Model Parliament Unit
Background Lesson 1: Why Study Parliament?
Student Activity Sheet
Instructions
In small group discussion, your classmates and you will consider a number of questions
about Parliament, its importance to you as an individual, and its importance to our
country. You will then choose one of the questions and write a short personal response
to it.
1. Group Discussion
In your group, discuss the following questions as assigned.
Observe …
1. State 10 ways in which decisions made in Parliament affect your daily life.
2. If you have seen televised excerpts from Question Period or the Speech from the
Throne, what visual images do you remember?
3. What does a Senator do? What does an MP (Member of House of Commons)
do?
4. If you have met with, spoken to, or had written contact with a Senator or MP, or
his or her staff, describe the interaction. What question did you ask and what was
the response?
Reflect …
5. Have you ever visited Parliament? Have you ever watched events on Parliament
Hill on television? What did it mean to you?
6. Have you ever had contact with Senators or MPs and let them know how you feel
about important issues? Have you had successes or frustrations in contacting
them?
7. What is the impression one gets about Parliament from watching television news
broadcasts and reading newspapers?
8. What other forms of government might we have if we didn't have a Parliament?
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Think about …
9. Parliament makes decisions that affect you. What are some of those decisions?
How do they affect your lives?
10. What role should the media play in its coverage of Parliament? Do you think its
portrayal is accurate?
11. MPs are elected and Senators are appointed to make good decisions that serve
the best interests of their constituents and the country. This may be a difficult
balance. Sometimes they may be asked to make decisions that are not popular
with their constituents. Should parliamentarians always consider the needs of
their constituents first?
12. Why is our parliamentary democracy so important? If we did not have a
democratic system, how would our lives be different?
What if …
13. If you were a parliamentarian, what would you do to represent the youth of
Canada?
14. As a teenager, can you influence what Parliament decides? If yes, how? If no,
why not? Does the situation change much when you reach voting age? Who do
you think has the greatest influence in determining how our country is run?
15. Over the centuries, Parliament has evolved to become a fundamental means of
resolving a society's conflict peacefully. What other options would you choose for
resolving conflict peacefully? What if no one in our society exercised their right to
vote? How would it affect our parliamentary system?
16. What are your responsibilities with respect to Parliament? To what degree do you
and other Canadians meet these responsibilities? What can you do to make
Parliament work better?
2. Personal Response Writing
Choose one of the "Think about …" or "What if …" questions and write a short piece in
which you express your thoughts, feelings and ideas about the issues the questions
raise. Your piece may be a series of reflections or ideas, an argument for a position
about which you feel strongly, or a narrative describing personal experiences.
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the materials for classroom use. For information on this resource, please contact the Library of Parliament
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Setting the Agenda
Background Lesson 2: Organization of the Parliamentary Day
Student Activity Sheet
List of Events in a Parliamentary Day
Here is a list of events that might take place on a typical Tuesday or Thursday in Parliament. Each one of these events corresponds to
one complete section of the unit. The events in italics are not included in this unit.
Time
House of Commons
Senate
Note: This is the schedule for a typical Tuesday or
Thursday when the House of Commons is sitting.
Note: The Senate sits Mondays to Thursdays
between 2:00 pm and 6:00 pm, and on Fridays
between 9:00 am and 4:00 pm. Depending on the
orders to be discussed, it may sit until midnight
Monday to Thursday.
Opening Exercises
Opening Exercises
•
•
•
•
•
•
Bells
Parade
Prayers
Outside of Both Houses
Caucus Meeting
Senate and House of
Commons
Bells
Parade
Prayers
Routine Proceedings
Senators' Statements
Committee Meetings
•
•
•
•
15 minutes
(Morning)
Senators make statements on matters of
importance to them (three minutes each)
Senate and House of
Commons: daily
10:00 am
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Tabling of Documents
Introduction of Government Bills
Statements by Ministers
Presenting Reports from Inter- parliamentary
delegations
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Setting the Agenda
Until 2:00
pm
•
Presenting Reports from Standing or Special
Committees
•
•
•
•
•
Introduction of Private Members' Bills
Motions
Presentation of Petitions
Questions on Order Paper
First Reading of Senate Public Bills
Motions
Government Orders
Routine Proceedings
From immediately following Routine Proceedings
30 minutes
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Consideration of items of business that the
Government calls
Debate on motions or bills (e.g., second and third
reading of bills)
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
2:00 - 2:15
pm
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Tabling of Documents
Presenting Reports from Committees
Government Notices of Motion
Introduction of Government Bills
Introduction of Senate Public Bills (Private
Senators’ Bills)
First Reading of Commons Public Bills
Reading of Petitions for Private Bills
Introduction of Private Bills
Tabling of Reports from Inter-parliamentary
Delegations
Notices of Motion
Notices of Inquiries
Presentation of Petitions
MPs' Statements
Question Period
Committee Meetings
•
30 minutes
(Afternoon)
•
Senate and House of
MPs make statements on matters of importance
to them (one minute each)
Senators of the Opposition and Government
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Setting the Agenda
parties ask questions of the Government or to
the chair of a committee, if it is a question
relating to the activities of the committee
2:15 - 3:00
pm
3:00 - 5:30
pm
Oral Questions ("Question Period")
Orders of the Day
•
•
•
MPs ask questions of the Government, or of
committee chairs, if about committee business
Government Business
Other Business
Government Orders
Inquiries
•
•
•
Resuming consideration of items of business that
the Government calls
Debate on motions or bills
Commons: daily
Senators call the attention of the Senate to
matters of particular interest or importance
Motions
•
5:30 - 6:30
pm
Private Members' Business
•
6:30 - 7:00
pm
Senators present motions for debate
Private MPs present bills and motions for debate
Adjournment Proceedings
MPs who did not receive a satisfactory response to a
question posed during Oral Questions ask in writing to
have it raised again at this time. When chosen, they
may expand on their original question and then a
Minister or Parliamentary Secretary responds.
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Model Parliament Unit
Background Lesson 2: Organization of the Parliamentary Day
Student Activity Sheet
Descriptions of Typical Events in a Parliamentary Day
Opening of Sitting
At the Opening of the Sitting, the Speaker reads a prayer, after which he or she orders
that the doors be opened to allow the public to enter the galleries. The daily business
then commences.
Routine Proceedings: Tabling of Documents
At this point, the Government Leader in the Senate, or a Minister in the House of
Commons has the opportunity to table a report or document for the Senate or House of
Commons to consider. This makes the item a public document.
Routine Proceedings: Introduction of Government Bills
When a bill is introduced, it becomes part of Parliament's agenda for that session. The
text of the bill is printed and distributed, and serves as the focus for the detailed
discussions that will follow during second reading and later stages in the legislative
process.
Senators' and Members' Statements
Senators' Statements or Members' Statements allow Senators or MPs to raise issues
important to them and/or their specific regions. This procedure enables them to be
heard and to draw the Government's attention to a problem of local, national or
international interest.
Routine Proceedings: Presentation of Reports from Committees
Committees are assigned to look into specific issues. They also study bills that are
referred to them, normally after second reading, and at this point they present their
reports. These reports summarize the opinion of the majority of each committee's
members. MPs who are not in agreement may also get the opportunity to voice their
opinion.
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Other Business (Senate)/Private Members' Business (House of Commons)
This part of the day is reserved for the consideration of business sponsored by a private
Senator or MP, that is, by any parliamentarian who is not part of the Cabinet.
Routine Proceedings: Presentation of Petitions
Petitions are one way Canadians can make themselves heard in Parliament. Petitions
are taken seriously when large numbers of people support issues and can result in
major changes.
Government Orders: Second Reading, Report Stage or Third Reading of a
Government Bill
During second reading, the bill is subjected to a thorough debate for the first time. The
Opposition is able to criticize both the underlying policy that the bill expresses, and its
specific purpose. The Government defends it. Speeches alternate between those in
favour and those opposed.
Question Period
Question Period allows the Opposition and Government backbenchers to ask for
information and to question the Government on any matter within federal responsibility
that they feel is in the public interest. The importance of Question Period is the fact that
any MP, without advance notice, can ask any Minister any question relating to his or her
portfolio. It is a means of holding the Government of the day accountable.
