from the list to activate the command.
The default Quick Access toolbar appears on the title bar in the upper-left corner of
the AutoCAD window, to the right of the Application Menu button. See Figure 1-11. The
Quick Access toolbar provides fast, convenient access to several common commands.
One or two picks activate a command from the Quick Access toolbar. Most other interface items require two or more picks to activate a command.
When a drawing is open and the default Drafting & Annotation workspace is active, the
Quick Access toolbar contains New, Open, Save, Save As…, Cloud Options, Plot, Undo,
Redo, and Workspace buttons. When no drawings are open, the New, Open, and Sheet Set
Manager buttons display. The Quick Access toolbar is customizable by adding, removing,
Figure 1-11.
Figure 1-10.
Use the Application
Menu to search for a
command. Pick the
command from the
list to activate the
command.
Pick to display
a flyout
Use the Quick
Access toolbar to
Type the
name of a
command
here
access commonly
used commands.
Pick a command
button to activate
the corresponding
command or pick
a flyout to access
related or alternative
commands.
toolbars: Interface
items that contain
tool buttons or
drop-down lists.
tool buttons:
Interface items used
to start commands.
Pick to display options for
customizing the Quick Access toolbar
Default toolbar when
a drawing is open
Pick to
start the
command
Default toolbar when
no drawing is open
32
AutoCAD and Its Applications—Basics
Chapter 1
Introduction to AutoCAD
33
REDO
Quick Access
Redo
and relocating tool buttons. To make basic adjustments, pick the Customize Quick
Access Toolbar flyout on the right side of the toolbar. AutoCAD and Its Applications—
Customization and Programming further explains customizing the user interface.
A command or option accessible from the Quick Access toolbar appears as a
graphic in the margin of this textbook. The graphic represents the process of picking
a Quick Access toolbar button from the toolbar or flyout. The example shown in this
margin illustrates accessing the REDO command from the Quick Access toolbar to
redo a previously undone operation.
NOTE
Several toolbars appear in the AutoCAD Classic workspace. These
toolbars are usually application- or task-specific. The Application
Menu, Quick Access toolbar, and ribbon replace classic toolbars in
all other workspaces. Refer to AutoCAD and Its Applications—
Customization and Programming for information about displaying
toolbars and interface customization.
A command or option accessible from the ribbon appears in a graphic located in the
margin of this textbook. The graphic identifies the tab and panel where the command is
located. You may need to expand the panel or pick a flyout to locate the command. The
example shown in this margin illustrates using the ribbon to access the LINE command.
LINE
This sample chapter is for review purposes only. Copyright © The Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. All rights reserved.
Ribbon
Home
> Draw
Line
Ribbon Panels
The large tool button in a panel typically signifies the most often used panel command.
In addition to tool buttons, panels can contain flyouts, drop-down lists, and other items.
Some panels have a solid-filled triangle, or down arrow, next to the panel name. If you
see this down arrow, pick the title at the bottom of the panel to display additional related
commands and functions. See Figure 1-13. To show the expanded list on-screen at all
times, select the pushpin button in the lower-left corner of the expanded panel.
drop-down list: A
list of options that
appears when you
pick a button that
contains a down
arrow.
NOTE
When you pick an option from a ribbon flyout, the option becomes the
new default and appears in the ribbon. This makes it easier to select
the same option the next time you use the command.
Some panels include a small arrow in the lower-right corner of the panel. Pick this arrow
to access a dialog box or palette associated with the panel. For example, pick the arrow in the
lower-right corner of the Dimensions panel in the Annotate tab, as shown in Figure 1-13, to
display the Dimension Style Manager dialog box used to control the format of dimensions.
Exercise 1-6
Complete the exercise on the companion website.
www.g-wlearning.com/CAD
Basic Adjustment
Ribbon
tab: A small stub
at the top or side
of a page, window,
dialog box, or
palette that allows
access to other
portions of the item.
ribbon panels
(panels): Palette
divisions that group
commands.
The ribbon docks horizontally below the AutoCAD window title bar by default
and is the primary means of accessing commands and options. See Figure 1-12. The
ribbon provides a convenient location from which to select commands and options that
traditionally would require access by extensive typing, multiple toolbars, or several
menus. The ribbon allows you to spend less time looking for commands and options
and reduces clutter in the AutoCAD window.
The ribbon appears by default in all workspaces except the AutoCAD Classic workspace.
