Employee Engagement Rita McGee and Ann Rennie CD24949 prelims.indd 1 A sample from Employee Engagement by Rita McGee and Ann Rennie. Published by the CIPD. Copyright CIPD © 2010. All rights reserved. No part of this excerpt may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise. www.cipd.co.uk/Bookstore 04/11/2010 09:16 Published by the Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development, 151 The Broadway, London SW19 1JQ First published 2011 © CIPD 2011 The right of the CIPD to be identified as author of this Work has been asserted by them in accordance with sections 77 and 78 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 Pages marked with the following icon may be customised, printed out or photocopied and disseminated within the purchasing organisation. Consultants may also customise, print out or photocopy and disseminate them to clients. Otherwise, all rights reserved. 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Design by Curve Typeset by Fakenham Photosetting Ltd, Fakenham, Norfolk Printed in Great Britain by Antony Rowe Ltd, Chippenham British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue of this publication is available from the British Library ISBN-13 978 1 84398 270 8 The views expressed in this publication are the author’s own and may not necessarily reflect those of the CIPD. The CIPD has made every effort to trace and acknowledge copyright holders. If any source has been overlooked, CIPD Enterprises would be pleased to redress this for future editions. Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development 151 The Broadway, London SW19 1JQ Tel: 020 8612 6200 Email: cipd@cipd.co.uk Website: www.cipd.co.uk Incorporated by Royal Charter Registered charity No. 1079797 CD24949 prelims.indd 2 A sample from Employee Engagement by Rita McGee and Ann Rennie. Published by the CIPD. Copyright CIPD © 2010. All rights reserved. No part of this excerpt may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise. www.cipd.co.uk/Bookstore 04/11/2010 09:16 Contents Introduction References vii xi Section 1: The foundations for engagement Section 1.1: Building block 1 – Exploring the business case for engagement How others are making the case for engagement The metrics Section 1.2: Building block 2 – Assessment: where are you now? How to gather data about engagement Creating your own engagement survey The employee survey The managers’ interview The customer survey Section 1.3: Building block 3 – Clarifying the foundations for engagement Defining the organisation’s purpose Pitfalls to avoid The role of values Creating a values statement Defining the organisation’s expectations of its employees Understanding employees’ expectations of the employer 1 Section 2: Defining the blueprint for success Section 2.1: Teams and their role in engagement The motivated team member Self-managed teams Virtual work teams Team reviews Teamworking strategies that work Coping strategies – teams under pressure Fun at work Section 2.2: The line manager’s role in engagement Empowering individuals – the CAP model Building a leadership brand for engagement 3 3 15 35 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 iii CD24949 prelims.indd 3 A sample from Employee Engagement by Rita McGee and Ann Rennie. Published by the CIPD. Copyright CIPD © 2010. All rights reserved. No part of this excerpt may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise. www.cipd.co.uk/Bookstore 04/11/2010 09:16 Contents Key behaviours of management in the engagement process Managing motivation to enhance engagement The top team and engagement Behaviours that derail Keeping teams motivated and engaged and managing during times of high stress Section 2.3: Engaging the key stakeholders Identifying key relationships and areas for engagement Employee ‘voice’ Tips for navigating the legal and regulatory area Section 3: Move to action – the implementation stage Section 3.1: Clarifying and explaining the employment ‘contract’ What defines a fair day’s work? Variables of engagement Constructing a ‘total compensation’ statement and its links with engagement Section 3.2: Recruit for engagement Is there a ‘right’ type of employee? What should you look for in a potential recruit in terms of skills and attitudes? What can you use to assess a candidate when looking for attributes that will fuel employee engagement? The job profile Individual differences Section 3.3: Reward and recognition for engagement An overview of the different methods and types of reward and their impact on engagement – which ones motivate? The role of performance management and its link with engagement The role of competencies in the engagement arena Dealing with poor performance while maintaining high engagement levels Engaging ‘survivors’ Recognition schemes and linking them to engagement Section 3.4: Communicate for engagement Methods and techniques for communicating purpose and expectations 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 iv CD24949 prelims.indd 4 A sample from Employee Engagement by Rita McGee and Ann Rennie. Published by the CIPD. Copyright CIPD © 2010. All rights reserved. No part of this excerpt may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise. www.cipd.co.uk/Bookstore 04/11/2010 09:16 Section 4: Learning and engagement Section 4.1: The conditions for engagement External scenario assessment The internal focus Section 4.2: The engaged organisation The engaged organisation must be a learning organisation The organisation’s approach to learning and development Section 4.3: The engaged individual Induction and engagement Working with comfort zones – learning agility Coaching to help people achieve ‘flow’ Energy cycles Are you keeping your ‘millennials’ happy? Developing your managers to enhance engagement Managerial capability self-assessment tool 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 Contents How to improve your communications channels and processes Collaboration and communication with employee representatives Communicating in times of crisis v CD24949 prelims.indd 5 A sample from Employee Engagement by Rita McGee and Ann Rennie. Published by the CIPD. Copyright CIPD © 2010. All rights reserved. No part of this excerpt may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise. www.cipd.co.uk/Bookstore 04/11/2010 09:16 CD24949 prelims.indd 6 A sample from Employee Engagement by Rita McGee and Ann Rennie. Published by the CIPD. Copyright CIPD © 2010. All rights reserved. No part of this excerpt may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise. www.cipd.co.uk/Bookstore 04/11/2010 09:16 Two cups of tea I arrived early, introduced myself then waited for half an hour in reception. Eventually the receptionist, who didn’t have a record of my name as a new arrival to the company, told me that no one would be available to show me around and no one was expecting to meet me. I made my way up to the third floor, where the notice board indicated my new office was located, and a woman was standing at a reception desk. I told her I was new then asked her if she would show me where I might be working. She nodded, but didn’t tell me her name, she went on to enthusiastically greet another woman who had come up in the lift with me. introduCtion Introduction ‘Hello Jill.’ ‘Hello Pam.’ ‘Hello,’ I said again. ‘I’m Susan.’ Silence. I followed them to a small room with a kettle and a microwave. They talked about a funeral they had attended, made two cups of tea for themselves and I followed them to the office. A little later, my supervisor burst in. ‘Sorry’ he said. ‘Bloody boss had me sorting out his car insurance. Anyway. I’m sure you’ve made yourself known to everyone.’ All around, people stared at me blankly. ‘Oh, by the way.’ He added with a laugh. ‘There was a problem with your CRB check.’ The others gave me an odd look. (The problem turned out to be the fact that I had used the title Ms instead of Miss on part of the form.) My new contract had emphasised the ‘on-the-job training’ I would be offered, so I had a few questions prepared to get the ball rolling. It turned out that the on-the-job training consisted of getting ‘stuck in’ and asking for help when needed. My first task was to complete the filing of the incumbent who had used the desk before me. It took Jill and Pam three days to ask me my name, then three weeks to remember it correctly. My supervisor, although friendly, was hardly ever around, and had long lunch hours with his mates. I was forced to ‘make it up as I went along’! And a cup of coffee I arrived early, but the building was already filled with lively people. Some were wearing sports gear, fresh from the gym. Men and women were bringing their children into the vii CD24949 prelims.indd 7 A sample from Employee Engagement by Rita McGee and Ann Rennie. Published by the CIPD. Copyright CIPD © 2010. All rights reserved. No part of this excerpt may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise. www.cipd.co.uk/Bookstore 04/11/2010 09:16 introduCtion crèche. There was a coffee bar on the ground floor and I joined the queue. I listened into the conversations around me. Most were business-related: colleagues ‘sounding out’ before attending a meeting or putting together a team for a forthcoming project. There were others there, too: clients, union representatives, even the local MP. I took my coffee and wandered over to the notice board. It advertised forthcoming talks that had been organised, on both work and non-work-related topics. There was a thank you letter from an employee who had run the London Marathon and had raised a very large sum for charity with the help of her colleagues. Many had ‘cheered her on’ on the day. The president of the company would be giving out awards for ‘Team of the Year’ the following Friday ‘for the most innovative idea for a new product or service’. The winners would be treated to an evening at a local restaurant. A man came up behind me. ‘Susan?’ he asked. ‘Delighted to see you here so early.’ It was Jim, my supervisor. He bought me another cup of coffee and directed me to a table. ‘Let me tell you about my plan for today. . .’ He then escorted me to the office and introduced me to the team. I was to spend time with each of them over the following days, learning about all aspects of the department. I was given a full induction and joined them all for a welcome drink on the Friday evening. So, which of these really happened? Both, actually. Needless to say, Susan didn’t thrive at the first organisation. Her colleagues turned out to be very pleasant people, but they were given little opportunity to develop or to enjoy their day-to-day work. As a consequence, they were unmotivated, kept their heads down and spent their weekdays making plans for the weekend. The second organisation was known for having a high level of ‘employee engagement’. Its regular employee surveys revealed that over 85% felt ‘highly motivated’, and not just because there was a coffee bar on the ground floor! The Toolkit This Toolkit looks at the various components that need to be in place to help to create the second scenario. It also gives you insights into why so many organisations fall into the first. viii CD24949 prelims.indd 8 A sample from Employee Engagement by Rita McGee and Ann Rennie. Published by the CIPD. Copyright CIPD © 2010. All rights reserved. No part of this excerpt may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise. www.cipd.co.uk/Bookstore 04/11/2010 09:16 • What are the essential elements that need to exist to engage employees? • How can HR professionals assist in enabling engagement? introduCtion There is a direct link between engagement rates and customer satisfaction, which is in turn linked to profit or efficiency. Organisational capability efforts will come to nothing if engagement is low. In order to achieve success, there must be adequate attention placed on building and then managing engagement. This Toolkit provides an overview of the latest ideas and approaches to engagement. It helps to answer some key questions, including: • Who needs to be involved? The engaged company s ate cre cre ate s The conditions of engagement creates The engaged employee The Toolkit is split into four sections: Section Section Section Section 1: 2: 3: 4: The foundations for engagement Define the blueprint for success Move to action – the implementation stage Learning and engagement. Throughout this Toolkit we will explore the concepts of both rational engagement and emotional engagement. According to the Corporate Leadership Council (2004), ‘Emotional engagement is defined as the extent to which employees derive pride, enjoyment, inspiration, or meaning from something or someone in the organisation. While rational commitment is defined as the extent to which employees feel that someone or something within their organizations provides financial, developmental, or professional rewards that are in their best interests’ (Corporate Leadership Council 2004). Sections 1, 2 and 3 focus on key elements of rational engagement. Section 4 is primarily aimed at supporting your attempts to build emotional engagement. ix CD24949 prelims.indd 9 A sample from Employee Engagement by Rita McGee and Ann Rennie. Published by the CIPD. Copyright CIPD © 2010. All rights reserved. No part of this excerpt may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise. www.cipd.co.uk/Bookstore 04/11/2010 09:16 introduCtion Access and terms of use for Toolkit tools You can access the downloadable tools by visiting www.cipd.co.uk/tsm If you work in an organisation you can use them as a facilitator with your employees. The tools can be customised to suit your organisation. For instance you can add your own logo, insert or delete whole chunks of text or images, and change the formatting to suit your company branding. If you wish to place the electronic files on a company intranet or use them across multiple sites/offices, please email publishing@cipd.co.uk to apply for a multi-user licence. If you are a consultant you can adapt the tools to the needs of your client for a specific project. Your client and their employees have the right to keep and reuse the tools for the lifetime of this project. Unlicensed file-sharing is, of course, a breach of copyright law x CD24949 prelims.indd 10 A sample from Employee Engagement by Rita McGee and Ann Rennie. Published by the CIPD. Copyright CIPD © 2010. All rights reserved. No part of this excerpt may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise. www.cipd.co.uk/Bookstore 04/11/2010 09:16 ACAS. (no date) Information and consultation of employees [online]. London: Advisory, Conciliation and Arbitration Service. Available at: http://www.acas.org.uk/index. aspx?articleid=1598 referenCes References ALIMO-METCALFE, B. and ALBAN-METCALFE, R.J. (2008) Selected reports from the 12th World HR Congress, London. ALIMO-METCALFE, B. and ALBAN-METCALFE, R.J. (2001) The development of a new transformational leadership questionnaire. Journal of Occupational and Organisational Psychology. Vol 74. pp1–27. ALLEN, R. and HELMS, M. (2002) Employee perceptions of relationships between strategy rewards and organizational performance. Journal of Business Strategies. Vol 19, No 2. pp115–139. ASHKENAS, R. (2009) Simply effective: how to cut through complexity in your organisation and get things done. Boston: Harvard Business School Press. BAND, D.C. and TUSTIN, C.M. (1995) Strategic downsizing. Management Decision. Vol 33, No 8. pp36–45. BERR website: www.berr.gov.uk/policies/employment-matters/rights/info-con BESTCOMPANIES GROUP website: www.bestcompanies.co.uk BLESSINGWHITE. (2008) The state of employee engagement – highlights for UK and Ireland. Skillman, NJ: BlessingWhite. BLOOM, B.S. (1956). Taxonomy of educational objectives, handbook i: the cognitive domain. New York: David McKay Co Inc. BOYLE, M. and COLLINS, J. (2007) Q&A with management guru Jim Collins. Fortune Magazine. 14 March. Available at: http://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/fortune_ archive/2007/02/19/8400260/index.htm xi CD24949 prelims.indd 11 A sample from Employee Engagement by Rita McGee and Ann Rennie. Published by the CIPD. Copyright CIPD © 2010. All rights reserved. No part of this excerpt may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise. www.cipd.co.uk/Bookstore 04/11/2010 09:16 referenCes BUCKINGHAM, M. and COFFMAN, C. (1999) First, break all the rules: what the world’s greatest managers do differently. New York: Simon & Schuster. CAYE, J-M., STACK, P., ORLANDER, P., KILLMANN, J., ESPINOSA, E.G., FRANCOEUR, F. and HAEN, P. (2010) Creating a new deal for middle managers: empowering a neglected but critical group.- The Boston Consulting Group and World Federation of People Management Associations July 2010 CIPD. (2010) Employee voice [online]. Factsheet. London: Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development. Available at: http://www.cipd.co.uk/factsheets CIPD. (2010) European works councils [online]. Factsheet. London: Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development. Available at: http://www.cipd.co.uk/factsheets CIPD. (2010) Voice and engagement: how does collective consultation contribute? Research insight. London: Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development. COLLINS, J.C. and PORRAS, J.I. (2005) Built to last: successful habits of visionary companies. New York: Random House Business Books. CORPORATE EXECUTIVE BOARD. (2007) The communication style quadrants. Research from the Finance Leadership Academy. Arlington, VA: Corporate Executive Board. CORPORATE LEADERSHIP COUNCIL. (2004) Driving performance and retention through employee engagement. Arlington, VA: Corporate Executive Board. CSIKSZENTMIHALYI, M. (1990) Flow: the psychology of optimal experience. New York: Harper Collins. DEPARTMENT FOR BUSINESS, INNOVATIONS AND SKILLS. (2006) Information and Consultation of Employees 2004, DTI guidance. London: The Stationery Office. DEWHURST, M., GUTHRIDGE, M. and MOHR, E. (2009) Motivating people: getting beyond money. McKinsey Quarterly: Organization Practice. November. DUNDON, T. and GOLLAN, P. (2007) Re-conceptualizing voice in the non-union workplace. International Journal of Human Resource Management. Vol 18, No 7, July. pp1182–1198. xii CD24949 prelims.indd 12 A sample from Employee Engagement by Rita McGee and Ann Rennie. Published by the CIPD. Copyright CIPD © 2010. All rights reserved. No part of this excerpt may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise. www.cipd.co.uk/Bookstore 04/11/2010 09:16 EEF/CPH. (2009) EEF/CPH consulting employment survey 2009: report on union recognition/membership and the employee relations climate. Gateshead: EEF. referenCes DUNDON, T., WILKINSON, A. and MARCHINGTON, M. (2004) The meanings and purpose of employee voice. International Journal of Human Resource Management. Vol 15, No 6, September. pp1149–1170. ENGELS, F. (1881) A fair day’s work. Labour Standard. GERACI, J., DOVER, M. and DA SILVA, I. (2008) Talent 2.0: insights from nGenera proprietary survey research. Austin, TX: nGenera Corporation. GIBBONS, J. (2006) Employee engagement: a review of current research and its implications. New York: The Conference Board. HAY GROUP and WORLDATWORK. (2009) Reward next practices survey. Philadelphia: Hay Group. HERSHEY, P. (1985) The situational leader. New York: Warner Books. HERSHEY, P. and BLANCHARD, K.H. (2007) Management of organizational behavior: utilizing human resources (9th ed.). New Jersey: Prentice Hall. HEWITT ASSOCIATES. (2009) Hewitt’s 2009 global HR study: managing HR on a global scale. Lincolnshire, Illinois: Hewitt Associates. JACKINS, H. (1970) Fundamentals of co-counselling manual. Seattle: Rational Island. JENSEN, D., MCMULLEN, T. and STARK, M. (2007) The manager’s guide to reward. Philadelphia: Hay Group. KATZENBACH, J. and SMITH, D. (1993) The wisdom of teams. Boston: Harvard Business School Press. KIM, W-B. (2003) Economic crisis, downsizing and ‘layoff survivor’s syndrome’. Journal of Contemporary Asia. Vol 33, No 4. pp449–464. LENCIONI, P.M. (2002) Make your values mean something. Harvard Business Review. 