BSBMED301B Interpret and Apply Medical Terminology Appropriately Medical Administration Training Written by Jennifer Atkins www.mediweb.com.au © Jennifer Atkins BSBMED301B Interpret and Apply Medical Terminology Page | 1 Copyright Copyright © Jennifer Atkins 2013.2 © 2009 Version 1 This training manual is copyright under the Copyright Act 1968. Any third party copyright material included in this publication is attributed. Jennifer Atkins asserts her ownership of the Intellectual Property contained in this training manual. All rights are reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, transmitted, transcribed, stored in a retrieval system, utilised, distributed, or translated into any other language in whole or in part, in any form or by any means, by any other party whether it be electronic, manual, photocopying, recording, or otherwise. Copying without authorisation is illegal. Disclaimer Every attempt has been made to ensure this workbook is free from errors or omissions. However, as an educational resource, all effort should be made to ensure you seek professional advice before relying on any statement or fact contained herein. Material in this workbook is current at the time of writing. Jennifer Atkins Medical Administration Training www.mediweb.com.au © Jennifer Atkins BSBMED301B Interpret and Apply Medical Terminology Page | 2 Table of Contents RESOURCES: HELPFUL WEBSITES ............................................................................ 7 BSBMED301B: INTERPRET AND APPLY MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY APPROPRIATELY... 9 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................... 13 WHAT IS MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY? 14 HOW IS MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY COMMUNICATED? 15 POLICIES AND PROCEDURES 16 SPECIALIST AREAS OF MEDICINE 21 CHECKLISTS 23 LEARNING MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY ..................................................................... 27 ROOT WORD 28 COMBINING VOWEL 29 COMBINING FORM 29 PREFIX 30 SUFFIX 30 RULES WHEN JOINING MEDICAL TERMS TOGETHER 32 LITERAL MEANING OF MEDICAL TERMS 40 SEEK CLARIFICATION 41 DICTIONARY MEANING VERSUS LITERAL MEANING 42 AUSTRALIAN VERSUS AMERICAN SPELLING 44 SINGULAR AND PLURAL WORDS 46 PRONUNCIATION 49 MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY ACTIVITIES 52 MEDICAL ABBREVIATIONS.................................................................................... 61 MEDICAL ABBREVIATIONS WRITTEN ON SCRIPTS 62 LIST OF COMMON MEDICAL ABBREVIATIONS 66 SYMBOLS 68 SYSTEMS OF THE BODY ........................................................................................ 77 ELEVEN MAIN SYSTEMS OF THE HUMAN BODY 77 ANATOMICAL PLANES AND POSITIONS ................................................................ 85 PLANES OF THE BODY 86 BODY CAVITIES 87 © Jennifer Atkins BSBMED301B Interpret and Apply Medical Terminology Page | 3 DIRECTION AND LOCATION 88 LIST OF TERMS FOR POSITION AND DIRECTION 90 MOVEMENT OF JOINTS 91 ABDOMINOPELVIC QUADRANTS AND REGIONS 93 MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY ACTIVITIES 96 INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM ................................................................................. 103 INTERESTING FACTS ON THE INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM 104 THE LAYERS OF THE SKIN 105 FUNCTIONS OF THE SKIN 105 SKIN COLOUR 106 MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY ACTIVITIES 113 GLOSSARY OF INTEGUMENTARY TERMS 124 SKELETAL SYSTEM .............................................................................................. 127 INTERESTING FACTS ON THE SKELETAL SYSTEM 128 FUNCTIONS OF THE SKELETON 129 TYPES OF FRACTURES 130 THE FIVE SECTIONS OF THE SPINE 133 MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY ACTIVITIES 136 NAMES OF SKELETAL BONES 149 GLOSSARY OF SKELETAL TERMS 151 MUSCULAR SYSTEM ........................................................................................... 155 INTERESTING FACTS ON THE MUSCULAR SYSTEM 156 HOW MUSCLES ARE NAMED 157 MAJOR MUSCLES OF THE BODY 157 MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY ACTIVITIES 161 NAMES OF MUSCLES 173 GLOSSARY OF MUSCULAR TERMS 175 DIGESTIVE SYSTEM............................................................................................. 