Energy, Photosynthesis & Cellular
Respiration
Name:______________________________________________Period:_____Date:___________
I. ATP: Energy In A Molecule
•
All __________________is broken down by the body into small molecules through digestion
o By the time food reaches your_____________________________, it has been broken
down into nutrient molecules that can enter your cells.
•
________________________then break down the food molecules, _______________energy for
the biological work your cells need to perform.
o ____________________= the ability to do work
•
_________________________________________________= energy storing molecule.
o Cells STORE energy by bonding a third _________________________________ to
__________(adenosine diphosphate) to form_________.
o Cells RELEASE energy when ATP breaks down into __________and ______________!
ATP
Energy from food
ENERGY released for cells
ADP + Phosphate
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o Within a cell, ________________________of ATP from ADP and phosphate occurs over
and over, ______________________________each time!
o Cells use energy for:
Maintaining _________________________________
Eliminating __________________________
Transmitting _____________________(nerve cells)
Cellular ______________________________(muscle cells)
o Without ATP a cell would ___________!
I. OVERVIEW: "THE BIG PICTURE"
•
________________________________= the process that provides energy for almost all life.
•
___________________= organisms that make their own food
o Ex: plants
•
Photosynthesis requires:
o
•
The________________________, ______________and ___________________ to
make ______________________________and _____________________as byproducts.
The process of PHOTOSYNTHESIS can be summarized by the following equation:
_____________________________________________________________________________
•
The energy stored in glucose and other carbohydrates can be used later to produce ________
during the process of_______________________________.
2
o We’ll discuss cellular respiration in more detail very soon!
•
The process of photosynthesis does ___________happen all at once; rather it occurs in 2 stages:
1. STAGE 1 – Called the______________________________.
_________________________is converted to ____________________
Takes place –_______________ is captured from __________________in the
_______________________of the chloroplasts of plant cells.
•
A photosynthetic cell contains one to thousands of chloroplasts!
________________is split into hydrogen ions, electrons, and oxygen (O2)
through the process called the electron transport chain.
The __________________________is now converted
to__________________________, which is temporarily stored in
__________________________________(energy molecules).
The _________diffuses out of the chloroplasts (byproduct).
2. STAGE 2 – Called the _______________________or____________________.
__________________________ (CO2) and the chemical energy stored in
_________ and _______________powers the formation of
_____________________________________(sugars, starch and cellulose).
Takes place – in the ____________________of a chloroplast
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PHOTOSYNTHESIS Flow Chart
Equation: __________ + _________+ __________
___________ + ________
I. OVERVIEW: "THE BIG PICTURE"
•
____________________________________= an energy (ATP) releasing process:
o PLANTS: sugars (C6H12O6 ) produced during ____________________________ are broken
down so energy is released
o ANIMALS: sugars (C6H12O6 ) produced during _______________________are broken
down so energy is released
•
Equation:
o ___________________________________________________________
The PRODUCTS of __________________________________ glucose (C6H12O6) and
O2, are the REACTANTS used in_________________________________.
The WASTE PRODUCTS of_____________________________, CO2 and water, are the
REACTANTS used in_____________________________________.
•
Processes:
1. _______________________________________
2. _______________________________________ (Citric Acid Cycle)
3. _______________________________________ (ETC)
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II. TWO TYPES OF CELLULAR RESPIRATION:
1. _______________________________= OXYGEN is present
If OXYGEN is PRESENT, the ______________________of glycolysis ENTER the
pathways of aerobic respiration.
•
2 major stages: ___________________& __________________________
Produces large amounts of ATP
2. ___________________________________= No
OXYGEN is present
aka…._______________________
_________additional ________is created
AFTER glycolysis produces 2 ATP
~ Note: Both types of respiration BEGIN
with_____________________.