1 July. xiii CD24949 prelims.indd 13 A sample from Employee Engagement by Rita McGee and Ann Rennie. Published by the CIPD. Copyright CIPD © 2010. All rights reserved. No part of this excerpt may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise. www.cipd.co.uk/Bookstore 04/11/2010 09:16 referenCes LOMBARDO, M.M. and EICHINGER, R.W. (2001) The leadership machine: architecture to develop leaders for any future. 3rd ed. Minneapolis, MN: Lominger MACEY, W.H. and SCHNEIDER, B. (2008) The meaning of employee engagement. Industrial and Organizational Psychology. Vol 1, No 1. pp3–30. MACLEOD, D. and CLARKE, N. (2009) Engaging for success: enhancing performance through employee engagement. Report commissioned by the Department for Business, Innovation and Skills. London: The Stationery Office. MARITZ RESEARCH. (2005) Maritz poll: bosses not ‘on the same page’ as employees regarding recognition. St Louis: Maritz Research. MONE, M. and LONDON, M. (2009) Employee engagement through effective performance management. London: Routledge Academic. SELIGMAN, M. (no date) Questionnaires on authentic happiness. Penn State University. Available at: http://www.authentichappiness.sas.upenn.edu/Default.aspx SENGE, P.M. (1990) The fifth discipline: the art and practice of the learning organization. London: Random House. SHAH, P.P. (2000) Network destruction: the cultural implications of downsizing. The Academy of Management Journal. Vol 43, No 1. pp101–112. SLOMAN, M. (2003) Training in the age of the learner. London: Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development. TAMKIN, P., PEARSON, G., HIRSH, W. and CONSTABLE, S. (2010) Exceeding expectations: the principles of outstanding leadership. London: The Work Foundation. TOWERS PERRIN. (2009) Turbocharging employee engagement: the power of recognition from managers. Part 2 – the circle of recognition. New York: Towers Perrin. TOWERS WATSON. (2010) The new employment deal: how far, how fast and how enduring: insights from Towers Watson’s 2010 global workforce study. New York: Towers Watson. xiv CD24949 prelims.indd 14 A sample from Employee Engagement by Rita McGee and Ann Rennie. Published by the CIPD. Copyright CIPD © 2010. All rights reserved. No part of this excerpt may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise. www.cipd.co.uk/Bookstore 04/11/2010 09:16 VENTRICE, C. (2009) Make their day! Employee Recognition that works. 2nd ed. San Francisco, CA: Berrett-Koehler. referenCes TRUSS, C., SOANE, E., EDWARDS, C., WISDOM, K., CROLL, A., and BURNETT, J. (2006) Working life: employee attitudes and engagement. Research report. London: Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development. WALTON, S. (1993) Made in America: my story. New York: Random House. WATSON WYATT. (2006–07) WorkUSA survey. Washington, DC: Watson Wyatt. WATSON WYATT. (2004) Connecting organisational communication to financial performance – 2003/2004 communication ROI study . Washington, DC: Watson Wyatt. WYSOCKI, A.F. and KEPNE, K.W. (2001) EDIS document HR 009. A publication of the Department of Food and Resource Economics, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL. xv CD24949 prelims.indd 15 A sample from Employee Engagement by Rita McGee and Ann Rennie. Published by the CIPD. Copyright CIPD © 2010. All rights reserved. No part of this excerpt may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise. www.cipd.co.uk/Bookstore 04/11/2010 09:16 CD24949 prelims.indd 16 A sample from Employee Engagement by Rita McGee and Ann Rennie. Published by the CIPD. Copyright CIPD © 2010. All rights reserved. No part of this excerpt may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise. www.cipd.co.uk/Bookstore 04/11/2010 09:16 ‘People are like electricity, of no use unless switched on.’ Professor Peter Drucker While preparing to write this Toolkit, many people gave us very helpful advice. It was apparent that everyone has their own view about what makes for a high level of employee engagement. The one point they all agreed on, however, was: we know employee engagement is vital to competitive advantage; it is for the most part excruciatingly difficult to get all of the pieces in place at once. On the face of it, it is not complex, since we all seem to recognise it when it exists, so why is it so hard to achieve? It seems that there has to be a set of basic ‘building blocks’ before any kind of interventions can be made to enhance engagement. The Tools in this section focus on these building blocks. The foundaTions for engagemenT Section 1: The foundations for engagement The first building block (Section 1.1) is to make the case for engagement. You know that engagement is important; we know that because you have purchased this Toolkit. The tools in the first step are to help you make the business case to others. The second building block (Section 1.2) is then to assess where you are starting from. We include some assessment tools that will help you to identify where your organisation is now in relation to some of the key aspects of engagement. The third building block (Section 1.3) is to lay some foundations for building engagement. Here we consider organisational purpose and values and explain how these can help or hinder the engagement process. Finally, we then turn to the tricky issue of clarifying expectations – yours of the employees and the employees’ expectations of the organisation. Often there is a gap between these two perspectives, which can be a major barrier for addressing concerns about employee engagement. 1 CD24949 section1.indd 1 A sample from Employee Engagement by Rita McGee and Ann Rennie. Published by the CIPD. Copyright CIPD © 2010. All rights reserved. No part of this excerpt may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise. www.cipd.co.uk/Bookstore 02/11/2010 13:46 The foundaTions for engagemenT What are the benefits of making changes? ‘Great companies consistently outperform the FTSE All Share. Over the past five years the best companies would have earned an investor a compounded annual return of 12.1 percent, compared with 5.8 percent decline in the FTSE All Share index as a whole.’ Source: Sunday Times 100 Best Companies to Work For list, 2003, Statistics by Frank Russell Company. 2 CD24949 section1.indd 2 A sample from Employee Engagement by Rita McGee and Ann Rennie. Published by the CIPD. Copyright CIPD © 2010. All rights reserved. No part of this excerpt may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise. www.cipd.co.uk/Bookstore 02/11/2010 13:46 Tool 1 How others are making the case for engagement Facilitator’s notes Introduction We have gathered a few examples here of research into employee engagement. These will date, so you will need to seek new and updated versions over time. This Tool is therefore an overview of current thinking, with the PowerPoint slides provided for you to make presentations to your organisation. There is also a summary of important research and where to find it so that you can build a tailored presentation. You can also use the sources to keep yourself up to date with current thinking. Aim of the Tool To provide a source of current business cases for employee engagement with access to an online forum. Materials needed Your own data on employee engagement, which, when combined with our slides, can be used to create a tailored business case. Building Block 1 – exploring The Business case for engagemenT Section 1.1 Building block 1 – Exploring the business case for engagement 3 CD24949 section1.indd 3 A sample from Employee Engagement by Rita McGee and Ann Rennie. Published by the CIPD. Copyright CIPD © 2010. All rights reserved. No part of this excerpt may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise. www.cipd.co.uk/Bookstore 02/11/2010 13:46 Building Block 1 – exploring The Business case for engagemenT Procedure Working on your own or with a small group, consider the data presented below. You may want to explore: • how this compares to your own situation • the potential benefits to you or your organisation of making a positive change • what data you still need to gather. Create your own presentation to make the case for engagement. Evaluating its use Have you been able to convince your organisation to make changes? How have you impacted commitment, engagement, retention, profit? 