WELSPUN INDIA LTD., ANJAR, KUTCH EIA, EMP, RA & DMP for Laying of Onshore Treated Waste Water Disposal Pipeline for 25 MLD capacity upto Landfall Point near Nakti Creek, Gulf of Kutch. APRIL 2015 Kadam Environmental Consultants www.kadamenviro.com Environment for Development WELSPUN INDIA LTD., KUTCH EIA, EMP, RA & DMP FOR ONSHORE TREATED WASTE WATER DISPOSAL PIPELINE FOR 25 MLD CAPACITY QUALITY SHEET WELSPUN INDIA LTD., ANJAR, KUTCH EIA, EMP, RA & DMP for Laying of Onshore Treated Waste Water Disposal Pipeline for 25 MLD capacity upto Landfall Point near Nakti Creek, Gulf of Kutch © Kadam Environmental Consultants (‘Kadam’), April, 2015 This report is released for the use of the Welspun India Limited, Regulators and relevant stakeholders solely as part of the subject project’s CRZ Clearance process. Information provided (unless attributed to referenced third parties) is otherwise copyrighted and shall not be used for any other purpose without the written consent of Kadam. QUALITY CONTROL Name of Publication Project Number EIA, EMP & DMP for Laying of Onshore Treated Waste Water Disposal Pipeline for 25 MLD capacity upto Landfall Point near Nakti Creek, Gulf of Kutch 1419588352 Report No. 5 Version 0 Released April 2015 DISCLAIMER Kadam has taken all reasonable precautions in the preparation of this report as per its auditable quality plan. Kadam also believes that the facts presented in the report are accurate as on the date it was written. However, it is impossible to dismiss absolutely, the possibility of errors or omissions. Kadam therefore specifically disclaims any liability resulting from the use or application of the information contained in this report. The information is not intended to serve as legal advice related to the individual situation. KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | APRIL 2015 1 WELSPUN INDIA LTD., KUTCH EIA, EMP, RA & DMP FOR ONSHORE TREATED WASTE WATER DISPOSAL PIPELINE FOR 25 MLD CAPACITY QUALITY SHEET CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ................................................................................ 4 1 INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND ...................................................... 21 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 1.10 PURPOSE OF THE REPORT .........................................................................21 ABOUT THE CLIENT “WELSPUN GROUP” ..........................................................21 INTRODUCTION TO WELSPUN CITY, ANJAR – PROJECT PROPONENT ..............................23 IDENTIFICATION OF THE PROJECT .................................................................23 PROJECT ADVANTAGES ............................................................................24 PROJECT INFORMATION ...........................................................................24 PROJECT COMPONENTS ...........................................................................24 LOCATION OF STUDY AREA ........................................................................25 APPOINTMENT OF CONSULTANTS ..................................................................25 SCOPE OF EIA WORK...........................................................................25 1.10.1 Baseline Environmental Monitoring .....................................................25 1.10.2 Risk Assessment and Disaster Management Plan ....................................26 1.11 METHODOLOGY .................................................................................27 1.11.1 Methodology of Environmental Impact Assessment .................................27 1.11.2 Methodology of Risk Assessment and Disaster Management Plan .................27 2 PROJECT DESCRIPTION ....................................................................... 29 2.1 2.2 TYPE OF PROJECT .................................................................................29 WELSPUN CITY ....................................................................................29 2.2.1 Approach to Welspun City ...............................................................29 2.3 PRODUCTION PROCESS AND ZERO DISCHARGE FACILITY AT WELSPUN INDIA LTD ................30 2.4 PRESENT CONSTRAINTS FACED IN TERMS OF FRESH WATER AVAILABILITY AT WELSPUN CITY, ANJAR .............................................................................................31 2.4.1 Water Consumption from GWIL for Welspun City ....................................31 2.5 NEED FOR RECYCLING OF WATER AND SEA DISCHARGE OPTION OF TREATED WASTE WATER AS A SUSTAINABLE ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT ACTIVITY AT WIL. .................................32 2.6 THE PROJECT .....................................................................................34 2.7 DESIGN BASIS FOR THE PROJECT COMPONENTS...................................................37 2.8 SALIENT FEATURES OF THE PROJECT ..............................................................38 2.8.1 Alignment of the Selected Pipeline Route .............................................40 2.9 CRZ CLASSIFICATION OF THE AREA ...............................................................40 2.10 KEY ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL OUTCOMES OF PROPOSED PIPELINE ROUTE ................41 2.11 PROPOSED EFFLUENT DISPOSAL POINT .........................................................41 2.12 DESIGN SPECIFICATIONS & OPERATION PARAMETERS FOR PROPOSED PIPELINE................42 2.13 METHOD OF LAYING OF PIPELINE ...............................................................43 2.13.1 Structure Details ..........................................................................43 2.13.2 Factors Considered for Selection of Pipe Material ....................................43 2.13.3 Selection of Pipeline Material ............................................................43 2.13.4 Specifications for DWC Pipes ............................................................44 2.13.5 Specifications for HDPE Pipes ...........................................................44 2.13.6 Specifications for MS Pipes ..............................................................44 2.14 STORAGE LAGOONS & PUMPING STATION ......................................................44 KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | APRIL 2015 1 WELSPUN INDIA LTD., KUTCH EIA, EMP, RA & DMP FOR ONSHORE TREATED WASTE WATER DISPOSAL PIPELINE FOR 25 MLD CAPACITY QUALITY SHEET 2.14.1 Selection of Pumping Machinery ........................................................45 2.14.2 Fully Submersible Pumps ................................................................45 2.14.3 Horizontal Centrifugal Pumps (Non Clog Type)-Axially Split Casing/Back Pull Out .....................................................................................46 2.14.4 Treated Waste Water Quality Monitoring ..............................................48 2.15 2.16 ELECTRICAL DESIGN OF PUMPING STATION ....................................................48 PIPELINE INTEGRITY ISSUES ....................................................................49 2.16.1 Leak Addressing System .................................................................49 2.16.2 Fire Fighting and Fire Alarm System ...................................................49 2.17 SITE ACTIVITIES DURING LAYING OPERATIONS OF PIPELINE ...................................49 2.17.1 Site Preparation ...........................................................................49 2.17.2 Storage of pipeline materials ............................................................49 2.17.3 Transportation of pipes and fittings ....................................................49 2.18 CONSTRUCTION METHODOLOGY FOR DWC PIPES (FOR GRAVITY LINES) ......................50 2.18.1 Technical Specifications ..................................................................50 2.18.2 Scope of Item .............................................................................50 2.18.3 Applicable codes ..........................................................................50 2.18.4 Temperature Variation ...................................................................50 2.18.5 Manufacturing .............................................................................51 2.18.6 Transportation .............................................................................51 2.18.7 Handling ....................................................................................51 2.18.8 Pipe Storage at Site.......................................................................51 2.18.9 Lowering, Laying & Jointing Of Pipes ..................................................51 2.18.10 Construction of Backfill Envelope and Final Backfilling of the Trenches ........53 2.19 CONSTRUCTION METHODOLOGY FOR HDPE PIPES (FOR PUMPING MAIN) .....................53 2.19.1 Transportation .............................................................................54 2.19.2 Welding .....................................................................................54 2.19.3 Field Testing & Repair ....................................................................54 2.19.4 Excavation in Rocky Strata ..............................................................54 2.19.5 Trenching ..................................................................................54 2.19.6 Backfilling ..................................................................................54 2.19.7 Restoration of ROW (if applicable) .....................................................54 2.19.8 Excavation for pipes in trenches ........................................................54 2.19.9 Foundation and Bedding .................................................................55 2.19.10 Jointing of Pipes ........................................................................55 2.19.11 Material / Equipment Requirement ..................................................56 2.20 WATER MANAGEMENT AT WELSPUN CITY & WASTE WATER MANAGEMENT AT WIL PREMISES 57 2.20.1 Total Water Requirement and Source of Water Supply .............................57 2.21 PRESENT + PROPOSED ETP MANAGEMENT SYSTEM AT WIL PREMISES ........................57 2.22 PROJECT CONCEPT .............................................................................57 2.23 EFFLUENT TREATMENT PLANT UNITS DESCRIPTION ............................................60 2.23.1 Sizing of units in Existing Common ETP ...............................................65 2.23.2 Adequacy of Existing + Proposed Modifications of Common ETP ..................65 2.24 SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANT UNITS DESCRIPTION – 30 MLD CAPACITY .......................68 2.24.1 Design Flow & Characterstics: ..........................................................68 2.24.2 Description of units for STP .............................................................69 2.24.3 List of Civil Units with Unit Sizing for STP .............................................72 KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | APRIL 2015 2 WELSPUN INDIA LTD., KUTCH EIA, EMP, RA & DMP FOR ONSHORE TREATED WASTE WATER DISPOSAL PIPELINE FOR 25 MLD CAPACITY QUALITY SHEET 2.24.4 Adequacy of Proposed STP ..............................................................73 2.25 WATER & WASTE WATER GENERATION DURING PIPELINE LAYING OPERATION .................75 2.25.1 Water Requirement during Construction and Operation Phase of Pipeline .......75 2.25.2 Wastewater Generation & Wastewater Disposal .....................................76 2.26 AIR ENVIRONMENT .............................................................................76 2.27 SOLID/HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT .....................................................77 2.28 SOURCE OF NOISE AND ITS ABATEMENT ........................................................78 2.29 FUEL/ENERGY REQUIREMENT ...................................................................78 2.30 AIR/FUGITIVE EMISSIONS ......................................................................79 2.31 WORKFORCE REQUIREMENT FOR THE PROJECT .................................................79 2.32 COMPENSATORY PLANTATION ..................................................................79 2.33 POST-INSTALLATION MONITORING OF THE PIPELINE ...........................................79 2.34 SAFETY ASPECTS ...............................................................................80 2.34.1 Safety Aspects of Pipeline ...............................................................80 2.34.2 Safety Aspects at Pumping Stations ....................................................80 3 DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT.................................................... 81 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 GENERAL ..........................................................................................81 METHODOLOGY....................................................................................81 STUDY AREA INCLUDED IN ENVIRONMENTAL ......................................................81 DESCRIPTION OF THE LAND USE ..................................................................81 3.4.1 Classification of Land use and Land cover.............................................81 3.4.2 Study Methodology Adopted ............................................................81 3.4.3 Data Collection ............................................................................82 3.4.4 Interpretation of Satellite Data..........................................................82 3.4.5 Ground Truth Studies / Field survey ...................................................82 3.4.6 Land use and Land cover Pattern of Study Area .....................................83 3.4.7 Built-up Land ..............................................................................84 3.4.8 Agricultural Land ..........................................................................84 3.4.9 Wastelands.................................................................................84 3.4.10 Water Bodies ..............................................................................84 3.4.11 Vegetation Cover ..........................................................................84 3.4.12 Others ......................................................................................85 3.5 CLASS WISE AREA STATISTICS ....................................................................85 3.6 FINAL MAP PREPARATION .........................................................................86 3.7 PROXIMITY TO SEA / WATER BODIES .............................................................88 3.8 IMPORTANT FEATURES WITHIN THE STUDY AREA .................................................88 3.9 CLIMATE OF THE STUDY AREA.....................................................................89 3.9.1 Weather ....................................................................................89 3.9.2 Temperature ...............................................................................89 3.9.3 Wind Direction .............................................................................89 3.9.4 Rainfall......................................................................................90 3.9.5 Cloud Cover ................................................................................90 3.9.6 Humidity ....................................................................................90 3.10 SITE SPECIFIC METEOROLOGY ..................................................................90 3.10.1 Site Specific Data of Season .............................................................91 3.11 AMBIENT AIR ...................................................................................94 KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | APRIL 2015 3 WELSPUN INDIA LTD., KUTCH 3.11.1 3.11.2 3.11.3 3.11.4 3.11.5 3.11.6 EIA, EMP, RA & DMP FOR ONSHORE TREATED WASTE WATER DISPOSAL PIPELINE FOR 25 MLD CAPACITY QUALITY SHEET Season and Period of Monitoring .......................................................94 Selection of Stations for Sampling ......................................................94 Sampling Frequency ......................................................................96 Parameters Monitored and Methods Used .............................................96 Results of Ambient Air Monitoring ......................................................97 Observations ...............................................................................99 3.12 NOISE ENVIRONMENT......................................................................... 100 Monitoring Methodology of Noise Level.............................................. 100 Selected Sampling Locations for Noise............................................... 100 Noise Level Results ..................................................................... 102 Observations ............................................................................. 102 3.13 WATER ENVIRONMENT........................................................................ 103 3.13.1 Analysis Method Adopted .............................................................. 103 3.13.2 Assessment of Ground Water Quality ................................................ 105 3.13.3 Assessment of Surface Water Quality ................................................ 112 3.14 LAND ......................................................................................... 120 3.14.1 Topography and General Features ................................................... 120 3.14.2 Geology of the study area ............................................................. 120 3.14.3 Soil Characteristics ...................................................................... 120 3.14.4 Soil Monitoring Methodology .......................................................... 120 3.14.5 Surface Soil Sampling Locations ...................................................... 121 3.14.6 Details of Sediment Sampling Locations ............................................. 126 3.15 DESCRIPTION OF ECOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT ................................................ 127 3.15.1 Biodiversity of Terrestrial Environment .............................................. 128 3.15.2 Biological Diversity ...................................................................... 128 3.15.3 Ecological Impact Assessment ........................................................ 128 3.16 PERIOD OF THE STUDY AND STUDY AREA ..................................................... 129 3.16.1 Methodology ............................................................................. 129 3.17 BIODIVERSITY OF TERRESTRIAL ENVIRONMENT............................................... 129 3.17.1 Floral Diversity of the study area ..................................................... 129 3.17.2 Cultivated Plants in the study area: .................................................. 131 3.17.3 Rare and Endangered Flora in the study area ...................................... 131 3.17.4 Endemic flora in the study area ....................................................... 131 3.17.5 Status of Forest and their category in the study area ............................. 131 3.18 FAUNAL DIVERSITY IN STUDY AREA ........................................................... 131 3.18.1 Birds of the study area ................................................................. 131 3.18.2 Reptiles ................................................................................... 132 3.18.3 Mammals ................................................................................. 133 3.18.4 Endemic Fauna of the Study area .................................................... 133 3.18.5 Scheduled Fauna of the study area .................................................. 133 3.19 MANGROVE ENVIRONMENT ................................................................... 133 3.20 SOCIO-ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT ............................................................ 134 3.21 METHODOLOGY (OBSERVATION, GROUND-TROTTING AND VISUAL PERCEPTION) ............. 135 3.22 DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE OF PROJECT DISTRICT AND SUB-DISTRICT .......................... 135 3.23 BRIEF PROFILE OF STUDY AREA .............................................................. 136 3.24 SOCIAL PROFILE .............................................................................. 137 3.24.1 Population and Household Details .................................................... 137 3.12.1 3.12.2 3.12.3 3.12.4 KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | APRIL 2015 4 WELSPUN INDIA LTD., KUTCH EIA, EMP, RA & DMP FOR ONSHORE TREATED WASTE WATER DISPOSAL PIPELINE FOR 25 MLD CAPACITY QUALITY SHEET 3.24.2 Religious Category and Social Characteristics....................................... 137 3.24.3 Literacy Rate in Study Area ............................................................ 138 3.24.4 Women’s Participation in Decision Making Activities ............................... 139 3.25 BASIC INFRASTRUCTURE FACILITY ............................................................ 139 Education Facility ....................................................................... 139 Medical and Health Facility ............................................................ 141 Source of Drinking Water .............................................................. 142 Means of Communication .............................................................. 143 Transportation Facility .................................................................. 144 Power Supply ............................................................................ 144 3.26 ECONOMIC PROFILE .......................................................................... 144 3.26.1 Occupational Pattern ................................................................... 144 3.26.2 Agriculture Condition in Study Area .................................................. 145 3.26.3 Animal Husbandry ...................................................................... 145 3.27 CULTURAL PROFILE ........................................................................... 145 3.25.1 3.25.2 3.25.3 3.25.4 3.25.5 3.25.6 4 ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES ... 147 4.1 4.2 INTRODUCTION.................................................................................. 147 DETAILS OF INVESTIGATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS .......................................... 147 4.2.1 Methodology of Impact Assessment ................................................. 147 4.2.2 Identification of Impacting Activities for the Proposed Project ................... 155 4.3 LANDUSE ........................................................................................ 159 4.3.1 Direct Impacts on Land Use due to the Project during construction phase .... 159 4.3.2 Operation Phase......................................................................... 160 4.3.3 Mitigation Measures .................................................................... 161 4.4 AIR ENVIRONMENT .............................................................................. 161 4.4.1 Construction Phase ..................................................................... 161 4.4.2 Operation Phase......................................................................... 162 4.4.3 About the Software ..................................................................... 162 4.4.4 Air Quality Modeling .................................................................... 164 4.4.5 Results .................................................................................... 180 4.4.6 Mitigation Measures .................................................................... 