Committee Meetings
Committee consideration of a bill allows parliamentarians to consider opinions from
experts on the subject of the bill. They may also hear from those groups and individuals
who will be affected by its provisions. Parliamentarians of both chambers can then
propose amendments to the bill that reflect the viewpoints they hear from witnesses, as
well as their own conclusions.
Adjournment Proceedings
After a motion to adjourn the Commons has been moved, an MP who is not satisfied
with the answer he or she received during Question Period can raise the matter during
the adjournment debate. (Note: This procedure relates only to the House of Commons.)
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Model Parliament Unit
Background Lesson 2: Organization of the Parliamentary Day
Student Activity Sheet
E-mail – Senate
You are a parliamentary assistant working in Senator Blaire Royale's parliamentary
office. He has been in his home district for the weekend and is due back tomorrow. He
has just sent you the following e-mail.
With the help of the "List of Events in a Parliamentary Day" handout, the "Description of
Events in a Parliamentary Day" handout (both include reference to the Senate), and the
Daily Planner Sheet, help Senator Royale plan his Tuesday.
Begin by taking a look at the "List of Events in a Parliamentary Day" and in the middle
column of the Daily Planner write out the activities that will take place in the Senate.
Next, use the information in the e-mail to schedule in your Senator's other business in
the right-hand column. You will have to prioritize and may have to leave some activities
for another day. Good luck!
To: Renée Aide
From: Senator Blaire Royale
Subject: Tuesday's Agenda
c.c.:
Renée,
I hope everything is fine in the office. I wanted to let
you know that I am confirmed on the flight arriving in
Ottawa at 7 a.m. on Tuesday morning and will need a ride in
from the airport. Please make the necessary arrangements.
There's been a last minute Caucus meeting called at 9 a.m.
Then I'll need to be in the Chamber in time to present my
three-minute statement on societal violence.
Before the meeting, though, I'll stop by the office to
catch up on the mail and read through the latest journals,
especially anything relating to the urban housing crisis.
Please make sure that these are prioritized and ready on my
desk. I know you have quite a few letters to be signed so
have those prepared as well. Some of this may have to wait
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Model Parliament Unit
until later in the day if I don't get it all done.
I am anticipating many questions in Question Period on the
final report of the Standing Committee on Agriculture and
Forestry related to the farm crisis and feel it important
to be there to hear the discussion.
In the afternoon, there's an important meeting scheduled at
3 p.m. for the Standing Committee on Human Rights. We
expect two key witnesses to be there to advise us on the
adherence to international human rights instruments, so I
don't want miss it.
A News Release will be issued at 4 p.m. with a brief news
conference related to the housing crisis. A reporter from
one of the national papers has asked to speak with me after
the news conference. I asked her to call you to book a
time. Please confirm that appointment and make sure I have
her full name.
(Speaking of the media, please note in my diary that I have
an interview on CBC the following morning at 7:30. I'll
need a full copy of the report on the farm crisis and any
background documents from my files in hand.)
I believe that the Governor General may be coming to the
Senate Chamber later in the afternoon, to give Royal Assent
to the bills that have now passed third reading. I'll want
to be in attendance. Can you please check to see if her
usual 4:30 arrival is confirmed? This doesn't take long often only 10 minutes, but I'd want to be in my seat.
The Lee family, visitors from my home province, will be in
Ottawa and have asked if they could have a photograph taken
with me in front of the Parliament Buildings. Have they
called? When you book a time, please assure them that they
are welcome at Question Period in the Senate.
The University Faculty of Law and the Women's Studies
program has invited me to a joint seminar at 5:30 to
discuss domestic violence. It's just meant to be an hour,
so that should still allow time for me to get to the
Governor General's reception for new Canadians at 7.
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Just another day in the life, Renée! I hope you can fit
most things in for me.
Blaire
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Model Parliament Unit
Background Lesson 2: Organization of the Parliamentary Day
Student Activity Sheet
E-mail – House of Commons
You are a parliamentary assistant working in MP Jane Doe's parliamentary office. She
has been in her riding for two days and is due back tomorrow. She has just sent you the
following e-mail.
With the help of the handouts "List of Events in a Parliamentary Day" and "Descriptions
of Typical Events in a Parliamentary Day" and the Daily Planner Sheet, help MP Doe
plan out her Tuesday.
First, take a look at the "List of Events in a Parliamentary Day" and in the middle column
of the Daily Planner Sheet write out the activities that will be taking place in the
Commons. Next, use the information in the e-mail to schedule in your MP's other
business in the right-hand column. You will have to prioritize and leave some activities
for another day. Good luck!
To: André Helper
From: MP Jane Doe
Subject: Tuesday's Agenda
c.c.: André:
I hope everything is fine in the office. I just wanted to
let you know that I'll be arriving in Ottawa at 7 a.m. on
Tuesday morning and would like someone to pick me up at
the airport. Please make the necessary arrangements.
There's been a last minute meeting called from 9 to 10
a.m. for the Standing Committee on Finance. Then I need
to be in the Commons on time to present the petition from
my constituents on protecting the B.C. rainforest.
Before the meeting, though, I'll stop by the office to
catch up on my mail and read through the latest journals.
Please make sure that these are prioritized and ready on
my desk for Tuesday morning. I know you mentioned that
there are quite a few letters to be signed, so please
have those prepared as well. I also have to take a look
at the Notice Paper for those amendments on the Youth
Justice bill we're voting on that afternoon. Some of this
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may have to wait until later in the day if I don't get it
all done.
There's an important meeting scheduled for the Committee
on the Environment and Sustainable Development from 11
a.m. to 1 p.m. We expect two key witnesses to be there to
advise us on the environment clean-up bill we're
examining, so I want to make sure not to miss it.
I was given the go ahead by the House Leader to speak
Tuesday afternoon regarding the foreign aid bill.
Heather Chow and her family, constituents from my riding,
will be visiting Ottawa and they would like a photograph
of me with them in front of the Parliament Buildings, and
a pass for Question Period.
Another of my constituents has asked me to attend the
Order of Canada ceremony between 5 and 6 p.m. because she
will be one of the recipients.
I have been invited to a dinner at the National Arts
Centre for a national youth conference from 6 to 10 p.m.
where one of my constituents will be attending.
I also have to table a report in the Chamber concerning
the interparliamentary delegation that visited Japan.
I know it's going to be a hectic day, André, but please
do your best to try and help me fit most things in.
Jane
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Student Activity Sheet
Daily Planner Sheet – Senate
Tuesday
Time
Senate Schedule
Activity
8:00 am
8:30
9:00
9:00
10:00
10:30
11:00
11:30
12:00 pm
12:30
13:00
13:30
14:00
14:30
15:00
15:30
16:00
16:30
17:00
17:30
18:00
18:30
19:00
19:30
20:00
20:30
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Background Lesson 2: Organization of the Parliamentary Day
Student Activity Sheet
Daily Planner Sheet – House of Commons
Tuesday
Time
Commons Schedule
Activity
8:00 am
8:30
9:00
9:30
10:00
10:30
11:00
11:30
12:00 pm
12:30
1:00
1:30
2:00
2:15
2:30
3:00
3:30
4:00
4:30
5:00
5:30
6:00
6:30
7:00
7:30
8:00
8:30
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Model Parliament Unit
Background Lesson 3: Who's Who in Parliament?
Student Activity Sheet
Instructions
Fill in the blanks with the title of the person who fits the description. Use the role
descriptions if necessary.
1. I am the head of a group that carefully examines bills and other matters. During our
meetings, I must ensure fairness, keep parliamentarians on track and keep order. I
must also report back to the House on the work of the group.
Who am I? __________________________________________________
2. I am an MP who has been chosen by the Prime Minister to be part of his Cabinet.
Therefore, in addition to the regular duties of an MP, I have the added responsibility
of heading a government department. My busy schedule includes attending Cabinet
meetings where we make key government decisions. We also talk about starting up
bills we would like to see made into law.
Who am I? __________________________________________________
3. I am the elected leader of the Canadian people. I select Cabinet Ministers from
among my party MPs to head the various government departments. I meet with the
leaders of other countries to discuss international matters.
