BIOSC140
ANATOMY REVIEW
Due Tuesday February 1
Name: ______________________________________
INSTRUCTIONS: Please use a Scantron form 882-E or form 882-E-LOVAS to record your answers. This is a 100question GREEN Scantron – the brown ones won't work. You do not need to turn in this question packet, just turn in the
Scantron. This counts as a homework assignment and is an open-book review of anatomy. I expect the class average to
be 54 to 60 questions answered correctly, as you have plenty of time and can use your books and notes. You may work in
groups but be sure you understand the questions and answers. Feel free to send me WebCT mail if you have questions.
Choose the one best answer for each question.
1. The basic structural and functional units of an organism are:
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
cells
chemicals
organs
organ systems
tissues
2. The two organ systems most responsible for control and coordination of the body's functions are:
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
cardiovascular and lymphatic
endocrine and digestive
nervous and endocrine
respiratory and cardiovascular
urinary and digestive
3. The term "renal" refers to structures of which organ system?
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
cardiovascular
digestive
endocrine
lymphatic
urinary
4. The functional cells of the lymphatic system are:
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
epithelial cells
red blood cells
smooth muscle cells
white blood cells
yellow bone marrow cells
5. Molecules which have both water-soluble (hydrophilic) and water-insoluble (hydrophobic) regions are called
"amphipathic" molecules. Which of the following is an example of an amphipathic molecule?
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
actin
cholesterol
glucose
phospholipid
sodium chloride (NaCl)
6. The plasma membrane or cell membrane is composed of an approximately equal (by weight) amounts of:
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
carbohydrates and lipids
carbohydrates and proteins
nucleic acids and proteins
nucleic acids and lipids
proteins and lipids
page 1
BIOSC140
ANATOMY REVIEW
Due Tuesday February 1
7. The glycocalyx consists of the carbohydrate groups of both glycoproteins and glycolipids, and is located:
a) on the inside of the plasma membrane only
b) on the outside of the plasma membrane only
c) on both sides of the plasma membrane
8. Which of the following is NOT one of the functions of proteins in the plasma membrane?
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
Some membrane proteins act as binding sites (receptors) and signal transducers.
Some membrane proteins act as channels for ions and fluid to pass through the membrane.
Some membrane proteins act as enzymes, or biological catalysts.
Some membrane proteins act as markers that identify the cell.
All of the above are functions of proteins in the plasma membrane.
9. The hallmark of active transport, as compared to passive transport, is:
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
active transport involves the use of membrane proteins while passive transport never does
active transport moves substances against their concentration gradient
active transport uses ATP energy either directly or indirectly
both (b) and (c) are correct
all of the above are correct
10. The net movement of water across a semipermeable membrane from a region of high water concentration to a region
of lower water concentration is called:
a)
b)
c)
d)
bulk filtration
facilitated diffusion
osmosis
pinocytosis
11. These organelles synthesize most of the ATP used in the body and are called the "powerhouse of the cell":
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
centrioles
Golgi bodies
mitochondria
nucleoli
ribosomes
12. Where is DNA located in the cell?
a) in the cytoplasm only
b) in the nucleus only
c) in both the cytoplasm and nucleus
13. Which of the following organelles consists of RNA and proteins and translates the instructions in a strand of mRNA
into a chain of amino acids, the primary structure of a protein?
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
centrosomes
Golgi bodies
nucleoli
nucleosomes
ribosomes
14. Which of the following cytoskeletal elements are the largest in diameter?
a)
b)
c)
d)
intermediate filaments
microfilaments
microtubules
all of the cytoskeletal elements have roughly the same diameter
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BIOSC140
ANATOMY REVIEW
Due Tuesday February 1
15. Which of the following cytoskeletal elements are the strongest and most stable?
a)
b)
c)
d)
intermediate filaments
microfilaments
microtubules
all of the cytoskeletal elements are equally strong and stable
16. In what portion of the cell cycle does a cell spend the majority of its lifetime?
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
anaphase
interphase
metaphase
prophase
telophase
17. In which phase of mitosis are the sister chromatids separated and pulled to opposite sides of the cell?
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
anaphase
interphase
metaphase
prophase
telophase
18. What type of cell-to-cell junction acts as a "snap" that holds cells to its neighbors at potential stress points? It is also
called a macula adherens.
