272
; CLOISTER LIFE OF
[CHAP.'X.
of bis old military spirit; and his addresses tohisfol,
' lowers were frequeritIyillustrated by images such as
might have presented .themselves to Gonsalvo or Alba.
e Let the preacher,' says he, in bis excellent rules for the
composition and delivery of a sermón, e think. himself a
mere piece of artillery, with which God is to batter aud
overthrow the proud walls of Babylon, and bis own part
of the business nothing .but the lump of iron or brass,
cold and heavy, and the dirty powder, black and of illsavour, and of none effect until it is touched with the
fue of the Holy Spirit," In spite of the duties of his
command, he himself continued in person to batter the
. walls of Babylon, both from the pulpit and with the pen ;
bis sermons and bis treatises, collected after bis death,
.AIiI_ _.f
-;;;;i:lJing
;;:
a folio of goodly dimensions.
, TRe general of J esus .visited Spain for the last time in
~--1 5 7.I, being specially.sent thither bYi .pope l?ius the Fifth
I
as the companion'of tlie carclliúü-legB¡te who(iwas co~s. pra 1
sioned to preacn a new crusaffe against the Turk in the
JUNT1\ DI 1\ courfs ss western Christendom.. From the moment when
, BOlj a stepped ashore at Barcelona bis progress was a
perpetualtriumph, Bis son Fernando received him with
autograph letters of welcome from the king and cardinal
'E spinosa ; his former subjects, the turbulent Catalonians,
flocked in crowds to crave bis blessing; at Valencia,
his eldest son, the duke of Gandia, met him at the
gates with the flower of the Valencian nobility; at
Madrid he ,.held an infant of Spain at the baptismal
.font ; .and he was treated by the king not onlv as an
old and trusted . counsellor, but with the honou; due to
" a bearer of a morsel of the true eross, presented by the
pope to the splendid reliquary oí the Escorial. Of the
, offers of new houses for the eompany which now poured
1 Tratado para los predicadores. Ribadeneira : Vida de F. Borja¡
p.233. "
1572.]
273
El\IPEROR CHARLES V.
in, the last which Borja accepted was that of Doña Magdalena de Ulloa to build a college at Víllagarcia, a pious work
in which he found, after many days, the bread which he
had cast upon the waters at Yuste. In Portugal the usual
honours awaited him; the young king, Sebastian,imploring
his benediction, and the cardinal-infant, Henry, busying
himself about the repair of bis travel-worn wardrobe.
In France, Charles the Ninth, forsaking for a day the
chase of Chambord, led the gallant cavalcade which
met the J esuit father beyond the walls of Blois ; and
Catherine of Medicis, seating the stranger at her side,
begged for bis rosary as a relic, and reverently listened
to his exhortatíons to the extinction of heresy and heretics,
. exhortations whieh she so signally obeyed, a few months
· later, on the night of Sto Bartholomew. During his
progtess trom court to court, and from castle to castle,
~orj a; lea the rigid life of a mendicant friar, fasting at
royal banquets, and sleep'ing at .b.i1 lit (Ion the floorsJ 6f J
tapesfried chambers. He sufl'ered'no Hay to pass without
saxing mass ; and it was during the performance of this
rite on a cold winter' s morning, in a church lately saeked
by the Huguenots, that the seeds of deadly disease were
sown in bis enfeebled frame. The icy air of Mont Cenis
accelerated the progress of the disorder, and he lay almost
in a dying state, for sorne days at Turin and for sorne
•. months at Ferrara, under the care of the princes of
Savoy and of Este. Rallying somewhat in the summer
oí 15í2, he proceeded to Loretto to pay his last devo. tions at Our Lady's shrine. Thence, feeling the hand
. of death upon him, he hurried forward to Rome, travel.ling nigbt and day, without moving from bis litter. For
..... two davs after bis arrival at the house of the company,
his bed-chamber was besieged by ambassadors, anxious
... ..' . to do honour to the friend of their sovereigns, and by
· · Cardinals desirous oí taking Ieave of him whom they
T
G e~
... CLOI8TER LIFE OF '
274
[CHAPo
x,
once thought of placing in the chair of Sto Peter. · On
the third day the Roman populace crowded to the
church of the J esuits to osee the general laid beside bis
companions in glory and toil, and bis . predecessors in
power, Loyola andLaynez. ..
The company oí J esus and the honse of Borja soon
discovered o. that their dead chief,a saint. aniongst
grandees, 'was likewise a grandee amongst saints. His
prayers, they alleged, had restored health to the sick,
sight to theblind, and teeth to the toothless; and father
Bustamente, in one of their mountain .marehes, falling
with bis mule over a precipice,had reaehed the bottom
unhurt,byvirtueof theintercession of bis companion.