181 4.5 NOISE ENVIRONMENT ........................................................................... 182 4.6 WATER ENVIRONMENT .......................................................................... 184 4.7 SOIL ENVIRONMENT ............................................................................. 186 4.7.1 Mitigation Measures .................................................................... 187 4.8 BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT ..................................................................... 188 4.8.1 Identification of Impacting Activities for the Proposed Project ................... 188 4.9 SOCIO-ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT ............................................................... 189 4.10 OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND RISK TO SURROUNDING COMMUNITIES ........................ 190 4.10.1 General Safety Measures .............................................................. 190 4.10.2 Mitigation Measures .................................................................... 190 5 ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES .............................................................. 191 5.1 5.2 5.3 DESCRIPTION OF STUDY AREA................................................................... 191 SELECTION OF SURVEY ROUTE - OUTCOME OF THE RECONNAISSANCE SURVEY ................. 191 ALIGNMENT ALTERNATIVES...................................................................... 191 KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | APRIL 2015 5 WELSPUN INDIA LTD., KUTCH 5.4 5.5 6 EIA, EMP, RA & DMP FOR ONSHORE TREATED WASTE WATER DISPOSAL PIPELINE FOR 25 MLD CAPACITY QUALITY SHEET ASSESSMENT OF ALIGNMENT ALTERNATIVES .................................................... 192 SELECTED ALIGNMENT ALTERNATIVE ............................................................ 193 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAM ........................................... 195 6.1 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING.................................................................. 195 Construction Phase ..................................................................... 195 Operation Phase......................................................................... 195 ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT CELL ............................................................. 196 REGULATORY FRAMEWORK ...................................................................... 197 6.1.1 6.1.2 6.2 6.3 7 ADDITIONAL STUDIES – CONSEQUENCE ANALYSIS AND DISASTER MANAGEMENT PLAN ................................................................................ 199 7.1 HAZARD IDENTIFICATION AND CONSEQUENCE ANALYSIS ........................................ 199 7.1.1 Introduction.............................................................................. 199 7.1.2 Emergency Plan: Structure ............................................................ 199 7.1.3 Policy ..................................................................................... 199 7.1.4 Planning .................................................................................. 199 7.1.5 Consequence Assessment ............................................................. 200 7.2 ON-SITE EMERGENCY PLAN ..................................................................... 204 7.2.1 Introduction.............................................................................. 204 7.2.2 Objectives of the Emergency Plan .................................................... 206 7.2.3 Health & Safety Policy .................................................................. 207 7.2.4 Storage and Operational Hazards & Control ........................................ 207 7.2.5 Risk and Environmental Impact Assessment Plan .................................. 207 7.2.6 Emergency Organization ............................................................... 211 7.2.7 Preventive, Safety & Emergency Arrangements .................................... 213 7.2.8 Emergency Communications .......................................................... 214 7.2.9 Action Plan ............................................................................... 215 7.3 OFF-SITE EMERGENCY PLAN..................................................................... 217 7.3.1 Major risks and their Effects ........................................................... 217 7.3.2 The Off-Site Action Plan................................................................ 218 7.3.3 First -Aid.................................................................................. 219 8 PROJECT BENEFITS ............................................................................ 221 9 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ................................................. 222 9.1 INTRODUCTION.................................................................................. 222 9.1.1 General ................................................................................... 222 9.1.2 Purpose of EMP ......................................................................... 222 9.2 LEGISLATIVE COMPLIANCE ...................................................................... 222 9.3 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ........................................................... 223 9.4 GREENBELT MANAGEMENT ...................................................................... 227 9.4.1 General Principles in Greenbelt Design .............................................. 227 10 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS .......................................................... 229 10.1 10.2 10.3 SUMMARY OF IMPACTS ........................................................................ 229 IMPACT DUE TO PIPELINE ROUTE SELECTION ................................................. 229 IMPACTS DURING CONSTRUCTION OF THE PIPELINE .......................................... 229 KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | APRIL 2015 6 WELSPUN INDIA LTD., KUTCH EIA, EMP, RA & DMP FOR ONSHORE TREATED WASTE WATER DISPOSAL PIPELINE FOR 25 MLD CAPACITY QUALITY SHEET 10.4 10.5 IMPACTS DURING OPERATION OF THE PIPELINE .............................................. 230 MITIGATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ...................................... 230 10.5.1 General ................................................................................... 230 10.5.2 Post Project Monitoring Programme.................................................. 230 10.6 CONCLUSIONS ................................................................................ 231 10.6.1 Overall Postiive Impact due to proposed Pipeline Project ......................... 231 11 DISCLOSURE OF CONSULTANTS ........................................................ 232 11.1 BRIEF RESUME AND NATURE OF CONSULTANCY RENDERED BY KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS .......................................................................................... 232 11.2 EIA TEAM MEMBERS ......................................................................... 233 LIST OF ANNEXURES Annexure 1: Consent for Welspun India Limited (Textile Division) ........................................... 235 Annexure 2: Concession Agreement for 35 year with Nagarpalika. .......................................... 240 Annexure 3: Treatability cum Adequacy Report of ETP and STP .............................................. 244 Annexure 4: Longterm Climatological Data ............................................................................ 245 Annexure 5: Detailed Air Monitoring Results .......................................................................... 247 Annexure 6: National Ambient Air Quality Stations ................................................................. 249 Annexure 7: Selected Alignment Route ................................................................................. 251 Annexure 8: Compliance to CCA ........................................................................................... 252 Annexure 9: Land Lease Agreement for STP and other permission letters................................ 259 Annexure 10: HTL –LTL Demarcation Map ............................................................................ 269 KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | APRIL 2015 7 WELSPUN INDIA LTD.,KUTCH EIA, EMP, RA & DMP FOR ONSHORE TREATED EFFLUENT DISPOSAL PIPELINE OF 25 MLD CAPACITY LIST OF TABLES LIST OF TABLES Table 0-1: Salient Features of the Proposed Project Pipeline....................................................... 5 Table 0-2: Treated Waste Water Characteristics of Common ETP compared to Marine Discharge Norms given by CPCB .............................................................................................................. 7 Table 0-3: Outlet of Proposed STP and RO Reject Waters of WIL ............................................... 8 Table 0-4: Characteristics of Common ETP outlet and Sea Discharge pipeline combined outlet compared with CPCB Standards for Marine Discharge ................................................................ 9 Table 0-5: Land use of the Study Area .................................................................................... 11 Table 0-6: 24 hr Average Incremental Increase in GLC - DG set at Pumping station ................... 14 Table 0-7: 24 hr Average Incremental Increase in GLC – DG set at Proposed STP area .............. 14 Table 1-1: Components of Treated Waste Water disposal pipeline ............................................ 24 Table 2-1: Products Manufactured & Quantity at WIL premsies ................................................ 30 Table 2-2: Design Basis for Common ETP at WIL premises ....................................................... 31 Table 2-3: Water Consumption from GWIL by Welspun City ..................................................... 31 Table 2-4: Treated Waste Water Characterstics of Common ETP compared to Marine Discharge Norms given by CPCB ............................................................................................................ 36 Table 2-5: Details about Design Flow Calculations ................................................................... 37 Table 2-6: Salient Features of the Proposed Project Components .............................................. 38 Table 2-7: CRZ Classification for Proposed Pipeline Route ........................................................ 40 Table 2-8: Key Environmental and Social Outcome of Pipeline Route ........................................ 41 Table 2-9: Gravity Pipeline design features/specifications ......................................................... 42 Table 2-10: Rising main design features/specifications ............................................................. 42 Table 2-11: Pipe Diameter Specification .................................................................................. 56 Table 2-12: Design Inlet and Outlet Characterstics of Common ETP .......................................... 58 Table 2-13: Design Outlet Characterstics of STP & RO Rejects .................................................. 59 Table 2-14: Combiined ETP Outlet in sea discharge pipeline compared with Marine Norms for Sea disposal ................................................................................................................................ 60 Table 2-15: Civil Unit Dimensions and Volumes in Existing Common ETP ................................... 65 Table 2-16: Adequacy of Existing ETP units and New Units for total capacity of 15 MLD ............. 65 Table 2-17: Design Characterstics of New STP ........................................................................ 69 Table 2-18: List of Units of STP – 30 MLD capacity .................................................................. 72 Table 2-19: Adequacy of Proposed STP .................................................................................. 73 Table 2-20: Estimated Daily Water Requirement ...................................................................... 75 Table 2-21: Estimated Waste Water Generation during Construction Phase ............................... 76 Table 2-22: Details of Proposed Stack additions due to pipeline project ..................................... 77 Table 2-23: Details of Hazardous Waste Generation ................................................................ 77 KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | APRIL 2015 1 WELSPUN INDIA LTD.,KUTCH EIA, EMP, RA & DMP FOR ONSHORE TREATED EFFLUENT DISPOSAL PIPELINE OF 25 MLD CAPACITY LIST OF TABLES Table 2-24: Details of Proposed D.G. Set at pumping station and at STP ................................... 79 Table 3-1: GPS Readings within Study Area ............................................................................ 82 Table 3-2: Synopsis of Land use / Land cover Classification Used for the Project........................ 83 Table 3-3: Area Statistics for Land Use / Land Cover Categories in the Study Area ..................... 85 Table 3-4: Proximity of Sea / Water bodies ............................................................................. 88 Table 3-5: Important Features and Sensitive Ecological Locations in the Study Area .................. 88 Table 3-6: Predominant Wind Direction (Data is available for Morning Hours) ............................ 89 Table 3-7: Monitoring Methodology of Meteorological Data ...................................................... 91 Table 3-8: Mean Meteorological Data for Post Monsoon Season 2014 ....................................... 91 Table 3-9: Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Details .................................................................... 94 Table 3-10: Methodology for Ambient Air Monitoring ............................................................... 97 Table 3-11: Ambient Air Monitoring Results ............................................................................. 97 Table 3-12: Monitoring methodology .................................................................................... 100 Table 3-13: Standard of Ambient Noise Level ........................................................................ 100 Table 3-14: Sampling Locations for Noise ............................................................................. 100 Table 3-15: Noise Level Readings ......................................................................................... 102 Table 3-16: Analysis Methods Adopted for Ground and Surface Water Samples ....................... 103 Table 3-17: Ground water Quality Sampling Locations ........................................................... 105 Table 3-18: Analysis report of Groundwater Samples (Station 1 to Station 5)........................... 107 Table 3-19: Analysis report of Groundwater Samples (Station 6 to Station 10) ......................... 109 Table 3-20: Surface Water Sampling Locations ...................................................................... 112 Table 3-21: Analysis Results of Surface Water Samples (Station 1 to Station 5) ....................... 114 Table 3-22: Marine Water Sampling Locations ....................................................................... 117 Table 3-23: Analysis Report of Marine Water Samples ........................................................... 118 Table 3-24: Classification of Coastal/ Marine Waters for Designated Best Uses ........................ 119 Table 3-25: Monitoring Methodology for soil.......................................................................... 120 Table 3-26: Soil Sampling Locations ..................................................................................... 122 Table 3-27: Surface Soil Analysis Results .............................................................................. 124 Table 3-28: Location Details of Sediment Samples ................................................................. 126 Table 3-29: Analysis Results of Sediment Samples ................................................................. 127 Table 3-30: List of Floral species in Study Area...................................................................... 130 Table 3-31: List of Birds in Study Area .................................................................................. 131 Table 3-32: List of Reptiles in study area .............................................................................. 132 Table 3-33: List of Mammals in study area ............................................................................ 133 Table 3-34: Demographic Profile of Project District and Sub-district ........................................ 136 KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | APRIL 2015 2 WELSPUN INDIA LTD.,KUTCH EIA, EMP, RA & DMP FOR ONSHORE TREATED EFFLUENT DISPOSAL PIPELINE OF 25 MLD CAPACITY LIST OF TABLES Table 3-35: Lists of Villages in Study Area............................................................................. 136 Table 3-36: Schedule Caste and Schedule Tribe Population Distribution in Study Area .............. 137 Table 3-37: Literacy Rate in Study Area ................................................................................ 138 Table 3-38: Education Facilities (Availability Yes- √, No- X) .................................................... 140 Table 3-39: Health and Medical Facility (Availability Yes- √, No- X) ......................................... 142 Table 3-40: Source of Drinking Water (Availability Yes- √, No- X) ........................................... 143 Table 3-41: Occupational Pattern ......................................................................................... 144 Table 4-1: Overall Impact Scoring System due to the Proposed Project – Consequence Assessment ......................................................................................................................................... 149 Table 4-2: Probability of Occurrence ..................................................................................... 154 Table 4-3: Environmental Impact Significance Criteria............................................................ 155 Table 4-4: Environmental Risk Categorization ........................................................................ 155 Table 4-5: Environmental Impacts ........................................................................................ 157 Table 4-6: Impact Scoring Land ........................................................................................... 160 Table 4-7: Flue Gas Stack Details ......................................................................................... 162 Table 4-8: Stack Details ....................................................................................................... 162 Table 4-9: Details of Gas Emission ....................................................................................... 162 Table 4-10: Incremental GLC of PM10 Pollutant (in μg/m3) .................................................... 165 Table 4-11: Incremental GLC of SO2 Pollutant (in μg/m3) ...................................................... 168 Table 4-12: Incremental GLC of NOX Pollutant (in μg/m3) ..................................................... 171 Table 4-13: Incremental of GLC of PM10 Pollutant (in μg/m3) – DG set for Proposed STP ........ 174 Table 4-14: Incremental GLC of SO2 Pollutant (in μg/m3) – DG set for Proposed STP .............. 176 Table 4-15: Incremental GLC of NOX Pollutant (in μg/m3) - DG set for Proposed STP .............. 178 Table 4-16: 24 hr Average Incremental Increase in GLC - DG set at Pumping station ............... 180 Table 4-17: 24 hr Average Incremental Increase in GLC – DG set at Proposed STP area .......... 180 Table 4-18: Impact Scoring of Air Environment ..................................................................... 181 Table 4-19: Estimated Peak Pipeline Construction Noise Emissions due to Equipment............... 182 Table 4-20: Estimated Noise Levels, 150 m from Site ............................................................. 182 Table 4-21: Typical Construction Equipment Noise Levels ...................................................... 183 Table 4-22: Noise Levels at Typical Pumping Station.............................................................. 183 Table 4-23: Impact Scoring of Noise ..................................................................................... 183 Table 4-24: Impact Scoring of Ground Water ........................................................................ 185 Table 4-25: Impact Scoring of Surface Water ........................................................................ 186 Table 4-26: Impact Scoring – Soil......................................................................................... 187 Table 4-27: Aspect – Impact Identification ............................................................................ 188 Table 4-28: Aspect – Impact Scoring .................................................................................... 189 KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | APRIL 2015 3 WELSPUN INDIA LTD.,KUTCH EIA, EMP, RA & DMP FOR ONSHORE TREATED EFFLUENT DISPOSAL PIPELINE OF 25 MLD CAPACITY LIST OF TABLES Table 5.1: List of Villages in the Study Area .......................................................................... 191 Table 6-1: Project Start-Up Checklist .................................................................................... 195 Table 6-2: Monthly Checklist ................................................................................................ 195 Table 6-3: Environment Monitoring Plan ............................................................................... 195 Table 6-4: Environment Management Cell ............................................................................. 196 Table 6-5: Applicable EHS Regulatory Requirements .............................................................. 197 Table 7-1: Event Classification ............................................................................................. 199 Table 7-2: Effect Distance due to Release of HSD .................................................................. 201 Table 9-1: Obligations of Project Proponent under Environmental Legislations ......................... 222 Table 9-2: Environmental Management Plan ......................................................................... 223 Table 9-3: Details of Recommended Plant species for Greenbelt Development ......................... 227 KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | APRIL 2015 4 WELSPUN INDIA LTD.,KUTCH EIA, EMP, RA & DMP FOR ONSHORE TREATED EFFLUENT DISPOSAL PIPELINE OF 25 MLD CAPACITY LIST OF FIGURES LIST OF FIGURES Figure 2-1: Google Map showing Welspun City ........................................................................ 30 Figure 2-2: Existing Water Balance Diagram of Welspun City .................................................... 33 Figure 2-3: Proposed Water Balance Diagram of Welspun City .................................................. 35 Figure 2-4: Alignment Map of Selected Pipeline Route ............................................................. 39 Figure 2-5: Location of Pumping Station near PS4 of Gandhidham-Adipur Municipal Corporation . 46 Figure 2-6: Layout Plan of Storage Lagoons and Pumping Station for pipeline project ................ 47 Figure 2-7: Treated Waste Water Quality Monitoring Block Diagram.......................................... 48 Figure 2-8: DWC Pipe Jointing Procedure ................................................................................ 52 Figure 2-9: HDPE Pipe Jointing Procedure ............................................................................... 55 Figure 2-10: Block Diagram of Existing Common ETP ............................................................... 