III. AEROBIC RESPIRATION
PROCESSES:
1. GLYCOLYSIS:
•
Occurs in the ______________________of the cell
•
Starting molecule: ONE molecule of _________________ (__________________)
•
Produces: TWO ________________or__________________ (______________)
____________ molecules
Attaches H’s to NAD+ (electron carrier) and forms ____________
(_________________________)
2. KREB’S CYCLE (Citric Acid Cycle) – Aerobic respiration
•
_____________________ process (requires oxygen)
•
Occurs in the ________________________________
•
Starting molecules: __________________and ____________________
•
Produces: _____________________,
____________ and
__________ molecules
Attaches H’s to NAD+ and FAD to create NADH and FADH2 (these will be
used to make more _________in the________)
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3. ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN (ETC) – Aerobic respiration
•
______________ process (requires oxygen)
•
Occurs in the _____________________of the ____________________
•
Starting molecules: ___________________________and ________________
o Uses the NADH and FADH2 from the _____________________ and another
NADH from_____________________.
•
Produces: _________________and __________________
o FADH2 and NADH, release H’s so they can attach to ________________and
produce ________________
o Energy is released as a result of breaking down these molecules.
Importance of Aerobic Respiration:
• To transfer chemical energy (___________) to a form of energy that is
______________ by cells (__________)!!!
• Total net gain of ATP molecules per 1 glucose = _________________
Relationship of Photosynthesis & Cellular Respiration:
•
The ____________________of one reaction are the
__________________for the other reaction.
•
Sunlight
In an ________________________________, photosynthesis and
cellular respiration form a cycle.
Photosynthesis
(autotrophs)
CO2 + H2O
O2 + Glucose
Cellular
Respiration
(heterotrophs)
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IV. ANAEROBIC RESPIRATION PROCESSES:
•
Occurs ______________ glycolysis, only if _______ oxygen is present
•
______ additional __________ is created after the 2ATP’s from glycolysis!
•
2 Types:
1.
___________________________________:
Occurs in _______________
Starting molecules: __________________and ___________(from glycolysis)
Produces: _____________________and_______________________.
Bakers use alcoholic fermentation of ______________to make bread.
Used to make wine and beer
2.
____________________________________:
Occurs in _______________
Starting molecules: _____________________and ___________(from
glycolysis)
Produces: ______________________
Lactic acid fermentation by microorganisms plays an essential role in the
manufacturing of food products such as
________________and_____________.
DURING EXERCISE: breathing_________________provide your body with all the oxygen it
needs for aerobic respiration.
o When muscles run out of __________________, the cells switch
to____________________________________!
o
Provides your ________________with the energy then need during
exercise.
o Side effects of lactic acid fermentation are___________________,
___________, _______________, and____________________.
o Most lactic acid made in the muscles diffuses into the bloodstream,
then to the liver; where it is converted back to PYRUVIC ACID
when oxygen becomes available.
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CELLULAR RESPIRATION flow chart:
AEROBIC Respiration
(__________________________)
Equation: ______________ + ___________
ANAEROBIC Respiration
_____________ + ___________+ ___________
(______________________)
OR
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Photosynthesis: Compare & Contrast
Name:_______________________________________________Period:____Date:___________
Characteristics:
Types of Reactions:
Light Reaction
Dark Reaction
(Calvin Cycle)
Light
(Is it needed?)
Location
(Where does it take
place?)
Sources
(What is needed?)
Products
(What is made?)
Role of Energy
(What is energy used for?)
QUESTIONS:
1. Write the complete chemical equation of photosynthesis?
____________________________________________________________________________
2. How do these reactions depend on one another to carry out photosynthesis?
3. If the light reactions stopped, what would happen? How would this affect you?
4. If the dark reactions stopped, what would happen? How would this affect you?
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Energy:
ATP
ENERGY released for cells
Energy from food
ADP + Phosphate
1. What is energy?
2. What is one difference between ATP and ADP?
3. How do cells store energy?
4. How do cells release energy?
5. Provide several examples of how cells use energy?
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Cellular Respiration Worksheet
1) TRUE or FALSE: Cellular respiration helps us to breath.
2) What is the importance of cellular respiration?
3) What is the difference between aerobic respiration and anaerobic respiration? Be
specific.
4) Write the equation for aerobic cellular respiration below.