179 INTERESTING FACTS ON THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM 180 FUNCTIONS OF THE DIGESTIVE ORGANS 182 PATIENT INFORMATION SHEET 185 MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY ACTIVITIES 192 GLOSSARY OF DIGESTIVE TERMS 202 © Jennifer Atkins BSBMED301B Interpret and Apply Medical Terminology Page | 4 CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM ................................................................................ 207 INTERESTING FACTS ON THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM 208 FUNCTIONS OF THE CARDIOVASCULAR ORGANS 209 ELECTROCARDIOGRAM (ECG) 212 HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE 215 MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY ACTIVITIES 220 GLOSSARY OF CARDIOVASCULAR TERMS 230 RESPIRATORY SYSTEM ....................................................................................... 233 INTERESTING FACTS ON THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM 234 FUNCTIONS OF THE ORGANS OF RESPIRATION 235 ASTHMA 238 MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY ACTIVITIES 244 GLOSSARY OF RESPIRATORY TERMS 254 NERVOUS SYSTEM ............................................................................................. 257 INTERESTING FACTS ON THE NERVOUS SYSTEM 258 THE BRAIN AND THE SENSES 260 FUNCTIONS OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM 261 MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY ACTIVITIES 266 GLOSSARY OF NERVOUS SYSTEM TERMS 276 ENDOCRINE SYSTEM .......................................................................................... 281 INTERESTING FACTS ON THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM 282 FUNCTIONS OF THE ENDOCRINE GLANDS 283 MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY ACTIVITIES 289 GLOSSARY OF ENDOCRINE TERMS 299 LYMPHATIC SYSTEM........................................................................................... 303 INTERESTING FACTS ON THE LYMPHATIC SYSTEM 304 THE ROLE OF THE LYMPHATIC SYSTEM 305 FUNCTIONS OF THE LYMPHATIC ORGANS AND TISSUES 306 MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY ACTIVITIES 309 GLOSSARY OF LYMPHATIC AND IMMUNE TERMS 318 URINARY SYSTEM .............................................................................................. 321 INTERESTING FACTS ON THE URINARY SYSTEM © Jennifer Atkins BSBMED301B Interpret and Apply Medical Terminology 322 Page | 5 HOW DOES YOUR BODY REMOVE WASTE? 323 URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS 323 FUNCTIONS OF THE URINARY ORGANS 325 MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY ACTIVITIES 329 GLOSSARY OF URINARY TERMS 338 REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM ..................................................................................... 343 INTERESTING FACTS ON THE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM 344 FUNCTIONS OF THE REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS 345 MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY ACTIVITIES 350 GLOSSARY OF REPRODUCTIVE TERMS 359 RADIOLOGY ....................................................................................................... 363 INTERESTING FACTS ABOUT RADIOLOGY 363 X-RAY 364 CT SCAN (COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY): 364 ULTRASOUND 365 MRI (MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING) 366 MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY ACTIVITIES 370 GLOSSARY OF RADIOLOGY TERMS 380 PATHOLOGY....................................................................................................... 385 INTERESTING FACTS ABOUT PATHOLOGY 385 NINE DIFFERENT DISCIPLINES OF PATHOLOGY 386 MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY ACTIVITIES 391 GLOSSARY OF PATHOLOGY TERMS 399 ASSESSMENT CRITERIA....................................................................................... 