64 Figure 2-11: ETP Flow Diagram of Existing Common ETP at WIL .............................................. 64 Figure 2-12: Augmented ETP Flow Diagram – 15 MLD Capacity ................................................ 67 Figure 2-13: Layout of ETP Augmentation Works ..................................................................... 68 Figure 2-14: Block Diagram of STP ......................................................................................... 74 Figure 2-15: Layout of STP works near WIL Premises .............................................................. 74 Figure 2-16: Combined Layout Plan of STP and ETP ................................................................ 75 Figure 3-1: Landuse/ Land Cover of the Study Area ................................................................. 87 Figure 3-2: Wind Rose Diagram for Post-Monsoon Season of 2014 ........................................... 93 Figure 3-3: Sampling Location Map......................................................................................... 95 Figure 3-4: Map of the Study Area........................................................................................ 135 Figure 3-5: Social Characteristics .......................................................................................... 138 Figure 3-6: Literacy Rate ..................................................................................................... 139 Figure 3-7: Working Population ............................................................................................ 145 Figure 4-1: Isopleth of PM10 Pollutant .................................................................................. 167 Figure 4-2: Isopleth of SO2 Pollutant .................................................................................... 170 Figure 4-3: Isopleth of NOx Pollutant .................................................................................... 173 Figure 4-4: Isopleth of PM10 pollutant - DG set for Proposed STP ............................................ 175 Figure 4-5: Isopleth of SO2 Pollutant - DG set for Proposed STP ............................................. 177 Figure 4-6: Isopleth of NOX pollutant - DG set for Proposed STP ............................................ 179 Figure 7-1: Late Pool fire effect contour due to 25 mm leak in HSD storage tank at weather 4/D ......................................................................................................................................... 202 Figure 7-2: Late Pool fire effect contour due to 25 mm leak in HSD storage tank at weather 5/D ......................................................................................................................................... 203 KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | APRIL 2015 1 WELSPUN INDIA LTD.,KUTCH EIA, EMP, RA & DMP FOR ONSHORE TREATED EFFLUENT DISPOSAL PIPELINE OF 25 MLD CAPACITY LIST OF FIGURES Figure 7-3: Late Pool fire effect contour due to 50 mm leak in HSD storage tank at weather 4/D ......................................................................................................................................... 203 Figure 7-4: Late Pool fire effect contour due to 50 mm leak in HSD storage tank at weather 5/D ......................................................................................................................................... 203 Figure 7-5: Late Pool fire effect contour due to Catastrophic Rupture of HSD storage tank at weather 4/D ....................................................................................................................... 204 Figure 7-6: Late Pool fire effect contour due to Catastrophic Rupture of HSD storage tank at weather 5/D ....................................................................................................................... 204 KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | APRIL 2015 2 WELSPUN INDIA LTD.,KUTCH EIA, EMP, RA & DMP FOR ONSHORE OFFSHORE TREATED EFFLUENT DISPOSAL PIPELINE OF 25 MLD CAPACITY EXECUTIVE SUMMARY LIST OF PHOTOGRAPHS Photographs 3-1: Sampling Photographs for Ambient Air Monitoring ......................................... 96 Photographs 3-2: Sampling Photographs for Noise Monitoring ................................................ 101 Photographs 3-3: Ground water sampling photographs .......................................................... 106 Photographs 3-4: Surface water sampling Photographs .......................................................... 113 Photographs 3-5: Sampling Photographs for Soil Monitoring ................................................... 122 Photographs 3-6: Education Facilities in nearby Villages of Project Area .................................. 140 Photographs 3-7: Medical Facilities in nearby Villages ............................................................ 141 Photographs 3-8: Source of Drinking Water in nearby Villages ................................................ 142 KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | MARCH 2015 3 WELSPUN INDIA LTD., KUTCH EIA, EMP, RA & DMP FOR ONSHORE TREATED WASTE WATER DISPOSAL PIPELINE FOR 25 MLD CAPACITY EXECUTIVE SUMMARY EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Introduction and Background Welspun City, situated in Anjar Town, is a diversified manufacturing base spread over 2500 acres, which was established in 2004. It presently employs more than 25,000 locals at its facility in Anjar. The Welspun Group of Companies harbors the following companies at its Anjar facility: Welspun Welspun Welspun Welspun Welspun Corp Ltd (Plate and Pipeline), India Ltd (Textile Division) & Steel Ltd (Sponge Iron Plant with Captive Power Plant) Captive Power Generation Ltd (Power Plant) Gujarat Stahl Rohen Ltd – (Standby Power Plant) Currently the WIL have an own CETP to treat effluent generated from the entire Welspun city. In order to sustain the water management in the area of Kutch and future growth of the company, M/s WIL under the Clean Environment Campaign of Government of India, WIL has decided to set up a 30 MLD Sewage treatment plant (in Ist Phase) at Anjar and reuse the entire city sewage of Anjar and Gandhidham-Adipur for their plant use after the RO process; thereby conserving the fresh water resources of Narmada. This conservation of fresh water source can be utilized by other industries and community leading to environmental benefits in the region as well as enhancing its own capacity to use the treated waters. M/s Welspun India Ltd. (WIL) intends to lay a pipeline conveyance system (Onshore + Offshore) in order to convey and dispose their surplus treated waste water + RO Rejects from STP treatment into deep sea off Nakti Creek in Gulf of Kutch thereby improving the surface water quality of the region. Project Details Purpose of the Project The purpose of this pipeline is to discharge the treated effluents from Treated Water Sump in the Welspun Plant Premises by means of gravity upto Proposed Pumping Station Location & further by means of pumping into deep sea outfall point as identified by NIO off Gulf of Kutch. In order to sustain the continued overall development of the Kutch region the Government of Gujarat supplies water to the region, however, the same is becoming a challenge for the industries and its community growth. To ease this pressure of Government of Gujarat to supply water for industrial usage and to create a sustainable source of industrial water supply for their own use / surplus waters to nearby industries in Anjar & Gandhidham region, M/s. Welspun India Limited have entered into a Concession agreement for a period of 35 years with both the Nagarpalikas viz., Anjar Nagar Palika (ANP) and Gandhidham - Adipur Nagar Palika (GNP), for setting up of project facilities and allied works in order to recycle the sewage waters by suitable treatment that can be optimally used by the industries in the region keeping the environmental benefits in the region as well as its own capacity to use the treated water. The present project is Treated Waste Water Disposal Pipeline off Nakti Creek and is conceived for disposal of RO rejects from Recycling of the above Treated Sewage Waters along with treated waste waters from Welspun India Ltd. KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | APRIL 2015 4 WELSPUN INDIA LTD., KUTCH EIA, EMP, RA & DMP FOR ONSHORE TREATED WASTE WATER DISPOSAL PIPELINE FOR 25 MLD CAPACITY EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The project will dispose of the surplus rejects along with the treated waste water from the existing Common ETP; matching the disposal norms as specified by the Central Pollution Control Board, into Deep Sea via an Onshore and Offshore disposal pipeline off Nakti Creek in Gulf of Kutch (upto the disposal point as suggested by NIO). Project Study Area The project broadly consists of Gravity Pipeline upto pumping station in area of Gandhidham – Adipur Nagarpalika (Length of Gravity Pipeline ~ 15.3 Kms) further by means of Pumping upto LFP Location (Length ~ 5.86 Kms) extending upto diffuser outfall point into deep sea as identified by NIO (Length~ 8.92 Kms). Scope of EIA The scope of this EIA is for on-shore pipeline. The scope of EIA starts from treated wastewater sump in the Welspun Premises upto pumping station location further upto Land Fall Point crossing Tuna Port Railway Line- Onshore Portion. Overall Project Components 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Sewage Conveyance Network – D.I. Pipeline – Design capacity 60 MLD Sewage Treatment Plant – 30 MLD + 15 MLD (two phases) Treated Waste Water + RO Rejects Conveyance Pipeline upto deep sea – 25 MLD capacity Augmentation of existing ETP at WIL (textile unit) – total capacity of 15 MLD Augmentation of UF and RO for recycling – 10 MLD + 5 MLD + 30 MLD capacity (Three phases) Salient Features of the project The salient features of the existing and proposed project is given in below table. Table 0-1: Salient Features of the Proposed Project Pipeline Sr. No. Description Starting/End point Location Length of Conveyance System (Km) Waste Water Disposal Quantity Mode of Disposal/ Remarks (MLD) 1 Segment 1: Onshore Pipeline – 800 OD DWC Pipe From Treated Water Sump in Welspun Premises upto Pumping Station Location 15.3 25 Deep Sea Disposal by gravity main pipeline up to Pumping Station Location. Lat Long of N 230 07’ 07.73” E 700 04’ 42.15” 2 Pumping Station Pump Station will be constructed from the downstream of WIL located at Lat. Longs of N 230 01’ 23.7”, E 700 07’ 9.89” KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | APRIL 2015 - 25 Gravity Line will be discharging water into storage lagoons proposed near Pumping Station & will be further pumped form the 5 WELSPUN INDIA LTD., KUTCH Sr. No. EIA, EMP, RA & DMP FOR ONSHORE TREATED WASTE WATER DISPOSAL PIPELINE FOR 25 MLD CAPACITY Description Starting/End point Location Length of Conveyance System (Km) Waste Water Disposal Quantity EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Mode of Disposal/ Remarks (MLD) Pumping station upto Outfall point. 3 Segment 2: Onshore Pipeline – 500 mm diameter HDPE Pipe 4 Segment 3: Onshore Pipeline – 500 mm diameter HDPE Pipe From pumping station to Landfall Point (LFP 2) – Lat Long of 5.86 25 N 220 58’ 49.75” Deep Sea Disposal by means of Pumping Pipeline upto Landfall Point E 700 06’ 43.55” From Landfall point (LFP) to Final disposal point as identified by NIO1 Lat Longs of 8.92 25 30.08 Say 31 25 N 220 54’ 52.0” E 700 09’ 18.0” Deep Sea Disposal by means of Pumping Pipeline upto Final Diffuser Point (Disposal Location identified by NIO) along with scientifically designed diffuser System 5 Total Pipeline Length Pipeline starts from Lagoons and ends at disposal point as given by NIO. Treated Wastewater Monitoring Block Diagram 1 1 Marine EIA Study Carried out by NIO KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | APRIL 2015 6 WELSPUN INDIA LTD., KUTCH EIA, EMP, RA & DMP FOR ONSHORE TREATED WASTE WATER DISPOSAL PIPELINE FOR 25 MLD CAPACITY EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Characteristics of Common ETP outlet for Sea Disposal Characteristics of the Biologically Treated Wastewater suited for Marine Discharge & PCB discharge norms as presented under: Table 0-2: Treated Waste Water Characteristics of Common ETP compared to Marine Discharge Norms given by CPCB Parameters Treated Effluent Characteristics of Common ETP Treated waste water Characteristics as per CPCB Standards for discharge to Marine Coastal Waters 1 Flow (cu.m per day) 15000 25000 2 pH 7.0 - 7.5 5.5 - 9.0 Sr. No. KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | APRIL 2015 7 WELSPUN INDIA LTD., KUTCH EIA, EMP, RA & DMP FOR ONSHORE TREATED WASTE WATER DISPOSAL PIPELINE FOR 25 MLD CAPACITY EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 3 Temperature 30 < 30 4 Colour (Pt. Co. Units) 100 < 100 5 BOD (5 Days at 20 Deg. C) 75 < 100 6 COD 240 < 250 7 Suspended Solids 50 < 100 8 Total Dissolved Solids 2500 - 9 Oil & Grease 10 20 10 Phenolic Compounds 2 5 11 Fluorides 1 15 12 Sulphides 0.1 5 13 Ammonical Nitrogen 15 50 14 Bio Assay Test 90% survival of fish after 96 hours in 100% effluent 90% survival of fish after 96 hours in 100% effluent Characteristics of STP Outlet and RO Rejects for Sea Diposal The Characteristics of Inlet and Outlet of new proposed STP is presented in table as below: Table 0-3: Outlet of Proposed STP and RO Reject Waters of WIL Sr. No. Parameters Outlet of STP RO Reject waters 1 Design Flow 29000 10000 2 pH 6.8 - 8 6.0 - 7.5 3 Temperature Deg C 20 20 Colour (Pt. Co. Units) mg/l 4 < 10 20 5 BOD (5 Days at 20 Deg. C) mg/l < 10 30 6 COD mg/l < 50 150 Suspended Solids mg/l < 10 < 10 Total Dissolved Solids mg/l < 3400 10000 Oil & Grease mg/l <2 <2 Phenolic Compounds mg/l <1 <1 11 Fluorides mg/l <2 <2 12 Sulphides mg/l <1 <1 13 Ammonical Nitrogen mg/l < 10 < 10 7 8 9 10 Units m3/day Combined Characteristics of ETP Outlet and STP RO Rejects Characteristics of combined outlet of Treated waste water from Common ETP + RO rejects (of STP treated waters) meeting with Marine Discharge norms is highlighted in the table as below: KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | APRIL 2015 8 WELSPUN INDIA LTD., KUTCH EIA, EMP, RA & DMP FOR ONSHORE TREATED WASTE WATER DISPOSAL PIPELINE FOR 25 MLD CAPACITY EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Table 0-4: Characteristics of Common ETP outlet and Sea Discharge pipeline combined outlet compared with CPCB Standards for Marine Discharge RO Reject waters Combined Outlet Characteristics to Sea Discharge Pipeline Treated waste water Characteristics as per CPCB Standards for discharge to Marine Coastal Waters Sr. No. Parameters Treated Effluent Characteristics of Common ETP 1 Flow (cu.m per day) 15000 10000 25000 25000 2 pH 7.0 - 7.5 6.0 - 7.5 6.0 - 8 5.5 - 9.0 3 Temperature 30 20 26 < 30 4 Colour (Pt. Co. Units) 100 20 68 < 100 5 BOD (5 Days at 20 Deg. C) 75 30 57 < 100 6 COD 240 150 204 < 250 7 Suspended Solids 50 15 36 < 100 8 Total Dissolved Solids 2500 10000 5500 - 9 Oil & Grease 10 2 6.8 20 10 Phenolic Compounds 2 1 1.6 5 11 Fluorides 1 2 1.4 15 12 Sulphides 0.1 1 0.46 5 13 Ammonical Nitrogen 15 10 13 50 Bio Assay Test 90% survival of fish after 96 hours in 100% effluent 90% survival of fish after 96 hours in 100% effluent 90% survival of fish after 96 hours in 100% effluent 90% survival of fish after 96 hours in 100% effluent 14 Approach to Site WIL is a part of Welspun City located near Varsamedi village, east of Anjar Town. The nearest railway station is Anjar parallel to Anjar Bypass Road in south direction. Pipeline Crosses Railway Line near Adipur. The nearest road connection to the alignment route is the National Highway 8A – Gandhidham Bhuj. The nearest operative Airport is Bhuj Airport which is around 50 km away from the project site in North West direction. Pipeline Details DWC pipe will be laid in gravity from Welspun Premises upto Pumping Station & High Density polyethylene pipes (HDPE) will be laid for conveyance of treated effluents from Pumping Station up to Outfall point in Gulf of Kutch. The capacity of pipeline will be 25 MLD considering for future expansion. The selection of pipe material is such that it has a long life of 50 years and fully KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | APRIL 2015 9 WELSPUN INDIA LTD., KUTCH EIA, EMP, RA & DMP FOR ONSHORE TREATED WASTE WATER DISPOSAL PIPELINE FOR 25 MLD CAPACITY EXECUTIVE SUMMARY resistant to corrosion. The material is viscous elastic in nature and can adjust to the natural ground contours. Need of Preparation of EIA Pipeline corridor lies in CRZ and for the compliance of CRZ Notification (19th February 1991, and its subsequent amendments; it is necessary to take prior CRZ clearance. Project Cost The total cost for the proposed project is estimated about INR 226 Crores including laying of onshore and offshore pipeline, Installation of 30 MLD STP and installation of proposed pumping stations. Fuel and Energy Requirement During the construction phase DG sets will be used for power supply. Diesel will be the primary fuel, driving pipe laying equipments. New pumping station will have one DG Set which will be operational occasionally. Normal pumping will be carried out using PGVCL power supply. The consumption rate and quantity will be finalized after detailed engineering. Diesel storage will be in form of day tank provided along with DG set. The HSD/LDO required will be sourced from a nearby depot Handling and Management of Wastes Construction Phase During construction, solid waste generated will include packaging and wrapping material, used rags and housekeeping waste from the construction sites etc. Contractors will be responsible for disposal / resale of the wastes and these shall be disposed off as per the applicable legislative requirements. The other solid waste generated during construction phase would be the soil excavated during trenching. The excavated soil will be used for refilling to the extent possible. Used oils and other lubricants from equipment will be collected in enclosed container before disposing off to local authorized recyclers as per applicable legislative requirements. Operation Phase The waste generated during the operation phase will be mainly used oil, ETP and STP sludge and chemical sludge. The hazardous waste will be disposed as per hazardous waste management rules while STP sludge will be used as manure. Safety Aspects of Pipeline The following shall be implemented to ensure safety of the pipeline. Pipeline marker signs will be placed where the pipeline crosses rivers or highways and at other major crossings. Line of sight of markers will be maintained. Operators of the pipeline system will be fully informed about general safety aspects. KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | APRIL 2015 10 WELSPUN INDIA LTD., KUTCH EIA, EMP, RA & DMP FOR ONSHORE TREATED WASTE WATER DISPOSAL PIPELINE FOR 25 MLD CAPACITY EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The pipeline will be physically patrolled by ground staff. In addition, during day-to-day operational and maintenance activities, operational staff will keep vigil on all activities occurring around the pipeline and report such activities to the appropriate authorities. The database on which the DMP is programmed will be updated periodically. All the relevant information will be updated as soon as there is some new addition or change in the key aspects of the DMP. DMP and Emergency Response will be fully computerized and integrated with the global database for quickest response. Painting of pipeline appurtenances (valves, meters, etc.) will be performed as necessary to prevent atmospheric corrosion. Safety Aspects at Pumping Stations Safeguards at Pumping Station The Pumping station facilities will be provided with following safety features: Emergency shutdown features. Ventilation of the pump building. Regular inspection and maintenance of equipment. Control and communications equipment. Fencing to reduce the chance of unauthorized entry. All electrical equipment in compliance with Hazardous area classification as per BIS Standards (IS 5572:1994). Proper earthing of station piping, fencing and equipment to discharge fault or induced voltages safely in the event of lightning strike. Fire Fighting Facilities Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) PPE will be made available and required to be worn by all site personnel. The use of PPE will be mandatory. In the event of accidental or mechanical damage, the defective equipment shall be reported to site HSE representative for replacement. Environmental Setting and Impacts due to Project Activities with Mitigation Measures The methodology of EIA is based on the guidelines of the MoEF. The study covered the post monsoon season summer season (Oct-Dec) of 2014; Totaling three months of study. The area within 7 km distance from both sides of pipeline corridor along the entire onshore length of pipeline was considered as study area for establishing the baseline status of environmental parameters. Land use of the study area Land Use The land use and land cover in the region comprises of various categories. Present land use of the study area is given in below table. Table 0-5: Land use of the Study Area KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | APRIL 2015 11 WELSPUN INDIA LTD., KUTCH S. No. EIA, EMP, RA & DMP FOR ONSHORE TREATED WASTE WATER DISPOSAL PIPELINE FOR 25 MLD CAPACITY Level 1 classification Level 2 classification Area, Level 2 classes Ha. ~KM Residential / Commercial 3540.8 35.40 6.89 Industrial 1704.86 17.04 3.32 Crop Land / Fallow Land 8721.1 87.21 16.9 4 Plantation 59.21 0.592 0.12 5 Reservoir/Tank/Pon d/lake 456.0 4.560 0.89 1 2 3 6 Built-up Land or Habitation Agricultural Land 2 ~% River 365.3 3.653 0.71 7 Sea Area 9375 93.74 18.2 8 Creek 1388 13.8 2.70 9 Scrub 10096 100.9 19.6 Open Vegetation 1531. 