Chapter 8 Mega test
Name___________________________________
Period________
Date_________
MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
1) In the early 20th century, psychologists were inclined to explain motivated behavior by
attributing it to ________.
A) learned responses
B) instincts
C) incentives
D) emotions
1)
2) Today, scientists tend to see emotions as ________ to survival and a ________ source of personal
enrichment.
A) essential; minor
B) unnecessary; major
C) unnecessary; minor
D) essential; major
2)
3) The theory stating that behaviors are motivated by the body's attempts to reduce tension from
conditions such as hunger or thirst to a state of balance is ________ theory.
A) homeostatis
B) Clark Hull's drive reduction
C) disequilibrium
D) needs
3)
4) Some psychologists believe that behavior is motivated by the body's attempts to achieve a state
of balance in which the body functions effectively, or ________.
A) homeostasis
B) propinquity
C) acquiescence
D) reciprocity
4)
5) Which of the following does NOT support drive-reduction theory?
A) getting something to drink when you are thirsty
B) going to sleep when you are tired
C) getting some food when you are hungry
D) going jogging when you are bored
5)
6) Plutchik proposes that human beings have ________ basic categories of emotions.
A) three
B) ten
C) eight
D) five
6)
7) In the past, psychologists viewed emotions as ________.
A) the result of immature cognitive control
B) safeguards for our survival
C) learned responses
D) base instincts
7)
8) Primary drives are ________.
A) learned
B) exceptions to the drive-reduction principle
C) unlearned
D) produced by external incentives
8)
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9) Thirst, sex, and hunger are examples of ________ drives.
A) primary
B) internalized
C) reduction
10) Which of the following is NOT a primary drive?
A) thirst
B) sex
10)
C) hunger
D) curiosity
11) Drives that are most strongly influenced by stimuli within the body are called ________ drives.
A) instinctual
B) learned
C) primary
D) secondary
11)
12) Primary drives are found in ________.
A) all animals
C) only reptiles and fish
12)
B) most animals except primates
D) only mammals
13) Drives that are acquired through learning are called ________ drives.
A) tertiary
B) reflexive
C) primary
13)
D) secondary
14) The drive to become famous and accumulate great power is a ________ drive.
A) secondary
B) primary
C) tertiary
D) reflexive
14)
15) The Yerkes-Dodson Law states ________.
A) that intrinsic motivation is more powerful than intrinsic motivation
B) there is an optimal level of arousal for best performance of any task
C) extrinsic motivation is more powerful than intrinsic motivation
D) organisms seek to reduce arousal and maintain homeostasis
15)
16) Which of the following is true?
A) Behavior is almost always motivated to reduce arousal.
B) Behavior is almost always motivated to increase arousal.
C) Sometimes behavior is motivated to increase arousal, while other times it is motivated to
reduce arousal.
D) Behavior is almost always motivated to maintain the current level of arousal.
16)
17) The idea that there is an optimal level of arousal for best performance of any task, and the more
complex the task, the lower the level of optimal arousal, is ________.
A) the Law of Effect
B) the Yerkes-Dodson Law
C) the Law of Diminishing Returns
D) Weber's Law
17)
18) According to the Yerkes-Dodson Law, higher levels of arousal ________.
A) are best for performing all tasks, whether simple or complex
B) are best when performing complex tasks
C) are best when performing simple tasks
D) always disrupt performance of a task
18)
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D) secondary
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19) A highly emotional state would LEAST affect ________.
A) studying
B) playing chess
C) driving a car
D) washing the car
19)
20) Behavior such as skydiving is best explained by ________.
A) drive reduction theory
B) a motive for homeostasis
C) a motive for sensation seeking
D) arousal theory
20)
21) Human behavior is ________ rigid, unchanging, inflexible, and found throughout the species.
A) rarely
B) usually
C) always
D) never
21)
22) ________ significant human behavior is ________.