403 © Jennifer Atkins BSBMED301B Interpret and Apply Medical Terminology Page | 6 RESOURCES: HELPFUL WEBSITES Professional Associations and Medical Standards AGPAL Australian General Practice Accreditation Ltd www.qip.com.au Australian Association of Practice Managers www.aapm.org.au Australian Health Practitioner Regulation Agency http://www.ahpra.gov.au/ Australian Medical Association (AMA) www.ama.com.au General Practice Computer Standards http://www.racgp.org.au/yourpractice/e-health/cis/ciss/ General Practice Registrars Australia www.gpra.org.au Health Services Commission http://www.health.vic.gov.au./hsc/ Medical Practice Act 1992 www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/nsw/consol_act/mpa1992128/s167.html NSW Rural Doctors Network www.nswrdn.com.au Royal Australian College of General Practitioners (RACGP) www.racgp.org.au State and Territory Doctors Health Advisory www.doctorshealth.org.au Medical and Health Reference sites National vaccine storage guidelines http://www.immunise.health.gov.au Alcohol Awareness Site http://www.drinkingnightmare.gov.au/internet/DrinkingNightmare/publishing.nsf Australian Doctor Online Newspaper http://www.australiandoctor.com.au Cancer Screening Government Site http://www.cancerscreening.gov.au/ Department of Health and Aged Care www.health.gov.au Department of Health, Victoria http://www.health.vic.gov.au Doctors Reference Site www.drsref.com.au Government Website About Health Issues www.healthinsite.gov.au How Do You Measure Up http://www.measureup.gov.au/internet/abhi/publishing.nsf © Jennifer Atkins BSBMED301B Interpret and Apply Medical Terminology Page | 7 Infection Control Guidelines For a Health Setting http://www.nhmrc.gov.au/node/30290 National Skin Cancer Awareness www.skincancer.gov.au Quit Smoking www.quitnow.info.au Royal District Nursing Service www.rdns.com.au Seniors Reference Site www.seniors.gov.au Online Medical Dictionaries Medical Dictionary and Abbreviations http://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au Medical Dictionary http://www.medilexicon.com/medicaldictionary.php Medical Dictionary www.medterms.com Medical Dictionary www.virtualmedicalcentre.com/medical_dictionary.asp Medical Dictionary http://www.mydr.com.au/medical-dictionary Spell Check www.spellex.com/speller.htm Medical Abbreviations Abbreviations http://www.medilexicon.com/medicalabbreviations.php Acronyms www.drsref.com.au/acronyms Health Thesaurus http://www.health.gov.au/internet/main/publishing.nsf/Content/healththesaurus.htm © Jennifer Atkins BSBMED301B Interpret and Apply Medical Terminology Page | 8 BSBMED301B: Interpret and Apply Medical Terminology Appropriately About this unit This unit provides participants with advanced medical terminology skills for general practice, specialist rooms, hospitals and allied health environments. Topics: o Learn the structure of medical words o Prefix/Root/Suffix o Basic and advanced terminology o Systems of the body o Abbreviations and symbols o Pronunciation of medical terms. This unit will teach you the skills and knowledge to be able to: Respond appropriately to instructions which contain medical terminology Carry out routine tasks Use appropriate advanced medical terminology in oral and written communication. About this book This book is suitable for participants in a range of situations, from classroom based learning to distance education learning. The book is developed as a step-by-step learning guide. You are to complete each chapter before moving onto the next section. Activities are provided for you to work through, and once the relevant skills are developed then you can move on to the next part of the book. © Jennifer Atkins BSBMED301B Interpret and Apply Medical Terminology Page | 9 As this is a nationally recognised unit, the activities throughout the book will require you to draw upon your experiences in life, and your mock experiences in a medical environment. These exercises form the basis of your learning so you will develop the skills necessary to meet the required competency for the unit. Competency in the unit will be demonstrated through the completion of the various activities and assessments as determined by your assessor. Nationally Accredited Qualification: This unit is nationally recognised under the Australian Qualifications Framework. Upon completion of this unit you will be awarded competency in BSBMED301B: Interpret and Apply Medical Terminology Appropriately. © Jennifer Atkins BSBMED301B Interpret and Apply Medical Terminology Page | 10 BSBMED301B: Interpret and Apply Medical Terminology Appropriately Description This unit describes the performance outcomes, skills and knowledge required to understand and respond to instructions; to carry out routine tasks and communicate with a range of internal/external clients in a medical environment; and to use appropriate advanced medical terminology. Performance criteria Element Performance Criteria 1. Respond appropriately to instructions