15.31 2.98 Close Vegetation 235.5 2.355 0.46 12 Mangroves 2958 29.57 5.75 13 Land without Scrubs 992.8 9.928 1.93 Mud Flat 2835 28.34 5.52 15 Salt Affected Land 269.6 2.696 0.52 16 Salt Pan 6279 62.78 12.2 Air-Port 104.12 1.041 0.20 Harbour - Port Land 139.68 1.396 0.27 Quarring 337.73 3.377 0.66 10 11 14 Water Bodies Vegetation Cover Wastelands 17 18 Others 19 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Area, Level 1 classes Ha. ~KM2 ~% 5245.7 52.45 10.2 8780.3 87.803 17.0 11584 115.84 22.5 14820 148.20 28.8 4096 40.96 7.97 6860 68.60 13.3 Source: Based on satellite imagery interpretation and ground truth survey during EIA study. The land will be restored back to near original conditions after completion of construction as in the entire process the pipeline will be buried underground. Direct Impacts on Land Use due to the Project activities during construction phase Construction Phase This will lead to Short term temporary change in land use from land without scrub (LWS) to built up land (pipeline will be laid). Once the pipeline is laid the land will be reversed to its original condition. Suspended bridge will be constructed across the river leaving the river untouched. Supports for suspended bridge will be constructed which will change the land use of small portion of land from LWS to built up land. This activity involves road cutting, very short term change and will be reversed immediately after construction of that portion is over by clearing all solid waste and bringing back the land to its original condition. This will change the land use from vegetation cover to built up land. Change in land use from Mud Flat to built up land.This change will be within 2 x 2 mts which covers 4 sq.mts of the area. KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | APRIL 2015 12 WELSPUN INDIA LTD., KUTCH EIA, EMP, RA & DMP FOR ONSHORE TREATED WASTE WATER DISPOSAL PIPELINE FOR 25 MLD CAPACITY EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Temporary change in land use from vegetation cover (mangroves) to built up land (pipeline will be laid underground). This will be a temporary change as mangroves will regenerate. Temporary change in land use from mud flat to built up land. As the pipeline will be underground the land will come back to its original condition. Operation Phase The land will be restored back to near original conditions after completion of construction as in the entire process the pipeline will be buried underground. No impact on land environment is envisaged during the operation phase. Mitigation Measures Pipeline work will be limited to the demarcated area. Once the Onshore pipeline is laid, the land will be cleared of all waste and restored to its original condition. Once the Offshore pipeline is laid across Mudflat, the site will be cleared of all waste and the land will comeback to its original condition. Once the Offshore pipeline is laid across mangroves, the site will be cleared of all waste and mangroves will regenerate. Climatology – Site Specific Data Site specific meteorological data shows that average wind speed in the post-monsoon season is 3.7 m/s and maximum wind speed of 4.3 m/s. It can be observed that in the post-monsoon season, wind blows mostly from NNE direction. Calm wind contributes to about 0.09%. Average temperature recorded for post-monsoon season was 26.9°C with maximum temperature of 34.8°C and minimum of 24.6°C which is a characteristic of this study area Ambient Air Quality Baseline Scenario Ambient air monitoring was carried out at six stations over post monsoon season of the year 2014 (Oct, Nov, Dec). The monitoring stations were located in such a way so as to get a suitable coverage of ambient air quality data in upwind and downwind directions. The parameters monitored were Particulate Matter (PM10 & PM2.5), Sulphur Dioxide (SO2) and Nitrogen Oxides (NOx) as per the guidelines of MoEF. Analysis results indicated that the levels of these pollutants are within limits specified by the CPCB. Impact due to Project Activities Impact on the air environment due to project activities (during construction phase) would be due to release of particulate matters during excavation works and gaseous pollutants (mainly SOx and NOx) from various earth moving vehicles and machineries. While in operation phase, the only source of air emission will be from the stacks of stand-by D.G. sets. The concentration of possible gaseous pollutants from D.G. set were analyzed for their impacts on the Ground level concentration (GLC) at various receptor locations using the dispersion modeling called AERMOD of the American Meteorological Society/Environmental Protection Agency Regulatory Model Improvement Committee (AERMIC) and guidelines given by the Central Pollution Control Board. KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | APRIL 2015 13 WELSPUN INDIA LTD., KUTCH EIA, EMP, RA & DMP FOR ONSHORE TREATED WASTE WATER DISPOSAL PIPELINE FOR 25 MLD CAPACITY EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The Incremental Ground Level Concentrations (GLC) are given below. Table 0-6: 24 hr Average Incremental Increase in GLC - DG set at Pumping station S. No. 1 2 3 4 5 Name of Village/ Industry (Distance from Pumping station in km/Direction) Gandhidham [5.2 Km, NNW] Adipur village [6.8 Km, NNW] Shinai Village [6.5 Km, WNW] Kidana Village [1.5 Km, NW] Bharapar Village [2.5 Km, SW] Pollutant Average Monitored Baseline Concentration (µg/m3) Incremental GLC (µg/m3) Total Predictive GLC due to proposed project (µg/m3) PM10 91 0.01 91.01 SO2 9.4 0.40 09.80 NOx 15.7 0.10 15.80 PM10 68 0.01 68.01 SO2 9.3 0.4 09.70 NOx 16.2 0.10 16.30 PM10 59 0.00 59.00 SO2 9.5 0.10 09.60 NOx 16.6 0.00 16.60 PM10 63 0.00 63.00 SO2 9.1 0.20 09.30 NOx 16.9 0.00 16.90 PM10 54 0.01 54.01 SO2 9.4 0.50 9.90 NOx 16.4 0.10 16.50 Table 0-7: 24 hr Average Incremental Increase in GLC – DG set at Proposed STP area S. No. 1 2 3 4 5 Name of Village/ Industry (Distance from proposed STP in km/Direction) Pollutant Township near to Welspun facility PM10 [3 Km, NE] Gandhidham [6.6 Km, SE] Adipur village [5.5 Km, SE] Shinai Village [8.5 Km, S] Kidana Village [10 Km, SE] Average Monitored Baseline Concentration (µg/m3) Incremental GLC (µg/m3) Total Predictive GLC due to proposed project (µg/m3) 60 0.01 60.01 SO2 8.8 0.43 9.23 NOx 16.4 0.09 16.49 PM10 91 0.01 91.01 SO2 9.4 0.63 10.03 NOx 15.7 0.14 15.84 PM10 68 0.01 68.01 SO2 9.3 0.73 10.03 NOx 16.2 0.16 16.36 PM10 59 0.00 59.00 SO2 9.5 0.01 9.51 NOx 16.6 0.00 16.6 PM10 63 0.01 63.01 SO2 9.1 0.41 9.51 NOx 16.9 0.09 16.99 Mitigation Measures to be adopted KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | APRIL 2015 14 WELSPUN INDIA LTD., KUTCH EIA, EMP, RA & DMP FOR ONSHORE TREATED WASTE WATER DISPOSAL PIPELINE FOR 25 MLD CAPACITY EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Construction Phase Periodic checks of construction machinery to ensure compliance of emission standards. Water sprinkling on unpaved roads. Operation Phase Greenbelt will be developed at the facility. Attenuation of pollution/protection of receptor through greenbelt/green cover. Regular monitoring of air polluting concentrations. All trucks/tankers shall be PUC Certified from time to time. DG Sets will be operated during power failure only. Noise Environment Baseline Scenario 24 hr noise level readings were taken at seven different locations within the study area. The observations on baseline monitoring are given below. Industrial Zone (At Site near Welspun ETP) - Noise level during day time was observed as 60.73 dB (A) & at night time as 60.10. Both the values are within CPCB Limits. Commercial Zone (Landfall Point, SH6 (nr. IFFCO), Rajvi Railway Crossing & NH-8 (Nr. Indian Oil Petrol Pump)) - Noise level during day time was observed in the range of 54.68 dB (A) to 68.99 dB (A). At two places at Railway crossing & National highway it is found high that may be due to heavy vehicular movement. Noise level during night time varied form 49.88 dB (A) to 66.46 dB (A) the readings observed at night also are above CPCB standards for Commercial Area. Residential area (Near Pumping Station & Kidana village) - Noise level was observed 55.36 & 54.13 respectively in day time while during night time noise level was observed 49.41 to 50.01 dB(A) which are slightly above CPCB standards in residential area. Impact due to Project Activities The source of noise in construction phase is various earth moving vehicles and machineries; while in operation phase it will be only from stand-by D.G. sets. Mitigation Measures to be adopted DG set shall be provided with acoustic enclosures. DG set will be operated only during power failure. Vibration pad shall be proposed to controlling vibration. Tree plantation will be proposed in boundary of the pumping station to control the noise pollution in nearby vicinity. Earplugs will be provided to workers during the operation of DG sets and Pumps. Water Environment Baseline Scenario Ground Water Groundwater samples were collected from eight different locations. Analysis results of the samples were compared with the specified limit for drinking water as per IS: 10500. It was observed that KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | APRIL 2015 15 WELSPUN INDIA LTD., KUTCH EIA, EMP, RA & DMP FOR ONSHORE TREATED WASTE WATER DISPOSAL PIPELINE FOR 25 MLD CAPACITY EXECUTIVE SUMMARY TDS is found above desirable limits in all the samples, at Welspun Township & Tuna Port TDS is found very high above Permissible Limits. Chlorides are also above desirable limits in all the samples; at Welspun Township & Tuna Port Cholrides are found above Permissible Limits. Total Hardness observed high (i.e. above desirable levels) in all the samples except the one at Shinay Village ; at Welspun Township, Bharapar & Tuna Port it is found above Permissible limits. Sulphate content is also found above desirable limits in samples collected from Site, Adipur Village, Kidana, Bharapar & Tuna Port; out of which at Welspun Township & Tuna Port it is above permissible limit. Fluoride content is found high (above desirable levels) in all the samples except at Gandhidham but all are within permissible limits. Calcium is found high (above desirable levels) at Welspun Township, Kidana, Bharapar & tuna port out of which at Tuna Port & near township it is above permissible limit. Magnesium is above desirable levels in all the samples except in the sample taken at Shinai village out of which samples taken at site, bharapar & tuna Port are above permissible limits. Total Nitrogen is above desirable limits in the samples taken at Welspun Township, Gandhidham, Adipur, Kidana & Bharapar. The high values of TDS are due to formational salinity which is also a cause of high content of chlorides & sulphates. Total Coliform and faecal coliform count at all locations are absent. Surface Water Surface water samples were collected from six different locations including sea water. The baseline quality of water based on the results of the Surface water quality monitoring within the study area, it is observed that Total Coliform and faecal coliform observed higher than the desirable and permissible limits at all locations. BOD is observed above limits in all the samples. Except at Kidana Pond TDS is also above limits in all the samples. Impact due to Project Activities As the closed pipeline will carry treated effluent in operation phase, there will be substantially positive impact on water environment of surrounding water body. Mitigation measures The proposed pipeline project will ensure disposal of treated effluents into deep sea in closed conduit without any leakages which will improve the water quality of Nakti Creek and general environment at large. Land Environment Baseline Scenario KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | APRIL 2015 16 WELSPUN INDIA LTD., KUTCH EIA, EMP, RA & DMP FOR ONSHORE TREATED WASTE WATER DISPOSAL PIPELINE FOR 25 MLD CAPACITY EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Surface soil samples were collected from seven different locations. These were analyzed for a range of parameters specified in the EIA manual published by MoEF. The observations on soil quality are as below. The porosity ranged from 46% (Adipur village) to 56% (Nr.Port) and WHC varied from 31.91% (Adipur village) to 50.91% (nr.Tuna Port).The soil permeability was good which ranged from 14.94 mm/hr (Kidana village) to 21.13 mm/hr (Adipur village) indicating that soils are having sand to sandy loam texture and even sandy clay loam texture showed good permeability probably due to presence high amount of organic matter in the soils. Soil pH varied from 6.88 (Nr. Tuna Port) to 7.3 (Bharapar Village). Impact due to Project Activities After laying of pipeline, trench will be backfilled and top soil spread on it hence there will not be significant impact on land environment. Mitigation Measures to be adopted The top soil generated during the excavation work will be used for low lying area for filling purpose. Efforts shall be made to prevent accidental spillage of any oil/grease from construction materials and during equipment maintenance. Solid waste generated during the construction activity will be disposed authorized vendors and as per GPCB rules. The greenbelt area shall be delineated before starting of earth work. Tree plantation (large size species) shall be done in this area so that they would grow to considerable size by the time of commissioning of the proposed project. The plantation shall be maintained without disturbance during construction period Socio-Economic Profile The following are the positive impacts predicted during the construction & Operation period: Construction Phase The proposed activities will generate indirect employment in the region due to the requirement of workers in site preparation activities, supply of raw material, auxiliary and ancillary works, which would marginally improve the economic status of the people. The activities would result in an increase in local skill levels through exposure to site activities and technology. Residential/built-up land will not be acquired for the proposed pipeline; hence rehabilitation and resettlement will not be associated with the project. There will not be major changes in the land use pattern. The proposed project activities do not involve loss or disturbance to sensitive areas and cultural heritage. Operation Phase Benefits due to disposal of wastewater in deep sea will reduce the pollution in the estuary portion of Nakti Creek. No adverse impact is expected on sanitation and community health. KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | APRIL 2015 17 WELSPUN INDIA LTD., KUTCH EIA, EMP, RA & DMP FOR ONSHORE TREATED WASTE WATER DISPOSAL PIPELINE FOR 25 MLD CAPACITY EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Biological Environment Construction Phase Since laying of the pipeline will be carried out using environmentally suitable techniques depending on the sensitivity of local area, no interference with the aquatic environment is envisaged during construction phase. There may require some tree cutting to clear the path, for which compensated plantation will be carried out. Negligible impact on aquatic ecology is expected during construction phase of the proposed pipeline, but this will be for limited period. Operation Phase During the operation phase only pumping station will be run which will not have any impact on aquatic environment. The only possible impacting source will be leakage of pipeline, but this will be detected and immediate action will be taken against it Also There is no ecologically important area (e.g. National Park, Sanctuary) in the study area so impact on such areas is not expected Occupational Health and Risk to Surrounding Communities General Safety Measures Considering the various chemicals handled and stored at site; following safety measures will be provided at the site. Requisite personnel protective equipment shall be provided. Instruction/Notice to wear the same will be displayed. Further, it will be insisted to use the same while at work. Provision of safety shower with eye washer. MSDS of all hazardous chemicals will be available at office and with responsible persons. Antidotes for all chemicals being used as per MSDS will be available at the site. Regular training programme for safety awareness. Provisions of First Aid Box and trained person in first aid. Prohibition on eating, drinking or smoking at work-area. Any leakage/spillage of liquid chemical shall be immediately attended. Work area will be monitored to maintain work environment free from any dust/chemicalsfumes/vapours and to keep well within below permissible limit. Provision of adequate Fire Extinguishers at site and training will be imparted to the workers also. Maintaining the Fire-Protection System adequately. Availability of Self Breathing Apparatus at site. Provisions of immediate accident/incident reporting and investigation. Instructions on Emergency/Disaster will be displayed. Safety Posters and slogans will be exhibited at conspicuous places. Arrangement of Periodical Training to workers and supervisors. Work permit systems will be strictly followed Safety Committee will be constituted and safety, health and environmental matters/issues will be discussed in the meeting and enlighten the participants in these respect. KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | APRIL 2015 18 WELSPUN INDIA LTD., KUTCH EIA, EMP, RA & DMP FOR ONSHORE TREATED WASTE WATER DISPOSAL PIPELINE FOR 25 MLD CAPACITY EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Mitigation Measures Medical checkup would be carried out, During site preparation proper care would be taken by Welspun, appropriate PPEs will be provided to site workers and staff members, Appropriate personnel protective clothing to be used to prevent skin contact. Safety Goggles will be used to prevent eye contact. Hand gloves of natural rubber, neoprene, and polyvinyl chloride will be used as and when required Acoustic enclosures will be provided to DG sets and other noise generating equipment Welspun will develop and implement a spill management plan to prevent risk of spill which may cause health problem. Consequence Assessment and Disaster Management Plan Consequence analysis of all possible containment scenarios was carried out using DNV Technical Software (PHAST). Credible release scenarios for HSD have been considered. Project Benefits Elimination of pollution of estuary waters due to disposal of untreated sewage. Thus improving the environment at large in the estuary portion of Nakti creek. Treated waste water along with the rejects from RO will be disposed of into sea matching the sea disposal norms. Treated waters will be diffused through a scientifically designed diffuser system into deep marine waters as per NIO recommendations and not disposed in the estuary / creek portion. Fresh Water Conservation – Additional requirement will be fulfilled by recycling treated sewage waters. Conservation of fresh water sources will provide sustainable water infrastructure to surrounding villages and locals, other industries of the region. The proposed activity will generate indirect employment in the surrounding area due to requirement of workers in the site preparation activities, supply of materials, auxiliary and ancillary works, which would marginally improve the economic status of the people. The activities would result in an increase local skill levels through exposure to site activities and technology. Environmental Management Plan Environment management cell will be created and specific responsibilities will be assigned to various members. Environment monitoring plan will be prepared for air, water and land pollution. Regular monitoring of pollutants will be undertaken during the post-operational phase of the project and the monitoring locations will be finalized in consultation with the GPCB. Safety aspects related to personnel and operation will be taken into consideration. Conclusions KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | APRIL 2015 19 WELSPUN INDIA LTD., KUTCH EIA, EMP, RA & DMP FOR ONSHORE TREATED WASTE WATER DISPOSAL PIPELINE FOR 25 MLD CAPACITY EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Due to the temporary nature of the pipeline laying/construction operations, impacts are likely to be short term and that shall be most significant. The most positive impact of the proposed pipeline project is improvement of water quality of surface water sources and general environment at large. No any Eco sensitive areas excluding mangroves as well Eco sensitive zone is covered in entire Pipeline route. The negative impacts during the construction period are very minimal and which is temporary. The entire stretch of the creek and marine environment will be protected and will have a positive impact on the fields, flora and fauna. The mangroves are saved and protected, which is a very positive action to protect environment. Thus, it can be concluded on a positive note that after the implementation of mitigation measures and EMP, the proposed activities of the project will have negligible impact on environment and will benefit the local people. Overall Positive Impact: 1. Reduction of pollution of estuary waters due to disposal of untreated sewage. Thus improving the environment at large in the estuary portion of Nakti creek. 2. Treated waste water along with the rejects from RO will be disposed of into sea matching the sea disposal norms. 3. Treated waters will be diffused through a scientifically designed diffuser system into deep marine waters as per NIO recommendations and not disposed in the estuary / creek portion. 4. Fresh Water Conservation – Additional requirement will be fulfilled by recycling treated sewage waters. Conservation of fresh water sources will provide sustainable water infrastructure to surrounding villages and locals, other industries of the region. KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | APRIL 2015 20 WELSPUN INDIA LTD., KUTCH 1 EIA, EMP, RA & DMP FOR ONSHORE TREATED WASTE WATER DISPOSAL PIPELINE FOR 25 MLD CAPACITY INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND 1.1 Purpose of the Report In order to sustain the water management in the area of Kutch and future growth of the company, M/s Welspun India Ltd (WIL) under the Clean Environment Campaign of Government of India has decided to set up a 30 MLD Sewage treatment plant (in Ist Phase) at Anjar and reuse the entire city sewage of Anjar and Gandhidham-Adipur for their plant use. Treated sewage waters from the STP will be further subjected to RO for reuse of permeates; thereby conserving the fresh water resources of Narmada. This conservation of fresh water source can be utilized by other industries and community leading to environmental benefits in the region as well as enhancing its own capacity to use the treated waters. M/s Welspun India Ltd. (WIL) thereby intends to lay a pipeline conveyance system (Onshore + Offshore) in order to convey and dispose their surplus treated waste water + RO Rejects from STP treatment into deep sea off Nakti Creek in Gulf of Kutch, meeting the sea discharge norms. The present report is prepared as a part of EIA study conducted for CRZ Clearance Process for the proposed disposal pipeline as per CRZ Notification 2011. The purpose of EIA study report is as under: Provide essential documentation required as part of the regulatory Environmental Compliance. Form a reliable decision making tool for Regulators including the Expert Committee – GCZMA, Gujarat and Infrastructure & Misc Projects + CRZ Committee (MOEF) at New Delhi. Form a basis for post project monitoring of the project to ensure that the commitments made as a part of the Environmental and Social Management plan are actually implemented and results in desired form outcomes. The EIA report has been prepared based on field studies, monitoring work and relevant analysis carried out by Kadam Environmental Consultants (“Kadam”) for Baseline identification and Impact analysis, Mitigation Plan, Risk Analysis and DMP for Onshore Portion of the pipeline alignment; as a part of CRZ Clearance process as per CRZ Notification 2011. Marine EIA Study for Offshore Portion has been carried out by National Institute of Oceanography (NIO), Mumbai and is a separate document. 