A) All; learned
C) All; inborn
22)
B) Most; inborn
D) Most; learned
23) The state of tension created by biological needs is called a(n) ________.
A) drive
B) instinct
C) emotion
24) Extremely stimulating activities such as sky-diving, bungee jumping, and hang gliding are
________.
A) well explained by both arousal theory and drive-reduction theory
B) not well explained by either drive-reduction theory or arousal theory
C) well explained by arousal theory but not drive-reduction theory
D) well explained by drive-reduction theory but not arousal theory
24)
25) A desire to perform a behavior that originates within the individual is known as ________
motivation.
A) secondary
B) extrinsic
C) primary
D) intrinsic
25)
26) A desire to perform a behavior to obtain an external reward or avoid punishment is known as
________ motivation.
A) intrinsic
B) primary
C) extrinsic
D) secondary
26)
27) The motive of self-actualization makes one want to ________.
A) convince others of one's true worth
B) possess as many material goods as possible
C) have frequent contact with others
D) fulfill one's inborn potential
27)
28) The correct sequential order of Maslow's hierarchy of motives from most complex and human to
most primitive is ________.
A) self-actualization, esteem, belongingness, physiological, safety
B) self-actualization, esteem, belongingness, safety, physiological
C) self-actualization, belongingness, safety, esteem, physiological
D) belongingness, self-actualization, esteem, physiological, safety
28)
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D) impulse
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29) According to Maslow's theory, higher motives emerge ________.
A) unpredictably, depending on the situation
B) simultaneously with more basic needs
C) before any other needs emerge
D) only after more basic ones have been satisfied
30) Which of the following proposed a hierarchy of motives?
A) Horner
B) Skinner
C) Freud
29)
30)
D) Maslow
31) According to Maslow, lower motives spring from ________.
A) social needs that must be satisfied
B) bodily needs that must be satisfied
C) needs for self-actualization
D) needs for spiritual and intellectual development
31)
32) Positive feedback, including praise, ________.
A) dramatically reduces intrinsic motivation
B) has no effect on intrinsic motivation
C) may actually increase intrinsic motivation
D) slightly reduces intrinsic motivation
32)
TRUE/FALSE. Write 'T' if the statement is true and 'F' if the statement is false.
33) Drive-reduction theory explains only some motivated behavior.
33)
34) A certain level of emotional arousal is necessary for good performance.
34)
35) Intrinsic motivation can be decreased by rewards.
35)
MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
36) Hunger is stimulated by ________ cues. Thirst is stimulated by ________ cues.
A) internal and external; internal and external
B) external; internal and external
C) internal; external
D) internal and external; internal
36)
37) Thirst is monitored by ________ regulator(s) that monitor(s) the level of fluids inside and
outside the cells.
A) two
B) one
C) four
D) three
37)
38) Fat cells in our body produce ________, which travels in the bloodstream, and high levels of it
signal the brain to reduce appetite, or to increase the rate at which fat is burned.
A) glycerol
B) glucose
C) leptin
D) ghrelin
38)
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39) A hormone produced in the stomach and small intestines that increases appetite is ________.
A) glycerol
B) ghrelin
C) leptin
D) insulin
39)
40) A hormone secreted by the pancreas that keeps glucose levels balanced is ________.
A) ghrelin
B) insulin
C) leptin
D) glycerol
40)
41) Located in the ________ are two regions that serve as “on and off” switches for eating behaviors.
A) temporal lobes
B) thalamus
C) hypothalamus
D) frontal lobes
41)
42) Each of the following EXCEPT ________ affects hunger.
A) looking at the clock
B) your emotional state
C) being sleep deprived
D) cholesterol level
42)
43) The mere sight, smell, or thought of food causes ________ in insulin production and ________ in
glucose levels in the body's cells.
A) decreases; increases
B) increases; decreases
C) increases; increases
D) decreases; decreases
43)
44) The way in which a person responds when hungry ________.