4 CD24949 section1.indd 4 A sample from Employee Engagement by Rita McGee and Ann Rennie. Published by the CIPD. Copyright CIPD © 2010. All rights reserved. No part of this excerpt may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise. www.cipd.co.uk/Bookstore 02/11/2010 13:46 Business case 1 Lousy bosses can kill you The research We start with the most extreme case, which was presented in a McKinsey company newsletter in August 2010. Lousy bosses can kill you – literally • A 2009 Swedish study tracking 3,122 men for ten years found that those with bad bosses suffered 20–40% more heart aQacks than those with good bosses. • Bosses maQer: more than 95% of all people in the workforce have bosses, are bosses, or both. The Business case for employee engagemenT The Tool The business case for employee engagement • Source: McKinsey 5 This document can be downloaded as a Word document from http://www.cipd.co.uk/tsm, copyright © CIPD. Please use or adapt this document in line with our terms of use: http://www.cipd.co.uk/Bookstore/onlineresources/termsofuse. CD24949 section1.indd 5 A sample from Employee Engagement by Rita McGee and Ann Rennie. Published by the CIPD. Copyright CIPD © 2010. All rights reserved. No part of this excerpt may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise. www.cipd.co.uk/Bookstore 02/11/2010 13:46 Building Block 1 – exploring The Business case for engagemenT Notes This then leads us to a particularly tricky issue: line managers are critical to employee engagement. They can derail your work if they are not capable. In fact, a Swedish study found that they can actually be much more harmful. The following extract was reported by McKinsey (2010): Bosses matter. They matter because more than 95 percent of all people in the workforce have bosses, are bosses, or both. They matter because they set the tone for their followers and organisations. And they matter because many studies show that for more than 75 percent of employees, dealing with their immediate boss is the most stressful part of the job. Bosses matter to everyone they oversee, but they matter most to those just beneath them in the pecking order: the people they guide at close range, who constantly tangle with the boss’s virtues, foibles, and quirks. Whether you are the CEO of a Fortune 500 company or the head chef at a restaurant, your success depends on staying in tune with the people you interact with most frequently and intensely. 6 This document can be downloaded as a Word document from http://www.cipd.co.uk/tsm, copyright © CIPD. Please use or adapt this document in line with our terms of use: http://www.cipd.co.uk/Bookstore/onlineresources/termsofuse. CD24949 section1.indd 6 A sample from Employee Engagement by Rita McGee and Ann Rennie. Published by the CIPD. Copyright CIPD © 2010. All rights reserved. No part of this excerpt may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise. www.cipd.co.uk/Bookstore 02/11/2010 13:46 The recession’s impact on engagement The research There are conflicting sources of data on this subject and both were produced in 2010. The earlier research in February indicated that the recession had not impacted engagement and we refer to this in the Introduction. The later research, which was presented in November, indicates a different picture. As with all data, consider it and then use it to help you determine what to look for in your sector to see what the real picture is for your organisation. This Tool includes the later research by the Boston Consulting Group in association with the World Federation of People Management Associations (WFPMA) and the European Association for People Management (EAPM) (Caye et al 2010). When we consider the conflicting reports, it may be worth remembering the two types of engagement expressed in the Introduction: emotional engagement – the extent to which employees derive pride, enjoyment, inspiration, or meaning from something or someone in the organisation; and rational engagement – the extent to which employees feel that someone or something within their organisation provides financial, developmental or professional rewards that are in their best interests. The CIPD research that indicated no change to engagement is more focused on rational engagement. The BCG research included below seems to focus more on emotional engagement. The Business case for employee engagemenT Business case 2 7 This document can be downloaded as a Word document from http://www.cipd.co.uk/tsm, copyright © CIPD. Please use or adapt this document in line with our terms of use: http://www.cipd.co.uk/Bookstore/onlineresources/termsofuse. CD24949 section1.indd 7 A sample from Employee Engagement by Rita McGee and Ann Rennie. Published by the CIPD. Copyright CIPD © 2010. All rights reserved. No part of this excerpt may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise. www.cipd.co.uk/Bookstore 02/11/2010 13:46 Building Block 1 – exploring The Business case for engagemenT One-­‐third of companies troubled by low employee engagement (BCG & WFPMA) • Employee engagement – the willingness of workers to go the extra mile at work – took a big hit during the recession and has not bounced back. Research conducted by the Boston Consul>ng Group (BCG) and World Federa>on of People Management Associa>ons (WFPMA)/European Associa>on for People Management (EAPM) (2010) Six areas of disengagement 1. structured career management that recognises appropriate behaviours 2. clear consequences for individuals not living the company values 3. performance linked to compensa\on 4. managers ac\ng as ‘resources’ or coaches 5. training and development for people management prac\ces 6. recogni\on beyond compensa\on BCG-­‐WFPMA/EAPM (2010) 8 This document can be downloaded as a Word document from http://www.cipd.co.uk/tsm, copyright © CIPD. Please use or adapt this document in line with our terms of use: http://www.cipd.co.uk/Bookstore/onlineresources/termsofuse. CD24949 section1.indd 8 A sample from Employee Engagement by Rita McGee and Ann Rennie. Published by the CIPD. Copyright CIPD © 2010. All rights reserved. No part of this excerpt may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise. www.cipd.co.uk/Bookstore 02/11/2010 13:46 First: The recession damaged engagement in three areas closely related to the six problem spots: – performance management: the processes and systems that set targets, collect feedback, and link ac\ons to results – recogni\on: formalised ways of acknowledging and rewarding strong performance – people manager capabili\es: people skills and leadership behaviours through the organisa\on BCG-­‐WFPMA/EAPM (2010) Two overarching conclusions Second: The decline in scores was most drama\c among middle managers: – Between 2007 and 2009, their engagement as it relates to performance management and recogni\on dropped by 14%, and by 10% in the people-­‐manager dimension. The Business case for employee engagemenT Two overarching conclusions BCG-­‐WFPMA/EAPM (2010) 9 This document can be downloaded as a Word document from http://www.cipd.co.uk/tsm, copyright © CIPD. Please use or adapt this document in line with our terms of use: http://www.cipd.co.uk/Bookstore/onlineresources/termsofuse. CD24949 section1.indd 9 A sample from Employee Engagement by Rita McGee and Ann Rennie. Published by the CIPD. Copyright CIPD © 2010. All rights reserved. No part of this excerpt may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise. www.cipd.co.uk/Bookstore 02/11/2010 13:46 Building Block 1 – exploring The Business case for engagemenT Business case 3 Engagement differs amongst industries The research The third case relates to engagement levels by sector and industry. We were trying to understand if engagement levels differed by profession and this is the research that came nearest to our requirement. It makes for very interesting reading – particularly when we consider that most employee engagement projects will be initiated by HR or external consulting firms. Blessing White research 2008 • Sectors with the largest number of engaged employees are: – HR consulDng and training (46%) – Energy/uDliDes (40%) – Legal and business services (34%) – AssociaDon/not-­‐for-­‐profit (34%) 10 This document can be downloaded as a Word document from http://www.cipd.co.uk/tsm, copyright © CIPD. Please use or adapt this document in line with our terms of use: http://www.cipd.co.uk/Bookstore/onlineresources/termsofuse. CD24949 section1.indd 10 A sample from Employee Engagement by Rita McGee and Ann Rennie. Published by the CIPD. Copyright CIPD © 2010. All rights reserved. No part of this excerpt may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise. www.cipd.co.uk/Bookstore 02/11/2010 13:46 • Industries with the fewest number of engaged staff are: – Academia or higher educaDon (23%) – High technology (24%) – Chemicals (24%) – Retail (24%) – Government (25%) The Business case for employee engagemenT Blessing White research 2008 11 This document can be downloaded as a Word document from http://www.cipd.co.uk/tsm, copyright © CIPD. Please use or adapt this document in line with our terms of use: http://www.cipd.co.uk/Bookstore/onlineresources/termsofuse. CD24949 section1.indd 11 A sample from Employee Engagement by Rita McGee and Ann Rennie. Published by the CIPD. Copyright CIPD © 2010. All rights reserved. No part of this excerpt may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise. www.cipd.co.uk/Bookstore 02/11/2010 13:46 Building Block 1 – exploring The Business case for engagemenT Business case 4 Every engaged employee is worth about $5,000 in additional profit The research Hewitt Associates (2009) estimates that every ‘engaged’ employee is worth about $5,000 each year in additional profit. Its research shows that companies that score 60% or higher have an average five-year shareholder return of 20.2%. Of the key levers that determine employee engagement, 22 of the top 25 directly involve manager-led activities. Overall, these manager-led activities have the potential to impact employee discretionary effort by 20% or more. These manager-led activities fall into two major categories: managing employee job performance and managing an employee’s relationship with the organisation. Specifically, the top ten management-led activities that leverage engagement are: Management activity Percent impact on discretionary effort Employees understand the connection between work and organisational strategy 32.8 Employees understand the importance of their jobs to organisational success 30.3 Internal communication 29.2 Manager demonstrates strong commitment to diversity 28.5 Manager demonstrates honesty and integrity 27.9 Manager adapts to changing circumstances 27.6 Manager clearly articulates organisational goals 27.6 