1.2 About The Client “Welspun Group” The USD 3.5 billion Welspun group is one of India’s fastest growing conglomerates, having registered a growth of 30% over the last decade. Welspun presence is spread across six business viz., vertices pipes, plates & coil; home textiles; steels; infrastructure; and energy. Welspun are also among the recognized world leaders in the fields of pipe and home textiles. As a group, they possess a strong foothold in more than 50 countries, employing over 24,000 people. The group has business dealings with companies across the globe, including a number of marquee clients, covering most of the fortune 100 companies in the oil & gas and retail sectors. Among the group’s subsidiaries is Welspun tubular LLC, Welspun Middle East and Welspun UK. Welspun has a KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | APRIL 2015 21 WELSPUN INDIA LTD., KUTCH EIA, EMP, RA & DMP FOR ONSHORE TREATED WASTE WATER DISPOSAL PIPELINE FOR 25 MLD CAPACITY INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND diversified manufacturing base with core facilities in Anjar, Gujarat; as well as other parts in India, USA and Saudi Arabia. Welspun group of companies are as below: Welspun Corp Ltd. Welspun Corp. Ltd (WCL) is the flagship company of Welspun group and is a global giant in the large diameter line pipe segment. Over the last 15 years, the company has emerged as a leading name in the industry and today offers a one-stop solution with its wide range of products. having a profile of clients coming from amongst the fortune 100 companies especially in the oil and gas sector, Welspun corp. has established itself as a recognized brand when it comes to supplying pipes to some of the most challenging projects in the world. The company has modern manufacturing facilities in India, USA and Saudi for longitudinal (Lsaw), spiral (Hsaw) and Hferw / Hfiw pipes. Offering the complete range of high grade line pipes ranging from ½ inch to 121 inches for transmission of oil & gas. Welspun corp also provides coating, bending and double jointing facilities to its clientele. The company is accredited with ISO 9001, ISO 14001 and OHSAS 18001 certifications. Welspun Steel Ltd. Welspun Steel Ltd. (WSL) is a leading manufacturer of quality products like ISI certified TMT Rebar’s as well as ingots, billets, blooms and rolled bars in rounds, round corner squares & seamless pipes / tubes. The company has its expertise in alloys and high grade steels at our 60,000 MTPA state-ofthe-art facility in Anjar. WSL supplies quality and engineering grade steel, carbon and alloy steels used mainly for automanufacturing / auto components and other engineering applications. Welspun Projects Ltd. Welspun Projects Ltd. (WPL) is a niche player in the construction industry for the past 35 years. with the groups’ rich experience of executing EPC contracts and WPL’s legacy of being in the business of EPC projects across various sectors like roads, water, industrial structures and some projects through PPP, the company is set to play a larger role in the infrastructure space. WPL has executed infrastructure projects such as highways, bridges, industrial, residential and commercial buildings. Welspun Energy Pvt. Ltd. Welspun Renewable Energy Pvt. Ltd. (WEPL) and Welspun are spearheading India’s quest for all round sustainable development. WREPL is setting up India’s largest clean energy projects to meet global and domestic green energy capacity and climate change mitigation targets. WEPL has been constructing renewable energy projects through its strong engineering, procurement & construction (EPC) capabilities. Welspun are growing rapidly as planned to spread our footprint throughout the country. Within a short span of our existence, Welspun have pioneered solar & wind power solutions, both in terms of plant size and total installed capacity. Welspun have time & again demonstrated our ability to design, engineer and build renewable projects with high performance outputs and low cost - delivery period. Welspun projects are among the highest generating ones in the country. KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | APRIL 2015 22 WELSPUN INDIA LTD., KUTCH EIA, EMP, RA & DMP FOR ONSHORE TREATED WASTE WATER DISPOSAL PIPELINE FOR 25 MLD CAPACITY INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND Welspun India Ltd. WIL is a fully integrated home textile manufacturer. It is one of the largest global home textile players, with world class manufacturing facilities in India. Besides, the company was ranked 1st in the top 15 supplier giants (USA) by home textiles today magazine, January 2013. Today, WIL holds an undoubted global leader position owing to its willingness to embrace new technologies and develop innovative products. with a network across 32 countries, the company offers the entire range of home textile products to consumers from almost every corner of the world and are one of the trusted suppliers to many of the top retailers in the us and Europe. Welspun India also owns leading brands like Christy, hydro comfort and others. It has modern manufacturing facilities at Anjar and Vapi in Gujarat, India where it produces the entire range of home textiles for bed & bath category. Welspun India ltd. also owns the following home textile brands 1.3 Introduction to Welspun City, Anjar – Project Proponent Welspun has their major facilities located at Anjar, Kutch, called as “Welspun City” for manufacturing Textiles, Pipes and Steel in form of their group companies namely: 1.4 Welspun Corp Ltd (Plate and Pipeline), Welspun India Ltd (Textile Division) & Welspun Steel Ltd (Sponge Iron Plant with Captive Power Plant) Welspun Captive Power Generation Ltd (Power Plant) Welspun Gujarat Stahl Rohen Ltd – (Standby Power Plant) Identification of the Project Out of the five group companies at Anjar, Welspun India Ltd (Textile Division) (WIL) is engaged in TERRY TOWEL & FABRIC PROCESSING. As a part of Environmental Conservation Measure WIL has set up a state of the art Waste Water Recovery Plant of capacity 10 MLD at Anjar Campus, which takes care of both the Textiles and Pipe Plant effluents. It is one of the largest waste water recovery plant in textile industry having series of treatment stages including screening, primary, secondary biological and tertiary treatments and advanced treatment technologies of Ultra Filtration and Reverse Osmosis and Evaporation Systems. This set up recycles and reuses 95% of the waste water and there by conserves water usage in the already water starved location of Anjar Kutch. Welspun, as an Environmental Control Measure, intends to recycle and reuse sewage waters of city of Anjar and Gandhidham-Adipur, brought to the premises and treated in a separate Ultra-modern Sewage Treatment Facility and further subjected to Ultra Filtration and Reverse Osmosis for recycling and reuse; in order to meet their shortages as well as future needs of raw water. The Rejects from RO along with the treated waste water from the Common ETP, matching the norms for sea disposal will be conveyed and disposed of into Deep Sea via an Onshore + Offshore Pipeline off Nakti Creek in Gulf of Kutch. KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | APRIL 2015 23 WELSPUN INDIA LTD., KUTCH EIA, EMP, RA & DMP FOR ONSHORE TREATED WASTE WATER DISPOSAL PIPELINE FOR 25 MLD CAPACITY INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND Since the pipeline laying activity falls within the coastal CRZ Areas of the Nakti Creek in Gulf of Kutch, it attracts the CRZ Notification 2011 requiring an EiA study to be carried out for the pipeline activity for CRZ areas. 1.5 Project Advantages 5. Reduction of pollution of estuary waters due to disposal of untreated sewage. Thus improving the environment at large in the estuary portion of Nakti creek. 6. Treated waste water along with the rejects from RO will be disposed of into sea matching the sea disposal norms. 7. Treated waters will be diffused through a scientifically designed diffuser system into deep marine waters as per NIO recommendations and not disposed in the estuary / creek portion. 8. Fresh Water Conservation – Additional requirement will be fulfilled by recycling treated sewage waters. Conservation of fresh water sources will provide sustainable water infrastructure to surrounding villages and locals, other industries of the region. 1.6 Project information The project broadly consists of Laying of Treated Waste Water Disposal Pipeline for 25 MLD capacity off Coastal Waters of Nakti Creek, Gulf of Kutch (up to the disposal point as suggested by NIO as a part of Marine EIA Study Report). 1.7 Project Components The treated waste water disposal pipeline is divided into three components as follows: Table 1-1: Components of Treated Waste Water disposal pipeline Sr. No. Description Starting/End point Location Length of Conveyance System Design Capacity (MLD) (Km) 1 Segment 1: Onshore Pipeline – 715 mm diameter (DWC Pipe) Gravity Pipeline Route - Starting from Welspun Premises Upto Prabhat Road Junction following the route of rising main of sewage pumping to recycling plant, further via Kidana Road upto PS 4 location. Lat Longs N - 230 07’ 7.73”, E - 700 04’ 42.15” 15.3 25 2 Pumping Station Located in 5 acres of land at Pumping Station (PS) 4 location of Gandhidham – Adipur Nagarpalika Lat Longs N 230 01’ 23.70”, E 700 07’ 9.89” - 25 3 Segment 2: Onshore Section – Along Sakar Drainage further parallel to Bharapar 5.86 25 KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | APRIL 2015 24 WELSPUN INDIA LTD., KUTCH Sr. No. EIA, EMP, RA & DMP FOR ONSHORE TREATED WASTE WATER DISPOSAL PIPELINE FOR 25 MLD CAPACITY Description Starting/End point Location Length of Conveyance System INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND Design Capacity (MLD) (Km) 4 Onshore Pipeline – 500 mm diameter (HDPE Pipe) upto LFP Road and crossing the proposed Railway line to Tuna Port up to LFP location Landfall Point (LFP) – Lat Longs N 220 58’ 49.15”, E 700 06’ 43.55” Segment 3: Offshore Pipeline – 500 mm diameter from LFP to Diffuser Location Offshore Section – From LFP 2 via Nakti Creek up to outfall point as per NIO’s Recommendations Lat Longs N 220 54’ 52.0”, E 700 09’ 18.0” Total Pipeline Length 1.8 8.92 25 30.08 Km 25 Location of Study Area The study area is located in Anjar starting from the Welspun City and extends further down upto the Nakti Creek, via Adipur, Gandhidham towns on south side beyond Bharapar Village near the salt pans where Landfall point is located. The outfall point is located at the mouth of Nakti Creek in Gulf of Kutch near the Tuna Port in Kutch. 1.9 Appointment of Consultants As a part of the project development and getting the necessary CRZ Clearance, Welspun India Ltd appointed Kadam Environmental Consultants “Kadam” as their project consultants for design and engineering, tendering & supervision services for project execution works and importantly getting the necessary CRZ clearance for the project. 1.10 Scope of EIA Work The detailed scope of the EIA Study included the following: 1.10.1 Baseline Environmental Monitoring Conducting baseline monitoring for various environmental indices / parameters as under: Air Environment Collection of surface meteorological data like wind speed, wind direction, dry bulb temperature, wet bulb temperature, relative humidity, rainfall and cloud cover in the study area during the period of survey. Measurement of 24 hourly average background concentration levels of PM10, PM2.5, SO2 and NOx. Noise Environment Monitoring of noise levels in the study area KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | APRIL 2015 25 WELSPUN INDIA LTD., KUTCH EIA, EMP, RA & DMP FOR ONSHORE TREATED WASTE WATER DISPOSAL PIPELINE FOR 25 MLD CAPACITY INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND Water Environment Collection and analysis of surface and ground water samples within the study area. Land Environment Sampling and analysis of soil samples within the study area as per land use plan. Biological Environment Study of terrestrial and aquatic flora-fauna in the study area Land Use Preparation of land use (based on Google Satellite Imagery) in 7 Km radius of the onshore pipeline line alignment. Performing ground truth survey for checking of the land use in the study area. Interpretation of land use study. Socio-economic Environment Collection of baseline data including demographic details and amenities in the study area Impact Assessment and Preparation of EMP This includes the following: Impact assessment of the proposed activities on the various environmental parameters Preparation of an Environmental Management Plan (EMP) to minimize the adverse impacts and maximize the positive impacts of the project. Preparation of an implementation programme for the EMP Preparation of post project monitoring programme 1.10.2 Risk Assessment and Disaster Management Plan This includes the following: Level 1: Hazard Identification General description of project. Study of operational information, including safety concepts used. Listing of key plant equipment Listing of hazardous inventory and identification of key hazardous substances to be used. Identification of Maximum Credible Loss Scenarios (MCLS) using standard techniques. Level 2: Hazard Assessment Estimate loss quantities for given scenarios and conditions. Analysis and quantification of primary effects (consequences) of identified MCLS, in terms of distances to radiation, overpressure or toxic endpoint. Level 3: Development of DMP Development of DMP report using standard procedures for the purpose. Level 4: Recommendations Recommendations to reduce the probability or consequence of hazards studied and for implementation of the DMP. These are given on the basis of the study findings and professional judgment. KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | APRIL 2015 26 WELSPUN INDIA LTD., KUTCH EIA, EMP, RA & DMP FOR ONSHORE TREATED WASTE WATER DISPOSAL PIPELINE FOR 25 MLD CAPACITY INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND 1.11 Methodology 1.11.1 Methodology of Environmental Impact Assessment The methodology of EIA followed was based on the guidelines of EIA study given by MoEF. The study covered the Post Monsoon Season (October, November, and December, 2014). The area of 7 Km (radius) from the pipeline on both sides along entire length from Welspun ETP areas upto Pumping Station and further upto Land Fall Point (LFP) is considered as study area. This study area was restricted to on-shore portion of pipeline for establishing the baseline status of environmental parameters. The study was carried out in various stages as described in the subsequent paragraphs. Pre-impact Assessment Baseline information with respect to air, noise, and water and land quality in study area was collected by conducting sampling / field studies / baseline monitoring. The characteristics of baseline status of study area with respect to the following environmental parameters were studied: Ambient air quality Noise Ground water and surface water quality Soil quality Land use pattern Flora and Fauna Socio-economic conditions Identification of Impacts/ Mitigation Measures Proposed activities were identified and analyzed for their impacts on environmental parameters. Impacts on ambient air quality were identified based on the USEPA dispersion models and guidelines published by the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB). The cause and effect relationship between activities and the environmental parameters are represented in the form of matrix. Environmental Management Plan After assessing the environmental impacts of the project, an environment management plan was prepared to minimize the adverse impacts and maximize the positive fallout of the proposed project. This was done after evaluating several options for efficacy in environmental management. 1.11.2 Methodology of Risk Assessment and Disaster Management Plan The methodology of the study for risk assessment conforms to national and international rules, regulations, standards, guidelines and codes of practices. Software used is PHAST, version 6.51 (used for consequence assessment), prepared by DNV Technica, UK and approved for usage as per MoEF’s EIA Guidelines, 2001. Following is a brief summary of the methodology adopted: Identification of Hazardous Inventories Hazardous inventories include materials that are toxic, flammable or both. This includes fuel stored at the project area. The quantities of these inventories and their possible modes of failure KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | APRIL 2015 27 WELSPUN INDIA LTD., KUTCH EIA, EMP, RA & DMP FOR ONSHORE TREATED WASTE WATER DISPOSAL PIPELINE FOR 25 MLD CAPACITY INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND considering their use and storage practices have been assessed. From these, worst-case release scenarios have been identified. MCLS Development Based on the above hazard identification studies, MCLS’ have been developed. Computer Modeling of MCLS The MCLS have been subjected to quantify the scenarios, consequence analysis by fire, fire ball, flash fire, explosion and dispersion modeling using advanced software modules conforming to internationally publish mathematical models. Incorporation of Results in Development of DMP report The results of the previous work (the risk assessment or RA component) have been utilized in the preparation of the DMP, which includes a skeletal onsite emergency plan. KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | APRIL 2015 28 WELSPUN INDIA LTD., KUTCH 2 EIA, EMP, RA & DMP FOR ONSHORE TREATED WASTE WATER DISPOSAL PIPELINE FOR 25 MLD CAPACITY PROJECT DESCRIPTION PROJECT DESCRIPTION 2.1 Type of Project The project principally involves Laying of Treated waste water disposal pipeline onshore and offshore into sea off Nakti Creek, Gulf of Kutch from Welspun City Anjar premises, Kutch. 2.2 Welspun City Welspun City, situated in Anjar Town, is a diversified manufacturing base spread over 2500 acres, which was established in 2004. It presently employs more than 25,000 locals at its facility in Anjar. The Welspun Group of Companies harbors the following companies at its Anjar facility: Welspun Corp Ltd (Plate and Pipeline), Welspun India Ltd (Textile Division) & Welspun Steel Ltd (Sponge Iron Plant with Captive Power Plant) Welspun Captive Power Generation Ltd (Power Plant) Welspun Gujarat Stahl Rohen Ltd – (Standby Power Plant) Valid Consent conditions are available for all the plants in Welspun City. The consent copy is presented at Annexure 1 of this report. The proposed project of deep sea pipeline is taken up in Welsun India Ltd (Textile Division) and hence the Consent Conditions of Welspun India Ltd are considered to be applicable. Welspun India Ltd (WIL) is engaged in production of terry towels, linens and has a full fledged Common ETP, where all the waste waters generated from the plants are treated. 2.2.1 Approach to Welspun City WIL is a part of Welspun City located near Varsamedi village, east of Anjar Town. The nearest railway station is Anjar in south direction. Pipeline Crosses Railway Line near Adipur. The nearest road connection to the Welspun city is the National Highway 8A – Gandhidham Bhuj. The nearest operative Airport is Bhuj Airport which is around 50 km away from the project site in North West direction. The Google Image of Welspun City with surroundings is presented in Figure 2-1 below: KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | APRIL 2015 29 WELSPUN INDIA LTD., KUTCH EIA, EMP, RA & DMP FOR ONSHORE TREATED WASTE WATER DISPOSAL PIPELINE FOR 25 MLD CAPACITY PROJECT DESCRIPTION Figure 2-1: Google Map showing Welspun City Welspun City 2.3 Production Process and Zero Discharge Facility at Welspun India Ltd Welspun India Ltd (WIL) is engaged in production of the following at the Anjar Premises: Table 2-1: Products Manufactured & Quantity at WIL premsies Sr. No Products Total Quantity 1 Terry Towels 4830 MT/M 2 Bed Sheets 9100000 Meters/M 3 Cotton Yarn 3720 MT/M 4 Fiber Yarn 2333 MT/M 5 Cotton Tarpaulin 418 MT/M 6 Garments 100000 Pcs/M 7 Knitted Garments 900000 Pcs/M The production process involves bleaching, dyeing & finishing operations of Terry towel, printing and finishing of the material. WIL is the major effluent generation unit as it manufactures textiles terry towels and has a state of the art Common Effluent Treatment Plant with Zero Discharge facility leading to recycling and reuse of treated waste waters. The basis of design of the Common Effluent treatment plant is presented in Table 2-2 as under: KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | APRIL 2015 30 WELSPUN INDIA LTD., KUTCH EIA, EMP, RA & DMP FOR ONSHORE TREATED WASTE WATER DISPOSAL PIPELINE FOR 25 MLD CAPACITY PROJECT DESCRIPTION Table 2-2: Design Basis for Common ETP at WIL premises Sr. No Parameters Units Influent Characteristics 15000 Treated Effluent Characteristics 15000 1 Design Flow m3/day 2 pH 10 – 12 7.0 – 7.5 3 Temperature Deg C 45 - 50 < 30 4 5 Total suspended solids mg/l 200 – 300 < 50 COD mg/l 2500 < 240 6 BOD5 mg/l 850 < 75 7 Ammonical Nitrogen mg/l 30 – 40 < 15 8 Phosphate mg/l 5 – 10 <5 9 Phenolic compounds mg/l 3–5 <2 10 Oil & Grease mg/l < 20 < 10 11 Total Dissolved Solids mg/l 2700 2500 12 Fluorides mg/l 2 <1 2.4 Present Constraints faced in terms of Fresh Water Availability at Welspun City, Anjar Based on the current water consumption data Welspun City utilizes around 16.4 MLD of raw water. Source of water is Narmada Canal of GWIL. The permission for getting water from GWIL is to the tune of 20.5 MLD. Out of the above total water requirement highlighted above, major water consumption and waste water generation is in Welspun India Ltd (Textile Division). The textile unit has an existing Common ETP with zero liquid discharge UF and RO of 10 MLD design capacity; based on which recycling and reuse of treated waste waters to the tune of 8 MLD is re utilized. This reduces current fresh water requirement of Welspun to an average of 8.4 MLD. However there is an inconsistent supply from GWIL as observed. WIL has also opted for recycling of sewage from Anjar to the tune of around 1.5 - 3 MLD, as and when required, during shortage of fresh water from GWIL. 2.4.1 Water Consumption from GWIL for Welspun City Data on Water Consumption readings from GWIL for last two years are presented in Table 2-3 as below: Table 2-3: Water Consumption from GWIL by Welspun City Month Total Qty (KL) Average Qty per day (KL) Jan-13 432879 14429.3 Feb-13 381540 12718 Mar-13 448418 14947.27 Apr-13 180589 6019.633 May-13 195048 6501.6 Jun-13 283471 9449.033 Jul-13 339943 11331.43 KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | APRIL 2015 31 WELSPUN INDIA LTD., KUTCH EIA, EMP, RA & DMP FOR ONSHORE TREATED WASTE WATER DISPOSAL PIPELINE FOR 25 MLD CAPACITY PROJECT DESCRIPTION Month Total Qty (KL) Average Qty per day (KL) Aug-13 287646 9588.2 Sep-13 250960 8365.333 Oct-13 318285 10609.5 Nov-13 343271 11442.37 Dec-13 420053 Average Per Month in 2013 14001.77 10783 (10.78 MLD) Jan-14 355131 11837.7 Feb-14 368920 12297.33 Mar-14 271399 9046.633 Apr-14 205226 6840.867 May-14 132916 4430.533 Jun-14 185708 6190.267 Jul-14 160900 5363.333 Aug-14 264500 8816.667 Sep-14 341661 11388.7 Oct-14 459860 15328.67 Nov-14 299370 9979 Dec-14 339155 11305.17 9402 (9.4 MLD) Average Per Month in 2013 Jan-15 266452 8881.733 Feb-15 96873 3229.1 Average Per Month in 2013 6055 (6.05 MLD) From the table above it can be seen that GWIL water availability is inconsistent and its received quantity is reducing per year. Reliability of the source cannot be considered for expansion of the Plant premises. Hence this concept of recycling of treated sewage from Gandhidham-Adipur and Anjar Nagarpalika is adopted for meeting the future water requirement needs and conservation of fresh water sources. 2.5 Need for Recycling of Water and Sea Discharge Option of treated waste water as a Sustainable Environmental Management Activity at WIL. Currently the total water demand for Welspun city is around 16.4 MLD which includes use in industrial processes and for drinking & sanitary purposes. Welspun mainly satisfies its water demand by obtaining water from the Narmada River, supplied by the GWIL. Existing Water Balance diagram of Welspun City is presented in Figure 2-2 as below: KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | APRIL 2015 32 WELSPUN INDIA LTD., KUTCH EIA, EMP, RA & DMP FOR ONSHORE TREATED WASTE WATER DISPOSAL PIPELINE FOR 25 MLD CAPACITY PROJECT DESCRIPTION Figure 2-2: Existing Water Balance Diagram of Welspun City KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | APRIL 2015 33 WELSPUN INDIA LTD., KUTCH EIA, EMP, RA & DMP FOR ONSHORE TREATED WASTE WATER DISPOSAL PIPELINE FOR 25 MLD CAPACITY PROJECT DESCRIPTION Being a Zero Liquid Discharge plant, wastewater recycle & reuse and rainwater harvesting are practised at the Anjar unit of Welspun. Narmada river water is directed to a storage tank of 20 ML capacity located within the premises of Welspun industries. Other than the storage tank of 20 ML capacity, the excess water is diverted to WIL lagoon of 100 ML capacity and Welspun lagoon of 3000 ML capacity. Gujarat Water & Infrastructure Limited (GWIL), supplies raw Narmada water to the region, however, the same is becoming a challenge for the industries and its growth. Also presently, no Municipal Sewage Treatment Plant is available in the city of Anjar, Gandhidham & Adipur. Large quantity of untreated sewage generated in Anjar, Adipur & Gandhidham region is causing environmental damage & health related problems to the residence of these cities. The untreated sewage flows to the agricultural lands and other water bodies causing environmental concerns. Looking to the above and also present inconsistency of fresh water availability, further expansion needs, Welspun India Ltd has decided recycle and reuse sewage waters of Gandhidham-Adipur and Anjar towns back to the industrial use by putting up a Sewage Treatment Plant and recycling of treated sewage waters after UF and RO system. Thus as a part of Clean Environment campaign by Government of India, WIL has decided to set up a 30 MLD Sewage treatment plant (in Ist Phase) at Anjar and reuse the entire city sewage for in plant use after the RO process. The present Zero discharge option adopted at WIL will not solve this concept. The reuse of entire sewage waters for plant use will be feasible only if the surplus waters from RO Rejects along with the biologically treated waste waters from the Common Effluent Treatment plant are adopted to sea discharge meeting the marine discharge norms. Thus Sea Discharge option will be a feasible solution to this concept. 