Relics and images oí him grew potent in cases of fever
and childbirth, flesh wounds and heart disease; earth~--qmiKes, both in Italy and N ew Spain, were assuaged by
- - -bis invocation; and his portrait, in a village chureh of
r
h
N ew Granada, sweated
for twenty.one days slíoitly~befó're
the death of the vieeroy, wlio was a ~orja, and during
sorne perseeution which the eompany was sustaining at
'Ul1TR nI Madrid. One of the J esuit's bones relieved the parturient pangs of the duehess of Uzeda; another cured
the ague of the pious queen Margaret. · Pleading these
'..' portents, bis grandson, the eardinal-duke of Lerma,
applied, in 1615, tú pope Paulthe Fifth for bis canonization; and bis claim being examinad and the devil's ,
advocate heardwithall the grave impartiality ·of the
. church, a brief of beatification was issued, in 1624, by
pope Urban the Eighth. One of the saint's arms was
left at Rome, the . rest of bis body was removed to
Madrid, and exposed,in asilver shrinebeneath lamps of
silver, to the adoration of the faithful in the chureh of
the company.
:..Archbishop Carranza went from Yuste to Toledo, and
. devoted the remainder of1558 and the first síx months of
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
1559.]
EMPEROR CHARLES V.
273
1559 in the duties of bis high .calling. Meanwhile,
bis enemy,the inquisitorValdés, was leaving no stone
untumed to establish a case oí heresy against .him.
Soon after bis appointmeilt to the primacy, Carranza had
published, at Antwerp, a folio catechism of Christianity,
. or an account of all .that is professed in receiving the
sacrament of baptism.' To the protestant, who in these
days looks into this very rare and still more tedious
voIume, the work appears to breathe the fiercest spirit
of intolerant Romanism. Heresy is reprobated; bibles
in the vulgar tongue are condemned; Spain is praised
as the one land where the fountain of truth is still unpolluted ; . Philip the Second is exhorted to further per~
secutions; Mary Tudor is extolled as the saviour of the
soul oí England. .' In these dangerous times,' says the
preIate, .in his dedication to the king, 'when heretics
lbehoves,catholics
y Gene alll
are so zeaIous in propaga;ting
¡/IU error'l
, l I t it
el
• c. 1
to make sorne exerti óñs in tlie cause of truth ; at the
request oí severa! churches of Spain, 1 liave tlierefore
composed this work in Castillian for t~e .use of ~rivate
.
persons, .anu 1 shall shortly translate it mto Latín for
the benefit oí other countries, especially oí England.'
Yet this was the book in which the sharp-eyed inquisitor
contrived to find materials sufficient for the ruin oí his
rival. . The rack, which often agonized its victims into
. the wildest accusations against themselves, easily obtained a large mass oí evidence against the primate
. . from heretics who pretended that he was the author or
the aceomplice oí their sins against the true faith, Hope
I IUI I
U
L.
urn
1 Oomentarios del reverendúsimo señor Frai Bartholome aarran~ de
Miranda, arcobiepo de Toledo, sobre el catechismo christiano, fol. Anvers:
. . 1 5 58 ~ This book waa 80 rigidIy suppressed by the inquisition,that not.
withstanding its fame as the cause of the arcbbishop 's trial, it b~ not
. .... been mentioned by Brunet, 1 bought my copy at the sale of tbe library
. ofthe late canon Riego, who was also a dealer in books, and whose note
in the fly leaf, on tbe excesslve rarity ofthe volume, thus concludes, 'SI'
.. .· precia de est« ezemplardos cmzeu de oro o se'Í.1 guinecu!
.
T2
276
CLOISTER LIFE OF
or fear also brought many free auxiliaries to the counci1s
of the inquisitor; and many a
in the habit of Sto
J erome or Sto Francis was. ready to joín in a cry
against .t he Dominican who had secured the mitre of
Toledo. ' To be armed against all chances, Valdés procured the ratification, by pope Pius the Fourth, oí his
predecessor's briefs, which ernpowered the inquisition
.to arrest even prelates who were suspected of heresy.
The snare being thus laid, the princess-regent, who
.h ad resigned herself entirely to .the influence of Valdés,
summoned ·the archbishop to court in the summer of
1559; and the familiars oí theholy office arrested him,
at night and in bis bed, ·at a .village on the road to
Valladolid. He had for sorne time foreseen the storm,
andhe put bis whole trust in the friendly disposition of
tlie king. · Philip, ho:wever,from sorne cause whíeh is
· still a rnystery, was now eager to abase the man upon
.
. whom he had so lately' tJii!tist ~eatnes~I r.Wli~:ri(.br'ohglitPra "~
before the holy office, Carranza refuseB: fo be judged by
H\ nrR \\T¡aldés, alleging the notorious personal animosity with
.
which .that prelate regarded him. ·, The .rnatterbeing
referred to the pope, he authorized the king to choose a
.n ew judge; Philip ehose the archbishop of Santiago,
who must have been in the interest oí Valdés; for he,
in bis turn, devolved bis powers on two eouneillors oí
.the inquisition, mere tools and creatures .of their chief.
