THEORIES OF PERSONALITY FREUD: What is Freud’s theory of personality? (Be sure to explain all three parts.) Each individual’s personality is made up of the ID, EGO, and SUPER EGO. ID – biological urges (hunger and thirst) EGO – thoughtful, decision making SUPEREGO – judges right and wrong, your conscience He believed that adult personalities are shaped mainly by childhood experiences. How did Freud explain a person’s mind? Explain each. He believed that people’s minds operate at two levels: CONSCIOUS – thoughts that you are aware of UNCONSCIOUS – thoughts that you are NOT aware of What is psychoanalysis? A treatment technique that brings memories into the conscious mind. ERIKSON: What is Erikson’s theory of personality? Erikson was a follower of Freud however, unlike Freud he thought that an individual’s personality continues to be influenced by experiences beyond childhood. According to Erikson, people continue to develop socially and psychologically up until their death. Erikson devised an EIGHT­STAGE THEORY OF PERSONALITY DEVELOPMENT. He believed that each stage of life has it’s own particular task to work on ­ if each task is accomplished in a satisfactory way, it has a positive effect on personality development – if each task is not worked out, it has a negative affect on personality development. What stage are you currently going through? Explain this stage. How do you know this? What characteristics do you see? IDENTITY VS. ROLE CONFUSION – Teen seeks sense of self – Raises questions about sex, religion, role – If not resolved, confusion results. The important task in this stage is ADOLESCENCE. What stage will you go through next? What conflict will you need to resolve? INTIMACY VS. ISOLATION – Young adult develops close bonds with others, shares self (otherwise suffers loneliness) CONFLICT ­ love relationships/loneliness
MASLOW: What is Maslow’s theory of personality? Maslow theorized that everyone has a basic drive to achieve his/her maximum potential. He used the term SELF­ACTUALIZATION to describe the process by which each person strives to be all that they can be. He suggested that before people could achieve self­actualization, their basic needs had to be met. He put these needs in an ascending order called the HIERARCHY OF NEEDS. Explain Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs At the base are the BASIC PHYSICAL NEEDS (sleep, exercise, satisfying hunger and thirst) Next, are the SAFETY NEEDS (adequate shelter, adequate income, protection from danger) Then there are the SOCIAL NEEDS (friends, love, and acceptance) ESTEEM NEEDS are next (achieving success, gaining self­respect and approval of others) SELF – ACTUALIZATION – can only come after all of the previous needs are met Draw Maslow’s Hierarchy of needs on your study guide. What does it mean to be self­actualized? Who did Maslow believe to be self­actualized? The process by which each person strives to be all that he/she can be. Maslow believed that Abraham Lincoln, Albert Einstein, and Eleanor Roosevelt achieved self­actualization. List the personality traits of self­actualized people from the box on page 31 in the text. Realistic, accepting, independent, self­sufficient, appreciative of life, concerned about humankind, capable of loving others, fair, unprejudiced, creative, hardworking, not afraid to be different Why do you think children/teenagers could not be self­actualized? Perhaps because they could not provide adequate shelter and income for themselves.