____________________________________________________________________________________
5) Describe the energy transformation that takes place during cellular respiration.
6) What are the 3 processes of aerobic cellular respiration?
a. _________________________________________
b. _________________________________________
c. _________________________________________
7) Where in the cell does glycolysis take place? _____________________________
8) Where in the cell does the Kreb’s Cycle take place? _________________________________
9) Where in the cell does the ETC take place?___________________________________________
10)What molecule starts glycolysis? _________________________
a. Where do plants get this molecule from? __________________________
b. Where do animals get this molecule from?_________________________
11)What are the products of glycolysis?
a. __________________________________
b. __________________________________
c. __________________________________
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12)What molecules are needed to start the Kreb’s Cycle?
a. ______________________________________
b. ______________________________________
13)What are the products of the Kreb’s Cycle?
a. _____________________________________
b. _____________________________________
c. _____________________________________
14)What molecules are needed to start the ETC?
a. _____________________________________
b. _____________________________________
c. _____________________________________
15)What are the products of the ETC?
a. _____________________________________
b. _____________________________________
16)At the end of aerobic cellular respiration, how many ATP’s were produced from one
glucose molecule? ______________
17)How are the chemical equations of photosynthesis and aerobic cellular respiration
related?
18)What type of organism(s) would be able to complete photosynthesis? __________________
19)What type of organism(s) would be able to complete aerobic respiration?
_________________________________________
20)What are the two types of anaerobic respiration (fermentation)? What type of organisms
can go through each type?
a. __________________________________________________________________________
b. __________________________________________________________________________
21)What are the starting molecules for EACH type of fermentation?
a. __________________________________
b. __________________________________
22)What is the product of lactic acid fermentation? ___________________________
23)What are the products of alcoholic fermentation? ____________________________ & _______
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Cellular
Respiration
Begins with
Produces a net gain
of
Which is broken
down during
Which occurs in
the
Will
be
used
in the
Which produces
Oxygen is present so it can
be used in
NO oxygen is present
Anaerobic
Process
Such as
Aerobic
Process
Such as
Which occurs only in
Which occurs only in
Animals
Which produces
Which produces
1
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Aerobic
Process
O2
Starting with the
Which occurs
in the
Which produces
NADH &
FADH2
Is used in the
Which occurs
in the
ETC
Which produces
AEROBIC RESPIRATION:
C6H12O6 + 6O2
6H2O + 6CO2 + 36ATP
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2
Photosynthesis & Cellular Respiration Review Worksheet
Name:__________________________________________Period:_______
Vocabulary: Match the phrases on the left with the term that best fits. Use answers only one time.
____1. Organisms that make their own food
A. Chloroplasts
____2. Site of photosynthesis
B. Anaerobic
____3. Process occurs in a mitochondrion
C. Aerobic
____4. C6H12O6
D. Glucose
____5. Process does not require oxygen
E. ATP
____6. Process requires oxygen
F. Kreb’s cycle
____7. Adenosine diphosphate
G. Glycolysis
____8. Energy storing molecule
H. Energy
____9. The anaerobic process of splitting glucose
and forming two molecules of pyruvic acid
I. ADP
J. Autotrophs
____10. The ability to do work
Directions: Answer each of the following questions in a clear and concise manner.
1. Compare and discuss how cells store energy and release energy using ATP. Be specific! You may draw the
cycle.
2. Compare lactic acid fermentation and alcoholic fermentation by describing what pyruvic acid is changed in
to. Be sure to include what type of organism each one takes place in.
What is pyruvic acid changed
into?
Organism:
Alcoholic Fermentation
Lactic Acid Fermentation
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3. Name the three processes of aerobic cellular respiration. How many ATP’s does each process produce, and
what is the total ATP produced from one glucose?