.Advised by his advocate that it was useless to appeal
. against injustice somaIl.ifest and wilful, Carranza permitted the tria! to proceed; and at first he had sorne
hope oí an acqnittal, on the ground that bis book had
been declared orthodox by commíssioners appointed to
.examine it by the council of Trent, His enemies, however, had the art to prevent the opinion of the commissíon from being ratifíed by .the council, . although they
. 'failedr in óbtaining a decree of condemnation, and al-
mar
J
[CH.AP. X.
1576.]
EMPEROR CHARLES V.
thongh eleven dignitaries of the church expressed their
approbation of the catechism. At length Carranza appealed to pope Pius. But he, instead of trying the
cause himself, was persuaded by the king to send for the
purpose a legate and two other judges to Spain. Pius,
however, died soon afterwards, and his successor insisted
that the tria] should be adjourned to Rome. .Pius the
Fifth, an honest man, though a bigot, remembered the
good service which had been done by Carranza in England, and was indignant at the injustice with which he
was treated by the inquisition and bis sovereign. When,
therefore, he had succeeded, in the teeth of Philip, in
bringing both parties before him in 1567, he took every
occasion oí mortifying the accusing inquisitors, the
de:Ruties of Valdés; and he would probably have decided
in favonr of the prisoner. But he, too, was called to
biS account before pronouncing sentence; ,and .....the case G
"~
. . 'IU I re d . d t\ '..Id n d y enera lle
was re-opened before Gregorx ' tlie Tliirteentll. Tllis
pontiff was equally unWiJ.lfug ro I conClemn tHe prelate 01'
to displease the king. In a long and ambiguous judgment, drawn up in 1576, he therefore took a middle
course, verydifferent from that which the king desired,:
and from that which justice dictated. The catechism
was declared to contain sixteen heretical propositions,
which the author was required public1y to abjure; and
while he was relieved from all previous ecclesiastical
· censures, he was suspended, during the pope's pleasure,
· from his preferment, and ordered to perform certain
penances, and sentenced to five years' imprisonment in
the Dominican convent at Orvietto. The sufferings
endured by the Spanish primate met with great sympathy at Rome. When .the pope's decision was known,
he at once proceeded to perform part of his penance by
· .visiting the seven basilicas ; and he was attended by so
splendid a retinue of friends that this humiliation wore
I
JUl1
271
278
, CLOISTER LIFE OF
[CHAPo X.
the appearance of a triumph. .But long imprisonment at Valladolid, and in tbe castle of Sto Angelo;
had broken bis health and enfeebled his constitution. The unwonted excitement and exertion, tberefore, produced an attack of inflammation, of which he
died on the second of May, 1576, in the convent of
' l\fin erva. He was buried with great pomp in the conventual ,church,, 'and the pope made a wretched atonement for .his 'injustice, by inscribing .his tomb with an
epitaph inwhich he was praised as aman illustrious by
his ' lineage, bis life, his almsdeeds, bis eloquence, and
bis , doctrine.
His sad : and anxious countenance,
tolerably painted by Luis de Carbajal, appears among
the portraits of the primates ,in the winter chapter-room
at ,Toledo.
',' While suffering in prison the sickness of deferred
hope, tRe unhappy prelate may' perhaps have lamented
that liehad reacHed 'YustC too late to explaiJ at o tlÍe pr(
emperor the circumstances of bis promotion, and to
J earn and remove the suspicions which bad been cast
upon his faith. This was themischance which marked
the ebbof bis fortune. ' It is impossible to conjecture
the cause which turned the esteem of Philip the Second
, into hatred so ,bitter and unrelenting.' " The scandal
and inconvenience of having bis primate even suspected
of heresy in the midstof a reform panicwas so great
and glaring, that his natural course would have been to
hush the matter up, even had hebelieved the charge. '
But the charge 'was untenable, and supported by
evidence that ·would vhave been admitted only before
a .tribunal of unscrupulous enemies. ' ,The single expréssion.whieh a cursory perusal of .the cateehism has enabled
' me to detect as being likely to alarm those who bene. i It was known to Antonio Perez, who saya he had stated it in one
bis twelve memoríals, which are unfortunately lost, , '
oC
1576.]
EMPEROR CHARLES V.
279.
fited by supporting every existing abuse, is the prelate's
desire 'to resuscitate the ancient belief of the primitiva
church and the wisest and purest age,Ji-a desire alleged
by all religious reformers, from the brave men of Germany, who burst the bonds oí spiritual tyranny, to the
triflersof our own day in EngIand, who wage puny
war about .bowings and kneelings and fiowers, the
mechanism and the millinery of worship, It may be
that Carranza's printed theoIogy contains (what theology does not?) .passages eapable of an interpretation
neither intended nor foreseen by the writer. It may
be that he helped himself to ideas or phrases from
Lutheran books whose authors he would willingly have
burnt; just as the inquisitor Torquemada sent sorcerers
to.the stake, yet protected himself from poison by keeping a piece of unicorn's horn on bis tableo Yet the
historian of the Sp,anish inguisition was unable to find
.