Use the tabs along the top of the ribbon to access collections of related ribbon panels, or
panels. Each panel houses groups of similar commands. For example, the Annotate tab
includes several panels, each with specific commands for creating, modifying, and formatting annotations, such as text. The tabs and panels shown when the Drafting & Annotation
workspace is active provide access to 2D drawing commands. Highlighted, contextsensitive tabs appear when some commands, such as the HATCH command, are active or
when you work in a unique environment, such as the Block Editor.
The ribbon appears maximized by default. You can minimize the display to show
only tabs, panel titles, or panel buttons by repeatedly pressing the Minimize button to
the right of the tabs, or by selecting the appropriate option from the Minimize flyout.
Picking the Minimize button corresponds to the Cycle through All flyout selection. When
Minimize to Tabs is active, pick a tab to show all panels in the tab. When Minimize to
Panel Titles is active, pick a panel title to display the panel. When Minimize to Panel
Buttons is active, pick a panel button to display the panel.
Right-click on a portion of the ribbon unoccupied by a panel to access the options
briefly described in Figure 1-14. AutoCAD and Its Applications—Customization and
Programming provides additional information on customizing the ribbon, including
repositioning tabs and panels, floating the ribbon, and creating and using a sticky panel.
NOTE
The Application Menu, Quick Access toolbar, and ribbon replace the traditional menu bar in workspaces other than the AutoCAD Classic workspace.
To display the menu bar, pick the Customize Quick Access Toolbar flyout
on the right side of the Quick Access toolbar and choose Show Menu Bar.
Figure 1-12.
The ribbon docked at the top of the drawing window is the most often used palette. Palettes
provide access to commands, options, properties, and settings.
Tabs
Flyout
button
34
Minimize flyout
Panels
Pick to expand
a panel
Drop-down list
Panel Pick to display a dialog
title box or palette associated
with the panel
AutoCAD and Its Applications—Basics
sticky panel: A
ribbon panel moved
out of a tab and
made to float in the
drawing window.
Figure 1-13.
An expanded panel
provides additional,
related commands and
functions. This example
shows the expanded
list of dimensioning
commands found in the
Dimensions panel in the
Annotate ribbon tab.
Chapter 1
Pick to pin the
expanded list
to the screen
Introduction to AutoCAD
Pick to display
the Dimension
Style Manager
35
This sample chapter is for review purposes only. Copyright © The Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. All rights reserved.
Figure 1-14.
Right-click options for displaying and organizing ribbon elements.
Selection
Result
Show Related Tool
Palette Group
Displays tool palette groups customized to associate with a
ribbon tab.
Tool Palette Group
Allows you to select which related tool palette groups to show.
Show Tabs
Allows you to choose which tabs to display; also available by
right-clicking on a panel.
Show Panels
Allows you to select which panels to display; also available by
right-clicking on a panel.
Show Panel Titles
Uncheck to hide panel titles.
Undock
Changes the ribbon to a floating state. Double-click the ribbon title
bar or drag and drop to dock the floating ribbon.
Close
Closes the ribbon. Use the RIBBON command to redisplay the ribbon.
Figure 1-15.
A—Pick the Properties button or right-click in the title bar and select Transparency… to
access the Transparency dialog box. B—The transparent Layer Properties Manager palette
positioned over a commercial building floor plan.
Auto-hide
button
Properties
button
Transparent palette
Palettes
palette (modeless
dialog box): Special
type of window
containing tool
buttons and features
common to dialog
boxes. Palettes can
remain open while
other commands are
active.
list box: A framed
area that contains
a list of items or
options from which
to select.
scroll bar: A bar
tipped with arrow
buttons used to
scroll through a
list of options or
information.
Palettes, also known as modeless dialog boxes, control many AutoCAD functions.
Palettes may look like extensive toolbars or more like dialog boxes, depending on the
function and floating or docked state. You can consider the ribbon a palette used to
access commands and options. Palettes contain tool buttons, flyouts, drop-down lists,
and many other features, such as list boxes and scroll bars. Unlike dialog boxes, you
do not need to close palettes in order to use other commands and work on the drawing.
Like the ribbon, panels divide some palettes into groups of commands. Large palettes
are divided into separate pages or windows, which you commonly access using tabs.
To display a palette, pick a palette button from the Palettes panel in the View ribbon tab.
You can also display most palettes using palette-specific access techniques. For example,
to access the Properties palette, pick the arrow in the lower-right corner of the Properties
panel in the Home ribbon tab; double-click on most objects in the drawing window; select
an object, right-click, and select Properties; or type PROPERTIES and press [Enter].