A) is consistent across cultures
B) varies with each individual's social conditioning
C) is entirely dependent on internal drives
D) varies directly with the age of the individual
44)
45) Each of the following is a symptom of anorexia nervosa EXCEPT ________.
A) intense fear of becoming obese, which does not diminish as weight loss progresses
B) refusal to maintain body weight at or above a minimal normal weight for height and age
C) disturbance of body image, such as “feeling fat” even when emaciated
D) recurrent episodes of binge eating followed by purging of the foods just eaten
45)
46) Each of the following is a criterion used for diagnosing bulimia EXCEPT ________.
A) recurrent episodes of binge eating
B) refusal to maintain body weight at or above minimal normal weight for age and height
C) recurrent inappropriate behaviors, such as self-induced vomiting, to try and prevent
weight gain
D) body shape and weight excessively influence the person's self image
46)
47) About ________ percent of all adolescent females suffer from bulimia nervosa.
A) 8 to 10
B) 12 to 15
C) 1 to 2
D) 4 to 6
47)
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48) Which of the following females is MOST likely to develop bulimia?
A) a middle-class male who is trying to make his high-school wrestling team.
B) an upper-middle class female high school graduate who is attending college
C) a lower-class female who is a college graduate
D) a lower-class female high school dropout
48)
49) Muscle dysmorphia is ________.
A) characterized by excessively large but weak striated muscles
B) characterized by excessive cramping of the muscles when exercising
C) a steady and uncontrollable deterioration of muscle mass in young adulthood
D) an obsessive concern with one's muscle size
49)
50) Genetics appears to play a role in ________.
A) both anorexia and bulimia
C) neither anorexia nor bulimia
50)
B) bulimia but not anorexia
D) anorexia, but not bulimia
51) The sexual drive is different from hunger and thirst in that the sexual drive ________.
A) can be turned on and off by environmental cues
B) is vital only to the survival of the individual
C) is vital only to the survival of the species
D) leads to responses which are shaped by experience
51)
52) The major difference in animal and human sex drives is that ________.
A) human sex drive is controlled by the male's reproductive system
B) human sex drive is controlled by the female's reproductive system
C) humans are able to be interested in sex at any time
D) human sex drive is controlled by hormones
52)
53) Chemicals that stimulate sexual readiness through the sense of smell are ________.
A) antigens
B) androgens
C) globulins
D) pheromones
53)
54) The correct chronological order of the phases of the sexual response cycle is ________.
A) excitement, plateau, orgasm, resolution
B) resolution, plateau, excitement, orgasm
C) plateau, excitement, orgasm, resolution
D) resolution, excitement, plateau, orgasm
54)
55) Sexual excitement seems to be influenced by the ________ and the ________.
A) upper spinal cord; sympathetic nervous system
B) thyroid gland; ghrelin cortex
C) parietal lobes; hypothalamus
D) limbic system; insula
55)
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56) The researcher(s) known for discovering the sexual response cycle is (are) ________.
A) Alfred Kinsey
B) Hobson & McCarley
C) Masters & Johnson
D) Sigmund Freud
56)
57) Married couples report having sex ________ often and being ________ satisfied with their sex
lives than unmarried persons.
A) less; more
B) less; less
C) more; less
D) more; more
57)
58) Greg cannot stand being cooped up in a house all day. He is happiest when he is outdoors
exploring his environment. His need to actively explore his neighborhood is a ________.
A) tertiary drive
B) primary drive
C) stimulus motive
D) secondary drive
58)
59) Which of the following is NOT a stimulus motive?
A) curiosity
B) power
59)
C) exploration
D) manipulation
60) Which motive is LEAST influenced by external stimuli?
A) hunger
B) curiosity
C) contact
D) exploration
60)
61) Which motive is MOST influenced by external stimuli?
A) sex
B) hunger
C) curiosity
D) thirst
61)
62) Curiosity has been positively correlated with ________.