Manager possesses needed job skills 27.2 Manager sets realistic performance expectations 27.1 Manager puts the right people in the right roles at the right time 26.9 12 This document can be downloaded as a Word document from http://www.cipd.co.uk/tsm, copyright © CIPD. Please use or adapt this document in line with our terms of use: http://www.cipd.co.uk/Bookstore/onlineresources/termsofuse. CD24949 section1.indd 12 A sample from Employee Engagement by Rita McGee and Ann Rennie. Published by the CIPD. Copyright CIPD © 2010. All rights reserved. No part of this excerpt may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise. www.cipd.co.uk/Bookstore 02/11/2010 13:46 The 10:6:2 and the 10:9 rules The research Employee commitment has a positive impact on discretionary effort, performance and retention (Corporate Leadership Council 2006). Highly engaged employees provide as much as 57% more discretionary effort than the disengaged. Highly committed employees will seek ways to improve the effectiveness of their work. Increasing employee discretionary effort from the lowest level to a high level improves performance by as much as 20%. Remember the 10:6:2 rule: a 10% improvement in engagement results in a 6% improvement in discretionary effort, which delivers a 2% improvement in performance. Survey data and analysis from the CLC suggests that employee commitment directly impacts retention. This is captured as the 10:9 ‘rule’: every 10% improvement in commitment will decrease the probability of departure by 9%. The Business case for employee engagemenT Business case 5 13 This document can be downloaded as a Word document from http://www.cipd.co.uk/tsm, copyright © CIPD. Please use or adapt this document in line with our terms of use: http://www.cipd.co.uk/Bookstore/onlineresources/termsofuse. CD24949 section1.indd 13 A sample from Employee Engagement by Rita McGee and Ann Rennie. Published by the CIPD. Copyright CIPD © 2010. All rights reserved. No part of this excerpt may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise. www.cipd.co.uk/Bookstore 02/11/2010 13:46 Building Block 1 – exploring The Business case for engagemenT Business case 6 There must be alignment between business strategy and engagement to achieve performance improvements The research Engagement correlates with business Top 25% 27.6% Alignment index Middle 50% 14.9% 15.9% 21% Three year performance differentials 6.7% Bottom 25% Bottom 25% Middle 50% Commitment index Top 25% Vicky Wright Figure 1.1: Engagement correlates with business strategy Engagement without alignment will not result in higher performance. You need a combination of the two. This London Business School research indicated that if you had both alignment and commitment you could expect to see a 27.6% performance differential over three years. This data was presented to the CIPD Annual Conference in October 2006 by Vicky Wright of the London Business School (and Honorary Chair of the CIPD until November 2010). On the face of it, this is a very simple finding. However, many engagement projects fail to deliver performance improvements. This failure is most likely to be because of a lack of alignment with the business strategy (see Tool 9). 14 This document can be downloaded as a Word document from http://www.cipd.co.uk/tsm, copyright © CIPD. Please use or adapt this document in line with our terms of use: http://www.cipd.co.uk/Bookstore/onlineresources/termsofuse. CD24949 section1.indd 14 A sample from Employee Engagement by Rita McGee and Ann Rennie. Published by the CIPD. Copyright CIPD © 2010. All rights reserved. No part of this excerpt may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise. www.cipd.co.uk/Bookstore 02/11/2010 13:46 The meTrics Tool 2 The metrics Facilitator’s notes Introduction How do you measure your success in building engagement (which is, in essence, an intangible asset)? Well, it is difficult but it is not impossible. This Tool will provide you with some tools to help you do just that. It starts with an overview of the key areas for the collection of data. It also provides a document to help you track your performance over time. It is important to identify a few key measures that are pivotal in your context. If you try to measure too many variables, energy will be dissipated into measurement rather than delivery. In one organisation, we found that if they stopped measuring for a year they would free up the equivalent of ten full-time employees. It is crucial for your credibility and that of the engagement work that you are selective about what to measure and how to report. We offer two methods here. The first is a straight multiple-choice tool – we offer you suggestions but you select ones that will work in your environment. The second tool may at first look like you are justifying your existence (or the existence of the engagement working party); don’t be deterred by this. The tool is intended to show the opportunity cost and is helpful for you when making your business case, as mentioned earlier. Selecting the right metric is important. Communicating the metrics can be a fraught affair. Think about how and what you will communicate to key stakeholders. When we visit organisations, we look to see if they have posted their metrics and their progress against them. We also do a reality check: how does the metric compare with our experience? There is an airport we both frequent and sometimes we have an exceptional experience. Many times, the experience is less than satisfactory either because the queues are lengthy, staff are unhelpful or there may be inadequate areas for us to be able to use our laptops. None of these things appear on the airport’s key performance indicator list. Two of them are linked to employee engagement and if improved would really enhance the flying experience. 15 CD24949 section1.indd 15 A sample from Employee Engagement by Rita McGee and Ann Rennie. Published by the CIPD. Copyright CIPD © 2010. All rights reserved. No part of this excerpt may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise. www.cipd.co.uk/Bookstore 02/11/2010 13:46 Building Block 1 – exploring The Business case for engagemenT Metrics you may wish to consider include: • absence • strikes or other industrial action • participation rates • health and safety issues • return on investment • profit • turnover • customer satisfaction • goal achievement • market segmentation • output rates • quality rates • cost-effectiveness • additional metrics for the public sector in particular include: response rates, cost savings, sustainability and particular key targets, such as beds filled in hospitals, levels of education achieved, and so on. A word of caution Best practice in one organisation is not necessarily best practice. Look for good practices and adapt what others use to your context. Look for analogous organisations with which to compare yourselves. You do not always need to benchmark against your competitors. Best practice adopted unskilfully may end up being worst practice in your organisation. Aim of the Tool To provide you with a starting point for identifying the key metrics for your organisation. We provide a series of metrics you can use, as appropriate. For a number of the more complex ones, we offer some methods for calculating them. 16 CD24949 section1.indd 16 A sample from Employee Engagement by Rita McGee and Ann Rennie. Published by the CIPD. Copyright CIPD © 2010. All rights reserved. No part of this excerpt may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise. www.cipd.co.uk/Bookstore 02/11/2010 13:46 You will need outputs from the assessment section below and other data on key areas of organisational activity or experience. Procedure With a group of key stakeholders, identify the key metrics that would indicate you are making progress. Consider involving your customers in the selection of key metrics. Be sure you measure what is important to them. The meTrics Materials needed Assess your current situation and identify where you are in relation to the external data. Try to put a value on an improvement in any metric selected. This may be an estimate at first, but over time you will be more able to pinpoint actual cost or benefit as your measurement techniques improve. Communicate the metrics to key stakeholders in a way that engages each of them. Evaluating its use Are you better informed about the progress your organisation is making? What are the trends or patterns and are these improving? 17 CD24949 section1.indd 17 A sample from Employee Engagement by Rita McGee and Ann Rennie. Published by the CIPD. Copyright CIPD © 2010. All rights reserved. No part of this excerpt may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise. www.cipd.co.uk/Bookstore 02/11/2010 13:46 Building Block 1 – exploring The Business case for engagemenT The metrics – selection grid Metrics A standard (with some examples) Absence 6.4 days per annum (2009) down from 6.7 (2008) Why use this? Your current measures Target for this year with the cost benefit of achieving it It may be an indicator of disengagement, Cost per employee per annum particularly if you have high absence of one or £595 (2009) two days’ duration. Absence cost varies Loss of productivity considerably by is seen as the single sector, with direct costs in the most important cost public sector 50% higher on of absence, followed average than in by the cost of sick pay the private sector. itself and the cost of The indirect costs of absence staff to cover for those are harder for organisations to who are absent. measure Make sure you have but they are substantial, on average totalling £465 per employee (see Source 4). identified the number of days on average per employee per annum, the actual cost plus the indirect costs of absence and any changes to productivity levels. A one-day change can mean a significant improvement in cost management. Triangulate your absence rates with your engagement rates to see if you can identify a relationship. 