Back Print Name Class Date Skills Worksheet Concept Mapping Using the terms and phrases provided below, complete the concept map showing the structures and functions of the endocrine system. epinephrine norepinephrine testes estrogens pancreas thyroid gland insulin pituitary gland thyroid hormone Endocrine system is controlled by hypothalamus which regulates 1. which releases hormones that affect ovaries 3. 2. which secrete 4. adrenal glands which secretes which secrete 5. 6. which secretes testosterone which secrete 7. calcitonin glucagon 8. 9. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. Holt Biology 17 Hormones and the Endocrine System Back Print TEACHER RESOURCE PAGE 3. extracellular fluid 4. The brain, stomach, small intestine, Releasing hormones cause the front part of the pituitary gland to make and then release a corresponding pituitary hormone, while inhibiting hormones signal the anterior pituitary gland to stop secreting one of its hormones. 8. c kidney, liver, and heart contain cells that secrete hormones. 5. The exocrine part of the pancreas produces digestive enzymes and delivers them to the small intestine through ducts. The endocrine part of the pancreas secretes two hormones into the bloodstream which regulate blood glucose levels. 6. a Vocabulary Review 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. SECTION: HOW HORMONES WORK 1. The hormones are not fat soluble. 2. The shape of the receptor protein changes. 3. an amino-acid-based hormone made in 6. 7. 8. 1. In Situation 1, the receptors of Cell M 2. 1. Together they serve as a major control 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. l n j o b h c INTERPRETING SCIENTIFIC ILLUSTRATIONS the first messenger, or hormone, to the cell a change in the shape of a receptor protein An enzyme is activated that converts ATP to a second messenger called cyclic AMP. activates or deactivates certain enzymes in a cascading fashion b SECTION: THE MAJOR ENDOCRINE GLANDS 2. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. Science Skills the pancreas 4. a molecule that passes a message from 5. f i d m k g e a center for the rest of the endocrine system. the area of the brain that coordinates the activities of the nervous and endocrine systems temperature, blood pressure, and emotions through signals sent from the nervous system as well as from blood concentrations of circulating hormones by producing hormones that provide response instructions to the pituitary gland suspended from the hypothalamus by a short stalk Both releasing and inhibiting hormones are produced by nerve cells in the hypothalamus and released into a special network of blood vessels between the hypothalamus and pituitary gland. 3. 4. 5. 6. are defective. Cell M does not secrete any Hormone B because the cell cannot be stimulated to do so. Cell D’s secretion of Hormone A increases because of the lack of release of Hormone B. In Situation 2, the receptors of Cell D are defective. Cell D’s secretion of Hormone A is increased because it is unable to detect Hormone B secreted by Cell M. In response to the increased levels of Hormone A, Cell M’s secretion of Hormone B increases. If Cell D could not produce Hormone A, Cell M would not be stimulated to release Hormone B. The concentrations of both hormones would be zero. Liver cells release glucose. Pancreas releases insulin. Blood-glucose levels decrease. Concept Mapping 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. pituitary gland testes thyroid gland pancreas estrogens thyroid hormone insulin epinephrine or norepinephrine norepinephrine or epinephrine Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. Holt Biology 64 Hormones and the Endocrine System