Name: __________________________________________________ Class: _________ Date: _____________ American History Unit 1 Study Guide: Colonies and Revolution Teacher: Mize 3.1 The Southern Colonies 1. Define the following key terms: Jamestown Indentured Servants the first colony in America; set up in 1607 along the James River in Virginia *see glossary of textbook (too long to type) a Maryland law that made restricting religious rights of Christians a crime. 2. What problems did the colonists at Jamestown face? The problems the colonists at Jamestown faced included inexperienced settlers, lack of preparation, disease, starvation, and poor location because of fresh water supply and swampland. 3. How did the London Company’s headright system work? The London Company’s headright system worked by giving colonists who paid their own way to Virginia 50 acres of land and earn an additional 50 acres for every additional person brought from England. 4. What factors led to the increased use of slave labor in Virginia? The factors that led to the increased use of slave labor in Virginia were the greater demand for workers than indentured servants could fill and the falling price of slaves. 5. Explain how the Toleration Act of 1649 was significant to America’s development. (Think 1st Amendment) The Toleration Act of 1649 was significant to America’s development because it showed the government wanted to offer some religious freedom and protect the rights of minority groups. 6. What did the economies of the Southern Colonies depend upon? ____________________________________________ The economies of the Southern Colonies depended upon agriculture, mainly from plantations. 3.2 The New England Colonies 7. Define the following key terms: Toleration Act of 1649 Puritans Protestants who wanted to reform the Church of England. Pilgrims a member of a Puritan Separatist sect that left England to settle in America. Mayflower Compact *see glossary of textbook (too long to type) 8. Complete the Venn diagram describing the similarities and differences of the Puritans and the Pilgrims. Puritans Pilgrims Move to America Wanted to reform Church of Wanted to separate from the Puritan England from within. Church of England. Settle mainly in New England From England 9. What effect did the Mayflower Compact have on the development of constitutional democracy in America? The Mayflower Compact effected the development of constitutional democracy in America by resting the authority of government on covenants/sacred agreements. 10. What role did religion play in the government of New England? The role religion played in the government of New England was that both politics and religion were closely linked. Government leaders were also church members while male church members were the only colonists who could vote. 11. Label and describe the main economies of New England. Merchants Merchants would trade goods locally, with other colonies, and overseas. Shipbuilding This area had plenty of forests that provided material for ships needed in fishing and trade. 3.3 The Middle Colonies 12. Define the following key terms: Fishing The rich waters served as home to many fish and whales, which became profitable to harvest Skilled Craftspeople People worked in skilled trades like weaving, blacksmithing, shipbuilding, and printing. William Penn *See page 86 in your textbook Staple Crops a crop that is continuously in demand. 13. Who started the colony of Pennsylvania and why was it created? William Penn started the colony of Pennsylvania as a refuge for Quakers. 14. What are the staple crops that are grown in the Middle Colonies? The staple crops that are grown in the Middle Colonies were wheat, barley and oats. 3.4 Life in the English Colonies 15. Define the following key terms: English Bill of Rights a shift of political power from the British monarchy to Parliament. Triangular Trade trading networks where goods & slaves moved among America, Eng. & Afr. Olaudah Equiano a slave who paid for his freedom and devoted his life to ending slavery. 16. Why was the English Bill of Rights important? The English Bill of Rights was important because it reduced the powers of the English monarch and influenced the writers of the U.S. Constitution. 17. Complete the triangular trade map. List what items are traded on each route below. * see map on page 92 #1 #4 #2 #5 #3 #6 18. Who did the British fight over settlements in the Ohio River Valley in 1753? The British fought the French and Native Americans over settlements in the Ohio River Valley in 1753. 19. What were the terms of the Treaty of Paris of 1763? 1. Canada was given to Britain 2. Britain gained all French land east of the Mississippi River except N.O. and two other islands 3. Britain gained Florida from Spain 3.5 Conflict in the Colonies 20. Define the following key terms: Committees of Correspondence *see glossary for definition Sugar Act a law that taxed sugar and molasses. Boston Massacre an incident in which British soldiers fired into a crowd of colonists, killing 5. Intolerable Acts laws passed by Parliament to punish the colonists for the Boston Tea Party 21. What was the first act passed specifically to raise money in the colonies and why was it passed? The Sugar Act was the first act passed specifically to raise money in the colonies and was passed to help pay for the French and Indian War and keep a standing army in the colonies for protection. 22. Why was the idea of taxation without representation so important to the revolutionary cause? The idea of taxation without representation was important to the revolutionary cause because colonists believed King George III had violated their rights by taxing them without their consent. 