18 CD24949 section1.indd 18 A sample from Employee Engagement by Rita McGee and Ann Rennie. Published by the CIPD. Copyright CIPD © 2010. All rights reserved. No part of this excerpt may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise. www.cipd.co.uk/Bookstore 02/11/2010 13:46 A standard (with some examples) Why use this? Absence – Bradford Indicator Bradford Indicator Use this tool to help you pinpoint the impact of short-term absence. If you attach a cost to the ratio, you will start to see that short-term absence is a major cost to the organisation. Any steps taken to improve it and reduce it will have an exponential impact. This is a formula, devised by the University of Bradford to take account of the disruptive effect of frequent short absences as well as long-term absence. The Bradford Index formula is: S 3 S 3 D 5 (INDEX) Where: S is the number of occasions (spells) of absence and Your current measures Target for this year with the cost benefit of achieving it The meTrics Metrics D is the total number of days absent. For example: Five absences of one or two days (211121211) gives S 5 5, and D 5 8. Thus (5 3 5 3 8) 5 200 A single long absence of six weeks (30 days) scores 1 3 1 3 30 5 30 But if that person had another absence of three days, the new calculation would show: 2 3 2 3 33 5 132 Cost savings 19 CD24949 section1.indd 19 A sample from Employee Engagement by Rita McGee and Ann Rennie. Published by the CIPD. Copyright CIPD © 2010. All rights reserved. No part of this excerpt may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise. www.cipd.co.uk/Bookstore 02/11/2010 13:46 Building Block 1 – exploring The Business case for engagemenT Metrics A standard (with some examples) Why use this? Cost of recruitment Identify the average cost of recruitment per employee. Customer loyalty Customer appraisal key performance indicator (KPI) As engagement increases so does retention, which should mean your costs for recruitment will decrease over time. Identify the cost to your business to attract one new customer. 1 % sales turnover of new customers: • this rate 5 turnover from new customers / total sales • The rate indicates what percentage of increased sales of the company is from new customers. Your current measures Target for this year with the cost benefit of achieving it Consider the cost to build a strong relationship. Now estimate the cost of losing that customer and replacing them. Employee engagement should result in higher customer 2 Number of new engagement, loyalty customers and satisfaction. This • this rate 5 number of new should then result in customers / total customers higher sales over time. 3 The average sales per If your organisation customer per year does not focus on • this rate 5 total sales / total sales or revenue, you customers may want to consider • The rate lets you know how the impact a new customer has on your much sales turnover you gained from each customer. business – pinpoint the cost and identify other • Do you have any methods indicators that do to increase revenue per apply, such as return customer or not? visits. 20 CD24949 section1.indd 20 A sample from Employee Engagement by Rita McGee and Ann Rennie. Published by the CIPD. Copyright CIPD © 2010. All rights reserved. No part of this excerpt may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise. www.cipd.co.uk/Bookstore 02/11/2010 13:46 A standard (with some examples) Why use this? Your current measures 4 Average sale per VIP customer • this rate 5 total VIP sales / total VIP customers Target for this year with the cost benefit of achieving it The meTrics Metrics • Compare this ratio to average sales per customer. 5 The rate of profit of a customer • this rate 5 net profit / total customers • The rate lets you know the average profit that is created by a customer. Goals achieved Health and safety issues • This makes customer care policies more relevant, once you know better which customers bring you more profits. Establish a priority list and Publish these goals and monitor achievement rates progress against them over time. in prominent places for employees and clients to see. Number of workplace Employee commitment fatalities: Q1 2010 total (both rational and employees 5 31 and members emotional) is required of public 5 15 if you wish to create Average days lost per worker a safe working environment. for illness and injury 5 1.24 Average days lost per case 5 15.9 (refers to persons suffering from a workplace injury or a particular type of work-related illness) (see Source 7). High levels of disengagement can relate to misconduct, which could result in negligence (intentional or otherwise). 21 CD24949 section1.indd 21 A sample from Employee Engagement by Rita McGee and Ann Rennie. Published by the CIPD. Copyright CIPD © 2010. All rights reserved. No part of this excerpt may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise. www.cipd.co.uk/Bookstore 02/11/2010 13:46 Building Block 1 – exploring The Business case for engagemenT Metrics A standard (with some examples) Human capital Human capital return on investment (ROI) Inventory and delivery ratios Why use this? Your current measures Target for this year with the cost benefit of achieving it Revenue 5 (operating expense – [compensation cost 1 benefit costs 1 other related employee costs) / (compensation cost 1 benefit cost) Lead time Engagement is about commitment and Lead time is the amount of time from when the product is energy. Higher levels ordered to when it is delivered of commitment should result in better to the customer. Shortening inventory and delivery lead times can improve sales ratios, which in turn by increasing the number will result in higher of total available selling days customer loyalty. within the product’s selling season. Variability (customer order fill rate & cycle times) Cost of goods sold (COGS) / average Inventory during the period The optimal inventory turnover is a fine balance between fulfilling customer service commitments and minimising inventory carrying costs. Sales / average inventory during the period The inventory turnover ratio is often calculated by dividing sales (rather than cost of goods sold) by the average inventory for the period (see Source 5). 22 CD24949 section1.indd 22 A sample from Employee Engagement by Rita McGee and Ann Rennie. Published by the CIPD. Copyright CIPD © 2010. All rights reserved. No part of this excerpt may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise. www.cipd.co.uk/Bookstore 02/11/2010 13:46 A standard (with some examples) Labour costs to net income Labour cost to net income 5 (salaries, wages and benefits) / net income Why use this? Your current measures This can be used as a starting point for you. What are the levels This ratio measures the extent you currently achieve to which labour costs (number and what is the impact of employees 3 average wage over time? The intention is to and benefit per employee) increase net income to affect net income. labour costs. This ratio indicates the Target for this year with the cost benefit of achieving it The meTrics Metrics extent to which a reduction in unproductive labour (as a percentage of total labour costs) may increase net income. Labour turnover How many people leave your organisation in the: • first six months • first year • first two years • or, after three years? Market segmentation Output rates Participation (See Source 3.) rates See Bank of England report. Pay Average weekly rate £431 (excl. bonus) 1.8% increase (2009–10) How does your weekly or hourly rate compare with the average? Is there a difference between the rates Women’s hourly rate is £11.39 of men and women? and men’s is £12.97 (2009) What action are you (See Source 2.) taking to close the gap? (See Source 1.) A perception of unfairness in pay rates is a major source of disengagement. Profit Quality rates 23 CD24949 section1.indd 23 A sample from Employee Engagement by Rita McGee and Ann Rennie. Published by the CIPD. Copyright CIPD © 2010. All rights reserved. No part of this excerpt may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise. www.cipd.co.uk/Bookstore 02/11/2010 13:46 Building Block 1 – exploring The Business case for engagemenT Metrics A standard (with some examples) Response rates This can include both response rates to surveys, marketing campaigns and viewer ‘hits’ on an organisation’s website; also, in a different sense, response rates in answering customer queries or responding to complaints or problems. Redundancy intentions are highest in local government (63%) and education (45%). Manufacturing and production employers are least likely to make redundancies (23%), in line with the spring survey findings and well below the trends reported during the recession. Redundancy intentions are highest in the north of England (35%), London (28%), the south-east of England (42%) and Scotland (38%). Redundancy Why use this? Your current measures Target for this year with the cost benefit of achieving it Redundancy has a negative impact on employee engagement. If you are planning to make redundancies at the same time as working on engagement, you must ensure you initiate survivor workshops and engage as many employees as possible in the consultation about the future state. One deep cut is better than many small Those organisations that are planning to make redundancies (salami-type) slices. expect to make 5.5% of their workforce redundant on average, up from 3.6% in the spring report. This is, however, still lower than the 6.2% average recorded in the winter report (see Source 6). 