When you display a palette for the first time, it is often in a floating state, although you
can dock some palettes. Right-click on the palette title bar or pick the Properties button
to select from a list of undocked palette control options. The Auto-hide option allows the
palette to minimize when the cursor is away from the palette, conserving drawing space.
Deselect the Allow Docking palette property or menu option to disable the ability to dock
palettes. The Properties button or shortcut menu on some palettes includes other functions, such as the Transparency… option. Use the Transparency… option to make the
palette transparent in order to view drawing geometry behind the palette. See Figure 1-15.
A
B
Status Bars
AutoCAD provides an application status bar and a drawing status bar. The application status bar applies to all open files. The drawing status bar, when activated,
appears above the command line and is specific to each open file. Status bars are the
quickest and most effective way to manage certain drawing settings.
Application Status Bar
command line:
Area where you can
type commands
(command names)
and type or select
command options.
The application status bar appears along the bottom of the AutoCAD window.
See Figure 1-16. The application status bar includes areas that display and control a
variety of drawing aids and commands. The coordinate display field, located on the
left side of the application status bar, shows the location, or coordinates, of the crosshairs in drawing space. Status toggle buttons appear next to the coordinate display
field. Status toggle buttons appear as icons by default. To change the display from
icons to names, right-click on any status toggle button and deselect Use Icons.
status toggle
buttons: Buttons
that toggle drawing
aids and commands
on and off.
Figure 1-16.
Picking buttons on the application status bar is the quickest and most effective way to
manage certain drawing settings.
PROFESSIONAL TIP
Resize a floating palette using the resizing arrows that appear when you
move the cursor over the edge. Then pick the Auto-hide button to have quick
access to the palette while displaying the largest possible drawing area.
Coordinate display field
Layout and window
control buttons
Notification
tray
Application Status
Bar Menu flyout
Other controls
Exercise 1-7
Complete the exercise on the companion website.
www.g-wlearning.com/CAD
Status toggles
36
AutoCAD and Its Applications—Basics
Chapter 1
Introduction to AutoCAD
Annotative object tools
37
This sample chapter is for review purposes only. Copyright © The Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. All rights reserved.
The items on the right side of the application status bar control windows and the
drawing environment, activate commands, and adjust annotation scaling. This area
also includes a notification tray that identifies the status of and provides notifications
for some AutoCAD commands and processes.
NOTE
Dialog Boxes
You will see many dialog boxes during a drawing session, including those used
to create, save, and open files. Dialog boxes contain many of the same features found
in other interface items, such as icons, text, buttons, and flyouts. Figure 1-18 shows the
dialog box that appears when you use the INSERT command. The Insert dialog box
includes many common dialog box elements.
Right-click on the application status bar, away from the coordinate
display field or a button, or pick the Application Status Bar Menu flyout
to access options for modifying the display of the application status
bar. Uncheck an item on the list to hide the item from the status bar.
AutoCAD and Its Applications—Customization and Programming
further describes how to customize the status bar.
Drawing Status Bar
Select the Drawing Status Bar option from the application status bar shortcut menu
or check the Display Drawing status bar check box in the Display tab of the Options
dialog box to display a separate drawing status bar under the drawing window. The
annotation scaling commands and the notification tray move from the application
status bar to the drawing status bar. A Drawing Status Bar Menu flyout also appears.
See Figure 1-17. Drawing status bar settings are unique to each open file.
NOTE
A dialog box appears when you pick any menu selection or button
displaying an ellipsis (…).
Use the cursor to set variables and select items in a dialog box. Many dialog boxes
include icons, images, preview boxes, or other cues to help you to select appropriate options.
When you pick a button in a dialog box that includes an ellipsis (…), another dialog box
appears. You must make a selection from the second dialog box before returning to the
original dialog box. A button with an arrow icon requires you to select in the drawing area.
The AutoCAD interface includes several other unique items, such
as the viewport controls, view cube, navigation bar, and Model and
Layout tabs. Refer to Figure 1-4 to recognize these features. You will
explore these features and their specific control operations throughout
this textbook. Do not use or adjust these tools until you learn about
their function, because doing so can unexpectedly change the interface display and operation. Ensure that the Model tab is active.
Right-click on the coordinate display field or a button in the application or drawing status bar to view a shortcut menu specific to the
item. Picking options from a status bar shortcut menu is often the
most efficient method of controlling drawing settings.
Exercise 1-8
Exercise 1-9
Complete the exercise on the companion website.