which contain medical terminology 1.1 Receive, interpret and document written and oral instructions using medical terminology 1.2 Use checklists where appropriate 1.3 Ensure own understanding of abbreviations for specialised medical terminology and associated processes 1.4 Ensure own understanding of and adhere to, the policies and procedures of the enterprise 1.5 Seek clarification when necessary 2. Carry out routine tasks 2.1 Use medical terminology correctly in the completion of routine tasks 2.2 Seek assistance from supervisor or experienced staff member as required 3. Use appropriate medical terminology in oral and written communication 3.1 Use appropriate medical terminology as directed, in oral communication with patients, fellow workers and health professionals 3.2 Use appropriate medical terminology as directed, in written communication with patients, fellow workers and health professionals 3.3 Present written communication to a designated person for verification if required 3.4 Spell and pronounce medical terminology correctly © Jennifer Atkins BSBMED301B Interpret and Apply Medical Terminology Page | 11 Introduction Effective communication with staff and patients is important in any environment; however it is critical in a medical environment as it underpins patient welfare. While doctors talk to their patients in non-medical or layman’s terms, they use medical terminology in records, reports and correspondence. Often a doctor will pass on verbal instructions to employees, assuming there is an understanding of what these instructions mean. For this reason it is an integral part of the medical office worker’s training to be able to recognise and understand medical terminology. The time spent learning this new language ensures you will confidently communicate with patients and other medical workers. A medical environment is among the busiest of all work environments. A medical office worker is responsible for a wide range of daily tasks which includes scheduling patient appointments, filing, handling payments, typing reports and letters, recording information and maintaining an organised and safe working environment. Medical terminology is embedded in each of these duties. © Jennifer Atkins BSBMED301B Interpret and Apply Medical Terminology Page | 13 Specialist Areas of Medicine What types of specialists do patients see? Patients will see a variety of specialists, all of whom require a referral. There are many different types of specialists. Below is a list of some of the more common specialists and the area they specialise in. Specialist Area Study of… Cardiology The heart Dermatology The skin Endocrinology The glands and their secretions Gastroenterology The stomach and intestines Gynaecology and The Obstetrics pregnancy and childbirth (Obstetrics) Haematology The blood Immunology The immune system Neurology The nervous system Oncology Cancer Ophthalmology The eyes Orthopaedics The skeleton Paediatrics Children Psychiatry The mind Rheumatology The rheumatic system, including joints, muscles, connective female reproductive system (Gynaecology) and tissues, and soft tissues around the joints and bones Urology © Jennifer Atkins The urinary system BSBMED301B Interpret and Apply Medical Terminology Page | 21 Which specialist department do you think patients would be referred to for the following conditions? Physical condition Specialist area required Chronic intestinal pain Chronic Back injury Pregnancy Stomach ulcer Fibromyalgia Chronic eye infections Scarring caused by acne Schizophrenia Persistent urinary tract infections Low iron stores © Jennifer Atkins BSBMED301B Interpret and Apply Medical Terminology Page | 22 Learning Medical Terminology Introduction Learning Medical Terminology is similar to learning a new language. In fact medical terms are based on Latin and Greek words. It is common to feel overwhelmed by the number of new words and terms that are part of a medical environment. However you will be pleased that even the longest medical word can be broken down into components and learnt. The terms you will learn in this book describe common conditions, diseases, and their diagnosis and treatment. There are five basic parts to a medical word: Root word Combining vowel Combining form Prefix Suffix © Jennifer Atkins BSBMED301B Interpret and Apply Medical Terminology Page | 27 Root word The root word is the basic building block of medical words. Most