\ in the cateehism an): one 6rJtlilinsixte~ f1?rdFo1itiOl~~ YGenerallfe
upon which the pope pronounceu sentence oÍ' condemna· fUR tion-a sentence wrung from the pontiff, with much
-: . .. difficulty, even by the immenseinñuence oí the crown
of Spain. It is certainthat Carranza for the greater
part of his life had been adivine of approved orthodoxy,
and a preacher oí high reputation; thatboth in EngIand
and .the N etherlands he had been a vigilant shepherd of
the faithful and unsparing butcher oí heretics; and that
one of bis first acts as primate was to advise the king to
appropriate the revenues of one canonry in,every cathedral of Spain to the use .of the inquisition. It seems,
therefore, but reasonable to believe that he spoke the
pIain truth when he niade bis dying declaration that he
had never held any of.the hereticaLopinions oí which he
had been accused,"
• J
I
OatechumQ, Prologo, f~l. 2.
Don Adolfo de Castro considera Carranza. a protestant, and combata
280
CLOI8TER LIFE OF
[CHA.P~
x,
In memory oí the emperor, the monastery oí Yuste
· was dignified with the title oí royal. Philip the Second
confirmed its privileges in 1562, and honoured it in 1570
with a .visit oí two days. . As he approached the precincts, he stopped bis coach, in order to read the inscríption which the monks, or perhaps Quixada, had caused
to be carved beneath the imperial arms upon the corner.
stone of the garden walle In this holy house of St. . J erome of Yuste, was
ended in retirement, the life spent in defending the faith
.and maintaining justice, of Charles the Fifth, emperor, ,
kingof the Spains, most christian and most invincible.
.
He died on the 21st of September, ] 558.11
On the wall .of the open .gallery, on the west side
.' of the palace, the following inscription records the
_,_e~xact date when the emperor, sitting there, was first
illness
r~ed h him to fthelera I ~
. . attacked .by ' the
l1which
•
•
I
I al u
Id i\1 d I urd y uer.·
I1I
.
grave : -
,
.
.
.UNTJ\ DI
. e His
.•
J
í D
majesty tlie emperor, Don Cliarles the Fiftb,
Rom lord, .was seated in this place when his malady
seized him on the thírty-first of August, at four o'elock
in the afternoon; he died onthe twenty-first of September, at half-past two in the morning, in the year of
· our Lord, 155H.'2
Out ofrespect .to the memory of his me, Philip
would not sleep in the room where the emperor died,
the position of Llorente, but without showing that any one of the sixteen
propositions are found in the catech ísm, or in any other way. as it
appenr8 to me. proving what he asserts. Spanúh Protestant8, pp. 126
·to 189.
.
' . '.
.
.'
• En esta. santa casa de Bieronimo de Yuste se retiró á acabar su
vida, el que toda la gastó en defensa de la fé, y oonservacion de la justicia.
Carlos V. emperador, rey de las Españas, Christianissimo, invictissimo.
Murió á 21 de Setiembre de 1558.
2 Su magestad el emperador d~n Carlos quinto nuestro señor. en este
Iuzar estava asentado quando le di6 el mal. a los treinta y uno de Agosto
· a ias qnatro de la tarde; falleoio a los 21 de Setiembre .a los dos y media
.
de la mañana año de No. Sr., 1558.
..
1~
¡
1583.J
EMPEROR CHARLES V.
281
but occupied an adjoining eloset, so small that there
was hardly room for a camp-bed.' He presented the
fraternity with sorne relics and a gilt cup; and he provided them with an exact copy of the ' Glory' of Titian,
which he had removed from their altar to the hall
of the Escorial where the monks assembled to hear
Scripture readings. A new altar and architectural
decorations were also designed for Yuste, by Juan de
Herrera, the architect of the Escorial, and finished in
1583, by Juan de Segura. Sorne further statues and
embellishments, which were probably disfigurements,
were added by Juan Gomez de Mora, in the reign of
Philip the Third," The top was adorned with the
imperial eagle of Hapsburg, and the armorial bearings
. of-the emperor; bearings which the monks also planted
in box in the centre of their principal eloister.
In tHe year 1638,-the palace underwent a complete
repair, by order of Philip tlle Foürth, arid at a cost{or Ge e al'fe
six thousand ducats.t
JE lA O e L u
DI Until the present century, Yuste lacked not a due
succession of J eromite fathers. Neither in the days of
Charles, nor in subsequent times, were its worthies, who
are commemorated in the history of the order, men of
sufficient mark to impresa their names upon any mere
secular record. Content to mortify their bodies, they
made little or no use oí their minds. Only a few
J
UNTR
..
J Tbese particulars are mostly taken from tbe Hanábool.: 01 Spain,
1845. p. 552, and from the notes made on the spot by UroForo. from the
M8. book of documenta. written by Fr. Luis de Sta. Maria in 1620. and
shown to him by the prior in 1832. The Abbé Sto Real, in hia dull
Don Carlos, No-u:veUe Historique «EU'I;res, 8 vols, 12mo. Paris : 1757.
vol. v.), most absurdly makes Yuste the scene oí the imaginary loves of
Carlos and queen Isabella. Tbe book was written in 1672, and translated into English 'by H. J. 12mo,London, ¡674,' as a piece oí authentio
. history; and, more extraordinary still, was cited as such by Bayle, arto
Charles V. ·
'Z Ponz: Viage, vii. 136.