2.6 The Project Future Water Consumption and Utilization by Welspun City is proposed to the tune of 42.4 MLD looking to expansions anticipated all the plants including new Steel Billets Plant under Welspun Steels Ltd. A proposed Water Balance diagram with expansion needs highlighting the recycling and reuse of sewage waters and sea discharge option with surplus RO Rejects along with treated waste waters is presented in Figure 2.3 as below KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | APRIL 2015 34 WELSPUN INDIA LTD., KUTCH EIA, EMP, RA & DMP FOR ONSHORE TREATED WASTE WATER DISPOSAL PIPELINE FOR 25 MLD CAPACITY PROJECT DESCRIPTION Figure 2-3: Proposed Water Balance Diagram of Welspun City KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | APRIL 2015 35 WELSPUN INDIA LTD., KUTCH EIA, EMP, RA & DMP FOR ONSHORE TREATED WASTE WATER DISPOSAL PIPELINE FOR 25 MLD CAPACITY PROJECT DESCRIPTION In order to sustain the continued overall development of the Kutch region the Government of Gujarat supplies water to the region, however, the same is becoming a challenge for the industries and its community growth. To ease this pressure of Government of Gujarat to supply water for industrial usage and to create a sustainable source of industrial water supply for their own use / surplus waters to nearby industries in Anjar & Gandhidham region, M/s. Welspun India Limited have entered into a Concession agreement for a period of 35 years (Annexure 2) with both the Nagarpalikas viz., Anjar Nagar Palika (ANP) and Gandhidham - Adipur Nagar Palika (GNP), for setting up of project facilities and allied works in order to recycle the sewage waters by suitable treatment that can be optimally used by the industries in the region keeping the environmental benefits in the region as well as its own capacity to use the treated water. Land Lease agreement for STP location is presented in Annexure 9. The present project is Treated Waste Water Disposal Pipeline off Nakti Creek and is conceived for disposal of RO rejects from Recycling of the above Treated Sewage Waters along with treated waste waters from Welspun India Ltd. The project will dispose of the surplus rejects along with the treated waste water from the existing Common ETP; matching the disposal norms as specified by Pollution Control Board, into Deep Sea via an Onshore and Offshore disposal pipeline off Nakti Creek in Gulf of Kutch (upto the disposal point as suggested by NIO). Characteristics of the Biologically Treated Wastewater suited for Marine Discharge & PCB discharge norms as presented in Table 2-4 under: Table 2-4: Treated Waste Water Characterstics of Common ETP compared to Marine Discharge Norms given by CPCB Treated waste water Characteristics as per CPCB Standards for discharge to Marine Coastal Waters Sr. No. Parameters Treated Effluent Characteristics of Common ETP 1 Flow (cu.m per day) 15000 25000 2 pH 7.0 - 7.5 5.5 - 9.0 3 Temperature 45 - 50 < 30 4 Colour (Pt. Co. Units) 100 < 100 5 BOD (5 Days at 20 Deg. C) < 75 < 100 6 COD < 240 < 250 7 Suspended Solids 50 < 100 8 Total Dissolved Solids 2700 - 9 Oil & Grease 10 20 10 Phenolic Compounds <2 5 11 Fluorides 1 15 12 Sulphides 0.1 5 13 Ammonical Nitrogen 15 50 14 Bio Assay Test 90% survival of fish after 96 hours in 100% effluent 90% survival of fish after 96 hours in 100% effluent KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | APRIL 2015 36 WELSPUN INDIA LTD., KUTCH EIA, EMP, RA & DMP FOR ONSHORE TREATED WASTE WATER DISPOSAL PIPELINE FOR 25 MLD CAPACITY PROJECT DESCRIPTION The Integrated Project facilities will consist of: 1. 2. 3. Recycling pipeline network for sewage conveyance Sewage Treatment Facility. Onshore and Offshore disposal Pipeline – Gravity and Pumping Upto Sea off Nakti Creek. Overall Project Components: 1. Sewage Conveyance Network – DI Pipeline – Design capacity 60 MLD 2. Sewage Treatment Plant – 30 MLD + 15 MLD (two phases) 3. Treated Waste Water + RO Rejects Conveyance Pipeline upto deep sea – 25 MLD capacity 4. Augmentation of existing ETP at WIL (textile unit) – total capacity of 15 MLD 5. Augmentation of UF and RO for recycling – 10 MLD + 5 MLD + 30 MLD capacity (Three phases) 2.7 Design Basis for the Project Components The details of basis of calculations for Design Flow considerations for deep sea disposal pipeline based on the proposed water balance diagram is summarized in Table 2-5 as below: Table 2-5: Details about Design Flow Calculations Sr. No. Description Effluent Quantity for disposal (MLD) 1 Present Flow of treated Waste Waters 10 Zero Discharge as wastewater is recycled fully. 2 Proposed Recycling of Treated Waste Water - Proposed treatment for Recycle & Reuse will be carried out for sewage waters only there will be no recycle of waste water. Waste water will be treated in ETP in order to dispose off the treated waters directly into sea. 3 Proposed Rejects from Recycling Plant - No recycle of waste water is proposed so no rejects are are proposed. Net Flow 10 Presently 10 MLD Waste water is treated in existing ETP & totally recycled & reused. A Mode of Disposal/Remarks Existing Flow B Proposed Flow Conditions 1 Addition of flow due to Expansion 10 + 5 Plant will be augmented from 10 to 15 MLD. 2 Proposed Treatment of Sewage & Waste water 45 (Sewage)+15 (Waste Water) Proposed 45 MLD Sewage will be treated in STP, out of which 44 MLD will come to Tertiary /TDS Treatment & further 34 MLD of Permeate will be reused in process & Reject of 10 MLD will be discharged along with Treated waste water of 15 MLD to Pipeline. 3 Design Capacity for proposed for deep sea disposal pipeline 25 The deep sea pipeline & Pumping station is designed for a flow of 25 MLD KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | APRIL 2015 37 WELSPUN INDIA LTD., KUTCH 2.8 EIA, EMP, RA & DMP FOR ONSHORE TREATED WASTE WATER DISPOSAL PIPELINE FOR 25 MLD CAPACITY PROJECT DESCRIPTION Salient Features of the Project The salient features of the existing and proposed project is given in Table 2-6. Table 2-6: Salient Features of the Proposed Project Components Sr. No. Description Starting/End point Location Length of Conveyance System (Km) Waste Water Disposal Quantity Mode of Disposal/ Remarks (MLD) 1 2 3 4 5 Segment 1: Onshore Pipeline – 800 OD DWC Pipe From Treated Water Sump in Welspun Premises upto Pumping Station Location Lat Long of N 230 07’ 07.73” E 700 04’ 42.15” Pumping Station Pump Station will be constructed from the downstream of WIL located at Lat. Longs of N 230 01’ 23.7”, E 700 07’ 9.89” Segment 2: Onshore Pipeline – 500 mm diameter HDPE Pipe From pumping station to Landfall Point (LFP 2) – Lat Long of N 220 58’ 49.75” E 700 06’ 43.55” Segment 3: Onshore Pipeline – 500 mm diameter HDPE Pipe From Landfall point (LFP) to Final disposal point as identified by NIO2 Lat Longs of N 220 54’ 52.0” E 700 09’ 18.0” along with scientifically designed diffuser System Total Pipeline Length 15.3 25 - 25 5.86 25 8.92 25 30.08 Say 31 25 Deep Sea Disposal by gravity main pipeline up to Pumping Station Location. Gravity Line will be discharging water into storage lagoons proposed near Pumping Station & will be further pumped form the Pumping station upto Outfall point. Deep Sea Disposal by means of Pumping Pipeline upto Landfall Point Deep Sea Disposal by means of Pumping Pipeline upto Final Diffuser Point (Disposal Location identified by NIO) Pipeline starts from Lagoons and ends at disposal point as given by NIO. Alignment survey map of selected pipeline route is given in Figure 2-4. 1 2 Marine EIA Study Carried out by NIO KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | APRIL 2015 38 WELSPUN INDIA LTD., KUTCH EIA, EMP, RA & DMP FOR ONSHORE TREATED WASTE WATER DISPOSAL PIPELINE FOR 25 MLD CAPACITY PROJECT DETAILS Figure 2-4: Alignment Map of Selected Pipeline Route KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | APRIL 2015 39 WELSPUN INDIA LTD., KUTCH 2.8.1 EIA, EMP, RA & DMP FOR ONSHORE TREATED WASTE WATER DISPOSAL PIPELINE FOR 25 MLD CAPACITY PROJECT DESCRIPTION Alignment of the Selected Pipeline Route Alignment Alternatives for the pipeline route were studied and final alignment was selected. The alternatives alignments are presented in the Chapter 5 – Analysis of Alternatives. Considering alternative routes, the one which finalized has three segments. These segments are described in following paragraphs. The Pipeline route is divided into three segments are as follows: Segment 1 – Gravity Pipeline Route - Starting from Welspun Premises up to Prabhat Road Junction following the route of rising main of sewage pumping to recycling plant, further via Kidana Road up to PS 4 location (Length ~ 15.3 Kms) Pumping Station – Located in 5 acres of land near PS 4 location of Gandhidham – Adipur Nagarpalika. Segment 2 – Onshore Section – Along Sakar Drainage further parallel to Bharapar Road and crossing the proposed Railway line to Tuna Port up to LFP location (Length ~ 5.86 Kms) Segment 3 – Offshore Section – From LFP via Nakti Creek up to DP 1 (Length ~ 8.92 Kms) Aspects considered for Selection of Pipeline Route Finally the proposed route was selected considering features such as: Relatively avoiding/minimising areas covered in the EIA Notification 2006, namely National Parks/Sanctuaries/Coral Reefs/Mangroves and notified ecologically sensitive areas Safety of people, environment, property and maintenance of ecological balance Safe operations and control including easy access for maintenance Favourable ground profile and hydraulic gradients Minimum road, nallahs, canals and stream crossings Reduced impacts on the environment. Shortest possible route after considering above factors, thereby reducing overall risk. The proposed route will be environmentally friendly, with a minimum length of pipeline distance between the destination points. 2.9 CRZ Classification of the Area The pipeline passes through Mudflats, low lying areas and Nakti creek and creeklets at various locations. The proposed study of CRZ demarcation for treated wastewater disposal pipeline for the stretch between the Pumping Station to the Disposal Point through Land Fall Point passes through various CRZ zones. The proposed pipeline project falls in CRZ –I, CRZ- III & CRZ-IV which is described in below table. Table 2-7: CRZ Classification for Proposed Pipeline Route Sr. no. Description CRZ Length in CRZ area Total length of pipeline (km) Area Non CRZ - CRZ IB 0.479 1 Gravity line from Welspun premises to Pumping station 15.3 2 Pipeline from pumping Station to Land Fall point 5.86 KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | APRIL 2015 (km) & & CRZ III 0.102 40 WELSPUN INDIA LTD., KUTCH 3 EIA, EMP, RA & DMP FOR ONSHORE TREATED WASTE WATER DISPOSAL PIPELINE FOR 25 MLD CAPACITY Pipeline from Land Fall Point to Final Disposal Point 8.92 PROJECT DESCRIPTION CRZ IA 0.458 CRZ IB 0.280 CRZ IVA 1.445 CRZ IVB 6.708 Source: CRZ map prepared by Anna University The entire project will not falls in CRZ area as per above table. The CRZ Demarcation Map given by Anna University showing the Pipeline Route, demarcation of HTL and CRZ Boundaries placed as Annexure 10 2.10 Key Environmental and Social Outcomes of Proposed Pipeline Route Key Environmental and social outcomes of proposed pipeline route are presented in table as below: Table 2-8: Key Environmental and Social Outcome of Pipeline Route 2.11 Aspect Environmental and/or Social Benefit Environment Friendly Eliminatating untreated sewage disposal of Gandhidham and Anjar towns. Disposal of treated waste water into deep sea at a diffuser point where sufficient amount of dilution is available. Pipeline Route Avoids cross country along the route, avoids ecologically sensitive areas and intensive agricultural regions. Avoiding RoU to a maximum possible extent which is extremely difficult and time consuming Minimum hindrances to mangroves, forest and cultivable land. Pipeline Underground Reduces Tampering of the pipeline and there by chances of breakage in pipeline Pumping Station Ease of disposal of Treated waste water by means of pumping through a scientifically designed diffuser system Proposed Effluent Disposal Point Proposed Effluent Disposal Point On the basis of Marine EIA report prepared by National Institute of Oceanography (NIO) effluent disposal point is recommended in deep sea at a predetermined location having coordinates of N 220 54’ 52.0” & E 700 09’ 18.0”. Marine EIA report describes the outfall point and diffuser system as under: On the basis of detailed study of physical processes on tide, currents, circulation, stratification etc., the site for disposal of effluent to the tune of 25000 m3/d is proposed at release location of 220 54’ 52” N; 700 09’ 18” E where depth of 7 m below CD is available. Near-field dilution were studied using buoyant jet model and far-field dilutions were estimated by 2-D numerical model. The model study suggests that near-field dilutions of 60 - 130 times can be achieved at the release location with 5 port diffuser. The port diameter should be 0.19 m and each port should be separated by 5 m distance. The jet velocity and port angle should be 2 m/sec and 15 Deg. respectively. The far-field dilution studies indicate that the plume would move along the Gulf coastal axis and possibility of plume reaching the bank is not expected. KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | APRIL 2015 41 WELSPUN INDIA LTD., KUTCH EIA, EMP, RA & DMP FOR ONSHORE TREATED WASTE WATER DISPOSAL PIPELINE FOR 25 MLD CAPACITY PROJECT DESCRIPTION Far-field model results show that the maximum concentration of BOD of 3.4 mg/l would be found at release location at nearly 10 m from the discharge location. Near ambient condition would prevail at the distance of 100 m downstream or upstream depending on the tidal condition. Hence the effluent generated by the WIL to the tune of 25 MLD can be released at 700 09' 18.00" E and 220 54' 52.00" N using 5 port diffuser. 2.12 Design Specifications & Operation parameters for Proposed Pipeline The pipeline will be designed, constructed and inspected in accordance with the following standards and codes: Central Public Health and Environmental Engineering Organization (CPHEEO) IS / International Codes for Pipe Material and Laying Work Other IS Codes related to Civil Engineering Works Gravity & Pumping Pipeline will be designed based Economical diameter of rising main designs is taken into consideration for selection of diameter of onshore pipeline (Based on CPHEEO Norms). However, adequate velocity for gravity 0.8 – 1 m/sec & for pumping between 1 – 2 m/sec is taken in order to avoid any deposition in the total pipeline system and also have sufficient velocity at the tip of the diffuser system for effective dilution requriements as recommended by NIO. The onshore pipeline will be laid in trenches underground based on site conditions along the entire stretch by means of gravity upto Pumping Station & further by means of pumping upto outfall point in deep sea off Nakti Creek. The pipeline design features / specifications are summarized in Table 2-9 & Table 2-10. Table 2-9: Gravity Pipeline design features/specifications Sr No Description Remarks 1 Quantity 25 MLD 2 Design Q 1041.6 cu.m/hr (0.289 cu.m/sec) 3 Length (Onshore) 15.3 4 N Value for Plastic Pipes (0.011) 715 OD DWC Pipe 5 Type of liquid Treated Waste Water with specific gravity of 1.01 Table 2-10: Rising main design features/specifications Sr No Description Remarks 1 Quantity 25 MLD 2 Pumping Hours 22 3 Design Q 1136.36 cu.m/hr (0.3156 cu.m/sec) 4 Length (Onshore) upto LFP 5.86 Km 5 Length (Offshore) 8.92 Km 6 Efficiency of pump set (n) 72 - 75 % 7 Pipe material with ‘C ‘ value 140 HDPE Pipe – 500 OD 8 Type of liquid Treated Waste Water with specific gravity of 1.01 KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | APRIL 2015 42 WELSPUN INDIA LTD., KUTCH 2.13 EIA, EMP, RA & DMP FOR ONSHORE TREATED WASTE WATER DISPOSAL PIPELINE FOR 25 MLD CAPACITY PROJECT DESCRIPTION Method of Laying of Pipeline 2.13.1 Structure Details Gravity / Pumping Main pipeline Excavation in Trenches up to desired depth as specified in the drawings for all sorts of soil / soft and hard murrum, boulders, macadam road, soft and hard rock. Providing and filling good quality approved river sand bedding in 20 cm thick layers in the pipeline trenches as per tender drawing below and sides of the DWC pipes. Lowering & laying of 715 mm OD DWC Pipes; SN8 Class in the Trenches at prescribed gradient, depth & alignment. Lowering & laying of 500 mm OD HDPE Pipes; PN8 Class in the Trenches for rising main pipeline system. Backfilling/Refilling in pipeline trenches and surroundings as per drawings after satisfactory hydro testing of the pipeline laid in the trench; in layer not exceeding 200 mm thickness, including watering, compacting by ramming / rolling, leveling to specified slopes, dressing and consolidation. In case of River Crossing pipelines will be laid on pedestal, the same shall be designed to withstand impact forces of flood water and debris likely to be carried through. In case of Railway & Highway (NH and SH), Major Crossings NP3 / MS Box pushing will be carried out. 2.13.2 Factors Considered for Selection of Pipe Material Flexibility and Elasticity of pipes due to undulating terrain Adjustment to ground level contours horizontally as well we vertically as pipeline parallel to river Crossings under bridge / on rivulets Over burden of backfill since pipes are to be laid at depths Effluent characteristics with pipe cross section and corrosion resistance to Saline Waters at external surface. Effect of both on joineries of MOC of pipeline Tightness of Joints and Connections to resist uplift pressure on pipes Presence of rocky strata vis-à-vis alluvial soil 2.13.3 Selection of Pipeline Material Selection of pipe material depends on various factors like flexibility, tensile strength, ease of connections, joint tightness, general availability, C factor, availability of skilled labour for laying and maintenance, bedding requirements, laying speed etc. however the factors affecting the selection as per site conditions are listed as follows: Pipe are to be laid below ground and MoC will be HDPE due to its flexibility and elasticity, corrosion resistance and tightness of Joints, high thermal and impact resistance is a best suitable material. KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | APRIL 2015 43 WELSPUN INDIA LTD., KUTCH EIA, EMP, RA & DMP FOR ONSHORE TREATED WASTE WATER DISPOSAL PIPELINE FOR 25 MLD CAPACITY PROJECT DESCRIPTION 2.13.4 Specifications for DWC Pipes Class SN 8 Structured Double Wall (Non-Smooth External Annular Corrugated wall & Smooth Internal wall) Polyethylene/Polypropylene Piping System for non-pressure underground Sewerage & Drainage Applications This specification covers the requirements for manufacturing, supplying, transportation, handling, stacking, installation, jointing, and testing of Class SN 8 Structured Double Wall (Non-Smooth External Annular Corrugated wall & Smooth Internal wall) Polyethylene/Polypropylene Piping System for non-pressure underground Sewerage & Drainage Applications herein after called the DWC PE Piping System bearing IS 16098 (Part-2) -2013 and its latest version or amendments. The DWC pipes shall be supply in standard length or as specified requirements. 2.13.5 Specifications for HDPE Pipes All HDPE pipe & fittings would be manufactured by Quality Assured Manufacturer in accordance with IS 14333:1996 (as attached in this tender document). The pipes and fittings shall be suitable for use as rising / pumping main for conveyance of treated effluents with maximum pressure requirements of the pipe line The raw material to be used for the pipe manufacturing shall be 100% virgin PE 100 grade material of standard Make i.e. IPCL or Reliance etc and shall comply to the norms as per IS 9080 – 1992. The HDPE Pipes should be supplied in straight lengths of 6 – 12 meters. The pressure class of pipe selected shall be 6 Kg/cm2 The pipes supplied should have passed the acceptance test as per IS 14333 – 1996. The manufacturer should provide the test certificate for the test conducted as required along with the supply of pipes Each pipe and special manufactured shall be hydraulically tested at the manufacturer’s works to a test pressure equivalent to 1.5 times the design working pressure. 2.13.6 Specifications for MS Pipes Manufacture, Supply and Delivery of Steel Pipes along with specials of suitable diameter with 45 – 50 mm thick outside cement mortar lining/guniting using BRT Fabric and internal fusion bonded epoxy coating having dry film thickness of minimum 525 micrometer. The pipes shall be supplied as per IS – 3589 (2001 or its latest revision/amendment) including all taxes and duties, insurance, transportation, freight charges, octroi, inspection charges, loading, unloading, conveyance from manufacturing location to site of works, stacking etc. All the pipes shall be manufactured as per IS – 3589 and specials as per IS: 5504 These MS pipes shall be tested to the following requirements in presence of engineer in charge or its representative Casing Pipes MOC selected is MS (with high percentage of Carbon content) i.e. Carbon Steel with outside and inside corrosion protection lining; which has a very high impact strength, as a result of which the system is tamper proof when exposed to natural environment and surroundings etc. 2.14 Storage Lagoons & Pumping Station Two Storage Lagoons are proposed to be constructed at the pumping station location for one day storage of the treated waste water. KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | APRIL 2015 44 WELSPUN INDIA LTD., KUTCH EIA, EMP, RA & DMP FOR ONSHORE TREATED WASTE WATER DISPOSAL PIPELINE FOR 25 MLD CAPACITY PROJECT DESCRIPTION The storage lagoons would be of size 42 x 42 with side slopes of 1:2.5 having a total volume of storage of 12,500 cu.m. The storage lagoons will be constructed in phase wise manner one after the other as in intial phase only 15 MLD of treated wate water will be received. The constructional details of storage lagoons is as follows: Excavation for lagoon construction. Bottom Clay Liner of 0.5 m depth HDPE liner of 1.5 mm thick on botton and sides slopes. Bottom PCC (1:3:6) above the liner system. Embankments all along the periphery with Liner anchorage. Connection of incoming DWC pipeline with valve arrangements in both the lagoons. A pumping station is designed to house suitable pumping machinery for continuous pumping of the combined treated waste waters into deep sea via onshore and offshore pipeline system. Operating hours of pumping system is taken as 22 hours basis. The pumping station is designed of Dry and Wet Well type. The dry well will house centrifugal pumps where as the wet well will be a pumping channel sump interconnected with the two lagoons by means of incoming pipes with valve arrangements for emptying the sumps. Only one pumping station is envisaged in the entire stretch of onshore and offshore pipeline. The delivery head of pumps are selected in such a way that the treated waste waters will be directly disposed off into deep sea at the disposal point location via suitable diffuser port holes having a velocity at the tip of diffusers of 2 m/sec. Proposed ancillary buildings in the Pumping Station area are as follows: Treated Waste Water Storage lagoons. Pumping Station with Dry well and wet well assembly. 