Who am I? __________________________________________________
4. I am an advisor to the Speaker of the Senate and the Senators, keeper of all Senate
documents and supervisor of all Senate staff. I wear a traditional black gown.
Who am I? __________________________________________________
5. I am guardian of the Mace. I play a ceremonial role in the Commons and my duties
are centred on the security of parliamentarians and visitors while they are within the
parliamentary precincts.
Who am I? __________________________________________________
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6. I preside over the sittings of the Senate, read the motions and put forward the
questions to which the Senate must respond with a vote. It is important that I enforce
all of the Senate rules. I represent the Senate in Canada and abroad.
Who am I? __________________________________________________
7. I am responsible for presiding over the sittings of the Commons. It is sometimes
difficult – especially during heated discussions – but I must be fair and impartial and
maintain order at all times. I also hear points of order and questions of privilege,
make rulings based on precedent and practice, and represent the House of
Commons in Canada and abroad.
Who am I? __________________________________________________
8. I was elected by the people in my riding to hold a seat in the House of Commons. I
spend much of my time on Parliament Hill. Also, much of my time is devoted to
dealing with the concerns and problems of my constituents. Because of this, I
regularly return to my riding to keep in close contact.
Who am I? __________________________________________________
9. Although my party did not win enough seats in the last general election to form the
Government, we did win the second largest number of seats. As party leader, I meet
with my caucus to discuss strategy and alternatives to government policies, speak
daily in the House of Commons, and provide Canadians with an alternative to the
present Government.
Who am I? __________________________________________________
10. I was chosen by the Prime Minister to serve in the "Upper House" of Parliament.
After bills have passed through the House of Commons, they must be sent to our
House for approval. It can also work the other way around. Bills may be started in
our House, but must later go to the House of Commons for approval.
Who am I? ___________________________________
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Model Parliament Unit
Background Lesson 4: How a Bill Becomes a Law
Student Activity Sheet
Blank Flow Chart of How a Bill Becomes a Law
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Background Lesson 4: How a Bill Becomes a Law
Student Activity Sheet
Flow Chart of How a Bill Becomes a Law
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Background Lesson 4: How a Bill Becomes a Law
Student Activity Sheet
Read and discuss with your class the following stages that a bill must go through before
becoming law. Fill in the Blank Flow Chart provided as demonstrated on the overhead
by your teacher.
Introduction of a Bill
A bill is first introduced during Routine Proceedings. A Minister or MP moves a motion
asking permission or "leave" of the House to introduce the bill. (This does not happen in
the Senate.) This is granted without any debate, amendment or formal vote. The
Minister or MP then moves a motion that "the bill be now read a first time and printed."
This motion also passes automatically. In order to expedite proceedings, the Speaker,
who had been told ahead of time which Ministers or MPs wished to introduce bills that
day, will read the motions to the House and the Minister or MP only needs to nod
assent. A Minister introducing a bill rarely says anything at this time, but MPs are
allowed to and normally do make a brief statement about why they wish to introduce
their bill and what it will do.
A bill number is given to the bill (C-1, C-2, C-3 if a Government bill is introduced in the
House; C-201, C-202, C-203 if it is a private Member's bill) and it is entered on the
Order Paper. Before all this happens only certain Government or House of Commons
officials know about the bill, but now it becomes public knowledge.
In the Senate, a bill is introduced and receives first reading automatically. It is assigned
a bill number (S-1, S-2, etc.) and placed on the Order Paper under "Government
Orders" if it is introduced by the Leader of the Government or the Deputy Leader, and
under "Other Business" if it is introduced by any other Senator.
In the House of Commons, private Members' bills are subject to a random draw to
determine if they will be considered or debated by the House. In the Senate, private
Members' bills are not subject to a random draw. Senators introduce bills, which
automatically receive first reading, and are placed on the Order Paper for second
reading at a later date. All private Members' bills are "votable."
In the House of Commons, if a Minister sponsors a bill, it is recorded under
"Government Orders." If a private Member sponsors a bill, it goes under "private
Members' Business." Government ills and private Members' bills are not treated exactly
the same. One significant difference is that not all private Members' ills will be chosen
for debate. Because of a lack of time, the private Members' ills to be considered are
selected through random draws.
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In the case of private Members' bills, all items drawn for debate may come to a vote
unless the Member indicates otherwise. Any Member can suggest that another
Member's business is not admissible for debate and a panel of Members will determine
if the complaint is legitimate.
Discussion Questions
1. What two motions have to be passed at this stage?
2. How would you feel if you were a private Member and the bill you had been working
on for many months, or even years, had never come up for debate because you
were unlucky in the random draw?
3. Rather than using a random draw, can you think of a better way that could be used
to choose which bills are selected for debate?
Second Reading
First, a motion is moved that the bill be read a second time and sent to a committee for
consideration. Then the second reading debate begins. The second reading debate
focuses solely on the principle of the bill – that is, what the bill will do in general terms,
and why it is needed. This debate is typically long and lively for a Government bill. Even
if the Government has a solid majority, it is unlikely that a bill will pass easily through
second reading, unless it is non-controversial. Opposition parties will often try to use
tactics to stall the process.
In the Senate, the motion is only that the bill be read a second time. Once second
reading is given, a motion may be moved to refer it to committee.
Certain changes or "amendments" are allowed at this phase: a reasoned amendment
which spells out particular reasons for opposing a bill; a discharged amendment which
refers the subject matter of the bill to a committee while discharging the order
for second reading; or a hoist amendment which prevents the bill from being "now" read
a second time and postpones the reading for three or six months, which in effect kills
the bill for the session. At the termination of the debate at second reading, the question
is put first on any amendment that has been proposed. If the amendment is defeated or
if no amendment has been proposed, then the question for second reading is put and
voted on. If agreed to, the bill is then sent to committee for the next stage in the
legislative process.
In the case of private Members' bills, traditionally, few make it beyond second reading.
They are usually voted down at this stage.
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Discussion Questions
1. This is the most important stage a bill must go through. Why?
2. What types of amendments are allowed at second reading?
3. Give an example of a case in which you think the "hoist" might be used.
Consideration of a Bill in Committee
The committee stage is designed for close examination of a bill. When a bill is urgent or
non-controversial, however, it may be referred to a Committee of the Whole. In other
words, the committee is actually made up of all the Senators or MPs sitting in the House
as a committee. In some cases, a bill could pass through several stages at one sitting.
The principle of the bill normally needs to be accepted by the House before going to a
committee. Next, the committee examines the bill in detail. The committee members
must decide whether to add amendments to the bill before it goes back to the House.
They will often call upon witnesses or experts to help them improve the bill.
A detailed study of the bill is made, clause by clause, and often changes to wording are
proposed, new provisions added or certain parts deleted. Committee members may
receive help from either the Legislative Counsel or the Department of Justice (if the
Government proposes them) in drafting the amendments, that is, putting them in proper
wording.
Decisions made in the committee stage are usually final. The bill as amended must be
reported back to the House and follow the normal approval procedures. Amendments
made to the bill in the committee stage are not often changed when the bill is returned
to the House.
Discussion Questions
1. Why do you think the committee stage is important?
2. What is the purpose of amendments?
Report Stage
House of Commons
After the committee's report to the House of Commons and a time delay to allow
members time to consider further amendments, the Speaker begins debate on the bill
by calling for "consideration of the report stage of Bill X, as reported from Committee Y."
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The House of Commons can either express agreement with the bill or consider and vote
on further amendments if any have been put on notice, and then agree to the bill (as
amended).
All MPs have an opportunity to propose amendments at the report stage, but they must
give written notice. The Speaker selects the amendments to be debated, ensuring
fairness and an efficient use of time (for example, by avoiding duplication). The
underlying principle of the bill was already approved at second reading, so any
amendments made must not change that principle.
The Commons votes for or against the amendments. The Minister responsible for the
bill, or the sponsoring parliamentarian, then makes a motion that the House of
Commons agree to the bill (as amended).
Senate
Senate procedure is different from that of the House of Commons. In the Senate, if a
Committee reports a bill without amendment, the report stands adopted and a motion is
made that it be read a third time on a future day. If a committee reports a bill with
amendments, debate on the adoption of the report will take place at a future sitting.
Once the committee report is dealt with, the bill can then move on to third reading.