Complete the exercise on the companion website.
www.g-wlearning.com/CAD
www.g-wlearning.com/CAD
Annotative object tools
move to drawing status bar
Drawing
Status Bar
Menu flyout
preview box: An
area in a dialog
box that shows
the results of the
options and settings
you select.
CAUTION
PROFESSIONAL TIP
Figure 1-17.
The drawing status bar, when displayed, is specific to the current file. Each open file has its
own drawing status bar.
dialog box: A
window-like item
that contains
various settings and
information.
Figure 1-18.
This dialog box
displays when
you issue the
INSERT command.
Drop-down
list
Button with ellipsis (…)
displays another dialog box
Check
box
Drawing status bar
Text
box
Application status bar
Command buttons
38
AutoCAD and Its Applications—Basics
Chapter 1
Introduction to AutoCAD
39
This sample chapter is for review purposes only. Copyright © The Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. All rights reserved.
OPTIONS
AutoCAD Options
Application Menu
Type
OPTIONS
OP
The Options dialog box contains AutoCAD system and drawing file options.
System options apply to the entire program. Drawing file options, identified by the
AutoCAD drawing icon, are file-specific and do not affect other drawings. Many
system options are available to help configure the work environment, such as the background color of the drawing window. This textbook focuses on the default system
options and references the Options dialog box when applicable.
Figure 1-19.
A—Use AutoComplete settings to help access commands when typing. Notice that the
suggestion list displays the command alias and name. B—Options for controlling AutoComplete.
Suggestion list
NOTE
You can also access the Options dialog box by right-clicking when no
command is active and selecting Options….
Dynamic Input
Command Line
A
Accessing Commands
Commands are available by direct access from the ribbon, shortcut menus,
Application Menu, Quick Access toolbar, palettes, status bar, viewport controls, view
dynamic input: Area
near the crosshairs
where you can
type commands
(command
names), type or
select command
options, and view
context-oriented
information.
AUTOCOMPLETE
LINE
command alias:
Abbreviated
command name
entered at the
keyboard.
Type
LINE
L
Type
AUTOCOMPLETE
cube, and navigation bar. An alternative is to enter the command using dynamic input
or the command line. To activate a command by typing, type the single-word command
name or the command alias and press [Enter] or the space bar, or right-click. You can use
uppercase, lowercase, or a combination of uppercase and lowercase letters. You can only
issue one command at a time.
You can activate any command or option by typing. Each command name and
alias, along with other access techniques available in the Drafting & Annotation workspace, appear in a graphic in the margin of this textbook. The example displayed in
this margin shows the command name (LINE) and alias (L) you can use to access the
LINE command.
AutoComplete settings are active by default to help locate and access any
AutoCAD command listed in the Customize User Interface (CUIx) file. Begin typing
a command name using dynamic input or the command line. Commands that match
the letters you enter appear in a suggestion list as you type. Type additional letters to
narrow the search, with the best-matched command listed first. Figure 1-19A shows
the results of typing a lowercase letter l. The lowercase l auto-appends to an uppercase
L by default. Hover over a command in the suggestion list to display a tooltip and
select the command you want to activate.
Use the AUTOCOMPLETE command to adjust AutoComplete preferences. An easy
way to access AUTOCOMPLETE command settings is to right-click on the dynamic
input suggestion list or on the command line, or pick the Customize button on the
command line and choose from the AutoComplete cascading menu. Figure 1-19B
briefly describes AutoComplete settings.
Selection
Selected
Suggestion List
Displays a list of recommended commands.
Selected
Display Icons
Icons appear with command names in the
suggestion list.
Selected
Display System
Variables
Includes system variables in the suggestion list.
Selected
Delay Time
Specifies the seconds before the suggestion list appears.
0.30 seconds
B
and prompts. As you work with AutoCAD, you will become familiar with the display
and location of commands. Decide which command selection techniques work best for
you. A combination of command selection methods often proves most effective.
PROFESSIONAL TIP
When typing commands, you must exit the current command before
issuing a new command. In contrast, when you use the ribbon or
other input methods, the current command automatically cancels
when you pick a different command.
NOTE
Even though you may not choose to access commands by typing
command aliases or names, you must still type certain values, as
explained in Chapter 3. For example, you may have to type the diameter of a circle or radius of an arc.
Deactivate the AutoComplete Auto-Append and Suggestion List
options to turn off AutoComplete. You can also use the ON and OFF
options of the AUTOCOMPLETE command to toggle the tool on and off.
40
AutoCAD and Its Applications—Basics
Default
Changes the entry to the preferred format.
