FUNDAMENTALS
TEST DATE: ___________________
Name: __________________________
Period: ________
UNIT 7: Gas Laws Review Sheet
1. Equations to Know:
a. Dalton’s Law: ______________________________
Total Pressure = Sum of the partial pressures and each pressure exerts a separate pressure independent of
the other gases
b. Boyle’s Law: _______________________________
Volume and pressure of a gas are ___________________proportional
c. Charles’ Law: ______________________________
Volume and temperature of a gas are ____________________proportional
d. Gay-Lussac’s Law: _______________________________
Temperature and pressure of a gas are __________________proportional
e. Ideal Gas Law: _______________________
P = Pressure, V = volume, n = number of moles, R = Universal Gas Constant, T= Temp in Kelvin
2. Definitions to Know
a. Three Common States of Matter in Terms of Particle Arrangement, Motion, Energy and Forces
b. Phase Changes (i.e., melting, freezing, etc.)
c. Pressure (also know the different units for pressure)
d. Heat
e. Temperature (also know the two units discussed in class)
f. Absolute Zero
3.
4.
5.
6.
What does STP stand for and what are its numerical values?
What are the three assumptions of the Kinetic Theory?
What are the assumptions of Ideal Gases?
Be able to label the phases/phase changes on a diagram similar to the one below:
7. Know the boiling point and freezing point of water.
8. If given a phase diagram like the one below, be able to identify when melting and freezing occur and answer the
following the questions.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
What is the melting temperature of the substance?
What is the boiling temperature of the substance?
What is happening to the temperature at a, c and e?
What is happening at points b and d?
Label solid, liquid and gas on the curve.
On which point of the curve are the particles moving
the least?
g. Where on the curve is ONLY a liquid present?
GAS LAW PROBLEMS
1. Convert the following temperatures from Celsius to Kelvin and Kelvin to Celsius:
a. 22°C
d. 220 K
b. 444°C
e. 390 K
c. -60°C
f. 20 K
DALTON’S LAW
2. There is a mixture of three gases in a closed container. Gas A exerts a pressure of 15 psi, Gas B a pressure of 6.5
psi, and the total pressure is 25.7 psi. What is the partial pressure of Gas C?
BOYLE’S LAW
3. A gas occupies a volume of 100 cubic meters at 2.5 atm. What volume will it occupy at a pressure of 1.25 atm if
the temperature remains constant?
4. A gas occupies a volume of 500 cm3 at 150 kPa. What volume will it occupy at 101.3 kPa if the temperature
remains constant?
5. The pressure of a sample of helium in a 2.00L container is 2.5 atm. What is the new pressure if the sample is
placed in a 6.00L container?
CHARLES’ LAW
6. A gas occupies a volume of 5340 cm3 at a temperature of 20°C. Calculate the volume that this gas will occupy at
60°C if the pressure is held constant (must convert to Kelvin first).
7. A balloon full of air has a volume of 2.75 L at a temperature of 18°C. What is the balloon's volume at 45°C?
8. A gas is at 33°C and a volume of 120 mL. What is the temperature if the volume is changed to 150 mL?
GAY-LUSSACS’ LAW
9. A gas has a pressure of 3 atm and a temperature of 273 K. If the temperature increases to 546 K, what is the new
pressure if the volume remains constant?
10. At 315K a gas exerts a pressure on its container of 101.67 kPa. The temperature suddenly drops to 280K, what
pressure does the gas now exert?
11. At what temperature will chlorine, originally at a pressure of 0.018 atm at 169K, exert a pressure of 0.396 atm?
IDEAL GAS LAW
“R” Constants: 0.0821 L•atm/M•K (For atm)
8.315 L•KPa/M•K (For kPa)
62.4 L•mmHg/M•K (For mmHg)
12. Calculate the temperature of a gas if 4.5 moles of it occupies a volume of 1.85 L at 1.23 atm (HINT: use “R” for
atm)
13. Calculate the pressure in kPa exerted by a gas if .83 moles occupies 8.5 L at 150 K. (HINT: use “R” for kPaa)
14. If I have an unknown quantity of gas at a pressure of 1.2 atm, a volume of 31 liters, and a temperature of 87°C,
how many moles of gas do I have? (HINT: use “R” for atm)
ABSOLUTE ZERO VIDEO QUESTIONS
15. What modern conveniences exist today because of cold?
16. Why were oxygen, nitrogen and hydrogen called permanent gases?
17. Why did Dewar give up on trying to liquefy helium?
18. What new word was developed for the phenomenon when all resistance to the flow of electricity stops at very,
very cold temperatures?
19. What new state of matter was proposed by Einstein to explain the strange superfluid properties of helium at two
degrees above absolute zero?
20. Why does it seem unlikely that we’ll ever be able to reach absolute zero?