Discussion Question
1. Do you agree or disagree with the rule that the basic principle of the bill cannot be
changed at this point? Explain your reasons.
Third Reading
A motion that "the bill be now read a third time and do pass" is made at third reading.
The House can now review the bill in its final form. The focus of the debate is on
whether the bill in its final form does what the House agreed to at second reading. As at
the second reading, debate must focus on the basic principle of the bill and only certain
types of amendments are permitted – basically, the same as at second reading. The
possibility exists of referring the bill back to committee for reconsideration of a particular
clause at this stage. As a general rule, the debate at third reading is shorter than at
second reading. At the termination of debate at third reading, the question is put to the
chamber and voted on and, if agreed to, the bill is then sent to the other chamber for the
next stage of the legislative process.
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Discussion Questions
1. What is the purpose of the third reading?
2. Do you think debate at third reading is necessary? Why or why not?
Consideration in the Other Chamber
Once the bill has made it through the Senate or House of Commons, it now must pass
through the other chamber where the process starts again from its introduction. The two
chambers communicate through messages, informing one another that a bill has
passed or that amendments have been made. The other chamber must agree to any
amendments to a bill, and messages may go back and forth until agreement is reached.
Once a bill is passed by both chambers in the same format, all it needs is Royal Assent
before it can be proclaimed into law.
Discussion Question
1. What are the benefits of sending a bill to the other chamber?
Royal Assent and Proclamation
Royal Assent may be signified in two ways: first, by a traditional ceremony in the Senate
Chamber; and second, by a written declaration which takes place at either Rideau Hall
(the Governor General signifying assent) or at the Supreme Court (if the Deputy of the
Governor General signifies assent).
The ceremony in the Senate Chamber proceeds as follows: the Governor General or his
or her Deputy – a justice of the Supreme Court – presides at this ceremony in the
Senate Chamber. After a procession of the Speaker and parliamentarians into the
Chamber, the titles of the bills are read by the Clerk of the Senate.
A simple nod of the head by the Governor General or Deputy means that Royal Assent
is given.
When the bills have received Royal Assent, the Speaker and parliamentarians return in
procession to the House of Commons and the Speaker announces that the Governor
General or Deputy has been pleased to give assent to these bills in Her Majesty's
name.
After Royal Assent, note that the Act is published in the Canada Gazette so that
Canadians are made aware of it.
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A bill may or may not come into force immediately following Royal Assent. The
provisions of the bill sometimes specify that it will not come into effect until the date set
by proclamation. This is a further step in which the Governor in Council proclaims the
bill law.
Discussion Question
1. Why do you think this formal step exists?
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Senate Pre-Simulation Activities
Opening of Sitting
Who's Involved
Government in the Senate, Opposition Party in the Senate, Independent Senators
What It Is
When the day's sitting begins, the Usher of the Black Rod, the Mace Bearer, the
Speaker, two Pages, the Clerk and Senate Table Officers parade into the Senate
Chamber. The Usher of the Black Rod carries the Black Rod and the Mace Bearer
carries the Mace over his or her right shoulder. The Speaker reads a prayer and the
Mace Bearer then places the Mace on the table in front of the Speaker to symbolize
Parliament's authority and to signify that the Senate is in session. The Speaker orders
that the doors be opened to allow the public to enter the galleries. The daily business
then begins.
Why It's Important
The ceremonial opening of the parliamentary day reflects the serious purpose of the
Senate and commemorates our history. The ritual parade, from the Speaker's chambers
into the Senate, has its roots in the British parliamentary process, which dates back
several hundred years.
What You Need To Do
1. Working in your group, define the terms "Parliament," "Session of Parliament" and
"Sitting of Parliament." Then compare your definitions with those in the Glossary.
2. Discuss why you think the ceremonial rituals of Parliament have been retained.
Record your thoughts on this in your learning log.
3. As a group, read through the Senate Simulation Script "Opening of Sitting."
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Senate Pre-Simulation Activities
Senators' Statements
Who's Involved
Government in the Senate, Opposition Party or Parties in the Senate, Independent
Senators
What It Is
This procedure gives Senators an opportunity to speak for a maximum of three minutes
on a subject of particular interest to them. The Speaker allows a period of 15 minutes
for Senators' Statements.
Why It's Important
Senators' Statements allow Senators to speak to the Senate about any subject of
international, national, provincial or local concern. This is an effective way for Senators
to make their views known. It also allows them to publicly present the opinions of
citizens of the province or region they represent.
What You Need To Do
1. As a group, pick one person (who is not the Deputy Leader in the Senate or the
Whip) to represent a province or region that your group has chosen.
2. With your group, search the debates on www.parl.gc.ca to find Senators' Statements
from the chosen province/region. Go to "Chamber Business" and choose "Debates"
from the Senate. Write a short summary of one of the statements.
3. Your group will prepare a one-minute Senators' Statement on a topic that is
important to the chosen region/province. Your group representative will present the
statement.
4. As a group, read through the Senate Simulation Script "Senators' Statements."
5. Record today's observations in your learning log.
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Senate Pre-Simulation Activities
Tabling of Documents
Who's Involved
Government in the Senate
What It Is
Tabling of documents allows the Leader of the Government or the Deputy Leader to
present papers dealing with Government matters to the Senate.
The Leader or Deputy can table a document in two ways. The first is known as "front
door" tabling. When the Speaker calls for tabling of documents during the part of the
day called Routine Proceedings, the Leader or Deputy may rise to indicate that he or
she has a document to present. A Page will take each document and place it on the
table of the Senate.
In "back door" tabling, the documents are sent to the Clerk during the day. The tabling is
not done formally in the Senate. In both cases, the name of the document is entered in
the Journals of the Senate for that day. This is the official record that the document was
tabled and is available for all to read.
Why It's Important
Tabling of documents is important because it makes documents public. Copies are now
available to the public and the media, and Senators may quote the documents during
debates.
What You Need To Do
1. Visit the Government of Canada Web site at www.canada.gc.ca. Find a
department's Web site (for example, Environment, Health, Defence). Find and print
five documents that can be tabled in the Senate. Include their full titles and dates.
2. Choose one of these documents to table in the simulation. If the document is less
than 10 pages, print the whole document. If it is more than 10 pages, print the
introductory material and the first chapter.
3. As a group, read through the Senate Simulation Script "Tabling of Documents."
4. Record today's observations in your learning log.
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Senate Pre-Simulation Activities
Presentation of Committee Reports
Who's Involved
Government in the Senate, Opposition Party in the Senate, Independent Senators
What It Is
Committees study specific subjects and then present reports to the Senate. They do
research and often make recommendations. Committees also study bills and make
amendments, or changes, to them.
There are two basic types of committees:
•
A standing committee is formed at the beginning of a parliamentary session.
•
A special committee is created as needed to examine a specific bill or issue.
During Routine Proceedings, the Speaker calls for presentation of committee reports.
Committee chairs rise in turn and briefly state the subject matter of their reports for the
Senators.
Why It's Important
Presentation of committee reports is important because it provides Senators with
specific, detailed information that there is no time or opportunity to gather in the Senate.
Once a committee has presented a report, Senators can read it and form opinions on it.
Although committees are small, they have a great deal of responsibility. They have the
power to recommend revisions to bills that may eventually become law.
What You Need To Do
1. For the purposes of this activity, you will work in a standing or special committee.
Since both Government and Opposition parties are represented on committees, you
will likely hold opposing views on the report you choose. Choose a chair for your
committee.
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2. In your committee, research the different kinds of committee reports that can be
presented in Parliament. To find committee reports, visit www.parl.gc.ca and go to
"Committee Business" and choose "Committee Reports" of the Senate.
3. Choose a committee report and summarize it briefly. Your committee chair will read
this summary aloud in the simulation.
4. Prepare a dissenting (opposing) opinion for a committee member to present in the
simulation.
5. As a group, read through the Senate Simulation Script "Presentation of Committee
Reports."
6. Record today's observations in your learning log.
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Senate Pre-Simulation Activities
Introduction and First Reading of a Government Bill
Who's Involved
Government in the Senate
What It Is
Introduction of a bill presents the bill to the Senate during that part of the day called
Routine Proceedings. The bill is printed, distributed, given a number and placed on the
Order Paper.