NOTE
A benefit of accessing a command using a method other than typing is that you do
not need to memorize command names or aliases. Another advantage is that commands,
options, and drawing activities appear on-screen as you work, using visual icons, tooltips,
Result
Auto-Append
Reference
Material
Command Aliases
For a detailed list of command aliases, go to the companion
website, select the Resources tab, and select Command Aliases.
www.g-wlearning.com/CAD
Chapter 1
Introduction to AutoCAD
41
Type
DSETTINGS
DS
SE
coordinates:
Numerical values
used to locate a point
in the drawing area.
Dynamic Input
Dynamic input allows you to keep your focus at the crosshairs while you draw.
When dynamic input is on, a temporary input area appears in the drawing window,
below and to the right of the crosshairs by default. See Figure 1-20.
Depending on the command in progress, different information and options
appear in the dynamic input area. For example, Figure 1-21A shows the display after
starting the RECTANGLE command. The first portion of the dynamic input area is
the prompt, which reads Specify first corner point or. In this case, to draw a rectangle,
you need to pick in the drawing window or enter coordinates to specify the first
corner of the rectangle, or access other options as suggested by the “or” portion of
the prompt.
Press the down arrow key to display available command options. See Figure 1-21B.
Select an option using the cursor, or press the down arrow key again to cycle through
the options. Press [Enter] to select the highlighted option. You can also choose an
option by right-clicking and picking an option from the shortcut menu. The information displayed in the dynamic input area changes while you work with a command,
depending on the actions you choose. Figure 1-22 shows the dynamic input display
when the LINE command is active.
Figure 1-20.
Use dynamic input to type or select commands and values from a temporary input area near
the crosshairs. The command line is an alternative to, or can be used with, dynamic input
and offers utility not available with dynamic input.
Figure 1-21.
A—The dynamic
input fields that
appear after you
first enter the
Crosshairs
Prompt
Options are
available
Coordinate
RECTANGLE
command. B—Press
the down arrow key
to display command
options. Pick an
option with the
cursor, or use the
up and down arrow
keys to highlight the
desired option and
press [Enter] to select.
Figure 1-22.
Dynamic input
fields change while
a command is in
use. In this example,
the coordinates
of the crosshairs
appear first. Once
you select the
first endpoint, the
distance and angle
of the crosshairs
relative to the
first endpoint are
displayed.
Input area
Press the down arrow key on
the keyboard to display options
Use the cursor or
the up and down arrow
keys to select options
Current X location
of crosshairs
Current Y location
of crosshairs
Prompt
Selecting First Point
Current angle
from 0°
Crosshairs
Current
distance
from first
point
First point
of line
Selecting Next Point
NOTE
Toggle dynamic input on and off by picking the Dynamic Input button
on the status bar or pressing [F12]. You can issue commands without
dynamic input or the command line on.
Command Line
Command
line
42
Toggles dynamic
input on and off
Crosshairs
Typed
command name
AutoCAD and Its Applications—Basics
The command line, shown in Figure 1-20, provides the same function as dynamic
input but uses a more traditional command input format. The command line also
allows you to display extensive command history. Depending on your working preference, disable dynamic input to use only the command line, use the command line
with dynamic input, or disable the command line to use only dynamic input.
Each default AutoCAD workspace includes the command line. By default, the
command line docks at the bottom of the AutoCAD window, above the status bar.
If dynamic input is on, and you want to type a command at the command line, pick
the command line input area to display a text cursor. If dynamic input is off, typing a
command automatically takes place in the command line.
Chapter 1
Introduction to AutoCAD
AutoCAD
NEW
Ribbon
View
> Palettes
Command Line
Type
COMMANDLINE
[Ctrl]+[9]
43
COMMANDLINE
DSETTINGS
This sample chapter is for review purposes only. Copyright © The Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. All rights reserved.
This sample chapter is for review purposes only. Copyright © The Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. All rights reserved.
Depending on the command in progress, different information and options appear at
the command line. For example, Figure 1-23A shows the display after starting the CIRCLE
command. The prompt line shows an icon and the name of the active command followed by
a prompt, which reads Specify center point for circle or. In this case, to draw a circle, you need to
pick in the drawing window or enter coordinates to specify the center point of the circle, or
choose a different option as suggested by the “or” portion of the prompt. The square brackets
([]) contain available options. Select an option using the cursor or type the name of the option.
Each option has an alias, or unique highlighted uppercase character(s), that you can enter
at the prompt rather than typing the entire option name. You can also choose an option by
right-clicking in the drawing window and picking an option from the shortcut menu.