root words are derived from Latin and Greek words. They give you the prime meaning of the medical word which usually refers to a part of the body. For example, cardi means heart. It is used in the word cardiopathy, which means disease of the heart. Other parts of the body have their own medical terminology, as shown below. Body part Medical term Heart cardi Stomach gastr Intestines enter Nose rhin Muscle my/muscul Skeleton skelet Skin dermat Can you underline the root word for the following medical terms, and state the meaning of the root word. Note: You do not need to know the meaning of the whole word; only the meaning of the root word. Medical term (underline root word) Meaning of root word Dermatitis Cardiologist Rhinoplasty Skeleton Epigastric © Jennifer Atkins BSBMED301B Interpret and Apply Medical Terminology Page | 28 Complete the following table to add the prefix to the joining word to make medical terms. Use the table on the following page to assist. The first word has been completed for you. Prefix Meaning Joining word Medical term Meaning of medical word Epi Above Gastric Epigastric Pertaining to above the stomach Micro Small Scope Dys Painful Pnoea Hypo Below/Low Tension Complete the following table to add the suffix to the joining word. Use the table on the following page to assist. The first word has been completed for you. Suffix Meaning Joining word Medical term Meaning of medical word Logist Specialist Cardio Cardiologist Specialist who studies the who studies heart Tomy Incision Gastro Ectomy Removal of Mast Logy Study of Bio Pathy Disease Gastro © Jennifer Atkins BSBMED301B Interpret and Apply Medical Terminology Page | 36 Body Parts with Multiple Root Words Because medical terminology is based on Latin and Greek words, it is possible that a body part will have terms which are derived from both languages. One such example is the nose. The Latin derived word for nose is nas/o and the Greek derived word is rhin/o. Although both these root words mean nose they are not always interchangeable, which means some medical words will use nas/o and others will use rhin/o. For example: Nasogastric tube - is a tube inserted into the stomach through the nose The root word cannot be changed to rhin/o, as the accepted term uses the root word nas/o. Therefore nasogastric is correct and rhinogastric is not correct. Rhinoplasty - is a surgical repair of the nose The root word cannot be changed to nas/o, as the accepted term uses the root word rhin/o. Therefore rhinoplasty is correct and nasoplasty is not correct. If you are unsure which root word to use, check your dictionary as it will display the correct choice of term. Which root word will you use for the following words? (Use your dictionary to assist you) Meaning Possible terms (circle the Correct root word correct one) Relating to the nose (Nasal, Rhinal) Visual examination of the nose (Nasoscopy, Rhinoscopy) Study of the nose © Jennifer Atkins (Nasology, Rhinology) BSBMED301B Interpret and Apply Medical Terminology Page | 38 Australian Versus American Spelling For many words there are two ways of spelling them. It is important to be aware that some spell checks will recognise the American spelling and not the Australian or English spelling. American spelling of medical words do not acknowledge any silent vowels, which means an ‘o’ or an ‘a’ that is not pronounced is not spelt. The other major difference is with the spelling of words where the ‘c’ is pronounced as a ‘k.’ American spelling will spell it with a ‘k’ whereas Australian spelling is with a ‘c’. Common examples are: Australian / English American Oedema Edema Haematology Hematology Colour Color Anaesthesia Anesthesia Foetal Fetal Paediatrician Pediatrician Diarrhoea Diarrhea Haemorrhoid Hemorrhoid Leucocyte Leukocyte Oesophagus Esophagus Sulphate Sulfate Vaporise Vaporize Underline the part of each Australian/English medical word which is omitted or altered in the American spelling. © Jennifer Atkins BSBMED301B Interpret and Apply Medical Terminology Page | 44 The following words have been spelt incorrectly. To spell them correctly refer to the previous table or look up each word in a medical dictionary. American spelling Australian / English spelling Esophagitis Edema Tumor Orthopedic Hemostasis Anesthesia Hemoglobin Leukopenia Diarrhea Behavior Dyspnea Hematologist Anemia Fiber © Jennifer Atkins BSBMED301B Interpret and Apply Medical