23. Complete the chart, describing each of the acts and laws that were placed on the colonies. Sugar Act Placed a tax on sugar and molasses imported by the colonists. Stamp Act Passed in 1765 -­‐ required colonists to pay for an official stamp or seal when they bought paper items like legal documents, newspapers, pamphlets, and playing cards. Declaratory Act A law which stated that Parliament had the power to make laws for the colonies in all cases whatsoever. Townshend Acts Passed in 1767 – placed duties (taxes) on glass, lead, paints, paper, and tea. Tea Act Passed in 1773 – a law that allowed the British East India Company to sell tea directly to the colonists. Coercive Acts Passed in the Spring of 1774 – also called the Intolerable Acts directed at punishing Boston for their actions during the Boston Tea Party. 24. How was the engraving “The Bloody Massacre” by Paul Revere an example of propaganda and how would it sway colonists’ opinions and feelings against Britain? The engraving “The Bloody Massacre” by Paul Revere is an example of propaganda because it was created to give only the colonists’ side of the story and it would sway colonists’ opinions against Britain because it shows the British soldiers aggressively attacking the peaceful colonists. 4.1 The Revolution Begins 25. Define the following key terms: 1st Continental Congress gathering of colonial leaders meeting to discuss rel. between Am & GB 2nd Continental Congress Colonial leaders meeting a 2nd time to discuss rel. between Am & GB Continental Army army created by 2nd Continental Congress to defend America from Britain. Battle of Lexington Considered the first battle of the Revolutionary War. 26. The 1st Continental Congress -­‐ Attempts at war: Told colonial militias to prepare for war and boycotted British goods -­‐ Attempts at peace: Drafted the Declaration of Rights – listing their grievances to the king 27. What was the purpose of Paul Revere’s famous midnight ride? The purpose of Paul Revere’s famous midnight ride was to alert the colonists that the British soldiers were marching towards Concord. 28. The 2nd Continental Congress -­‐ Attempts at war: Created the Continental Army -­‐ Attempts at peace: Delegates signed the Olive Branch Petition as a final attempt to restore peace. 4.2 Declaring Independence 29. Define the following key terms: Common Sense pamphlet written by T. Paine to convince Am’s to break away from Britain Loyalists colonists who sided with Britain in the American Revolution. 30. Why did Thomas Paine’s Common Sense pamphlet inspire many colonists to support independence from Britain? Thomas Paine’s Common Sense pamphlet inspired many colonists to support independence from Britain because it was written like a common person for common people. 31. Complete the chart over the different parts of the Declaration of Independence. Part #1 Declaration of Rights Part #2 Complaints Against King Part #3 Justification of Actions Thomas Jefferson argues that all people… possess unalienable rights, including the rights of life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. Thomas Jefferson states that King George III had violated colonists’ rights by… taxing them without their consent, passed unfair laws, interfering with colonial governments, and burdened the colonies by stationing a large British army there. Thomas Jefferson states that the colonies had the right to… break from Britain Because King George III had broken the social contract. 32. Which groups were not mentioned in the Declaration of Independence? The groups that were not mentioned in the D.O.I. were women, Native Americans, and African slaves. 33. The Declaration of Independence conveyed a message that wasn’t consistent with the practice of slavery. 4.3 The Struggle for Liberty 34. Define the following key terms: Battle of Trenton Important Patriot victory, saving the cont. army and the revolution. Battle of Saratoga A Patriot victory that became the turning point of the Revolutionary War. 35. Complete the chart that goes over battles of the Revolutionary War. Battle Significance/Importance Canada Patriot loss ended the possibility of a 14th colony in Canada. Battle of Trenton Patriot victory boosted morale, causing many soldiers to re-­‐enlist and new soldiers joined, saving the army and the revolution. Battle of Saratoga Patriot victory was the greatest victory for the American forces, boosting morale and turned the war around in favor of the Patriots. War at Sea Patriots were able to effectively win battles and capture supplies from the British despite the strong British navy. 36. What challenges did the Continental Army face at Valley Forge? The challenges the Continental Army faced at Valley Forge included starvation and a lack of basic supplies during a tough winter. 4.4 Independence 37. Define the following key terms: Battle of Yorktown This Patriot victory was the last major battle of the Revolutionary War. Treaty of Paris 1783 The treaty between Britain and American Colonies that ended the Rev. War. 38. Why did the British choose to move the war out of New England and into the Southern Colonies? The British chose to move the war out of New England and into the Southern Colonies because the war in New England wasn’t going well and they hoped to find support from the large Loyalist population. 39. What is the significance of the Battle of Yorktown? The significance of the Battle of Yorktown is that it was a Patriot victory that was the last major battle of the Revolutionary War. 40. List the 3 main provisions of the Treaty of Paris of 1783. Provision #1: Revolutionary War is officially over Provision #2: Britain recognized the independence of the American Colonies Provision #3: Britain accepted American rights to settle and trade west of the original 13 colonies 41. What happened in a separate treaty between Britain and Spain following the Revolutionary War? In a separate treaty between Britain and Spain following the Revolutionary War Florida returned to Spain.