A bill can be introduced in either the Senate or House of Commons. If it is a bill that
authorizes spending, however, it must be introduced in the House of Commons.
In this exercise, you will prepare a bill to introduce into the Senate. You will continue to
use this bill throughout the stages of preparation and in the simulation.
Why It's Important
Introduction is important because it makes the bill public. Parliamentarians can now
read the bill and decide if they are going to support it. The media now have access to
the proposed law and a public debate is possible.
The "reading" of a bill derives from an ancient parliamentary practice that originated in
the United Kingdom. At that time, when the technology was not yet available to
reproduce large numbers of copies at low cost, bills were introduced in handwritten
form, one copy at a time. In order for parliamentarians to know what the content of the
bill was, the Clerk read the document to them: the idea of reading the bill was taken
literally. Today, a bill is no longer read aloud, but the formality of holding a "reading" is
preserved.
What You Need To Do
1. With your group, review what you have learned about introduction in the background
lesson "How a Bill Becomes a Law."
2. Read over the selected sample bill.
3. Prepare your own short summary (about 250 words) of the aims and provisions of
the bill.
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4. As a group, read through the Senate Simulation Script "Introduction and First
Reading of a Government Bill."
5. Record today's observations in your learning log.
Optional Activity
View the status of a bill currently before Parliament. To find a sample bill, visit
www.parl.gc.ca. Use the A-Z Index (Quick Links) to find LEGISINFO.
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Senate Pre-Simulation Activities
Presentation of Petitions
Who's Involved
Government in the Senate, Opposition Party in the Senate, Independent Senators
What It Is
A petition is a document signed by many people that asks the Government to do
something about a specific problem.
During Routine Proceedings, the Speaker asks Senators to present petitions they have
received from citizens. Senators with petitions take the floor, in turn. They state briefly
what the petition is about, where it is from, and how many signatures it contains. The
petition is recorded in the Journals of the Senate for that day.
A Senator who presents a petition does not necessarily have to agree with the opinions
it expresses.
Why It's Important
Petitions enable ordinary Canadians to communicate with Parliament. Citizens develop
petitions to bring public concerns to the Government's attention and to influence policy
making and legislation.
What You Need To Do
1. In your group, discuss what kinds of issues citizens of your province might want to
petition Parliament about.
2. Choose an issue.
3. Develop a petition to submit to the Senate using the handout "Petitioning the House
of Commons" for information about format and content.
4. As a group, read through the Senate Simulation Script "Presentation of Petitions."
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5. Choose one member of your group to present the petition in the simulation. Using
the Senate Simulation "Presentation of Petitions," prepare what that Senator will
say.
6. Have your Senator endorse the petition (sign the reverse side of it).
7. Record today's observations in your learning log.
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Senate Pre-Simulation Activities
Question Period
Who's Involved
Government in the Senate, Opposition Party in the Senate, Independent Senators
What It Is
When the Senate sits, Question Period is the time when Senators may ask questions.
The questions can cover any area within the Government's responsibility. Senators do
not have to give notice before asking the questions. They may also ask questions to the
chair of a committee, if it is a question relating to the activities of that committee.
Why It's Important
By asking questions during Question Period, Senators are seeking information for their
constituents, and for all Canadians. Equally important, Senators are holding the
Government accountable for its actions on a daily basis.
The right to seek information from the Government and the right to hold Government
accountable for its administrative policies and the conduct of its Ministers are
recognized as two of the fundamental principles of parliamentary democracy. Question
Period, or Oral Questions as it is more formally called, often dramatically highlights
these principles.
In the Senate, time is provided each day for Senators to ask the Leader of the
Government in the Senate, or a Minister of the Crown who sits in the Senate, about
Government actions and policies. Since almost all Ministers sit in the Lower Chamber,
Question Period in the Senate tends to be less dramatic than in the House of
Commons.
What You Need To Do
1. As a group, review actual Question Periods in the printed or on-line versions of the
debates. Visit www.parl.gc.ca. Go to "Chamber Business" and choose "Debates"
from the Senate to view the most recent debate transcript. Choose the latest date
then click on "Question Period." Pay close attention to the ways in which the
questions are worded and answered.
2. Review newspaper, radio and TV news coverage for a few days to learn about
important national and local issues. Make a list of these issues to use as the basis
for questions. Share the issues you have identified with your group.
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3. As a group, narrow down everyone's list of issues to five topics that cover both
national and local issues. Remember, they must be within the jurisdiction of the
federal Parliament.
4. If you are in the Official Opposition or are an independent Senator, prepare one
question for each of the five agreed-upon topics. If you are in the Government in the
Senate group, anticipate what questions might be asked about these topics, then
come up with answers.
5. As a group, read through the Senate Simulation Script "Question Period."
6. Record today's observations in your learning log.
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Senate Pre-Simulation Activities
Second Reading of a Government Bill
Who's Involved
Government in the Senate, Opposition Party in the Senate, Independent Senators
What It Is
Second reading is a critical stage in the passage of a bill. It takes place during that part
of the day called Government Orders. For the first time, Senators have the chance to
debate the bill, either defending or opposing it.
In this exercise, you will develop arguments for and against the bill that you have
selected. You may also propose an amendment to the motion for second reading. For
example, you may propose that second reading take place in six months.
Why It's Important
Second reading is important because it is the first time that Senators can debate the bill.
The Senator responsible for the bill will normally begin the debate. He or she will
describe the bill's purpose and state why it should be read a second time. The members
of the Opposition in the Senate will criticize the bill and state why it should not be read a
second time. A number of Senators may then join the debate and present brief
arguments for or against the bill.
What You Need To Do
1. If you are in the Government in the Senate, develop arguments for the bill. If you are
in the Opposition in the Senate, develop arguments against it. Choose which
members of your group will speak on the bill during the simulation.
Government in the Senate speakers should include:
•
Leader of the Government in the Senate
Opposition in the Senate speakers should include:
•
Leader of the Opposition in the Senate
Decide which speaker will present each argument you have developed.
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2. The Leader of the Government in the Senate and the Leader of the Opposition in the
Senate should prepare three-minute speeches. Any other Senators speaking should
prepare one- to two-minute speeches.
3. One Senator from the Opposition and one independent Senator should each
prepare an amendment to the motion for second reading.
4. As a group, read through the Senate Simulation Script "Second Reading of a
Government Bill."
5. Record today's observations in your learning log.
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Senate Pre-Simulation Activities
Committee Meetings
Who's Involved
Government in the Senate, Opposition Party in the Senate, Independent Senators
What It Is
After the second reading of a Senate Government bill, it is usually sent to the
appropriate committee. This is the first time that Senators are allowed to consider and
recommend amendments to a bill. The committee may hold public hearings and may
also call witnesses, who will offer their views on the bill and answer questions. During
the detailed clause-by-clause consideration of the bill the committee must approve the
wording of the bill, making any changes they wish. The committee then reports the bill,
with or without amendments, back to the Senate.
Why It's Important
Committees often make very important changes to the wording of bills to clarify or
improve them.
What You Need To Do
1. In your group, review the sample bill. Think about the following questions:
•
•
•
•
Who does the bill affect?
Are there any flaws in the bill?
Should parts be removed?
Does anything need to be added?
2. As an individual, develop a list of amendments to improve the bill. (An amendment
means adding, removing or rewording something to make the bill clearer.)
3. As a group, select several amendments and assign one or more to each member of
your group who was chosen to represent the committee.
4. Prepare questions for the witnesses.
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5. If time permits, have the Government Leader in the Senate review the bill with your
group. This will help prepare for possible questions the committee may ask when
they call the Government Leader as a witness.
6. As a group, read through the Senate Simulation Script "Committee Meetings."
7. Record today's observations in your learning log.
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Senate Pre-Simulation Activities
What Happens to a Bill after Committee Consideration
Who's Involved
Government in the Senate, Opposition Party in the Senate, Independent Senators
What It Is
After a committee has reported a bill back to the Senate (with or without amendments),
there still remain two further steps in the consideration of a bill by the Senate: report
stage and third reading.
Report stage can be procedurally somewhat complicated. If there are no amendments
proposed for report stage or when the amendments have been dealt with, the bill then
proceeds to third reading.