Terminology Page | 45 Integumentary System Introduction The integumentary system consists of the skin, its glands, hair and nails. Integument means covering. The skin is considered the largest organ of your body. This is because the surface area of the skin on an average adult is 2 m2, weighs 3.5-4.5 kg, and represents 16 percent of your body’s total weight. The thickness of your skin differs throughout your body. High use areas of your body have thicker skin. For example, your skin is thickest on the soles of your feet, and the palms of your hands. © Jennifer Atkins BSBMED301B Interpret and Apply Medical Terminology Page | 103 Interesting facts on the Integumentary System An average adult's skin contains more than 18 kilometres of blood vessels. The skin releases as much as 11 litres of sweat a day in hot weather. The areas that don't sweat are the nail bed, the margins of the lips, and the eardrums. Body odour comes from a second kind of sweat—a fatty secretion produced by the apocrine sweat glands, found mostly around the armpits, and genitals. Body odour is caused by bacteria on the skin eating and digesting those fatty compounds. Globally, dead skin accounts for about a billion tons of dust in the atmosphere. Your skin sheds 50,000 cells every minute. Breasts are a modified form of sweat gland. There are at least five types of receptors in the skin that respond to pain and to touch. One experiment revealed that Meissner corpuscles—touch receptors that are concentrated in the fingertips and palms, lips and tongue, and genitals — respond to a pressure of just 20 milligrams, the weight of a fly. Adapted from: http://discovermagazine.com/2007/feb/20-things-skin/ © Jennifer Atkins 4 February 2010 BSBMED301B Interpret and Apply Medical Terminology Page | 104 Skin Colour The amount of melanin pigment in the skin determines a person’s skin colour (called the skin phototype). The amount of skin pigment a person has can be genetically inherited, due to various diseases, or due to the hormonal changes that occur during pregnancy. The Fitzpatrick Scale is used to classify skin complexion and response to ultraviolet exposure. The table below displays the Fitzpatrick scale. Skin Type Colour Features I White or freckled skin Always burns, never tans II White skin Burns easily, tans poorly III Olive skin Mild burn, gradually tans IV Light brown skin Burns minimally, tans easily V Dark brown skin Rarely burns, tans easily VI Black skin Never burns, always tans Reference: Goldman MP. Shiffman MA, Mirrafati SJ, Lam SM, Cueteaux CG. Simplified Facial Rejuvenation. 2. Springer Berlin Heidelberg; 2007:47-50. © Jennifer Atkins BSBMED301B Interpret and Apply Medical Terminology Page | 106 Colours Many medical conditions have symptoms which are denoted by colouration. Here is a list of different colours and their combining forms. Colour Combining form Example Black Melan/o Melanosis Blue Cyan/o Cyanosis Green Chlor/o Chloroma Grey Poli/o Poliomyelitis Red Erythr/o Erythrocyte Red Eosin/o Eosinophil White Leuc/o Leucocyte White Albin/o Albinism Yellow Cirrh/o Cirrhosis Yellow Xanth/o Xanthoma Yellow Jaund/o Jaundice © Jennifer Atkins BSBMED301B Interpret and Apply Medical Terminology Page | 107 Colour Activity For the following medical terms, use forward slashes to divide the word into parts and then give the meaning of the individual word parts. The first one has been completed for you. Medical term (divide using slashes) Meaning Albin/ism White / condition Chloropsia Cirrhosis Cyanosis Erythrocyte Erythrocytosis Leucocyte Melanoma Melanosis Xanthoma Xanthosis © Jennifer Atkins BSBMED301B Interpret and Apply Medical Terminology Page | 108 Labelled Diagram of the Skin The diagram below is a microscopic cross section of human skin. Hair Epidermis Sweat Gland Sebaceous Gland Dermis Blood Vessels Hair Follicle Subcutaneous Tissue Look up the medical terms in the Glossary of Integumentary Terms (found at the end of this chapter), and write the function of each part of the skin. © Jennifer Atkins BSBMED301B Interpret and Apply Medical Terminology Page | 109 Word Components The following word components are commonly used in the integumentary system. Complete the table by adding meanings and medical words for all word components. Word component Meaning Example Albin/o Chlor/o Cry/o Cold, freezing Cut/i Skin Cyan/o Derm/a Cyanosis Skin Eosin/o Dermatitis Eosinophil Erythr/o Hidr/o Sweat Jaund/o