A) both creativity and intelligence
B) intelligence, but not creativity
C) neither intelligence nor creativity
D) creativity, but not intelligence
62)
63) Harry Harlow's famous experiments with isolated newborn monkeys provide convincing
evidence that primates possess a strong ________.
A) need to control their environment
B) need for contact
C) need to manipulate objects
D) activity drive
63)
64) A recent study of premature low birthweight babies who were held and massaged found that
they gained weight ________ and were ________ than those who were touched minimally.
A) slower; calmer
B) faster; calmer
C) faster; more highly aroused
D) slower; more highly aroused
64)
65) The manipulation motive is ________.
A) limited to humans
C) found in all animals
65)
B) found in all mammals
D) limited to primates
66) A monkey will huddle next to a cloth “mother” rather than a wire “mother” when scared, even
when it was nursed from the wire “mother.” This is an example of the ________ motive.
A) contact
B) exploration
C) activity
D) manipulation
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66)
67) According to a 2007 FBI report, some ________ women are battered by their partners each year.
A) 3 million to 4 million
B) 30,000 to 40,000
C) 30 million to 40 million
D) 300,000 to 400,000
67)
68) Which of the following is MOST closely linked to aggression?
A) emotional shock
B) depression
C) humiliation
D) frustration
68)
69) Seeing an aggressor rewarded for his action leads to ________ aggression than seeing no
aggression at all, and ________ aggression than seeing an aggressor punished.
A) more; more
B) less; more
C) more; less
D) less; less
69)
70) Studies of individualist and collectivist cultures find that ________.
A) individualist cultures tend to be lower than collectivist cultures in rates of aggressive
behavior
B) both types of cultures have very high rates of aggressive behavior
C) collectivist cultures tend to be lower than individualist cultures in rates of aggressive
behavior
D) both types of cultures are equally low in rates of aggressive behavior
70)
71) Which of the following people is MOST likely to behave aggressively?
A) a male of any age from any culture
B) an adolescent of either sex
C) an American of either sex
D) an Asian of either sex
71)
72) A need for affiliation is a need to ________.
A) belong to a group or organization
C) be married or belong to a family
72)
B) be associated with a large corporation
D) be with other people
73) The affiliation motive is aroused by feeling ________.
A) independent
B) sad
C) threatened
74) According to Helmreich and Spence's (1978) findings, having a high degree of ________ may
interfere with achievement.
A) competitiveness
B) work orientation
C) socialization
D) mastery
74)
75) Each of the following is one of the criteria for identifying a primary emotion EXCEPT it
________.
A) contributes to survival
B) is evident in all cultures
C) is evident in all mammals
D) is associated with a distinct facial expression
75)
76) Emotions that are found throughout one or more cultures, but not all cultures, are ________
emotions.
A) secondary
B) tertiary
C) regional
D) reactive
76)
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73)
D) lonely
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77) Seeing a snake, running away from it, then becoming frightened is the sequence of events
postulated by the ________ theory.
A) Cannon-Bard
B) Yerkes-Dodson
C) Plutchik
D) James-Lange
77)
78) One of the problems associated with asthma is that once patients experience difficulty breathing,
they often make their symptoms worse by concentrating on them and/or worrying about them.
Consequently, many doctors include relaxation exercises as part of a treatment program to
prevent patients from making their asthmatic reactions worse. This example of how our
awareness of physiological changes can influence or even cause subsequent emotions is most
supportive of which of the following theories of emotion?
A) James-Lange
B) Cannon-Bard
C) Spiesman
D) Schacter and Singer
78)
79) The first modern theory of emotion was formulated by ________.
A) Bard
B) Lange
C) Cannon
79)
80) The ________ theory of emotion states that environmental stimuli cause physiological changes in
our bodies and emotions result from those physiological changes.
A) cognitive
B) Schacter-Singer
C) James-Lange
D) Cannon-Bard
80)
81) Which of the following is a cognitive theory of emotion?