The debate at third reading is very similar to the second reading debate.
Why It’s Important
It can be a very important step when the House is dealing with a controversial bill.
What You Need To Do
1. Review the flow chart and handout from Background Lesson 4 "How a Bill Becomes
a Law."
2. Discuss with your classmates the significance of report stage and third reading.
3. Record today’s observations in your learning log.
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Senate Pre-Simulation Activities
Caucus Meeting
Who's Involved
Government in the Senate, Opposition Party in the Senate, Independent Senators
What It Is
Each political party's caucus consists of all its Senators and MPs. The caucuses meet
privately to work out their positions on current issues in Parliament. Senators plan what
they will say on legislation, and develop questions and answers for Question Period.
Why It's Important
In caucus meetings, Senators and MPs plan for Parliament. Because the meetings are
private (in camera), parliamentarians can discuss freely what they think and feel.
Caucus meetings give Senators and MPs the opportunity to influence the party's
position on issues of concern to their constituents. Caucus also enables
parliamentarians to resolve conflicts away from public view.
What You Need To Do
1. Gathered in caucus, review the events your group will participate in during the
simulation.
2. Make sure that each member of your group knows what he or she has to do and say
for each event. Also make sure that your fellow caucus members have all of their
documents ready and have prepared their speeches, questions and responses.
3. As you go through each event, check it off on the “Student Preparation Sheet.”
4. Record today’s observations in your learning log.
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Senate Pre-Simulation Activities
Royal Assent
Who's Involved
Cabinet, Government Backbench, Official Opposition, Third Party, Government in the
Senate, Opposition Party in the Senate, Independent Senators, Speakers, Sergeant-atArms, Clerks
What It Is
Royal Assent is the approval by a representative of the Crown of a bill passed in
identical terms by the House of Commons and the Senate making it an Act of
Parliament.
Since 2002, Royal Assent may be signified in two ways:
•
by a traditional ceremony in the Senate Chamber
•
by a written declaration which takes place at either Rideau Hall (if the Governor
General signifies assent) or at the Supreme Court (if the Deputy of the Governor
General signifies assent)
Why It’s Important
Royal Assent is the final stop in the passage of a bill, making it an Act of Parliament. It
is an essential step in a constitutional monarchy.
What You Need To Do
1. Review the process of Royal Assent.
2. Research the history of Royal Assent.
3. Discuss – Why has the traditional ceremony endured? How is it a significant part of
the legislative process?
4. Record today’s observations in your learning log.
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House of Commons Pre-Simulation Activities
Opening of Sitting
Who's Involved
Cabinet, Government Backbench, Official Opposition, Third Party, Speakers, Sergeantat-Arms, Clerk
What It Is
When the day's sitting begins, the Sergeant-at-Arms, the Speaker and the Clerk parade
into the House of Commons. The Sergeant-at-Arms carries the Mace, a ceremonial
staff, over his or her right shoulder. He or she places it on a long table in front of the
Speaker to symbolize Parliament's authority and to signify that the House of Commons
is in session. The Speaker reads a prayer and then orders that the doors be opened to
allow the public to enter the galleries. The daily business then begins.
Why It's Important
The ceremonial opening of the parliamentary day reflects the serious purpose of the
House of Commons and commemorates our history. The ritual parade, from the
Speaker's chambers through the Hall of Honour and into the House of Commons, has
its roots in the British parliamentary process, which dates back several hundred years.
What You Need To Do
1. Working in your group, define the terms "Parliament," "Session of Parliament" and
"Sitting of Parliament." Then compare your definitions with those in the Glossary.
2. Discuss why you think the ceremonial rituals of Parliament have been retained.
Record your thoughts on this in your learning log.
3. As a group, read through the House of Commons Simulation Script "Opening of
Sitting."
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House of Commons Pre-Simulation Activities
Tabling of Documents
Who's Involved
Cabinet
What It Is
Tabling of documents allows Ministers to present papers dealing with government
matters to the House of Commons.
A Minister can table most documents in one of two ways. The first is known as "front
door" tabling. When the Speaker calls for documents during the part of the day called
Routine Proceedings, Ministers may rise to indicate that they have a document to
present. The Clerk will take each Minister's document and place it on the table of the
House of Commons, where all MPs may come and look at it, or obtain copies.
The second is "back door" tabling, where Ministers simply give their documents to the
Clerk during the day. The tabling is not done formally in the House of Commons. In both
cases, the name of the document is entered in the Journals of the House for that day.
This is the official record that the document was tabled and is available for all to read.
Most documents tabled in the House are automatically referred to one of the standing
committees, so that the committee, if it wishes, can study them or have them as
information on their ongoing examination of the department.
Why It's Important
Tabling of documents is important because it makes documents public. Copies are now
available to the media, and Ministers may quote the documents during debates.
What You Need To Do
1. Visit the Government of Canada Web site at www.canada.gc.ca. Find a
department's Web site (for example, Environment, Health, National Defence). Find
and print five documents that have been tabled in the House of Commons. Include
their full titles and dates.
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2. Choose one of these documents to table in the simulation. If the document is less
than 10 pages, print out the whole document. If it is more than 10 pages, print out
the introductory material and the first few pages.
3. As a group, read through the House of Commons Simulation Script "Tabling of
Documents."
4. Record today's observations in your learning log.
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House of Commons Pre-Simulation Activities
Presentation of Reports from Standing or Special Committees
Who's Involved
Government Backbench
What It Is
Committees study specific subjects and then present reports to the House of Commons.
They do research and often make recommendations. Committees also study bills and
make amendments, or changes, to them.
There are two basic types of committees:
•
A standing committee is formed at the beginning of a parliamentary session.
•
A special committee is created as needed to examine a specific bill or issue.
During Routine Proceedings, the Speaker calls for committee reports. Committee chairs
rise in turn to present their reports. If some committee members disagree with certain
ideas in a report, and the rest of the committee agrees, those who disagree may
append a dissenting opinion report that gives their opposing views. They may only do
this, however, if the report does not deal with a bill.
Why It's Important
Presentation of committee reports is important because it provides parliamentarians
with specific, detailed information that there is no time to gather in the House of
Commons. Once a committee has presented a report, MPs can read it, form opinions
on it and debate it in due course.
Although committees are small, they have a great deal of responsibility. They have the
power to revise bills that may eventually become law. They may reduce the amount of
money requested in Government Estimates. They may make recommendations in areas
within their mandates.
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What You Need To Do
1. For the purposes of this activity, you will gather in a special committee. Since both
Government and Opposition parties are represented on committees, you will likely
hold opposing views on the report you choose. Choose a chair for your committee.
2. In your group, research the different kinds of committee reports that can be
presented in Parliament. To find committee reports visit www.parl.gc.ca. Go to
"Committee Business" and choose "Committee Reports of the House of Commons."
3. Choose a committee report and summarize it briefly. Your committee chair will read
this summary aloud in the simulation.
4. Prepare a dissenting (opposing) opinion for an Opposition party committee member
to present in the simulation.
5. As a group, read through the House of Commons Simulation Script "Presentation of
Committee Reports."
6. Record today's observations in your learning log.
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House of Commons Pre-Simulation Activities
Introduction of a Government Bill
Who's Involved
Cabinet
What It Is
Introduction brings a bill into Parliament during that part of the day called Routine
Proceedings. The bill is printed, distributed, given a number and placed on the Order
Paper.
A bill can be introduced in either the Senate or House of Commons. If it is a bill that
authorizes spending, however, it must be introduced in the House of Commons.
In this exercise, you will choose a bill to introduce into Parliament. You will continue to
use this bill throughout the stages of preparation and in the simulation.
Why It's Important
Introduction is important because it makes the bill public. Parliamentarians can now
read the bill and decide if they are going to support it. The media now have access to
the proposed law and a public debate is possible.
The "reading" of a bill derives from an ancient parliamentary practice that originated in
the United Kingdom. At that time, when the technology was not yet available to
reproduce large numbers of copies at low cost, bills were introduced in handwritten
form, one copy at a time. In order for parliamentarians to know what the content of the
bill was, the Clerk read the document to them: the idea of reading the bill was taken
literally. Today, a bill is no longer read aloud, but the formality of holding a "reading" is
preserved.