Kerat/o Horny layer of skin Leuc/o, leuk/o Melan/o Myc/o Fungus Onych/o Nail Phyt/o Plant Pil/o Hair Onychomycosis Poli/o Py/o Pus Scab/o To itch Scler/o Hard Seb/o Fat, sebum Sub Beneath, under Trich/o Hair Vesic/o Blister Scabies Xanth/o Xero © Jennifer Atkins Dry BSBMED301B Interpret and Apply Medical Terminology Page | 112 Medical Terminology Activities A. Using your dictionary for clarification, spell the following words correctly 1. Celulitis ___________________________________________________ 2. Dermatitice ___________________________________________________ 3. Papula ___________________________________________________ 4. Alopacea ___________________________________________________ 5. Vitillego ___________________________________________________ 6. Soriasis ___________________________________________________ B. Give the meaning of the following combining forms 1. Melan/o __________________________________________________ 2. Leuc/o ___________________________________________________ 3. Dermat/o ___________________________________________________ 4. Onych/o ___________________________________________________ 5. Trich/o ___________________________________________________ 6. Cry/o ___________________________________________________ C. Give the meaning of the following suffixes 1. –al ___________________________________________________ 2. –auxis ___________________________________________________ 3. –cyte ___________________________________________________ 4. –itis ___________________________________________________ 5. –logist ___________________________________________________ 6. –lysis ___________________________________________________ 7. –plasty ___________________________________________________ 8. –rrhoea ___________________________________________________ 9. –trophy ___________________________________________________ © Jennifer Atkins BSBMED301B Interpret and Apply Medical Terminology Page | 113 D. Give the meaning of the following prefixes 1. Auto- ___________________________________________________ 2. Crypto- ___________________________________________________ 3. Dys- ___________________________________________________ 4. Hyper- ___________________________________________________ 5. Hypo- ___________________________________________________ 6. Intra- ___________________________________________________ 7. Pachy- ___________________________________________________ 8. Para- ___________________________________________________ E. Using slashes divide the following terms into parts and give the meaning of the whole word 1. Epidermis ________________________________________________ 2. Dermatologist ________________________________________________ 3. Seborrhoea ________________________________________________ 4. Onychodystrophy ________________________________________________ F. Complete the medical term based on its meaning 1. Extreme cold treatment: ________________________ therapy 2. Pertaining to beneath the skin: ___________________ cutaneous 3. Abnormal dryness of skin: ______________________ sis 4. Abnormal condition of nail fungal infection: ________________ mycosis 5. A cell that produces melanin: ____________________________ cyte © Jennifer Atkins BSBMED301B Interpret and Apply Medical Terminology Page | 114 G. Match the term in Column 2 with its correct meaning from Column 1 Column 1 Column 2 1. Plant/fungus ________________________ Melano- 2. Reddening of the skin ________________________ Myc- 3. Dry ________________________ Onych- 4. Dark pigment ________________________ Phyt- 5. Skin ________________________ Erythem- 6. Nail ________________________ Adip- 7. Excessive flow ________________________ -derma 8. Fungus ________________________ -lysis 9. Break down ________________________ -rrhoea 10. Fat ________________________ Xero- © Jennifer Atkins BSBMED301B Interpret and Apply Medical Terminology Page | 115 H. Choose one of the following medical words to complete the sentences below. Note there are more words than sentences Impetigo Eczema Tinea Psoriasis Scabies Cellulitis Acne Onycholysis Papule Alopecia Albino Cysts 1. Chris has a scaly pink rash all over his knees and elbows, called _________________ 2. Dr Johnson has been treating his patient John, with symptoms of itchy skin which is weeping, called ____________________ 3. Heather has recently suffered from acute swelling of her lower legs with heat, pain and redness, diagnosed as _____________________ 4. Karen has ___________________ on her face, which has pustules and associated blackheads. 