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Neuroanatomy
Dr. Steinmetz
Outline
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•  CNS versus PNS
•  CNS: Regions
•  Hindbrain, Midbrain, Forebrain
•  Lobes
•  Spinal Cord
•  PNS:
–  Blood Supply, Ventricles, and CSF
–  Autonomic Nervous System
–  Somatic Nervous System
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Outline
3
•  CNS versus PNS
•  CNS: Regions
•  Hindbrain, Midbrain, Forebrain
•  Lobes
•  Spinal Cord
•  PNS:
–  Blood Supply, Ventricles, and CSF
–  Autonomic Nervous System
–  Somatic Nervous System
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2 Parts of the Nervous System
•  CNS (Central
Nervous System) =
Brain & Spinal
Cord
•  PNS (Peripheral
Nervous System) =
all neurons found
outside of the skull
and spine
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Outline
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•  CNS versus PNS
•  CNS: Regions
•  Hindbrain, Midbrain, Forebrain
•  Lobes
•  Spinal Cord
•  PNS:
–  Blood Supply, Ventricles, and CSF
–  Autonomic Nervous System
–  Somatic Nervous System
Brain Stem & Cerebellum
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Cranial Nerves
•  Summary of the
functions of each
cranial nerve
•  Red lines are
afferent signals
•  Blue lines are
efferent signals
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Plate 5.7 on page 85
of your human
neuroanatomy book
This is the figure
that I will use to test
your knowledge of
cranial nerves on
the neuroanatomy
lab practicals.
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Outline
•  CNS versus PNS
•  CNS: Regions
•  Hindbrain, Midbrain, Forebrain
•  Lobes
•  Spinal Cord
•  PNS:
–  Blood Supply, Ventricles, and CSF
–  Autonomic Nervous System
–  Somatic Nervous System
Midbrain
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•  Superior Colliculus
- vision tracking
•  Inferior Colliculus sound localization
•  Tegmentum nuclei for eye
movement &
control
•  Substania Nigra –
dopamine input to
basal ganglion in
forebrain
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Outline
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•  CNS versus PNS
•  CNS: Regions
•  Hindbrain, Midbrain, Forebrain
•  Lobes
•  Spinal Cord
•  PNS:
–  Blood Supply, Ventricles, and CSF
–  Autonomic Nervous System
–  Somatic Nervous System
Brain Divisions: Forebrain
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•  Limbic
System
•  Sensory /
Motor
Regulation
•  Learning &
Memory
•  Internal
Body
States
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Amygdala
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•  Emotion
Regulation
•  Assesses
Stimulus
value
Thalamus
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•  Sensory /
Motor
Regulation
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Hippocampus
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•  Learning &
Memory
Hypothalamus
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•  motivational
states
•  Hunger
•  Satiety
•  Reproduction
•  Sleep
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Outline
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•  CNS versus PNS
•  CNS: Regions
•  Hindbrain, Midbrain, Forebrain
•  Lobes
•  Spinal Cord
•  PNS:
–  Blood Supply, Ventricles, and CSF
–  Autonomic Nervous System
–  Somatic Nervous System
Corpus Callosum
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•  Connects 2 hemispheres
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Cerebral Lobes
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•  Occipital
Lobe center for
vision processing
of visual
sensory
information
Cerebral Lobes
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•  Temporal
Lobe center for
hearing,
memory,
associations,
internal
areas =
gustatory
processing
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Cerebral Lobes
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•  Parietal Lobe center for
somatosensory
information /
complex visual
processes,
associations
•  Separated from
the frontal lobe
by the Central
Sulcus
Cerebral Lobes
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•  Frontal
Lobe complex
thought,
reasoning,
personality,
motor
system, &
olfactory
and flavor
processing
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Outline
•  CNS versus PNS
•  CNS: Regions
•  Hindbrain, Midbrain, Forebrain
•  Lobes
•  Spinal Cord
•  PNS:
–  Blood Supply, Ventricles, and CSF
–  Autonomic Nervous System
–  Somatic Nervous System
Spinal Cord Anatomy
Dorsal Root
Ganglion
Motor
Output
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•  Sensory
nerves enter
the dorsal
horn of
spinal cord
•  Motor
Motor
Output nerves exit
the ventral
horn of
spinal cord
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Outline
•  CNS versus PNS
•  CNS: Regions
•  Hindbrain, Midbrain, Forebrain
•  Lobes
•  Spinal Cord
•  PNS:
–  Blood Supply, Ventricles, and CSF
–  Autonomic Nervous System
–  Somatic Nervous System
Blood Supply to the Brain
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•  Stroke = lack of blood or
O2 to the brain
•  Aneurysm = blockage /
rupture of blood vessel
•  Blood is toxic to CNS
neurons
•  Blood-Brain barrier
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The fluid in your CNS = CSF
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•  Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) = ultrafiltered blood
•  Acts as a supporting cushion
–  Both externally between the brain and the
skull / spinal cord
–  And internally to prevent collapse
•  Exact function unknown: (supply / waste)
–  Turns over 3 times a day – 0.5 liter per day
Ventricles
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Side view
Bottom view
Front view
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Hydrocephalus “water on the brain”
Outline
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•  CNS versus PNS
•  CNS: Regions
•  Hindbrain, Midbrain, Forebrain
•  Lobes
•  Spinal Cord
•  PNS:
–  Blood Supply, Ventricles, and CSF
–  Somatic Nervous System
–  Autonomic Nervous System
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Peripheral Nervous System
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•  Somatic – voluntary
control of body
movements
•  Autonomic –
automatic control
–  Sympathetic
(arousing)
–  Parasympathetic
(calming)
Autonomic Nervous System
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•  2 components control involuntary functions:
Sympathetic
•  Stimulation
•  Fight or Flight
(survival)
Parasympathetic
•  Relaxation
•  Restore homeostasis
(conserve resources)
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Autonomic Nervous System
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•  2 components control involuntary functions:
Sympathetic
•  Stimulation
•  Fight or Flight
(survival)
•  Activated fast by
connected neural
pathways
•  Norepinephrine (NE)
Parasympathetic
•  Relaxation
•  Restore homeostasis
(conserve resources)
•  Activated slower by
individual neural
pathways
•  Acetylcholine (ACh)
For next time:
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• Read Chapter 3
• Work on Week 1 & 2
Neuroanatomy Lab
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