24 CD24949 section1.indd 24 A sample from Employee Engagement by Rita McGee and Ann Rennie. Published by the CIPD. Copyright CIPD © 2010. All rights reserved. No part of this excerpt may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise. www.cipd.co.uk/Bookstore 02/11/2010 13:46 A standard (with some examples) Return on investment (ROI) ROI is a performance measure used to evaluate the efficiency of any investment or to compare investments. To calculate ROI, the benefit (return) of an investment is divided by the cost of the investment; the result is expressed as a percentage or a ratio. Why use this? Your current measures Target for this year with the cost benefit of achieving it The meTrics Metrics The return on investment formula: ROI 5 gain from investment – cost of the investment / cost of the investment Return on investment is a very popular metric because of its versatility and simplicity (see Source 8). Sales/revenue If you measure this over time, The reason you are per employee you would hope to see an embarking on work ratio increase in sales per employee. on engagement is to improve revenue (if The formula is: in the private sector Revenue ratio 5 sales / and some parts of the number of people employed public sector). Use this In organisations that are ratio to ensure you are labour-intensive, the ratio will making a difference. be smaller than in less labour- You should use this as intensive organisations. a long-term metric – things may get worse before they get better – it’s called the lag effect and is very real. So longer-term studies will help you to make the case. 25 CD24949 section1.indd 25 A sample from Employee Engagement by Rita McGee and Ann Rennie. Published by the CIPD. Copyright CIPD © 2010. All rights reserved. No part of this excerpt may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise. www.cipd.co.uk/Bookstore 02/11/2010 13:46 Building Block 1 – exploring The Business case for engagemenT Metrics A standard (with some examples) Span of control Average span of control within When a span of the organisation/department. control becomes Span of control is the number too large, it can limit of people directly reporting to the growth of an organisation. Even the one manager. best managers tend to lose their effectiveness when they spend all of their time managing people and their issues and will be unable to focus on long-term plans and competitive positioning for the business as a whole. Employee engagement can suffer if employees do not have regular access to managers who don’t have time for them because of the wide spans of control. In the UK in 2009, 435,000 days were lost to industrial action, which equates to 19 days per 1,000 employees. Strikes or other industrial action Why use this? Your current measures Target for this year with the cost benefit of achieving it Average cost per day of a strike varies by sector: British Airways estimate the cost to be £7 million per day. Rail strikes cost the economy of the UK an estimated £600 million per day. 26 CD24949 section1.indd 26 A sample from Employee Engagement by Rita McGee and Ann Rennie. Published by the CIPD. Copyright CIPD © 2010. All rights reserved. No part of this excerpt may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise. www.cipd.co.uk/Bookstore 02/11/2010 13:46 A standard (with some examples) Why use this? Social responsibility This is increasingly important. What percentage of your income is spent in the community? How much time do you allow for staff to pursue their interests in this field? The latest generation to join the workforce are increasingly interested in defining how their work serves a greater purpose. Tenure Turnover Your current measures Target for this year with the cost benefit of achieving it The meTrics Metrics If you wish to increase engagement rates, you may need to take action to ensure you are at the leading edge on this metric. Review the work undertaken by some of the best companies or employer of choice organisations. Total tenure of employees (for example, in years) divided by the number of employees Employee turnover Note that direct costs might include the costs Example: of recruitment, training, • Number of employees: cost of supervision and 1,000 administration, salary • Annual turnover: 30% and benefits, plus • Number of employees the costs of any exit turning over: 300 package. • Average turnover cost per employee: £2,000 • Total annual cost: £600,000 • Savings from reducing turnover by 10% to 20% is: £100,000 27 CD24949 section1.indd 27 A sample from Employee Engagement by Rita McGee and Ann Rennie. Published by the CIPD. Copyright CIPD © 2010. All rights reserved. No part of this excerpt may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise. www.cipd.co.uk/Bookstore 02/11/2010 13:46 Building Block 1 – exploring The Business case for engagemenT Metrics A standard (with some examples) Why use this? Labour turnover For a more sophisticated calculation, and one that links more closely to employee engagement, you can also add in ‘indirect’ costs – more difficult to calculate, but these can add up to as much as two to six times the cost of direct costs, and could include the additional costs of disruption, cost of reduced morale and productivity, and the administration involved in managing a non-performing employee out of the organisation. How many people leave your organisation in the: • first six months • first year • first two years • or, after three years? Your current measures Target for this year with the cost benefit of achieving it Source notes 1 http://www.statistics.gov.uk/StatBase/Product.asp?vlnk51944 2 http://www.statistics.gov.uk/cci/article.asp?ID52370 3 http://www.bankofengland.co.uk/publications/inflationreport/irlatest.htm 4 http://www.cbi.org.uk/searchresults.shtml?cx5007280629144655152682%3A32gtai0mswu&cof5F ORID%3A11&q5absence1survey#1040 5 Microsoft business solutions 6 CIPD survey reports Labour Market Outlook http://www.cipd.co.uk/subjects/hrpract/hrtrends/_ qtrends.htm?vanity5/labourmarketoutlook 7 http://www.hse.gov.uk/statistics/lfs/0809/swit1.htm 8 http://www.investopedia.com/terms/r/returnoninvestment.asp 28 CD24949 section1.indd 28 A sample from Employee Engagement by Rita McGee and Ann Rennie. Published by the CIPD. Copyright CIPD © 2010. All rights reserved. No part of this excerpt may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise. www.cipd.co.uk/Bookstore 02/11/2010 13:46 The impact of HR tasks and their financial value to the organisation Key tasks/ activities Impact if taken away/put on hold Estimated financial value to the organisation (an example) HR strategic input • lack of strategic alignment between the organisation’s people management practices and investment in L&D with achievement of organisational goals and ambitions; relegation of HR to a primarily transactional and reactive function Savings on external consultancy projects and legal fees per year estimated at £15,000 • inability to read, network, benchmark to assess current performance against future potential • loss of the strategic direction and co-ordination of all aspects of HR and staff development to facilitate effective talent management • impaired ability to measure the organisation’s performance in people management terms and relate all measures of performance to improved practice • loss of one of organisation’s major unique selling points and sources of positive profile and reputation • inability to deliver against key contracts as these depend on flexibility of HR director and deputy director interchanging roles internally where necessary to backfill for high peak demands of these contracts • dependence on consultants to design, implement and review key processes, for example job evaluation scheme, competency frameworks and 360-degree feedback systems an example of using meTrics in your hr communicaTions The Tool An example of using metrics in your HR communications 29 This document can be downloaded as a Word document from http://www.cipd.co.uk/tsm, copyright © CIPD. Please use or adapt this document in line with our terms of use: http://www.cipd.co.uk/Bookstore/onlineresources/termsofuse. CD24949 section1.indd 29 A sample from Employee Engagement by Rita McGee and Ann Rennie. Published by the CIPD. Copyright CIPD © 2010. All rights reserved. No part of this excerpt may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise. www.cipd.co.uk/Bookstore 02/11/2010 13:46 Building Block 1 – exploring The Business case for engagemenT Key tasks/ activities Impact if taken away/put on hold Estimated financial value to the organisation (an example) • dependence on costly solicitor or external expert advice for changes or transactions with complex legal ramifications, for example TUPE, negotiations to changes in terms Management of in-house recruitment service • increase in recruitment costs because nobody to co-ordinate most cost-effective, just-in-time solutions to all recruitment needs • increase in agency costs if nobody keeps relationships with agencies and costs under ongoing review Estimated saving in direct recruitment costs 5 £80,000 per annum • bungling of internal secondments and internal transfers • insufficient in-house capacity and expertise to interpret psychometric test centre results Business partnering role with all managers: • management induction of all new managers • joint problemsolving to solve business-critical issues, for example staffing models • lack of timely and thorough induction of all line managers in practice and expectations • greater decentralisation of HR responsibilities so managers dragged into this and away from service development work • less consistency of management practice across the organisation with corresponding dips in staff satisfaction with line management and greater risks of employee relations issues being protracted and ultimately