What You Need To Do
1. With your group, review what you have learned about introduction in the background
lesson "How a Bill Becomes a Law."
2. Read over the selected sample bill.
3. Prepare your own short summary (about 250 words) of the aims and provisions of
the bill.
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4. As a group, read through the House of Commons Simulation Script "Introduction of a
Government Bill."
5. Record today's observations in your learning log.
Optional Activity
View the status of a bill currently before Parliament. To find a sample bill visit
http://www.parl.gc.ca. Use the A-Z index (Quick Links) to find LEGISINFO.
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House of Commons Pre-Simulation Activities
Presentation of Petitions
Who's Involved
Government Backbench, Third Party
What It Is
A petition is a document signed by many citizens that asks the Government to do
something about a specific problem.
During Routine Proceedings, the Speaker asks MPs to present petitions they have
received from citizens in their ridings. MPs with petitions take the floor, in turn. They
state briefly what the petition is about, where it is from and how many signatures it
contains. This is called presenting a petition by the "front door." MPs may also present a
petition by the "back door," where they simply give it to the Clerk at any time during a
sitting. It is not presented formally in the House of Commons. In both cases, the petition
is recorded in the Journals of the House for that day and so becomes public knowledge.
Although the MP who presents the petition is required to sign the back of the petition in
order to present it (called endorsing the petition), he or she does not necessarily have to
agree with the opinions it expresses.
Any MP wishing to present a petition to the House of Commons must first submit it to
the Clerk of Petitions for examination. The Clerk checks to see that the format is correct
and the content appropriate. If all is in order, the Clerk certifies the petition for
presentation and the MP may then present it when he or she chooses.
By the rules of the House of Commons, the Government must respond to all petitions
within 45 days.
Why It's Important
Petitions enable ordinary Canadians to communicate with Parliament. Citizens develop
petitions to bring public concerns to the Government's attention and to influence policy
making and legislation.
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What You Need To Do
1. In your group, discuss what kinds of issues your constituents might want to petition
Parliament about.
2. Choose an issue.
3. Develop a petition to submit to the House of Commons using the handout
"Petitioning the House of Commons" for information about format and content.
4. As a group, read through the House of Commons Simulation Script "Presentation of
Petitions."
5. Choose one member of your group to present the petition in the simulation. Using
the House of Commons Simulation Script "Presentation of Petitions," prepare what
that MP will say.
6. Have your chosen MP endorse the petition (i.e., sign the reverse side of it).
7. Record today's observations in your learning log.
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House of Commons Pre-Simulation Activities
Second Reading of a Government Bill
Who's Involved
Cabinet, Government Backbench, Official Opposition, Third Party
What It Is
Second reading is a critical stage in the passage of a Government bill. It takes place
during that part of the day called Government Orders. For the first time, MPs have the
chance to debate the bill, either defending or opposing it.
In this exercise, you will develop arguments for and against the bill that you have
selected. You may also propose an amendment to the motion for second reading. For
example, you may propose that second reading take place in six months or that the
order for second reading be discharged and the subject matter of the bill be referred to
a particular committee.
Why It's Important
Second reading is important because it is the first time that MPs can debate the bill. The
Minister responsible for the bill will normally begin the debate. He or she will describe
the bill's purpose and state why it should be read a second time. The Leader of the
Opposition will criticize the bill and state why it should not be read a second time. A
number of MPs may then join the debate and present brief arguments for or against the
bill.
The media keep the public informed about all important issues debated in the House of
Commons.
What You Need To Do
1. If you are in the Cabinet or Government Backbench, develop arguments for the bill.
If you are in the Official Opposition or Third Party, develop arguments against it.
Choose which members of your group will speak on the bill during the simulation.
Cabinet speakers should include:
•
•
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the Prime Minister
the Minister responsible for the bill
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Official Opposition speakers should include:
•
•
the Leader of the Opposition
the Opposition Critic (Shadow Minister)
Third Party speakers should include:
•
•
the Party Leader
the Critic
Decide which speaker will present each argument you have developed.
2. The Minister responsible for the bill and the Leader of the Opposition should prepare
three-minute speeches. The Leader of the Third Party and any other MPs speaking
should prepare one- to two-minute speeches.
3. One MP from each opposition party should prepare an amendment to the motion for
second reading. Only one amendment can be moved at a time. An amendment must
be debated and voted on before another amendment can be moved.
4. As a group, read through the House of Commons Simulation Script "Second
Reading of a Government Bill."
5. Record today's observations in your learning log.
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House of Commons Pre-Simulation Activities
MPs' Statements
Who's Involved
Government Backbench, Official Opposition, Third Party
What It Is
This procedure gives MPs an opportunity to speak for a maximum of one minute on a
subject of particular interest to them. The Speaker allows up to 15 MPs to make
statements each day. When choosing who will speak, the Speaker considers the
representation of the parties in the House of Commons.
Why It's Important
MPs' Statements allow MPs who are not Ministers to speak to the House of Commons
about any subject of international, national, provincial or local concern. This is an
effective way for MPs to inform their constituents and the public about their views. It
also allows them to publicly present the opinions of their constituents.
What You Need To Do
1. As a group, pick one person (who is not the House Leader, Whip or Shadow
Minister) to represent a constituency or region that your group has chosen.
2. With your group, search the debates on www.parl.gc.ca to find MPs' Statements
from the chosen region/constituency. Go to "Chamber Business" and choose
"Debates" from the House of Commons. Write a short summary of one of the
statements.
3. Your group will prepare a one-minute MPs' Statement on a topic that is important to
the chosen region/constituency. Your group representative will present the
statement.
4. As a group, read through the House of Commons Simulation Script "MPs'
Statements."
5. Record today's observations in your learning log.
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House of Commons Pre-Simulation Activities
Question Period
Who's Involved
Cabinet, Official Opposition, Third Party
What It Is
Question Period is the time when MPs may ask questions of the Government. The
questions can cover any area within the Government's responsibility. MPs do not have
to give notice before asking the questions. Many of you may already be familiar with
Question Period from television news coverage.
Why It's Important
By asking questions during Question Period, MPs are seeking information for their
constituents, and for all Canadians. Equally important, MPs are holding the Government
accountable for its actions on a daily basis.
The right to seek information from the Government and the right to hold Government
accountable for its administrative policies and the conduct of its Ministers are
recognized as two of the fundamental principles of parliamentary democracy. Question
Period, or Oral Questions as it is more formally called, often dramatically highlights
these principles.
In the House of Commons, there is a daily 45-minute period for Oral Questions, during
which MPs can ask Ministers any question about their areas of responsibility, without
letting them know in advance. Both Opposition MPs and Government Ministers prepare
carefully for the event.
While Question Period in the House of Commons attracts a great deal of media
attention, it is important to remember that most debate takes place at other times, when
MPs discuss proposed laws and other business.
What You Need To Do
1. As a group, review actual Question Periods in the printed or on-line versions of the
debates. To find "Oral Questions" on-line, visit www.parl.gc.ca. Use the A-Z index
(Quick Links) to find "Debates." Choose any date, and go to "Oral Questions." Pay
close attention to the ways in which the questions are worded and answered.
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2. If Parliament is sitting, it is helpful to watch TV coverage of Question Period on the
parliamentary channel or news. It is carried live each day and is rebroadcast each
evening. You should also research the guidelines for Question Period in the Précis
of Procedure at www.parl.gc.ca. Use the A-Z index (Quick Links) to find "Procedure,"
then choose Précis of Procedure.
3. Review newspaper, radio and TV news coverage for a few days to learn about
important national and local issues. Make a list of these issues to use as the basis
for questions, and share the issues you have identified with your group.
4. As a group, narrow down everyone's list of issues to five topics that cover both
national and local issues. Remember, they must be within the jurisdiction of the
federal Parliament. Identify which MPs (including the Prime Minister) would be
responsible for addressing these topics.
5. If you are in the Official Opposition and Third Party groups, prepare one question for
each of the five agreed-upon topics. If you are in the Cabinet group, anticipate what
questions might be asked about these topics, then come up with answers.
6. As a group, read through the House of Commons Simulation Script "Question
Period."