I Valparc1iso lIS.
See page 220, note.
CLOISTER LIFE OF
· 282
[CHAPo x,
.appear to have deviated from .the beaten track of even
monkish mediocrity.
Fray Antonio de . Belvis was
popular as an orator in the pulpits of Andalusia. Fray
Juan de los.Santos evinced sufficient taste for study eo
be sent by the .eommunity to the college of .Siguenea.
m health, however, cut short bis academical career, and
he returned to .Yuste to .dress .vines, and to tend the
sick, a work of merey to hich he fell a sacrifice,
. dying of the fever of which he had signally cured one oí
bis brethren. At the Escorial; Fray Bernardino de
Salinas became a 'favouriteof Philip the Second; and
Fray Miguel de' Alaexos enjoyed the dignity. of prior
from 1582 to 1589. . One monk was distinguished as a
Ieader of the choir; another as an instructor of the
noviees; .and a third obtained honourable notice as an
agric'ulturalist by certain improvements effected on the
conventual farro of Valmorisco. Sorne were revered
for .oenefacnons 'to file honse ~: btliers for Ctheir ~austt'1
rities ; and a few for Etne visions which llad brightened
o~darkened their cells, , Strangerswere desired to
oliserye. tlie silver candlesticks of the altar, and the
manuseript book of the ehoir, the gift of Fray Christobal,
. or the · work ofFray Luis; and they were told .how
father Paul had scaled the steep oí spiritual perfections
by makíng a: ladderhisnightly .couch; and how father
Christopher ~ zesigned bis ' meek spirit into the real and
visible hands of Our Blessed Lady.
. Don Antonio Ponz, .the laborious traveller, and long .
the 't raveller'sbest guide in Spain., visited Yuste .about
1780, . and was lodged ID .the palace of' the emperor.
Heremarked in the church two pictures ofOur Lord,
bearing the cross,and crowned with thoms, which · the
friars ' attrlbuted to a .painter 'brought to Spain by
.. queen Mary .
Hungary. Sorne years before, "the .
Vera had suffered greatly by a plague .of eaterpillars
w
of
a
1809.]
E~IPEROR
CHARLES V.
283
which had killed many of the chestnut-trees, and by
accidental fires which had charred whole tracts of the
foresto The famine thus produced, had much díminished
the population, and the owners of the soil were endeavouring to restore prosperity by encouraging agriculture
and the growth of silk.
Early in the present century, Yuste was visited by
M. Alexandre Laborde, the well-known French traveller,
and became the subject of an inaecurate sketch and
ground-plan by M. Liger, his artist, and of a meagre de· scription by himself,'
It was the war of independence which began the ruin
of the fair horne of the monarch and the monk. In
1809, the Vera of Plasencia, like the rest of Estre· madura, was in the hands of the French, under Soult.
The fITSt fo~g party who visited Yuste did no harm ;
but .the. next comers,(a. .body.LJof
hundred ,dragoons,y
Generalfe
, ¡u, I l f-.'two
I a ue d rv d
u ::1
1
finding a dead Frencnman near ·the convent ~te, oroke
in and sacked the place. · Tlie ouildiñgs were set .on
fue . on tbe( nínth of .August, and continued to burn
for eight days. All the archives of the house were
destroyed,.but a single folio volume of notes and documents, written in 1620, by Fray Luis de Sta. Maria,
which the prior happened to be consulting about sorne
rights disputed by the peasants of Quacos, when the
Frenchmen burst in, and which he saved by throwing
into a thicket in the garden. The church was savedfrom
destruction by its massivewalls and vaulted roof,and it was
likewise the means of protecting the palace and a portion of
the cloister. · Here sorne of the friars continned to dwell,
I
JU
1 A. Lsborde : Voyage Piuoresque el Historiq"e d' Espagne. 2 yo!.. (2
parts in each), fol París, 1806. Vol. i., 2eme partíe: p. 118. BiS Vl:W
has been reproduced in no woodcut in Jubinal's Armería ,'eal de ]'[adn.d,
ii. p. 11. There ís also a. wretched woodc';1t view oí tbe ~ pal~cio' oí
Yuste, witb letter-press still more absurd, 10 the Semanario Piutoresco
· Eapaiío[,' No. 38, 18th Dec.,'1836,. p. 312. .
284
CLOISTER LIFE OF
. [CHAP. X.
· and in the spring of 1813 they had the honour of'receiving an English traveller, perhaps the first who had
set foot within their precincts since the courier who
carne to complain, to Charles the Fifth, of the dilatory
habita of the ministry at Valladolid.' Certain itis that
since the time when Avila and Sepulveda discussed the
literature of the day with Van Male, and Ruy Gomez and
Garcilasso discoursed on affairs of state with the emperor, .
y uste had received no statesman or roan of letters so
distinguished as lord J ohn Russell.