11 KV Switchyard Transformer Yard PCC cum Breaker Room MCC Room covering PCC, MCC, Control Panel and Battery Room etc DG Sets. 2.14.1 Selection of Pumping Machinery Generation of treated waste water is expected to be in a phased manner based on expansion of plant premsies and intake of sewage waters. With this in view, it is important that the pumping machinery to be selected to perform under optimal conditions throughout the design life of the pumping station. It is also recommended that the pumps shall be designed to keep in view of the following: Minimum number of starts and stops Quality and nature of effluents Power consumption to be most economical i.e. based on capital investment in piping cost against recurring costs Ease of maintenance Following types of pumps are conventionally suitable for waste water applications: 2.14.2 Fully Submersible Pumps These pumps can be located by guide rails mounted on the wall of sump and simply lowered by a chain down the guide rail into the effluent sump. Major advantage with these pumps is the KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | APRIL 2015 45 WELSPUN INDIA LTD., KUTCH EIA, EMP, RA & DMP FOR ONSHORE TREATED WASTE WATER DISPOSAL PIPELINE FOR 25 MLD CAPACITY PROJECT DESCRIPTION elimination of the underground pump house structure; thereby saving in capital cost. The major disadvantage with these pumps is suitability to the effluents and related maintenance due to failures. 2.14.3 Horizontal Centrifugal Pumps (Non Clog Type)-Axially Split Casing/Back Pull Out These pumps are mounted in dry well. They are easy to maintain and cheaper than the submersible pumps but the dry well cost will increase the capital costs to some extent. Looking to the site conditions and nature of effluents, experiences of similar kind of projects, preference is given to Horizontal Centrifugal pumps because of ease in maintenance. Looking to long term of operation and maintenance Horizontal Centrifugal pumps are better suitable for waste water applications. The Pumping stations will typically have the following facilities: Lagoons – 12.5 MLD capacity (each -12 hrs storage) Puming Channel sump – 500 KLD storage capacity. Pumping Station – Dry Well – Wet Well Type. Pumps – Centrifugal Type Non Clog, Capacity – 5 MLD each – 5 W + 5 S.B (100% Standby Capacity). DG Set - 100% Standby Capacity provided – 750 KVA. The Location of Storage Sump and Pumping Station will be near near PS4 of Gandhidham-Adipur Municipal Corporation as shown in Figure below Figure 2-5: Location of Pumping Station near PS4 of Gandhidham-Adipur Municipal Corporation The Layout of the Storage lagoons and pumping station is shown in Figure 2-6 below: KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | APRIL 2015 46 WELSPUN INDIA LTD., KUTCH EIA, EMP, RA & DMP FOR ONSHORE TREATED WASTE WATER DISPOSAL PIPELINE FOR 25 MLD CAPACITY PROJECT DESCRIPTION Figure 2-6: Layout Plan of Storage Lagoons and Pumping Station for pipeline project KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | APRIL 2015 47 WELSPUN INDIA LTD., KUTCH EIA, EMP, RA & DMP FOR ONSHORE TREATED WASTE WATER DISPOSAL PIPELINE FOR 25 MLD CAPACITY PROJECT DESCRIPTION 2.14.4 Treated Waste Water Quality Monitoring Regular Monitoring of outlet of Combined ETP and RO Reject waters for principal parameters of COD, BOD, pH, TDS and Flow will be carried out at the outlet of the Treated Waste Water mixing tank in the WIL ETP area. Moreover online monitoring system (in terms of TOC, Ammonical Nitrogen, DO, pH and Flow) will be provided also in the Pumping station after the storage lagoons. The data will be recorded in a recorder and stored. The online monitoring system will be configured to have connection to GPCB Server via SCADA, whenever it is required. The data of online monitoring system will be systematically recorded and records will be maintained for treated waste water quality on regular basis. Below figure shows the Block diagram for Online Monitoring system that is proposed to be installed at pumping station location. Figure 2-7: Treated Waste Water Quality Monitoring Block Diagram 2.15 Electrical Design of Pumping Station The electrical items in the pumping station are provided to fulfill the following requirements: Continuous power supply to provide power for the treated waste water pumps and control circuitry. Internal Lighting in buildings and Office Requirements External Street Lighting and Area Lighting To ensure that no effluent overflow takes place, it is essential that the installed electrical systems shall be such as to provide continuous power. For this there will be a “Normal Power Supply” from PGVCL and an “Emergency Power Supply” from Diesel Generator Set DG as installed in the pumping station and also at the STP location. KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | APRIL 2015 48 WELSPUN INDIA LTD., KUTCH EIA, EMP, RA & DMP FOR ONSHORE TREATED WASTE WATER DISPOSAL PIPELINE FOR 25 MLD CAPACITY PROJECT DESCRIPTION 2.16 Pipeline Integrity Issues 2.16.1 Leak Addressing System The pipeline system will be equipped with pressure control check on pumps. Pressure drop will have an alarm system in the panel in order to have Emergency Shutdown. A proper monitoring programme of monitoring of pipeline route particularly at LFP location at regular intervals will be carried out; where the pipeline gets vulnerable for leakages. 2.16.2 Fire Fighting and Fire Alarm System Adequate fire alarm and fire fighting facilities will be provided at the pumping station, DG and Transformer yard location. 2.17 Site Activities during Laying Operations of Pipeline 2.17.1 Site Preparation Critical areas will be marked on map before commencing the field activities. RoU/ROW boundaries will be clearly delineated and the site inspector will ensure that no clearing or encroachment occurs beyond these boundaries. Trees to be saved will be marked by flagging, fencing or any other appropriate method before clearing. Minimum felling of trees will be done and compensatory plantation shall be done as per statutory requirements. Before start up of site work, the site is thoroughly cleaned of debris and other foreign matter and the labour force is stationed on the site. The contractor shall program the start up of the works is such a way that it reduces the disruption to road traffic to a minimum and before commencement of work. 2.17.2 Storage of pipeline materials All pipes and appurtenances shall be stored in accordance with the manufacturer’s recommendations in order to preserve their quality and condition as per standards set out in the specification. HDPE pipes may be stored either under cover. Storage of pipes in hot areas would be avoided. The pipes are suitably protected from ageing due to sunlight by the addition of the appropriate quantity and type of carbon black. HDPE pipes should be stored on horizontal racks giving continuous support to prevent the pipe taking on permanent sag. Pipe and fittings shall be stored raised from the ground and shall be carefully supported cautioned and wedged. Pipes shall not rest directly on one another and shall not be staged more than four pipes high. Couplings (and joints and all components thereon) and other similar items shall be stored in dry conditions raised from the ground in sheds or covered areas. Storage area shall be carefully set out to facilitate unloading, loading and checking of materials with different consignment staged or stored separately with identification marks clearly visible. 2.17.3 Transportation of pipes and fittings Any vehicle on which pipes shall be transported shall have a body of such length that the pipes do not overhang. The pipes shall be handled in accordance with the manufacturer’s recommendations. Approved slings shall be used and all hooks and dogs and other metal devices shall be padded. Hooks engaged on the inner wall surface and pipe ends shall not be used. Pipe handling equipment shall be maintained in good condition. Under no circumstances pipes shall be dropped, be allowed to strike one another, be rolled freely or dragged along the ground. KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | APRIL 2015 49 WELSPUN INDIA LTD., KUTCH EIA, EMP, RA & DMP FOR ONSHORE TREATED WASTE WATER DISPOSAL PIPELINE FOR 25 MLD CAPACITY PROJECT DESCRIPTION 2.18 Construction Methodology for DWC Pipes (For Gravity Lines) Pipeline construction is a sequential process and comprises a number of distinct operations each undertaken by both, general and purpose built machinery and equipment. The pipeline will be buried in the ground with a minimum soil cover as per the gradient of gravity pipeline. The soil cover at critical locations will be increased as per the design code requirements. The RoW will be restored to near original condition after completion of construction of the pipeline. Rivulets / CD works are proposed to be crossed using suitable techniques taking into consideration the environmental parameters. During construction it will be ensured that: Inconvenience is minimized to the public. Any irrigation channels or fencing, disturbed or damaged during construction, is restored back ensuring that no loss accrues to the landowners. Proper treatment and disposal of hydrostatic test water. Backfilling of trenches and restoration of the same to near original condition after the pipeline construction is over. During construction, the following activities will be carried out: 2.18.1 Technical Specifications Class SN 8 Structured Double Wall (Non-Smooth External Annular Corrugated wall & Smooth Internal wall) Polyethylene/Polypropylene Piping System for non-pressure underground Sewerage & Drainage Applications 2.18.2 Scope of Item This specification covers the requirements for manufacturing, supplying, transportation, handling, stacking, installation, jointing, and testing of Class SN 8 Structured Double Wall (Non-Smooth External Annular Corrugated wall & Smooth Internal wall) Polyethylene/Polypropylene Piping System for non-pressure underground Sewerage & Drainage Applications herein after called the DWC PE Piping System bearing IS 16098 (Part-2) -2013 and its latest version or amendments. The DWC pipes shall be supply in standard length or as specified requirements. 2.18.3 Applicable codes The manufacturing, testing at factory, supplying, transportation, handling, stacking, installation, jointing, and testing at sites shall comply with all currently applicable statutes, manuals, regulation, standards & codes. If requirements of these specifications are at variance with any other standards, this particular document shall govern the proceedings Part 2: Pipes and fittings with non-smooth external surface, Type B of IS 16098- 2 for Structured Wall Plastics piping Systems for non-pressure drainage and sewerage- Specification and IS codes specified therein shall be applicable for the said purpose. 2.18.4 Temperature Variation All the pipes to be supplied and delivered shall be subject to weather condition like sun, dust, rain and wind. They shall also be subject to carry and convey industrial waste water under available temperature condition ranging from 4 Deg. Centigrade to 50 Deg. Centigrade. KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | APRIL 2015 50 WELSPUN INDIA LTD., KUTCH EIA, EMP, RA & DMP FOR ONSHORE TREATED WASTE WATER DISPOSAL PIPELINE FOR 25 MLD CAPACITY PROJECT DESCRIPTION 2.18.5 Manufacturing The DWC Piping System of stiffness class designation SN 8 shall confirm to the Indian standards as mentioned above and shall be configured as per the Cross-sectional & Profile Drawings as per IS specifications. Each pipe shall be coupler (on-line or off-line) and spigot type along with elastomeric rubber sealing ring (as designated under above international specifications). 2.18.6 Transportation The arrangement of loading the pipes in a telescopic manner is advised, i.e. smaller diameters inserted into the next higher sizes of pipes. While loading the pipes onto the truck, care should be taken that the coupler- end should be arranged alternatively in the corresponding layers so as to avoid the damage to the coupling/ socket ends. 2.18.7 Handling Following recommendations shall be followed while handling the pipes: Adherence to National Safety requirements Pipes to be smoothly lowered to the ground Pipes should not be dragged against the ground to avoid the damages to the Coupler/pipes. 800mm and larger diameter pipes are carried with Slings at two points spaced approximately at 3 Meters apart For smaller diameters (400mm – 800mm) one lift point shall be sufficient & can be handled either manually or mechanically. Do not use a loading Boom or Fork Lift directly on or inside pipe. 2.18.8 Pipe Storage at Site Stockpiling shall be done temporarily on a Flat Clear Area as shown in IS 16098 (Part-2) 2013 and its latest version or amendments. For avoiding collapse of Stacks, use Wooden Posts or Blocks Stacking shall not be higher than 2.5 Meters While stacking, alternate the socket/coupler ends at each row of stacked pipes as described in IS 16098 (Part-2) - 2013 and its latest version or amendments. 2.18.9 Lowering, Laying & Jointing Of Pipes The width of a trench depends on the soil condition, type of side protection needed and the working space required at the bottom of Trench for smooth installations. Increase in width over required minimum would unduly increase the load on pipe and cost of road restoration. Considering all above factors, the Minimum Trench Width is specified as per IS 16098 (Part-2) – 2013 and its latest version or amendments. The pipe segment between two manholes shall be laid approximately in straight line without any vertical undulations. However, on the strength of its flexibility, the DWC PE Piping system can be laid in very smooth curve if found necessary. The piping system shall rest on the carefully prepared bedding portion of the Backfill Envelope and at appropriate jointing locations the trenches shall be excavated deeper to accommodate the bulges of coupler-spigot joints. However, special care shall be ensured as mentioned below: Excavation of trenches shall be carried out in accordance with the drawing & specifications and as directed by the field engineer as well. The piping system shall be laid and jointed in true to gradient with the help of sight rails and boning rods as detailed in CPHEEO, MoUD, GoI Manual on Sewerage and sewerage KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | APRIL 2015 51 WELSPUN INDIA LTD., KUTCH EIA, EMP, RA & DMP FOR ONSHORE TREATED WASTE WATER DISPOSAL PIPELINE FOR 25 MLD CAPACITY PROJECT DESCRIPTION treatment. The levels need be checked with calibrated modern Levelling Instrument. Specific care shall be taken to prevent entry of sand / mud /slush/ any other foreign material etc. into the system during the installation operation. The structural property of the system suggests that a minimum cover of 500 mm adequate even for maximum quantum of superimposed (live) load. In case of wider trenches than required (above table), the permission of the competent authority shall be necessary. The bedding area is an essential portion of Back fill Envelope and shall be constructed with proper bedding material as computed in accordance with appropriate national code of practice for structural bedding design mentioned in the list of normative references under IS 16098-2.The bedding shall be laid to specified thickness and gradient with proper manual compaction of the aggregate. The moulded on-line coupler (or separate coupler integrated to the pipe in case of lower sizes) will have a suitable internal surface for push-fitting the said end over the spigot end of the next pipe. On first valley of the corrugation of said spigot end (destined to receive the pushed coupler) the sealing rubber ring of standard quality shall be placed so that the coupler end of the pipe smoothly but tightly slides over the sealing ring for making an absolute watertight joint. Similar system is also used for fabricated accessories or moulded fittings required such as Tee, Bends, Elbows, Reducer end caps for the purpose of installation of the system related to drainage/sewerage. Figure 2-8: DWC Pipe Jointing Procedure For quality connections following steps are to be ensured; The non-coupler (socket) end needs to be thoroughly cleared and shall be free from any foreign material Clean and lubricate the coupler end of the pipe, if required. Lubricate the exposed Gasket in the same manner, if required. Keep the non-coupler end free from dirt, backfill material, and foreign matter so that the joint integrity is not compromised. Push the coupler into non-coupler and align properly. Always push coupler end into noncoupler end. For smaller diameter pipes simple manual insertion shall be sufficient. It should be ensured that the coupler end is adequately ‘homed’ within non-coupler end to ensure installation and tight joining seal. Therefore prior to insertion always place a ‘Homing Mark’ on appropriate corrugation of the ‘Non-Coupler End’. KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | APRIL 2015 52 WELSPUN INDIA LTD., KUTCH EIA, EMP, RA & DMP FOR ONSHORE TREATED WASTE WATER DISPOSAL PIPELINE FOR 25 MLD CAPACITY PROJECT DESCRIPTION 2.18.10 Construction of Backfill Envelope and Final Backfilling of the Trenches DWC Piping System with well compacted Backfill Envelope along with the bottom and sides of trench (native soil) work together to support soil overburden and superimposed (traffic) loads. The carefully constructed Backfill Envelop has three distinct but non-isolated stages .The construction need to be done stage by stage as per the sequence stated below: Bedding portion Up to Haunch level Remaining portion The material for backfill envelop shall be in accordance with the structural design of flexible buried conduit as per relevant international codes. It can be the same material that were removed in the course of excavation or it can be fine sand/course sand/gravel / murrum /other form of course / fine aggregates depending on the effected Design Load [Overburden + Superimposed (Live) load]. However, in no circumstances, the flexible pipe should not be embedded in cement concrete (unreinforced or reinforced) which invariably induces undesired rigidity in the system. The remaining portion of backfilling which do not contribute to the structural integrity of the system may be the materials that were removed in the course of excavation or any other foreign material as may be required to suit the particular site condition. These materials shall consist of at least clean earth and shall be free from large clod or stone above 75 mm, ashes, refuse and other injurious materials. After completion of bedding portion of the Backfill envelop and subsequent lying of pipes, etc. first the haunch portion & then upper portion of Backfill Envelope shall be constructed as per design around the pipe. Voids must be eliminated by knifing under and around pipe or by some other indigenous tools. The compaction, by hand rammers or compactors with necessary watering to a possible maximum level of proctor density shall be ensured. Backfilling shall start only after ensuring the water tightness test of joints for the concerned sewer segments. However, partial filling may be done keeping the joints open. Precautions shall be taken against floatation (if at all necessary) as per the specified methodology and the minimum required cover as per IS 16098 (Part-2) - 2013 and its latest version or amendments 2.19 Construction Methodology for HDPE Pipes (For Pumping Main) Pipeline construction is a sequential process and comprises a number of distinct operations each undertaken by both, general and purpose built machinery and equipment. The pipeline will be buried in the ground with a minimum soil cover of 1.5 m. The soil cover at critical locations will be increased as per the design code requirements. The RoW will be restored to near original condition after completion of construction of the pipeline. Rivulets / CD works are proposed to be crossed using suitable techniques taking into consideration the environmental parameters. During construction it will be ensured that: Inconvenience is minimized to the public. Any irrigation channels or fencing, disturbed or damaged during construction, is restored back ensuring that no loss accrues to the landowners. KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | APRIL 2015 53 WELSPUN INDIA LTD., KUTCH EIA, EMP, RA & DMP FOR ONSHORE TREATED WASTE WATER DISPOSAL PIPELINE FOR 25 MLD CAPACITY PROJECT DESCRIPTION Proper treatment and disposal of hydrostatic test water. Backfilling of trenches and restoration of the same to near original condition after the pipeline construction is over. During construction, the following activities will be carried out: 2.19.1 Transportation Pipe transported to the site on trucks will be offloaded using side booms. The pipe then will be strung adjacent to the trench. Trailers and cranes will be used for maneuvering of pipes. 2.19.2 Welding Welding will be done using automatic/semi-automatic butt welding involving a crew of welders and fitters. 2.19.3 Field Testing & Repair Each field weld will be 100% hydraulically tested in lengths of 250 Rmt of pipes in compliance with specifications. Repairs to the leaking joints will be arrested. 2.19.4 Excavation in Rocky Strata Excavation in rocky strata will be carried out with breaking equipments like poclain, concrete breakers etc as the top rock encountered is a weathered rock. Rock blasting in no case will be done. 2.19.5 Trenching Trenchers and backhoe type excavators will be used to dig the trench for laying the pipeline. The topsoil will be removed and segregated from the remaining backfill material. 2.19.6 Backfilling Good Soil excavated during trenching will be used for refilling. Black cotton soil if encountered will not be used for backfilling purpose. Instead Yellow earth brought from outside will be used. The topsoil, which has been preserved on the side of the trench, will be spread over the filled up trench. A crown of soil will be kept on top of the trenched portion to allow for future settlement. Excess or unsuitable material will be cleared from the site and disposed of at a suitable site. 2.19.7 Restoration of ROW (if applicable) Restoration of the RoW will be conducted progressively following the completion of construction work. This will involve removal of foreign materials such as construction debris. The construction contractor shall remove wastes, wrappers and packages daily. The terrain will be returned to its near original condition by spreading the topsoil over the RoU and agriculture activities will be restored to original. Details of construction methodology are as under: 2.19.8 Excavation for pipes in trenches The surface of the trench grade should be continuous, smooth and free of big rock. If present they may cause point loading on the pipe. The material excavated from the trenches will be handled with care, with asphalt, stone blocks, rock and stone from road construction or broken out of the trench during excavation stock piled separately from the granular material of the natural ground. KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | APRIL 2015 54 WELSPUN INDIA LTD., KUTCH EIA, EMP, RA & DMP FOR ONSHORE TREATED WASTE WATER DISPOSAL PIPELINE FOR 25 MLD CAPACITY PROJECT DESCRIPTION 2.19.9 Foundation and Bedding The pipe should be uniformly and continuously supported through its whole length with firm stable bedding material. Pipe bedding material will be sand as per the requirements of the backfill material. 