5. Brett has ___________________, which means he has lost the hair on part of his body 6. Julian was diagnosed with ________________________ which is a fungal condition of his nails. 7. John has a condition where he doesn’t have any melanin, called _________________ 8. Jack has multiple sacks of fluid on his chest, and is relieved they are only __________________ © Jennifer Atkins BSBMED301B Interpret and Apply Medical Terminology Page | 116 J. Unlabeled diagram of the skin Label the diagram of the skin using the following terms: Blood vessels, dermis, epidermis, hair follicle, hair, sebaceous gland, sweat gland, and subcutaneous tissue. All terms in defined in the Glossary of Integumentary Terms. © Jennifer Atkins BSBMED301B Interpret and Apply Medical Terminology Page | 118 K. Case Study – Psoriasis Read the following case study. Then (a) look up the listed words in the dictionary, and (b) write the meaning of the words in the section provided. Mr. Newman, a 43 year old man has a long history of erythrodermic psoriasis, the most severe of all forms of psoriasis. He has attended various dermatology clinics and seen many respected dermatologists in the past, with minimal success. On examination, his epidermis is red and scaly. His scalp, face and hands are the worst of all body areas. He sheds skin continuously and has a chronic case of xeroderma. He also suffers from a secondary form of psoriasis affecting the body folds and his genitals, known as flexural psoriasis. As the psoriasis becomes more scaly and inflamed, I am concerned that it may be developing into pustular psoriasis, which will cause him more pain than he is currently in. He already suffers myalgia which causes considerable pain. I am referring him for up to date pathology tests and have today taken a skin scraping to look for the presence of inflammatory markers. I have requested urgent results from microbiology. Previously a biopsy of his skin was sent to histology for analysis by a senior pathologist. The cytological results of this were revealed under microscope; showing large numbers of leucocytes. (a) Look up the following words in your dictionary and write out their meanings: Psoriasis Inflammatory (inflammation) Pustular (pustule) © Jennifer Atkins BSBMED301B Interpret and Apply Medical Terminology Page | 119 (b) The following are the medical terms from the case study. Using slashes divide the terms into parts and give the meaning of the whole word. Erythrodermic Dermatology Dermatologists Epidermis Xeroderma Myalgia Pathology Microbiology Histology Pathologist Cytological Microscope Leucocytes © Jennifer Atkins BSBMED301B Interpret and Apply Medical Terminology Page | 120 Additional Integumentary Activities 1. Seek clarification from supervisor Rakib is a new patient at Summerhill Medical Centre. He has a specialist report stating that he needs to bathe his skin in a certain solution. He asks you where he can get this from. The report states he needs to use Ph neutral products on his skin. He asks is this means he can use household soap. You are not familiar with his condition, the skin product, or the Ph of soap. However Susan, your practice manager is in the next office and you are able to seek assistance from her. List the questions you would ask her? ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ 2. Match the term in Column 2 with its layman’s term from Column 1 Column 1 Column 2 1. Baldness _________________________ Verruca 2. Blackheads _________________________ Naevi 3. Rash _________________________ Pruritus 4. Birthmark _________________________ Vesicle 5. Itching _________________________ Urticaria 6. Hives _________________________ Alopecia 7. Wart _________________________ Comedomes 8. Blister _________________________ Exanthem © Jennifer Atkins BSBMED301B Interpret and Apply Medical Terminology Page | 121 Spelling List The following integumentary words are listed in the Glossary of Integumentary Terms. Spell each word three times in the space following the word. Acne Alopecia Benign Biopsy Dermatitis Eczema Erbium laser Erythema Hyperpigmentation Keratosis Keratotic Cryotherapy Malignant Melanoma Onychomycosis Pigmentation Pruritus Psoriasis Pustule Rosacea Scabies Tinea Vesicle Vitiligo © Jennifer Atkins BSBMED301B Interpret and Apply Medical Terminology Page | 123