a)
b)
c)
d)
adhering junction
desmosome
gap junction
tight junction
19. This type of cell-to-cell junction goes completely around the lateral sides of an epithelial cell, securing it to its
neighbors by fusing their plasma membranes together. This forces materials passing through the epithelial layer to go
through the cells rather than between them.
a)
b)
c)
d)
adhering junction
desmosome
gap junction
tight junction
20. Which of the following is responsible for resorption of bone?
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
osteoblasts
osteoclasts
osteocytes
osteons
osteoprogenitor cells
21. This is the functional contractile unit of a skeletal muscle cell:
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
muscle fiber
myofibril
myofilament
sarcolemma
sarcomere
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BIOSC140
ANATOMY REVIEW
Due Tuesday February 1
22. Which of the following properties of muscle cells means "the ability to stretch from a resting length"? Look the words
up if you aren't sure!
a)
b)
c)
d)
contractility
elasticity
excitability
extensibility
23. Which of the following properties of muscle cells is also seen in nerve cells?
a)
b)
c)
d)
contractility
elasticity
excitability
extensibility
24. The length of the A band in a sarcomere is equal to the length of the:
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
actin filament
distance between the Z discs
thick filament
thin filament
none of the above, the length of the A band is variable depending upon contraction state
25. What changes length when a muscle cell contracts?
a)
b)
c)
d)
the thick filament
the thin filament
both the thick and the thin filaments
neither the thick nor the thin filament
26. What neurotransmitter is active at the neuromuscular junction of skeletal muscles?
a)
b)
c)
d)
acetylcholine
dopamine
norepinephrine
serotonin
27. What ion attaches to troponin, initiating muscle fiber contraction?
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
calcium
chloride
magnesium
sodium
potassium
28. In skeletal muscle, where is the ion identified in Q.27 stored when the muscle is relaxed?
a)
b)
c)
d)
nucleus
sarcoplasm
terminal cisternae (lateral sacs)
T-tubules
29. Which of the following has the smallest diameter?
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
skeletal muscle fiber
skeletal muscle myofibril
whole skeletal muscle
skeletal muscle myofilament
skeletal muscle fascicle
page 4
BIOSC140
ANATOMY REVIEW
Due Tuesday February 1
30. Another name for the autonomic nervous system is the:
a)
b)
c)
d)
somatic motor system
somatic sensory system
visceral motor system
visceral sensory system
31. (True/False) Neurons have a high metabolic rate and the nervous system contributes significantly to the basal
metabolic rate (BMR).
a) true
b) false
32. (True/False) Bundles of intermediate filaments, called neurofibrils, extend into the axons of neurons.
a) true
b) false
33. Some axons appear white due to a covering consisting of tightly wound layers of the plasma membrane of neuroglial
cells. This covering is called:
a)
b)
c)
d)
endoneurium
epineurium
myelin
perineurium
34. The cells responsible for myelination in the central nervous system (CNS) are:
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
astrocytes
ependymal cells
microglial cells
oligodendrocytes
satellite cells
35. (True/False) Axons can sometimes regenerate.
a) true
b) false
36. An electrical synapse is a location where the cell membranes of adjacent cells are bound tightly together so that
electrical signals and cytoplasmic ions can travel directly from one cell to the other. The cell-to-cell junctions involved
in electrical synapses are:
a)
b)
c)
d)
adhering junctions
desmosomes
gap junctions
tight junctions
37. Which part of the autonomic nervous system is concerned with everyday activities such as salivation, lacrimation,
urination, defecation and digestion (i.e. SLUDD)?
a) the parasympathetic division
b) the sympathetic division
38. Where would you find the cell body of a somatic sensory neuron?
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
anterior horn of the gray matter of the spinal cord
collateral ganglion (prevertebral ganglion)
dorsal root ganglion (posterior root ganglion)
lateral horn of the gray matter of the spinal cord
sympathetic chain ganglion
page 5
BIOSC140
ANATOMY REVIEW
Due Tuesday February 1
39. Where would you find the cell body of a somatic motor neuron?
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
anterior horn of the gray matter of the spinal cord
collateral ganglion (prevertebral ganglion)
dorsal root ganglion (posterior root ganglion)
lateral horn of the gray matter of the spinal cord
sympathetic chain ganglion
40. Where would you find the cell body of a preganglionic sympathetic motor neuron?
a)
b)
c)
d)
brainstem
collateral ganglion (prevertebral ganglion)
lateral horn of the gray matter of the thoracic spinal cord
sympathetic chain ganglion
The next two questions are about peripheral motor neurons. Although these questions deal with both the somatic and
autonomic nervous systems, if you cannot remember the answer it's usually in the chapter of your anatomy book that
covers the autonomic nervous system.