The information displayed at the command line changes while you work with a
command, depending on the actions you choose. The active prompt background is
white by default to distinguish it from prompt and command line history, which is
gray by default. Figure 1-23B shows the display after specifying the center point of the
circle and entering the Diameter option. At this prompt, the diameter must be specified. Some command prompts include angle brackets (<>) surrounding the default
option or value; press [Enter] to accept the default instead of typing the value again.
You can also move the command line from its docked location to float it in the
drawing window. To float the command line, pick and hold the grab bar at the left edge
and drag it into the drawing window. See Figure 1-24. Additional lines of command
history appear when the command line is floating. By default, three lines of history
appear. Some commands, such as the FILLET command, display current command
settings as the first line of prompt history after the command name for reference.
Figure 1-23.
A—The command line after you first enter the CIRCLE command. Follow the prompt or choose
an available option shown in square brackets ([]). B—Prompt history appears as you progress
through a command sequence. Press [Enter] to accept a default value shown in angle brackets (<>).
Pick to
hide the
command
line
Pick and drag
to float the command line
Pick to
customize the
command line
Pick to select
an option
Pick to view
and select a
recently used command
A
Prompt history
Active prompt
Options in
brackets
Default value in <>
Figure 1-25 briefly describes other elements of the floating command line. Note that all
the buttons listed in Figure 1-25 are also available when the command line is docked, except
for the Command History button, which only appears when the command line is floating.
You can also access many of these functions by right-clicking on the command line.
NOTE
The command line is a palette that can float, dock, or be resized. The
floating command line attaches to framed interface items, such as the
drawing window or ribbon, when you drag it near the item. Hold [Ctrl] to
float the command line near or over items without attaching or docking.
PROFESSIONAL TIP
While learning AutoCAD, pay close attention to prompts in the
dynamic input area and at the command line. Prompts guide you
through the operation.
Keyboard Shortcuts
Many keys on the keyboard, known as shortcut keys or keyboard shortcuts, allow you
to perform AutoCAD functions quickly. Become familiar with these keys to improve your
AutoCAD performance. To cancel a command or exit a dialog box, press the escape key
[Esc]. Some command sequences require that you press [Esc] twice to cancel the operation.
When no command is active, press the up arrow key as many times as necessary
to cycle through the sequence of previously used command names. Use the down
arrow key to return to a later command in the list. If dynamic input is active, previously used commands appear in the dynamic input box near the crosshairs by default.
To display previously used commands at the command line, pick the command line
before pressing the up arrow or turn off dynamic input. Press [Enter] to activate the
displayed command. You can also use the up and down arrow keys to reference previously used values while a command is active.
Function keys provide instant access to commands and are programmable to
perform a series of commands. Control and shift key combinations require that you
press and hold [Ctrl] or [Shift] and then press a second key. You can activate several
commands using [Ctrl] combinations. A tooltip or a display in a shortcut menu typically indicates if a key combination is available for a command.
Button
Current command settings
for reference
44
escape key:
Keyboard key
used to cancel a
command or exit a
dialog box.
function keys:
The keys labeled
[F1] through [F12]
along the top of the
keyboard.
Figure 1-25.
Additional command line functions.
B
Figure 1-24.
When the command line is floating, additional lines of command history appear for reference.
Floating command line
shortcut key
(keyboard
shortcut):
Single key or key
combination used to
issue a command or
select an option.
Pick to display
command line history
AutoCAD and Its Applications—Basics
Chapter 1
Name
Description
Command
History
Displays up to 50 lines of command history; scroll through
the list as needed to view earlier commands. Displays when
you press [F2]; hide using the same method you used to
access, or pick any visible portion of the graphics screen.
Recent
Commands
Lists recently used commands; pick a command to activate.
Customize
Provides options for adjusting AutoComplete settings,
the number of lines of prompt history, and transparency.
Close
Hides the command line.
Introduction to AutoCAD
45
This sample chapter is for review purposes only. Copyright © The Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. All rights reserved.
Reference
Material
Shortcut Keys
For a complete list of keyboard shortcuts, go to the companion
website, select the Resources tab, and select Shortcut Keys.
Figure 1-26.
The online Help window and the InfoCenter displayed in the AutoCAD window.
InfoCenter
Autodesk 360 button
Help
Autodesk
Exchange
Apps button
window
Expanded
www.g-wlearning.com/CAD
Help
flyout
Exercise 1-10
Complete the exercise on the companion website.
www.g-wlearning.com/CAD
Search
Getting Help
AutoCAD
text box
HELP
NEW
InfoCenter
Help
Type
HELP
?