going to employment tribunal OPP/CIPD statistics (2008) suggest that workplace conflict is costing an average of 12 days per employee per year in lost time. An example of the average wage per employee with on-costs for an organisation 5 £130. £130 3 160 staff 5 £20,800 per day • high-level employee relations advice If 12 days lost overall, cost 5 £249,600 per annum • quarterly HR surgeries with all managers to assess needs and progress in people management practices Assuming organisation loses no more than 3 days per person, cost 5 £62,400 Difference (saving) 5 £187,200 30 This document can be downloaded as a Word document from http://www.cipd.co.uk/tsm, copyright © CIPD. Please use or adapt this document in line with our terms of use: http://www.cipd.co.uk/Bookstore/onlineresources/termsofuse. CD24949 section1.indd 30 A sample from Employee Engagement by Rita McGee and Ann Rennie. Published by the CIPD. Copyright CIPD © 2010. All rights reserved. No part of this excerpt may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise. www.cipd.co.uk/Bookstore 02/11/2010 13:46 Impact if taken away/put on hold Estimated financial value to the organisation (an example) Management of attendance • loss of money through failure to pick up level of mis-recording currently picked up (estimated at 2 days per employee per year) • For timesheet reconciliations: our figures show an average potential loss to the organisation of 320 3 £130 Total saving 5 £41,600 • reconciliation of timesheets (shared with HR & recruitment assistant) • increase in sickness absence • prompting and monitoring of formal sickness meetings • Our sickness absence is 3% below sector average. 3% of payroll gives: Total saving 5 £195,000 • co-ordination of occupational health referrals Regulation and monitoring of employee relations issues, including: • induction of all staff into contracts, code of conduct and key expectations • failure to maintain the high levels of accuracy in regulation and recording of all aspects of the employment relationship • breakdown of consistency of early intervention in any problem areas • lack of clear records and audit trails in the event of disputes • estimated increase in employment tribunal claims to 3 per year • maintenance and updating of computerised records on all staff • helpline response to day-to-day employee queries on all employmentrelated issues • Estimated saving on ET insurance premium through low rate 5 £5,000 per annum • Estimated savings on management time in dealing with 3 ETs per year 5 4 managers per case @ 10 days each at £130 per day. Total saving 5 £15,600 an example of using meTrics in your hr communicaTions Key tasks/ activities 31 This document can be downloaded as a Word document from http://www.cipd.co.uk/tsm, copyright © CIPD. Please use or adapt this document in line with our terms of use: http://www.cipd.co.uk/Bookstore/onlineresources/termsofuse. CD24949 section1.indd 31 A sample from Employee Engagement by Rita McGee and Ann Rennie. Published by the CIPD. Copyright CIPD © 2010. All rights reserved. No part of this excerpt may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise. www.cipd.co.uk/Bookstore 02/11/2010 13:46 Building Block 1 – exploring The Business case for engagemenT Key tasks/ activities Impact if taken away/put on hold Estimated financial value to the organisation (an example) • inability to administer the recruitment process after the point of response-handling – that is, distribution of packs, co-ordination of test and interview schedules, pre- and post-recruitment correspondence and telephone query-handling with candidates, referencing • Total savings 5 80 for in-house test centres per year at £600 per centre 5 £48,000 • employee relations advice and guidance to managers • attending and minuting formal investigations and hearings Administration of the recruitment process, test centres and pre-employment screening • either inability to carry out test centres, with huge increase in wrong appointments (up to 30%, or 14 wrong appointments each year) or need to contract out test centres • inability to meet legal and best practice requirements in relation to criminal record checking and confirmation of right to work in UK (with £5,000 fine for each failure against the latter) • failure to pick up current 10% of applicants currently turned down on references per year • Savings on wrong appointments: costs of conflict already accounted for above, but add to this the costs of training and under-productivity of 14 wrong appointments per year. Estimated saving 5 £6,000 3 14 employees Total saving 5 £84,000 32 This document can be downloaded as a Word document from http://www.cipd.co.uk/tsm, copyright © CIPD. Please use or adapt this document in line with our terms of use: http://www.cipd.co.uk/Bookstore/onlineresources/termsofuse. CD24949 section1.indd 32 A sample from Employee Engagement by Rita McGee and Ann Rennie. Published by the CIPD. Copyright CIPD © 2010. All rights reserved. No part of this excerpt may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise. www.cipd.co.uk/Bookstore 02/11/2010 13:46 Impact if taken away/put on hold Estimated financial value to the organisation (an example) Design and delivery of the organisation’s management development training 100% of our people management training is delivered internally and 75% of our strategiclevel management training is delivered internally. Savings on delivering management training internally 5 £9,775 Postponing the delivery of the programme or running on a less regular basis would result in: • lack of skilled managers and reduction in leadership capability • more reliance from managers on HR support as they will not be trained to effectively operate • potential increase in staff absence • inability to deal with performance issues – lack of morale within staff teams • decline in staff satisfaction and impact on future syndicate surveys and Sunday Times Top 100 survey, and so on • decline in the organisation’s reputation within the sector as an ‘employer of choice’ Co-ordination and management of service delivery trainee scheme • lack of succession planning, inability to ‘grow our own’, decline in our internal talent pool • increase in staff costs – external recruitment costs – filling project worker posts by going into the external market or by using more agency staff Re-recruitment costs at £2,000 per post for 5 unfilled service delivery posts per year 5 £10,000 • potential lack of quality staff – potential applicants may go to work for our competitors who do run trainee schemes; use of more agency staff/locums may also result in less quality and a poor service for our clients • increased knowledge gap in new starters (through external recruitment) and greater need for training and development/support from managers and colleagues • unable to continue to run the mentoring scheme for trainee mentors – this would be one less route for aspiring managers to gain skills and knowledge to be able to apply for management roles in the future an example of using meTrics in your hr communicaTions Key tasks/ activities 33 This document can be downloaded as a Word document from http://www.cipd.co.uk/tsm, copyright © CIPD. Please use or adapt this document in line with our terms of use: http://www.cipd.co.uk/Bookstore/onlineresources/termsofuse. CD24949 section1.indd 33 A sample from Employee Engagement by Rita McGee and Ann Rennie. Published by the CIPD. Copyright CIPD © 2010. All rights reserved. No part of this excerpt may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise. www.cipd.co.uk/Bookstore 02/11/2010 13:46 Building Block 1 – exploring The Business case for engagemenT Key tasks/ activities Impact if taken away/put on hold Estimated financial value to the organisation (an example) • potentially unable to move forward with the development of our client employment options programme • dip in the organisation’s profile within the sector and the external labour market • co-ordination of the scheme passes to area managers (AMs): breakdown of consistency and continuous improvement in running of the scheme; AMs distracted from main duties and new bids Co-ordination of the organisation’s training programme for service delivery staff • learning and development considered to be part of an employee’s total reward package and in this organisation L&D forms a very large part of this package; lack of opportunity for training will inhibit us from recruiting and retaining good staff, particularly when reducing other terms; failure to be able to deliver on our revised employee proposition when market is dictating that, superior development opportunities will be our main source of competitive advantage in still being able to recruit and retain good people Saving on co-ordination of delivery of training by front-line staff 5 £3,000 • staff unable to reach their potential and fulfil the duties of their role – consequent costs of underperformance against potential • dip in employee morale and engagement • increased turnover – staff leaving within 12 months • unable to provide a good-quality service – audits, unable to remain competitive with bids/tenders • one-third of our core service delivery training currently delivered internally by front-line staff; this saves approximately £3,000 per year 34 This document can be downloaded as a Word document from http://www.cipd.co.uk/tsm, copyright © CIPD. Please use or adapt this document in line with our terms of use: http://www.cipd.co.uk/Bookstore/onlineresources/termsofuse. CD24949 section1.indd 34 A sample from Employee Engagement by Rita McGee and Ann Rennie. Published by the CIPD. Copyright CIPD © 2010. All rights reserved. No part of this excerpt may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise. www.cipd.co.uk/Bookstore 02/11/2010 13:46