41. How many motor neurons extend from the spinal cord to a skeletal muscle effector?
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
1
2
3
4
the number varies
42. How many motor neurons extend from the spinal cord to a smooth muscle effector?
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
1
2
3
4
the number varies
43. Which of the following neurons usually secretes norepinephrine as its neurotransmitter chemical?
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
parasympathetic preganglionic fibers
parasympathetic ganglionic (postganglionic) fibers
somatic motor fibers
sympathetic preganglionic fibers
sympathetic ganglionic (postganglionic) fibers
44. What endocrine organ is controlled directly by the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system?
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
adrenal cortex
adrenal medulla
pancreas
parathyroid gland
thyroid gland
45. What endocrine gland produces tropic hormones that directly control the adrenal cortex, thyroid, and gonads?
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
anterior pituitary (adenohypophysis)
hypothalamus
pancreas
parathyroid gland
posterior pituitary (neurohypophysis)
page 6
BIOSC140
ANATOMY REVIEW
Due Tuesday February 1
46. Where are oxytocin and vasopressin (ADH) produced?
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
adrenal cortex
anterior pituitary
hypothalamus
kidney
posterior pituitary
47. The most common white blood cells in the circulating blood are:
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
basophils
eosinophils
lymphocytes
monocytes
neutrophils
48. Where is erythropoietin, the hormone that controls red blood cell production, produced?
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
bone marrow
heart
hypothalamus
kidney
liver
49. When the blood leaves the right ventricle, which of the following structures does it pass by or through first? Only
consider the structures listed.
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
left atrium
mitral valve
pulmonary capillaries
aortic semilunar valve
tricuspid valve
50. Which chamber of the heart normally has the thickest myocardial wall?
a)
b)
c)
d)
left atrium
left ventricle
right atrium
right ventricle
51. Which of the following contain cardiac muscle as part of their structure?
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
the heart and major arteries
the heart and major veins
the heart and both major arteries and major veins
only the heart
only major arteries and major veins
52. Which of the following is TRUE when comparing skeletal muscle and cardiac muscle?
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
they have about equal amounts of sarcoplasmic reticulum
both have extensive gap junctions
both have sarcomeres
both (a) and (c) are true
all of the above are true
page 7
BIOSC140
ANATOMY REVIEW
Due Tuesday February 1
53. Most of the muscle in an artery is found in the:
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
tunica adventitia
tunica externa
tunica intima (tunica interna)
tunica media
the muscle is distributed evenly throughout the artery wall
54. The smallest arteries lead to the capillary beds and are the most important vascular location for the control of blood
pressure. They are called:
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
arterioles
conducting arteries
elastic arteries
muscular arteries
distributing arteries
55. Which part of the cardiovascular system is has the greatest total volume?
a)
b)
c)
d)
arteries (consider all together)
capillaries (consider all together)
heart (all chambers)
veins (consider all together)
56. (True/False) It's just as healthy to breathe through your mouth as it is to breathe through your nose.
a) true
b) false
57. Which type of alveolar cells produces surfactant?
a)
b)
c)
d)
alveolar type I cells
alveolar type II cells
alveolar macrophages (dust cells)
all of these cells produce surfactant
58. The outer surface of the lungs is covered by:
a)
b)
c)
d)
areolar tissue only
parietal pleura
simple cuboidal epithelium
visceral pleura
59. The functional filtration unit of the kidney is called a:
a)
b)
c)
d)
nephron
renal corpuscle
renal pyramid
vasa recta
60. Which of the following is the correct order of the tubule system from renal corpuscle to the renal pelvis?
(PCT = proximal convoluted tubule and DCT = distal convoluted tubule)
a)
b)
c)
d)
collecting duct – glomerular capsule – DCT – nephron loop (loop of Henle) – PCT – papillary duct
glomerular capsule – PCT – nephron loop (loop of Henle) – DCT – collecting duct – papillary duct
nephron loop (loop of Henle) – PCT – DCT – glomerular capsule – papillary duct – collecting duct
papillary duct – glomerular capsule – PCT – nephron loop (loop of Henle) – DCT – collecting duct
– – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – That's all for now! – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – –
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