[F1]
If you need help with a specific command, option, or AutoCAD feature, use this textbook as a guide. AutoCAD also includes a help system that you access online, by default,
through the Help window shown in Figure 1-26. The graphic shown in this margin identifies ways to access help and the Help window. You can also open the Help window from
the InfoCenter, described later in this chapter, or by selecting Help from a shortcut menu.
You can download and install help system files from Autodesk in order to view the
Help window offline. If you cannot view the online version, force AutoCAD to display
the installed help system by deselecting the Access online content when available check
box in the Help and Welcome Screen area on the System tab of the Options dialog box.
The Help window uses a format similar to a typical website with menus of links, navigation options, and a search function. To search the help system index for a specific topic, such
as a command or option, type in the Search text box, located near the upper-left corner of the
Help page. Use the drop-down list to filter the search. Menus available in the Help window
provide direct access to content such as tutorials, sample files, and Autodesk support.
PROFESSIONAL TIP
context-oriented
help: Help
information for the
active command.
Press [F1] while using a command to display context-oriented help.
This saves time when you are looking for help with the current
command and drawing task.
InfoCenter
The InfoCenter, located on the right side of the title bar in Figure 1-26, allows you
to search for help topics without first displaying the Help window. Enter a topic in the
text box to search for related information. The Help window appears with the search
results. Pick the Autodesk 360 button to log in to or create an Autodesk 360 account.
Autodesk 360 is an online resource that you can use to store files, access files from a
mobile device, and support file collaboration. Pick the Autodesk Exchange Apps button
to display the Autodesk Exchange website, where you can download applications to
complement Autodesk software. Select the Help button to access the Help window, or
choose a help system option from the Help flyout.
Exercise 1-11
Complete the exercise on the companion website.
www.g-wlearning.com/CAD
46
AutoCAD and Its Applications—Basics
Additional
Help menus
Chapter Review
Answer the following questions. Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper
or complete the electronic chapter review on the companion website.
www.g-wlearning.com/CAD
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
Describe at least one application for AutoCAD software.
Briefly explain what is involved in planning a drawing.
What are drawing standards?
Why should you save your work every 10 to 15 minutes?
What is the quickest method of starting AutoCAD?
Name one method of exiting AutoCAD.
What is the name for an interface that includes on-screen features?
Define or explain the following terms:
A. Default
B. Pick (or click)
C. Hover
D. Button
E. Function key
F. Option
G. Command
What is a workspace?
What is a flyout?
How do you change from one workspace to another?
How do you access a shortcut menu?
What does it mean when a shortcut menu is described as context-sensitive?
Chapter 1
Introduction to AutoCAD
47
This sample chapter is for review purposes only. Copyright © The Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. All rights reserved.
14. What is the difference between a docked interface item and a floating interface item?
15. How do you select the locking options to lock the interface items in either their
floating or docked state?
16. Explain the basic function of the Application Menu.
17. Describe the Application Menu search tool and briefly explain how to use it.
18. Briefly describe an advantage of using the ribbon.
19. What is the function of tabs in the ribbon?
20. What is another name for a palette?
21. Describe the function of the application status bar.
22. What is the meaning of the … (ellipsis) in a menu option or button?
23. Describe two methods for accessing AutoCAD commands and list interface items
associated with each.
24. Briefly describe the function of dynamic input.
25. Briefly explain the function of the [Esc] key.
26. How do you access previously used commands when dynamic input is on?
27. Name the function keys that execute the following tasks. (Refer to the Shortcut
Keys document in the Reference Material section on the companion website.)
A. Snap mode (toggle)
B. Grid mode (toggle)
C. Ortho mode (toggle)
28. Describe two ways to access the Help window.
29. What is context-oriented help, and how is it accessed?
30. Describe the purpose of the InfoCenter, and explain how to use the InfoCenter text box.
Problems
Start AutoCAD if it is not already started. Follow the specific instructions for each problem.
48
Advanced
9. Research and write a report of approximately 250 words covering the American
Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) standards accredited by the American
National Standards Institute (ANSI).
10. Research and write a report of approximately 250 words covering the International
Standards Organization (ISO) drafting standards.
Basic
1. Perform the following tasks:
A. Open the Help window.
B. Type InfoCenter into the Search text box.
C. Pick the About InfoCenter link from the search results.
D. Read the information provided.
E. Close the Help window, and then close AutoCAD.
2. Perform the following tasks:
A. Move the cursor over the buttons in the status bar and read the tooltip for each.
B. Slowly move the cursor over each of the ribbon panels and read the tooltips.
C. Pick the Application Menu button to display the Application Menu. Hover over the
Open menu, and then use the up and down arrow keys to cycle through the options.