The brief triumph of the constitutionalists in 1820
was a signa! for the first dispersion of the friars. During
the vacaney of the monastery, the work of destruction
went onbriskly. The few vases belonging to the disp'ensary of .Charles .the Fifth which had escaped the
.........--.,..-.French, were carried off by one ~Iorales, an apothecary
of liberal ·opinions, to bis shop at Xarandilla. The
.
patriots of Te'ieda lielped tli~:fif~el~sCto tM cb'py 6f tli~erallfE
'Glory' of Titian, and liung i~ iÓ Uieir parish church.
The palace was utterly gutted, and the ohurchwas used
JUl1.
as a stable. .
When the arms of the holy alliance had once more
placed thecrown and the cowl in the ascendant, a
handful of píeturesque . drones again gathered at their
pleasant .. hive . of Yuste. . They feebly and partially
. . restored it, patching up the offices formerly occupied by
the emperor'sservants into sorne cells and a refectory.
But they were unable to . raise money enough to pay
for bringing their altar-piece back from Texeda. Mr,
Ford, best of travellers, was one of. the last of their
. .vísitors, passing a pleasant ~Iay-day with them in
· ·1832, and sleeping at night in the chamber of the
· emperor. . The monks were about twelve in number,
1
Cbllp-.v~p;102.
1849.]
EMPEROR CHARLES V.
285
and amongst them was a patriarch-Fray Alonso Cavallero, who had taken the cowl at Yuste, in 1778, and
remembered Ponz and bis visito 'The good-natured,
garrulous brotherhood' accompanied the stranger in bis
ramble about the ruined buildings and gardens; in the
evening he supped with the prior and procurator in an
alcove, overlooking the lovely Vera, and sweet and melodious with the scent of thyme and the song of nightingales j and at dawn, on the morrow, an early mass was
saíd for the parting guest.1
Five years afterwards, in 1837, carne the final suppression of the monasteries. The poor monks were again
turned out, sorne to die of starvation near their old
haunts, others to die for Don Carlos and the church on
.the hills of Biscay. The royal monastery of Yuste soon
feIl into utter and irremediable ruin.
Wlien 1 visit ed it in 1849, it was inhabited only by
the peasant bailiff &. tü~r¡aY'T'prBprietbt¡.,1 wlío élieUJ(mt
his wages by showing tlie liistorica1 site to TtIle passing
stranger. The principal cloister was choked with the
rub Bisli of the fallen upper story, the richly carved
capitals which had supported it peeping here and there
from the soil and the Iuxuriant mantle of wild shrubs
and flowers, Two sides oí the smaller and oIder
cloister were still standing, with blackened walls and
rotting floors and ceiling. The strong granite-built
church, proof against the fire of the Gaul, and the wintry
storms of the sierra, was a hollow shell, the classical
decorations of tbe altar, and quaint wood-work of the
choir, having been partIy used for fuel, partIy carried off
- to the parish church of Quacos. Beautiful blue and
yellow tiles, which had lined the chancel, were fast dropping from thewalls; and aboye, the window through
. 1 Handbook : 1845 J p. 551-3. Tbe account of Yuste is one of tbe
best travelling sketcbes in that eharmíng book,
Generalífe
.CLOISTER LIFE OF .
286
o
[CIUP. X.
which thedying glance oí Charles had sought the altar,
remainedHke the eye-socket in .a skulljturned towards
the damp, blank space that was once bright with holy
tapers and the colouring oí TitiaD.. In a vault beneath,
approached by a door of whieh the . key could not be
found, 1 was told that the coffiu of .cbestnut' wood, in
which the emperor's body had lain for sixteen years, was
still kept as a relic. Oí bis palace, the lower chambers
were used as a magazine for fuel j and in the rooms aboye,
where he lived and died, maize and olives were garnered,
and the silk-worm wound its coeoon in dust and darkness. · His -garden below,' 'with its tank and broken
fountain, was overgrown with tangled thickets of fig, mulberry, and almond, interspersed with a few patches oí potherbs, and "here and there an orange-tree, or a cypress,
. to mark where once the terrace smiled with its bloom.
ing parterres.Without·the gate, the great walnut-tree,
~---o. sole relic of the past with_~hicnetime Ih ad n ot déalt p
rudely, spread forth íits bíoad and ri gorous boughs to
shroud and dignify the desolation. .Yet in the lovely
.JUnT •nt . face o~ ature, changeless in its summer eharms, in the
hill and forest and wide Vera, in the generous soil and
genial sky, there was enough to show howweIl the .
. imperial eaglehad chosen the nest wherein to fold bis
o
00
o
wearíed wings,.
.
al
f
APPENDIX.
A SELECTION FRO)! TRE EXTRACTS
HADE BY DON TOYAS
GONZALEZ FR01! TRE !N""V&"fiORY OF THE JEWEL'3, WARDROBE, AND FURNITURE OF THE ElIPEROR CHARLES THE
FIFTH, AT YUSTE, DRAWN UP AFTER
ms
DEATH, BY FRAY
.TUAN DE REGLA., MARTIN DE GAZTELU, AND LUIS QUlXADA.