7. Record today's observations in your learning log.
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House of Commons Pre-Simulation Activities
Consideration of a Bill in Committee
Who's Involved
Cabinet, Government Backbench, Official Opposition, Third Party
What It Is
After the introduction and second reading of a House Government bill, it is usually sent
to the appropriate committee. Occasionally a bill will be dealt with in Committee of the
Whole.
Committee consideration is the first time that MPs are allowed to consider and amend
the wording of the bill in detail. The committee may hold public hearings and call
witnesses who will offer their views on the bill and answer questions. The committee
then proceeds to a detailed clause-by-clause consideration of the bill. Each clause is
voted on. The committee must approve the wording of the bill, making any changes it
wishes. It then reports the bill, with or without amendments, back to the House of
Commons.
Why It's Important
Committees often make very important changes to the wording of bills to clarify or
improve them.
What You Need To Do
1. With the other members of your own party, review the sample bill that will be
considered in committee during the simulation. Discuss the following questions:
•
•
•
•
Who does the bill affect?
Are there any flaws in the bill?
Should parts be removed?
Does anything need to be added or changed?
Note for Opposition Members:
Individually, Opposition MPs are to develop a list of amendments to improve
the bill. An amendment means adding, removing or rewording something to
make the bill clearer or more effective. Opposition MPs may also write a few
questions to ask the governing party during the committee meeting.
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Together, the Opposition MPs will decide which amendments they want to put
forward and which committee members will move the amendments during the
meeting. The group will also decide which questions will be directed to the
governing party.
Note for Government Members:
MPs may also consider whether they wish to propose any amendments to the
bill during the committee meeting. Individually, try to anticipate bill-related
questions that might be asked by members of the Opposition. On your own,
list some points that the Minister should make in his or her opening remarks
to the committee about the importance and purpose of the bill.
Together, the MPs from the governing party are to discuss and write
responses to the possible questions that Opposition MPs may raise during
the meeting. The group will finalize the Minister's opening remarks.
2. Prepare questions for witnesses who might appear before the committee.
3. With your group, read through the House of Commons Simulation Script
"Consideration of a Bill in Committee."
4. Record today's observations in your leaning log.
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House of Commons Pre-Simulation Activities
Adjournment Proceedings
Who's Involved
Cabinet, Official Opposition, Third Party
What It Is
Adjournment Proceedings are held at the daily adjournment of the House of Commons.
The motion to adjourn the Commons is debatable, meaning that MPs can raise issues
before adjourning. MPs who were not satisfied with the answer to their question during
Question Period can raise the matter during the Adjournment Proceedings. (They must
first, however, give written notice to the Clerk who puts their names on a list.)
At around 5 p.m., the names of the three MPs who were selected to be on that
evening's Adjournment Proceedings list are read to the House of Commons in order that
everyone can be prepared. During the 30-minute proceedings, the MP raising a matter
has a specified time to speak. The Minister or Parliamentary Secretary is also limited to
a specific time.
Procedure
Three MPs may raise matters for 10 minutes each, as follows:
•
•
•
•
four minutes for Member
four minutes for Minister or Parliamentary Secretary
one minute for Member to reply
one minute for Minister or Parliamentary Secretary to reply
Why It's Important
Adjournment Proceedings give MPs a chance to spend more time explaining their
question or point of view. The proceedings also provide a way to obtain more
information from the Government, to hold the Government accountable, and to give
"backbenchers" a way to publicly raise and comment on an issue.
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What You Need To Do
1. In your group, use Hansard to find an example of a question raised during the
Adjournment Proceedings.
2. Discuss the question and write a brief summary.
3. With your group, prepare an adjournment question. This will be an expanded version
of one of the questions you developed during the Question Period lesson.
4. As a group, read through the House of Commons Simulation Script "Adjournment
Proceedings."
5. Record today's observations in your learning log.
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House of Commons Pre-Simulation Activities
What Happens to a Bill after Committee Consideration
Who's Involved
Cabinet, Government Backbench, Official Opposition, Third Party
What It Is
After a committee has reported a bill back to the House (with or without amendments),
there still remain two further steps in the consideration of a bill by the House: report
stage and third reading.
Report stage can be procedurally somewhat complicated. If there are no amendments
proposed for report stage or when the amendments have been dealt with, the bill then
proceeds to third reading.
The debate at third reading is very similar to the second reading debate.
Why It's Important
It can be a very important step when the House is dealing with a controversial bill.
What You Need To Do
1. Review the flow chart and handout from "How a Bill Becomes a Law."
2. Discuss with your classmates the significance of report stage and third reading.
3. Record today's observations in your learning log.
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House of Commons Pre-Simulation Activities
Caucus Meeting
Who's Involved
Cabinet, Government Backbench, Official Opposition, Third Party
What It Is
Each political party's caucus consists of all its Senators and MPs. The caucuses meet
privately to work out their positions on current issues in Parliament. MPs plan what they
will say on legislation, what amendments they might propose, develop questions and
answers for Question Period, and decide which MPs' Statements will be made. Larger
political parties, in addition to their main caucus, will have regional or provincial caucus
meetings to discuss local issues and policies.
Why It's Important
In caucus meetings, Senators and MPs plan for Parliament. Because the meetings are
private (in camera), parliamentarians can discuss freely what they think and feel.
Caucus meetings give Senators and MPs the opportunity to influence the party's
position on issues of concern to their constituents. Caucus also enables
parliamentarians to resolve conflicts away from public view.
What You Need To Do
1. Gather in your caucus. Review the events your group will participate in during the
simulation.
2. Make sure that each member of your group knows what he or she has to do and say
for each event. Also make sure that your fellow caucus members have all of their
documents ready and have prepared their speeches, questions and responses.
3. As you go through each event, check it off on the "Student Preparation Sheet."
4. Record today's observations in your learning log.
CANADA
© 2006
Library of
Parliament
This page is from the Model Parliament Unit teaching resource. Permission is granted for teachers to reproduce
the materials for classroom use. For information on this resource, please contact the Library of Parliament
Information Service at 1-866-599-4999 or check www.parl.gc.ca/education.
Page 1 of 1
Model Parliament Unit
Caucus Meeting: Student Preparation Sheet
Group Name: __________________________________________
My Role: __________________________________________
Event
Number
Parliamentary Event
1
Opening of Sitting
2
Tabling of Documents
3
Introduction of a Government Bill
4
Presentation of Reports from
Committees
5
Presentation of Petitions
6
Second Reading of a Bill
7
MPs' Statements
8
Question Period
9
Consideration of a Bill in Committee
10
Adjournment Proceedings
I am to do or say …
Document
Attached
Things to remember:
CANADA
© 2006
Library of
Parliament
This page is from the Model Parliament Unit teaching resource. Permission is granted for teachers to reproduce
the materials for classroom use. For information on this resource, please contact the Library of Parliament
Information Service at 1-866-599-4999 or check www.parl.gc.ca/education.
Page 1 of 1
Model Parliament Unit
House of Commons Pre-Simulation Activities
Royal Assent
Who's Involved
Cabinet, Government Backbench, Official Opposition, Third Party, Government in the
Senate, Opposition Party in the Senate, Independent Senators, Speakers, Sergeant-atArms, Clerks
What It Is
Royal Assent is the approval by a representative of the Crown of a bill passed in
identical terms by the House of Commons and the Senate making it an Act of
Parliament.
Since 2002, Royal Assent may be signified in two ways:
•
by a traditional ceremony in the Senate Chamber
•
by a written declaration which takes place at either Rideau Hall (the Governor
General signifying assent) or at the Supreme Court (if the Deputy of the Governor
General signifies assent)
Why It’s Important
Royal Assent is the final stop in the passage of a bill, making it an Act of Parliament. It
is an essential step in a constitutional monarchy.
What You Need To Do
1. Review the process of Royal Assent.
2. Research the history of Royal Assent.
3. Discuss – Why has the traditional ceremony endured? How is it a significant part of
the legislative process?
4. Record today’s observations in your learning log.
CANADA
© 2006
Library of
Parliament
This page is from the Model Parliament Unit teaching resource. Permission is granted for teachers to reproduce
the materials for classroom use. For information on this resource, please contact the Library of Parliament
Information Service at 1-866-599-4999 or check www.parl.gc.ca/education.
Page 1 of 1