D. Press [Esc] once to hide the Open menu options and a second time to hide the
Application Menu.
E. Close AutoCAD.
▼
▼
Intermediate
3. Interview your drafting instructor or supervisor and try to determine what type
of drawing standards exist at your school or company. Write them down and keep
them with you as you learn AutoCAD. Make notes as you progress through this
textbook on how you use these standards. Also, note how you could change the
standards to match the capabilities of AutoCAD.
AutoCAD and Its Applications—Basics
11. Research and write a report of approximately 250 words covering the United States
National CAD Standard (NCS).
12. Research and write a report of approximately 250 words covering workplace
ethics, especially as it applies to CADD applications and CADD-related software.
Prepare a PowerPoint presentation of your research and present the slide show to
your class or office.
13. Research and write a report of approximately 150 words covering an ergonomically
designed CADD workstation. Include a freehand sketch of what you consider a highquality design for a workstation and label its characteristics. Prepare a PowerPoint
presentation of your research and present the slide show to your class or office.
14. Go to the Autodesk Education Community website at students.autodesk.com and
register to join the Autodesk Education Community. After you register, download
a student version of AutoCAD to your home or laptop computer. Use your copy
of AutoCAD to complete assignments and study AutoCAD when you are unable
to access a CADD lab. The Autodesk Education Community website provides
complete information on the registration and download process.
Chapter 1
Introduction to AutoCAD
Problems - Chapter 1
Problems - Chapter 1
▼
4. Research your drawing department standards. If you do not have a copy of the
standards, acquire one. If AutoCAD standards exist, make notes as to how you can
use these in your projects. If no standards exist in your department or company,
make notes about how you can help develop standards. Write a report on why
your school or company should create CAD standards and how to use the standards. Describe who should be responsible for specific tasks. Recommend procedures, techniques, and forms, if necessary. Develop this report as you progress
through your AutoCAD instruction and as you read this textbook.
5. Develop a drawing planning sheet for use in your school or company. List items
you think are important for planning a CAD drawing. Make changes to this sheet
as you learn more about AutoCAD.
6. Create a freehand sketch of the default AutoCAD window with the Drafting &
Annotation workspace active. Label each of the screen areas. To the side of the
sketch, write a short description of the function of each screen area.
7. Create a freehand sketch showing three examples of tooltips displayed as you
hover over an item. To the side of the sketch, write a short description of each
example’s function.
8. Using the Application Menu search tool, type the letter C and review the information provided in the Application Menu. Then add the letter L. How does the information change? Continue typing O, S, and E to complete the CLOSE command.
Write a short paragraph explaining how you might use this search tool to find a
command if you are unsure how the command is spelled or where it is located.
49
This sample chapter is for review purposes only. Copyright © The Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. All rights reserved.
AutoCAD Certified Associate Exam Practice
Answer the following questions. Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper.
1. Which workspaces are available by default in the AutoCAD 2013 software? Select
all that apply.
A. 3D Basics
B. 3D Animation
C. 3D Modeling
D. AutoCAD Classic
E. 2D Modeling
F. Drafting & Annotation
2. Which of the following is a method of starting the AutoCAD software? Select the
one item that best answers the question.
A. Access the Windows Start menu, select Run…, and enter autocad.exe
B. Right-click on the Windows desktop and select AutoCAD 2013 from the shortcut
menu
C. Double-click the AutoCAD 2013 icon on the Windows desktop
D. Navigate to autodesk.com and double-click AutoCAD 2013
3. If you cannot view the online version of the Help window, you can force AutoCAD
to display the installed help system by deselecting the Access online content when
available check box in which of the following locations? Select the one item that best
answers the question.
A. InfoCenter
B. Options dialog box, System tab
C. Application Menu, Drawing Utilities menu
D. Application status bar
AutoCAD Certified Professional Exam Practice
AutoCAD Certified Exams - Chapter 1
Follow the instructions in each problem. Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper.
50
1. Start AutoCAD using one of the methods described in the chapter.
Turn off dynamic input. At the Command: prompt, type the letters LA and press
[Enter] . What command does AutoCAD execute?
2. Start AutoCAD using one of the methods described in the chapter.
Access the Application Menu search tool and type the letters C, L, and O. Review
the results of the search. What entry appears in the Ribbon Tab: Home category?
AutoCAD and Its Applications—Basics