1 The bezuar, bezoar, or bezar. was a stone found in the kidneys of
the eeT1:icabra, a wild animal of Arabia, partakíng of the natura of the
deer and tbe goat, and somewhat larger tban the latter, The stone was
suppcsed to be formed of the poison of serpents which had bitten her
producer, combined with the counterncting matter with which natura
had fumished it. lt was a eharm against plague and poison. For marvellous properties, see Gaspar de Morales: Libro de la8 virtudes '!I pro-prledades mararillwas de piedra« preciosas, sm, 8vo. Madrid: 1605;
foL 202-211.
288
APPENDIX.
Thirty~nine
pairs of gold and enamelled clasps (clavos), to be
worn in the cap.
A carneo medal (medalla de camafeo), with its gold mounting.
A number oí gold tooth-picks.
BOOKS,
.A.mongstwkick, amounting in all to about tkirty-one uolumes, and
usuallg described. as bound in erimso» velvet witk siloer elasps
and mountings, t!zeflllowing nemes oceur:-
:E l Oaballero determinado,! in French, with illuminated
paintings.
.
.T he same, in manuscript, in Castillian (romance), by Don
Remando de Acuña; likewise with illuminations.
Brethius; De Consolstione ; .three copies; in French, Italian,
and Castillian.
,
War of Germany, by the Comendador-Mayor oí Alcantara EPon Luis de Avila).2
,A large booklJ oí . vellum; containingl many c:drawings <8nd eralifE
. The
_ _ _
o
._
illuminations· ONSEJERiA DE CULTU
Several missals and books oí hours, with illuminations.
mlie Gniristian Doctrine, by Dr. Constantino."
The Meditations oí Fray Luis de .Granada.
. The Christian Doctrine, by Fray Pedro de Soto.
Cresar's Commentaries, in ~uscan.
. Commentary on the psalm In te -Dominespercwi, in manuscript, by Fray Tomas de Puertocarrero.
Astronomicon Cmsaris de Pedro Apiano.
Toloineo. .
.
."
Two portfolios, with sorne manuscript sheets of the histories
written by FIorian de Ocampo sud others.
Two books of Meditation.
.Titelman's Exposition oí the Psalms.e 2 vols.
nrR
J
t
3 Chap. viíi. p. 188.
Ohap. in. p.54.
: Chap. iii. p. 69.
Commentarii .paraphrcutici in Psalmos, was printed at Antwerp, in
. "1552; by Steels, at the particular request oí the emperor, conveyed by
Van Male. See Van Male's Letters, by Reiffenberg; Ep. xxxii, p. 87.
APPENDIX.
289
A book of M emorias, with its gold peno Probably a notebook, but possibly the emperor's Mcmoira.!
Maps of Italy, Flanders, Germany, and the Indies.
A large portfolio of black velvet, containing papers, and
sealed up for the princess-regent,
The fowling-piece (alrcabuz) used by his majesty, and various
cross-bows (ballestas), quivers, (carcajos), and other trappings and furniture oí the ehase (arreos y muebles de caza).
PLATE.
Approximate
weight
PLATE OF THE CHAPEL.
in marks.
A variety of chalices, candlesticks, crueifíxes, monstranees, &c... . • . •
. • • • . 100
PLATE OF THE CHAMBEB.
PUTE OF THE
PANTRY.
A gold and enamelled salt-eellar, with its cover; six
square gilt trenchers, with the arms of his majesty;
eight saucers; chafing-dishes for keeping the dishes
warm on the table; cups, spoons, knives, and forks • 70
PLATE
OF THE CELLAR.
A piece of gold, to be put hot into water or wine, for
. .t he use ofhis majesty (weighingupwards of 5k cunees)."
J Chap. Iii, p. 54, and chapo x. p. 264.
) Liquor, in which hot meta1was .quenched, was heId to p,?sse~ val~.
able astringent properties, See Bacon's remarks on the subjeet, ID hIS
Historia Vitre et lJlortis, v. 7; Worka, 10 vols. 8vo. London: 1803, v~l.
viii. p. 422. Bis New AdVicea in order to Health, v. ii, p. 224, .conta!D8
the following memorandum : . 'To use once during supper wine ID which
goId is quenched.'
u
.
APPENDI:L
290'
Approxlmate
weigbt
mmarks.
Jars, muga, and bottles, of various shapes (ja;rros, tarros,
frascoe, cubiletes).
Silver mouth-pieees (brocale8 c<m tornülos), to screw on
to leathern hunting-bottles j tubes (cañutos,) wíth
which bis ' IDajesty drank when he had the gout;
spoons, &c. • • . ~ , . . • • • • . • • . 400
PUTE OF THE
IuuwER.
J'"
Two large
Thirty-six middle-sized
dishes.
Thirty.six smaller
,
Two dishes for serving suekingpigs (lec1umes,) saucers, &c. 650
·
...
26
Weight, in marks,about 1561
01'12,488 cunees.'