A) Cannon-Bard
B) James-Lange
C) Schachter and Singer
D) Zajonc
81)
82) The two-factor theory was created by ________.
A) Schachter and Singer
C) Cannon-Bard
82)
B) James-Lange
D) Zajonc
83) A famous theorist argues that when we see a snake, there are bodily changes, but we then use
information about the situation to tell us how to emotionally respond to those changes. This
theorist's views are most similar to those of ________.
A) James and Lange
B) Schachter and Singer
C) Cannon and Bard
D) Zajonc
83)
84) According to Zajonc, cognitions come ________ emotions.
A) before
B) after
C) at the same time as
D) in spite of
84)
85) Izard's theory of emotion stresses the importance of ________.
A) facial movements
B) visceral reactions
C) physiological arousal
D) cognition
85)
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86) The ________ theory of emotion states that the experience of emotion occurs simultaneously
with biological changes.
A) Schacter-Singer
B) Cannon-Bard
C) cognitive
D) James-Lange
86)
87) Seeing a snake, and then simultaneously running away from it and becoming frightened, is the
sequence of events postulated by the ________ theory.
A) Cannon-Bard
B) Yerkes-Dodson
C) Plutchik
D) James-Lange
87)
88) Which theory maintains that emotion is caused by the interaction of physiological processes and
interpretation or perceptions of the situation?
A) the Cannon-Bard theory
B) cognitive theory
C) the James-Lange theory
D) activation theory
88)
TRUE/FALSE. Write 'T' if the statement is true and 'F' if the statement is false.
89) Physiological changes in the body are important in experiencing emotion.
89)
90) There is no universally recognized facial expression for love.
90)
91) Facial expressions influence the experience of emotion.
91)
MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
92) Activity in the brain circuits involving the ________ is critical for the release of emotions.
A) amygdala
B) pons
C) corpus callosum
D) thalamus
92)
93) Activity in the brain circuits involving the ________ is critical for our ability to correctly interpret
facial expressions.
A) thalamus
B) cerebellum
C) corpus callosum
D) amygdala
93)
94) Hand gestures communicate ________, and facial expressions communicate ________.
A) general emotional states; general emotional states
B) specific emotions; specific emotions
C) general emotional states; specific emotions
D) specific emotions; general emotional states
94)
95) Bob tells Jan that he is feeling fine, but Jan doesn't believe him. What should she focus on to
have the BEST chance to identify any emotions Bob might be hiding?
A) his body posture
B) his vocal intonations
C) his words
D) his facial expressions
95)
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96) In a recent study of professional “lie catchers,” only the ________ managed to identify the liars at
a better-than-chance rate.
A) psychiatrists
B) police officers
C) Secret Service agents
D) government lie detector experts
96)
97) Biological motivation includes the role of the hypothalmus. The hypothalmus maintains
homeostasis
A) True
B) False
97)
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Answer Key
Testname: CH 8 MEGA
1) B
2) D
3) B
4) A
5) D
6) C
7) D
8) C
9) A
10) D
11) C
12) A
13) D
14) A
15) B
16) C
17) B
18) C
19) D
20) C
21) A
22) D
23) A
24) B
25) D
26) C
27) D
28) B
29) D
30) D
31) B
32) C
33) TRUE
34) TRUE
35) TRUE
36) A
37) A
38) C
39) B
40) B
41) C
42) D
43) B
44) B
45) D
46) B
47) C
48) B
49) D
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Answer Key
Testname: CH 8 MEGA
50) A
51) C
52) C
53) D
54) A
55) D
56) C
57) D
58) C
59) B
60) A
61) C
62) D
63) B
64) B
65) D
66) A
67) A
68) D
69) A
70) C
71) A
72) D
73) C
74) A
75) C
76) A
77) D
78) A
79) D
80) C
81) C
82) A
83) B
84) B
85) A
86) B
87) A
88) B
89) TRUE
90) TRUE
91) TRUE
92) A
93) D
94) C
95) D
96) C
97) A
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