3 Processes of Cellular
Respiration:
# ATP produced:
Total ATP per 1 glucose =__________
4. Name the two stages of photosynthesis and list the starting molecule(s) and ending molecule(s) of each.
Stages
Starting Molecule(s)
Product(s)
5. What is the general chemical equation of photosynthesis?
6. When and why does our body use lactic acid fermentation?
7. Explain how the equations for photosynthesis and aerobic respiration compare.
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Unit Learning Map (8 days)
-Photosynthesis & Respiration
Mrs. Hostetter
Class: Biology B: PA standard: 3.3.10: Describe and explain the chemical and structural basis of living organism.
Explain cell functions and processes in terms of chemical reactions and energy changes.
Unit Essential Question(s):
Optional
Instructional Tools:
How is energy
transmitted through the
environment?
Concept
ATP
Concept
Photosynthesis
Lesson Essential Questions: Lesson Essential Questions:
How is energy
transferred on a
cellular level?
Vocabulary:
Energy
ATP
ADP
How do the light &
dark reactions
depend upon one
another?
Vocabulary:
Photosynthesis
Autotroph
Chlorophyll
Light Reactions
Dark Reactions
Stroma
•
•
•
•
Photosynthesis spinach
Lab
Respiration mapping
Exercise Lab
Pictorial activity
Concept
Concept
Respiration
Fermentation
Lesson Essential Questions:
Lesson Essential Questions:
How do organisms
generate energy?
How do organisms
generate energy
when oxygen is not
present?
Vocabulary:
Glycolysis
Aerobic
Pyruvic Acid
Kreb Cycle
Citric Acid
ETC
NADH
FADH
Vocabulary:
Anaerobic
Alcoholic Fermentation
Lactic Acid Fermentation
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Photosynthesis & Cellular Respiration Vocabulary:
1) Energy = the ability to do work
2) ATP = (adenosine triphosphate); energy storing molecule
3) ADP = adenosine diphosphate
4) Photosynthesis = the process that provides energy for almost all life
5) Autotroph = organisms that make their own food (plants)
6) Heterotroph = organisms that DO NO make their own food (animals)
7) Chlorophyll = green pigment in chloroplasts that traps sunlight
8) Light Reactions = Light energy is converted to chemical energy; Energy is captured from sunlight in the
chlorophyll of the chloroplasts of plant cells.
9) Dark Reactions = (Calvin Cycle); Carbon dioxide (CO2) and the chemical energy stored in ATP and
NADPH powers the formation of carbohydrate molecules (sugars, starch and cellulose)
10) Stroma = specific location on a chloroplast where the dark reactions occur
11) Glycolysis = Occurs in the cytoplasm of the cell
• Starting molecule: ONE molecule of glucose (C6H12O6)
Produces: TWO pyruvic acids or pyruvates (C3H6O3); 2 ATP molecules
Attaches H’s to NAD+ (electron carrier) and forms NADH (high energy molecule)
12) Aerobic = requires oxygen
13) Pyruvic Acid = (pyruvate) C3H6O3
14) Kreb Cycle = also called the citric acid cycle
• Aerobic process (requires oxygen)
• Occurs in the mitochondrial matrix
• Starting molecules: 2 pyruvates and oxygen
• Produces: NADH and FADH2, CO2 and 2 ATP molecules
15) ETC = Electron Transport Chain
• Aerobic process (requires oxygen)
• Occurs in the inner membrane folds of the mitochondria
• Starting molecules: NADH and FADH2 and oxygen
o Uses the NADH and FADH2 from the Kreb’s Cycle and another NADH from Glycolysis.
• Produces: Water and 32 ATP’s
o FADH2 and NADH, release H’s so they can attach to oxygen and produce water
16) NADH & FADH = high energy molecules
17) Anaerobic = no oxygen present
18) Alcoholic Fermentation = Occurs in plants
• Starting molecules: 2 pyruvates and NADH (from glycolysis)
• Produces: ethyl alcohol and carbon dioxide.
• Bakers use alcoholic fermentation of YEAST to make bread.
• Used to make wine and beer
19) Lactic Acid Fermentation = Occurs in animals
• Starting molecules: 2 pyruvates and NADH (from glycolysis)
• Produces: lactic acid
• Lactic acid fermentation by microorganisms plays an essential role in the manufacturing of food
products such as yogurt and cheese.
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