, FLATE A...'W JEWELS IN THE CABE
OFTHE KEEPER OF '
, THE JEWELS.
A reliquary full of relíques,
A piece oí thetrue cross. '
Another piece,set in a cross óf gold,
Severa! vessels for sprínkling perfumes (almarras) oí silver,
Two bracelets, and tWo rings of gold, .snd one of bone, all
good for hemorrhoids (al1M1Tanas).
, " 1 The mark 'oí Cologne, or as it was called in Spain, of Burgos, con, tained eight cunees, J. Garcia Cavallero: Brcre Ootejo y Valance,
pp. 33, 36, 108.
'
APPENDIX.
291
A blue stone, with two clasps (corchetes) of gold, good for gout,
Rosaries, ehains, and severa! pairs oí spectaeles,
The great order oí the golden fleece, with ita coIlar, and
several others oí a. smaller size.
A small picture on panel oí Our Lady, mounted with silver,
which belonged to the empress.
A box containing a crucifix of wood, the same which bis
majestyand the empress held in their hands when they
died, and two scourges (disciplinas).
A signet-ring of Chalcedony, engraved with the imperial
arms,
Eighteen files to file bis majesty's teeth.
CRUCIFlXES, P~tnrrINGS, A......"'ID OTHER ARTICLES.
A picture of the Trinity, on canvas, by Titian.
A large picture on wood, with J esus Christ bearing his cross,
Oiir Lady, Sto John, and Sto Veroniea, by master Michael,'
(in the monastery).. C. Monumental de laAlhambra y Generalífe
A picture on wood, a crucifix, which stands up,on the principal altar, with gilt base and topo
r.x p,icture oÍ! ~lie seourging oí Chríst, by Titian.
A picture of OUt Lady, on wood, by master Miehae!.
Apicture oí Christ bearing bis cross, by master Michael, and
another oí Our Lady, on stone, joined with it, by Titian.
A picture oí Our Lady, on wood, by Titian.
A pieture of Our Lady with Our Lord in her arma, on canvas,
by Titian.
Portraits of the emperor and the empress, on canvas, by
Titian.
A portrait oí the emperor in armour, by Titian.
A fulllength portrait of the empress, by Titian.
~ portrait of the queen oí EngIand, on wood, by Thomas
(doubtless a mistake for Antonio) More.
A picture with four figures, portraits of children oí the queen
of Bohemia.
.1
Chap.iv. p. ~2.
o. '
292
APPENDIX.
Tapestry oí gold, silver, and .silk, representirig the Adoration
oí the kings. .
An altar.pieee with doors, containing pictures oí the Virgiti
and babe, and oí the Anriunciation .oí . theVirgin, and
adorned with nine gold medallions oí various sizes, portraits
.of the emperor, the empress (2), king Philip (2), the queen
."oí England, the queen of Bohemia (2), and the princesa of
.' Portugal. '
'. .
. ..
.'
Several ot~er pictures of sacred subjects without names oí
masters,
Three large books of paper, with drawings oí trees, flowers,
men, and other objects, from the Indies. .
'
The great clock made by Master Juanelo, with its case, and
. the table oí walnut-wood with cloth :cover, upon whieh it
stands in his majesty's chamber. .
.
Another elock, oí crystal, with its base, by the said Juanelo•
. bother clock, called the Portal.
AnotRer called the Mirror•
...tIII:.._. _
Otliers, round and small, for the pocket.
b a :i
.•
.I
] . . 1 ':SIX
pleces of ta p,estryanmicap'es. '. .
J
Seven pieces, with animals and lanascapes.
['welve pieees, with foliage ·(verdura).
Five coverings for seats (bancales), with foliage. '.
Twelve hsngings of fine black eloth for the apartmenta oí the
.emperor (in: the monastery],
Four door-curtains (ante-puertas) oí black cloth.
Beveneerpets (aljomilras), .four Turkish, and three oí AIcaraz.
Canopies (dosels) oí fine blaek velvet.
:A quantity oí lineo.
IN ms :MA.mrrrs CHA.MBER.
. . .'. . Two beds, of different sizes. ·
. six blankets oí white cloth .
. Fonrteen feather bolsters (colchones
pluma).
.
-.Thirty-seven 'pillows (almolUulas), with much holland bedlínen (ropa de lwlarula) oí all ~~.
.
ae
APPENDIX.
293
Six chairs, covercd with black velvet.
Ris majestY~B arm-ehair, with six cushions and a footstoo1.
Chair in whicb bis majesty was carried, with its staves (arulas
de brazo). . '
'I'welve chaira of walnut-wood, garnished with nails (taeho-
nada8).
"-.
IN THE W.ARDBOBE.
Síxteen long robes, lined with eider-down, ermine, Tunis kídskin, or velvet.
Six bornooses (albr.YrnOces), one of them presented to his
majesty at Tunis.
IN THE ST.ABLE.
The whole of the above property, not 1eft in the monastery,
was given over to the cbarge of Juan Esteque, keeper of his
majesty's jewels, on the 1st of November, 1558.
THE END.
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