2.19.10 Jointing of Pipes Butt Fusion Welding Butt Fusion jointing is a method of jointing PE pipes using thermal fusion. This technique permits the quick assembly of long continuous joints in a faster and economical way without the use of modified pipe end or couplers. The fused joints are reliable and as strong as the pipe itself thus providing total leak proof system. Figure 2-9: HDPE Pipe Jointing Procedure Steps of Butt Fusion Welding: Clamping Aligning Fusing Facing Heating Cooling Method of HDPE Butt Fusion Welding HDPE pipe is Butt fused together using a “fusion welder”. Welding machines vary depending on the Outside Diameter (OD) of the pipe to be welded. The pipe pieces are held axially by a clamping device to allow for subsequent operations to take place. Large diameter pipes may require hoisting assistance such as an excavator or crane. Once the pipe is clamped, the pipe ends are “faced” with a machining tool to establish clean, parallel mating surfaces, perpendicular to the center line of each pipe. A heating element or heating plate is inserted in between the faced ends, and the pipe is drawn together against the heating plate. A melt pattern that penetrates into the pipe ends is formed around both pipe ends. Once the correct melt temperature is reached, the heating plate is quickly removed, and the melt ends are drawn together with a specified force. The specified force on the joint must be continuous, and maintained until the joint cools. A small melt bead forms at the joint. On completion, the fused pipe is removed from the welding machine. KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | APRIL 2015 55 WELSPUN INDIA LTD., KUTCH EIA, EMP, RA & DMP FOR ONSHORE TREATED WASTE WATER DISPOSAL PIPELINE FOR 25 MLD CAPACITY PROJECT DESCRIPTION The maximum permissible gap width between the planed surface as per DVS 2207 -1 are as follows: Table 2-11: Pipe Diameter Specification Pipe Outside Diameter (mm) Gap width (mm) <355 0.5 400<630 1.0 630<800 1.3 800<1000 1.5 >1000 2.0 At the same time, the mismatch of the extremities of pipes or fittings would also be checked. Misalignment on the outside of the pipe should not exceed the allowable value of 10% of pipe wall thickness. After planning, any scarf in pipes or fittings would be removed. The planed joint faces should not be contaminated or touched by hand; otherwise further plating will become necessary. 2.19.11 Material / Equipment Requirement The major material equipment for construction and installation in the pipeline system includes the following: HDPE Pipeline Compressors KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | APRIL 2015 56 WELSPUN INDIA LTD., KUTCH EIA, EMP, RA & DMP FOR ONSHORE TREATED WASTE WATER DISPOSAL PIPELINE FOR 25 MLD CAPACITY Diesel Generating Sets Butt Welding Machine Valves Pipe fittings PROJECT DESCRIPTION During construction equipment like: cranes, side booms, excavators, thrust bore / auger boring machines, bulldozers, bowers, pumps, concrete coating machines, tractors and trailers, tippers / dumpers will be used. 2.20 Water Management at Welspun City & Waste Water Management at WIL Premises 2.20.1 Total Water Requirement and Source of Water Supply The proposed project is conceived for water conservation and ensuring enough availability of water by recycling of treated sewage waters. Current Water Consumption of Welspun City is 16.4 MLD where as the Proposed Water Consumption of Welspun City will be 42.4 MLD (as depicted in the Water Balance Diagrams presented in Figure 2-2 and Figure 2-3). The treated sewage recycle will ensure water utilization by industry catering to existing + proposed expansions in near future; there by conserving the fresh water resources of Narmada. Surplus treated waste waters from ETP along with RO Rejects will be disposed off to deep sea via waste water disposal pipeline off Nakti Creek in Gulf of Kutch. 2.21 Present + Proposed ETP Management System at WIL premises As a part of Environmental Conservation Measure WIL has set up a state of the art Waste Water Recovery Plant of capacity 10 MLD at Anjar Campus, which takes care of both the Textiles and Pipe Plant effluents. It is one of the largest waste water recovery plant in textile industry having series of treatment stages including screening, primary, secondary biological and tertiary treatments and advanced treatment technologies of Ultra Filtration and Reverse Osmosis and Evaporation Systems. This set up recycles and reuses 95% of the waste water and there by conserves water usage in the already water starved location of Anjar Kutch. Welspun, as an Environmental Control Measure, intends to recycle and reuse sewage waters of city of Anjar and Gandhidham-Adipur, brought to the premises and treated in a separate Ultra-modern Sewage Treatment Facility and further subjected to Ultra Filtration and Reverse Osmosis for recycling and reuse; in order to meet their shortages as well as future needs of raw water. 2.22 Project Concept A block diagram of the project concept is presented as below: KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | APRIL 2015 57 WELSPUN INDIA LTD., KUTCH EIA, EMP, RA & DMP FOR ONSHORE TREATED WASTE WATER DISPOSAL PIPELINE FOR 25 MLD CAPACITY PROJECT DESCRIPTION As highlighted above, due to sewage recycling in Welspun City, to cater for future needs of water requirement by industry, surplus Treated waste water from ETP along with RO Rejects (from recycling of treated sewage waters), matching with the SEA discharge norms, will be discharged via an Onshore and offshore Pipeline conveyance system designed for 25 MLD capacity. The pipeline network is gravity as well as rising main with an intermediate Pumping Station, located near PS4 of Gandhidham-Adipur Nagarpalika. The system will be functional in phase wise manner i.e. initially the system will be operative at 15 MLD and further will increase to maximum of 25 MLD. The project details are as under: Augmentation of existing Common ETP from 10 MLD to 15 MLD capacity Construction of new STP of 30 MLD capacity for treatment recycling of sewage waters from Anjar and Gandhidham-Adipur towns. STP of 15 MLD will be constructed in near future as a 2nd phase of the project. Construction of Pumping Station, Laying and Jointing of Pipeline for Onshore (Gravity + Pumping) and offshore works. The combined treated waste water from ETP along with RO Rejects from Sewage Recycling for a total capacity of 25 MLD will be conveyed by means of gravity and pumping pipeline up to outfall point in deep sea off Nakti Creek as identified by NIO. Common ETP and its augmentation at Welspun India Ltd: Welspun India Ltd has a central ETP of 10 MLD capacity. The proposed Common ETP would be augmented to total capacity of 15 MLD considering future expansion. The recycling and reuse UFRO Systems will also be augmented to 15 MLD capacity. The ETP is presently in augmentation phase of work from 10 MLD to 15 MLD capacity and the plant is expected to be commissioned by the end of August 2015. Design Inlet and Outlet Characterstics of Common ETP: Table 2-12: Design Inlet and Outlet Characterstics of Common ETP Sr. No Parameters Units Influent Characteristics 15000 Treated Effluent Characteristics 15000 1 Design Flow m3/day 2 pH 10 – 12 7.0 – 7.5 3 Temperature Deg C 45 - 50 < 30 4 Total suspended solids mg/l 200 – 300 < 50 5 COD mg/l 2500 < 240 6 BOD5 mg/l 850 < 75 KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | APRIL 2015 58 WELSPUN INDIA LTD., KUTCH EIA, EMP, RA & DMP FOR ONSHORE TREATED WASTE WATER DISPOSAL PIPELINE FOR 25 MLD CAPACITY Sr. No Parameters Units 7 Ammonical Nitrogen 8 Phosphate 9 PROJECT DESCRIPTION mg/l Influent Characteristics 30 – 40 Treated Effluent Characteristics < 15 mg/l 5 – 10 <5 Phenolic compounds mg/l 3–5 <2 10 Oil & Grease mg/l < 20 < 10 11 Total Dissolved Solids mg/l 2700 2500 12 Fluorides mg/l 2 <1 New Sewage Treatment Plant – 30 MLD capacity at Welspun India Ltd: The new STP will be constructed and operated by WIL for recycling of sewage waters from Anjar and Gandhidham-Adipur Nagarpalika. The treated waters of STP will be subjected to UF and RO in the WIL premises and the RO rejects along with treated waste waters of Common ETP will be discharged in the pipeline system. Design Outlet Characterstics of STP & RO rejects: Table 2-13: Design Outlet Characterstics of STP & RO Rejects Sr. No. Parameters 1 Design Flow 2 pH Units m3/day Outlet of STP RO Reject waters 29000 10000 6.8 - 8 6.0 - 7.5 20 20 < 10 20 < 10 30 3 Temperature Deg C 4 Colour (Pt. Co. Units) mg/l 5 BOD (5 Days at 20 Deg. C) mg/l 6 COD mg/l < 50 150 7 Suspended Solids mg/l < 10 < 10 8 Total Dissolved Solids mg/l < 3400 10000 9 Oil & Grease mg/l <2 <2 10 Phenolic Compounds mg/l <1 <1 11 Fluorides mg/l <2 <2 12 Sulphides mg/l <1 <1 13 Ammonical Nitrogen mg/l < 10 < 10 Characterstics of combined outlet of Treated waste water from Common ETP + RO rejects (of STP treated waters) meeting with Marine Discharge norms is highlighted in the table as below: Characterstics of Common ETP outlet and Sea Discharge pipeline combined outlet compared with CPCB Standards for Marine Discharge: KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | APRIL 2015 59 WELSPUN INDIA LTD., KUTCH EIA, EMP, RA & DMP FOR ONSHORE TREATED WASTE WATER DISPOSAL PIPELINE FOR 25 MLD CAPACITY PROJECT DESCRIPTION Table 2-14: Combiined ETP Outlet in sea discharge pipeline compared with Marine Norms for Sea disposal RO Reject waters Combined Outlet Characterstics to Sea Discharge Pipeline Treated waste water Characterstics as per CPCB Standards for discharge to Marine Coastal Waters Sr. No. Parameters Treated Effluent Characteristics of Common ETP 1 Flow (cu.m per day) 15000 10000 25000 25000 2 pH 7.0 - 7.5 6.0 - 7.5 6.0 - 8 5.5 - 9.0 3 Temperature (Deg C) 30 20 26 < 30 4 Colour (Pt. Co. Units) 100 20 68 < 100 5 BOD (5 Days at 20 Deg. C) 75 30 57 < 100 6 COD 240 150 204 < 250 7 Suspended Solids 50 15 36 < 100 8 Total Dissolved Solids 2500 10000 5500 - 9 Oil & Grease 10 2 6.8 20 10 Phenolic Compounds 2 1 1.6 5 11 Fluorides 1 2 1.4 15 12 Sulphides 0.1 1 0.46 5 13 Ammonical Nitrogen 15 10 13 50 Bio Assay Test 90% survival of fish after 96 hours in 100% effluent 90% survival of fish after 96 hours in 100% effluent 90% survival of fish after 96 hours in 100% effluent 90% survival of fish after 96 hours in 100% effluent 14 2.23 Effluent Treatment Plant Units Description Treatment Scheme is as follows: Collection: The untreated wastewater from various processing & manufacturing units flows by gravity to effluent treatment plant in an open underground collection tank having capacity of 535 cu.m. From here the effluent is pumped to lifting sump through screens. Mechanical Screenings: This pretreatment unit is a device, designed to cater the flow of 800 cu.m/hr, fabricated in SS, with mesh of uniform size, which is used to retain the coarse solids found in wastewater. The floating impurities are also captured in this unit. The screenings are discharged in SS trough & removed manually from here. KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | APRIL 2015 60 WELSPUN INDIA LTD., KUTCH EIA, EMP, RA & DMP FOR ONSHORE TREATED WASTE WATER DISPOSAL PIPELINE FOR 25 MLD CAPACITY PROJECT DESCRIPTION Lifting Sump: The effluent from screening is flow into lifting sump. Here 5 nos. of submersible pumps (each of cap. 208 cu.m/hr) are installed to lift incoming effluent to homogenation tank. Homogenation Tank: The homogenation tank has a normal working volume of 10,000 cu.m with 24 hrs; Equalization for uniform flow & quality. The purpose of equalization is simply damping of flow-rate variations so that constant flow-rate is achieved with considerable amount of constituents concentration. The contents of the tank are mixed with 2 nos. of flow jet, 2 nos. of flow makers, 351 nos. fine air bubble diffusers at bottom of the tank. Two blowers of 1000 cm/hr each are also installed for aeration purpose. The equalized wastewater passes into neutralization tank through an opening at bottom for subsequent treatment. Neutralization Tank: The alkaline homogenized effluent (with pH of 11-12) is neutralized with the dosing of sulphuric acid 98% in neutralization tank of 100 cu.m holding volume. The neutralized effluent having approximately pH - 7.5 is pumped to distributor by means of 3 nos. of submersible pump of cap. 208 cu.m/hr. The acid mixing is carried out by blower-air in the air grid laid at the bottom of the tank. Distributor: The neutralized effluent is distributed to oxidation tank by distributor with working volume of 350 cu.m. The effluent is thoroughly mixed with air by means of air grid. The recycled secondary sludge is also distributed to two oxidation tanks from here. Extended Oxidation Tanks: 2 nos. each of 10000 cu.m holding capacity This is an aerobic biological treatment in which organic compounds present in wastewater (which contribute to COD & BOD values) are consumed by microorganisms as food in a controlled environment of cultivated biomass & efficient aeration. The capacity of the each tank is 10000 cu.m aggregating 20000 cu.m i.e. 48 hrs of hydraulic retention period for max. Capacity. The removal of BOD, coagulation of non-settleable solids & stabilization of organic matter are accomplished using bacteria. The system is comprised of disc type diffusers submerged in wastewater, header pipes, air mains, blowers & appurtenances through which air passes & flow makers. The diffusers are mounted on air manifolds in grid pattern to provide uniform aeration throughout the tank. The function of diffusers is transferring oxygen to bacteria in the tank. The flow makers are used to give momentum to mixed liquor/ contents of the tank, so the settling of biomass is eliminated. The effluent then overflows to secondary lamella clarifier by gravity. Nutrients like Urea & DAP are also dosed in the tank on continuous basis. Sodium hypochlorite & antifoam dosing system are also installed to eliminate sludge bulking due to filamentous growth of microbes & remove foam from oxidation tank respectively. Secondary Lamella Clarifier: The clarifier capacity is 1500 cu.m. The tank is having parallel hexagonal tube packs (made of thin PVC hexagonal tubing, inclined at 60 Deg angle from horizontal for improving settling efficiency of conventional clarifier. The clarified effluent overflows in the launders & passes to mixers. Mixers: The clarified effluent passes into the 2 nos. mixers for pretreatment for color removal. Here chemicals like alum; polyelectrolyte & decolorant are added to the effluent for removal of colloidal KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | APRIL 2015 61 WELSPUN INDIA LTD., KUTCH EIA, EMP, RA & DMP FOR ONSHORE TREATED WASTE WATER DISPOSAL PIPELINE FOR 25 MLD CAPACITY PROJECT DESCRIPTION solids & traces of color respectively. From here the flocculated effluent passes to tertiary lamella clarifier. Secondary Clarifier: This unit is having volumetric capacity of 12000 cu.m. The function of clarifier is to separate activated sludge solids from mixed liquor. Solid separation is final step in production of well-clarified, stable effluent flow in BOD & SS and represents critical link in operation of extended aeration system. A revolving mechanism with scrapper at bottom & gear mounted assembly helps in transport & removal of settled sludge from clarifier. The treated water overflows in the launder & then fed to filtration plant. The sludge from the bottom of clarifier flows into the recycle tank & from here it is recycled in oxidation tank through distributor. The excess sludge is wasted in belt press. Sludge handling unit (for biological unit) The sludge handling unit having capacity of 8-20 cum/hr is a combination of reactor drum, dynamic thickener followed by a belt press the complete unit is of Interco Italian make. Automatic poly-preparator unit with dosing pumps is also provided for proper polymer dosing. The treated water overflows in the launder & then to holding sump. From here the treated effluent is fed to filtration section. Quartz Filters This is the very first stage of a water recovery system & its main purpose is the removal of suspended solids from water coming from a biological treatment plant. The media material used is quartzes sand and gravel of special & different granulometrics in multi – layer. This equipment is fully automatic & very efficient with a achievable filtration up to 100 microns. Resin Filters The resin filtration is an alternative to activated carbon filtration. For resin filters, a regenerable weak anionic Purolite Resin is used in place of activated carbon. Following advantages have been acknowledged; The resin require regeneration but as the regeneration for these resins is possible to be performed on - line with caustic soda at & with sodium chloride, so the expensive load and unload of activated carbon for its regeneration are avoided. The operating cost of resin filtration is less than half in comparison to activated carbon, even in the less favorable situation. By placing resin filters at this stage give a reduction of 20 - 50 % of COD and a great color removal is achieved. Softeners & Degasser: The softeners & degassers are used to reduce Ca, Mg and alkalinity from the treated water so that the membrane life of RO & efficiency can be improved of latter stages of recovery units. Ultra-Filtration The ultra-filtration is done before RO for proper pre-treatment. UF ensures a constant quality of water at low cost. After UF, the water is free from suspended solids, collides & bacteria. Reverse Osmosis (3- stages): Through reverse osmosis it is certainly possible to obtain the best quality of recovered water, since this technology allows separating the whole organic substance and also part of the inorganic substance (salinity, hardness, some kinds of metal) from the water. The quality of permeate, i.e. osmotized water, is such that it can be used in dye baths, in boilers and in any other section where KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | APRIL 2015 62 WELSPUN INDIA LTD., KUTCH EIA, EMP, RA & DMP FOR ONSHORE TREATED WASTE WATER DISPOSAL PIPELINE FOR 25 MLD CAPACITY PROJECT DESCRIPTION a great quantity of raw material is required. The system comprises of cartridge filters & specific membranes for three -stage RO to suit this specific & typical nature of waste water , i.e. dye house waste water. Physico – chemical unit: The reject of 3rd stage RO is again treated in physico-chemical unit. In-order to reduce the carbonates and bi-carbonates of Ca, Mg and silica the following chemicals are used lime, soda ash, ferric chloride and poly. Sludge Handling Unit (for physico – chemical plant): The sludge handling unit having capacity of 4-8 cum/hr is a combination of reactor drum, dynamic thickener followed by a belt press the complete unit is of Intereco, Italy make. An automatic poly-preparation unit with dosing pumps is also provided for proper polymer dosing. The treated water overflows in the launder & then to holding sump. From here the treated effluent is fed to filtration section. Multi Media Filter (MMF): The removal of suspended solids from water coming from a physico – chemical treatment plant. The media material used is quartzes sand and gravel of special & different granulometrics in multi – layer. The equipment is fully automatic & very efficient with an achievable filtration up to 50 microns. Ultra-Filtration: The Ultra-filtration is done before RO for proper pretreatment. UF ensures a constant quality of water at low cost. After UF, the water is free from suspended solids, collides & bacteria. Reverse Osmosis (4th – stage): The system comprises of cartridge filters & specific membranes for three -stage RO to suit this specific & typical nature of wastewater (i.e. high salinity water). Wind Evaporators: We have installed 11 Nos. of Wind Evaporators each is having 7 modules for concentrating the RO Rejects. The residual slats collected from the Wind evaporator is further dried and is disposed as Solid waste in TSDF operated by GPCB approved Operator. Block Diagram of ETP A block diagram of existing ETP is presented in figure below: KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | APRIL 2015 63 WELSPUN INDIA LTD., KUTCH EIA, EMP, RA & DMP FOR ONSHORE TREATED WASTE WATER DISPOSAL PIPELINE FOR 25 MLD CAPACITY PROJECT DESCRIPTION Figure 2-10: Block Diagram of Existing Common ETP Figure 2-11: ETP Flow Diagram of Existing Common ETP at WIL KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | APRIL 2015 64 WELSPUN INDIA LTD., KUTCH EIA, EMP, RA & DMP FOR ONSHORE TREATED WASTE WATER DISPOSAL PIPELINE FOR 25 MLD CAPACITY PROJECT DESCRIPTION 2.23.1 Sizing of units in Existing Common ETP The sizing of existing units of Common ETP are as presented in Table as below: Table 2-15: Civil Unit Dimensions and Volumes in Existing Common ETP No. Description Size Volume 1 Collection Tank - Collection of untreated effluent from different process houses 9.0 m x 9.0 m x 6.6 m 535.0 m3 2 Screening - Design flow: 800 m3/hr 2.5 m x 1.6 m x 1.9 m - 3 Lifting Sump 5.0 m x 5.0 m x 5.0 m 125.0 m3 4 Homogenizing Tank 2 Nos - flow jet for uniform mixing of effluent 2 Nos. Flow Mixers 2 Nos. Blowers each of 1000 CMH 107. m x 16.0 m x 6.5 m 10000.0 m3 5 Neutralization Tank - 98 % Sulphuric Acid dosing 1.5 m x 8.0 m x 7.0 m 100.0 m3 6 Distributor - Flow distribution to oxidation tank - 350.0 m3 7 Biological Oxidation Tank - Disc type fine bubble membrane diffusers (2222 nos. in each tank) at bottom of tank, air supplied through the blower. 5 nos. of flow makers are also installed to keep mixed liquor in suspension. 3 Blowers each of max. 6500 CMH 2 Blowers each of max. 3800 CMH 107.0 m x 16.0 m x 6.5 m x 2 nos. 20000.0 m3 8 Biological Lamella Clarifier - Parallel Hexagonal Tube Packs are installed in submerged condition for providing more surface area for biological sludge settlement 12.0 m x 12.0 x 6.3 m 715.0 m3 9 Tertiary Lamella Clarifier - Parallel Plate Packs are installed in submerged condition for providing more surface area for sludge settlement 9.3 m x 9.m x 5.7 m 390.0 m3 10 Circular Clarifier - 52 m diameter 52.0m Dia x 5 m depth 10000.0 m3 11 Fishes Basin 2.0 m x 2.0 m x 0.5 m 2.0 m3 12 Quartz Filtration Plant 10000 cu.m/day 13 Resin Filtration Plant 10000 cu.m/day 14 UltraFiltration Plant 10000 cu.m/day 15 Softener & decarbonizers 10000 cu.m/day 16 Reverse Osmosis Plant 10000 cu.m/day 17 Nano-Filtration 18 Evaporation 800 cu.m/day 1100 cu.m/day 2.23.2 Adequacy of Existing + Proposed Modifications of Common ETP Details of Existing and Proposed Expansion Units of Common ETP with Recycling UF and RO System and Adequacy Check of existing units; Table 2-16: Adequacy of Existing ETP units and New Units for total capacity of 15 MLD Sr No Unit Description Existing Units Details Nos Capacity Nos Capacity 1 Collection Tank 1 535 cu.m - 2 Mechanical Screen 1 800 cu.m/hr 1 KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | APRIL 2015 Proposed Augmentation Details (Additional Units) Retention Time at 15 MLD capacity Remarks - 50 min OK 800 cu.m/hr Catering to total flow of OK 65 WELSPUN INDIA LTD., KUTCH Sr No EIA, EMP, RA & DMP FOR ONSHORE TREATED WASTE WATER DISPOSAL PIPELINE FOR 25 MLD CAPACITY Unit Description Existing Units Details Nos Capacity Proposed Augmentation Details (Additional Units) Nos Retention Time at 15 MLD capacity PROJECT DESCRIPTION Remarks Capacity 19000 cu.m per day 3 Lifting Sump 1 125 cu.m - - 12 min OK 4 Homogenizing (Equalization) Tank 1 10000 cu.m - - 16 Hrs OK 5 Neutralization Tank 1 100 cu.m - - 10 min OK 6 Biological Oxidation Tank 2 10000 cu.m 1 10000 2 days OK 7 Clarifier 1 10000 cu.m - - 16 Hrs OK 8 Biological Lamella Clarifier 1 900 cu.m - - 1.44 Hrs OK 9 Tertiary Lamella Clarifier 1 500 cu.m - - 48 min OK 10 Quartz Filtration Units 8 1540 cu.m per day 11 Resin Filters 8 1540 cu.m per day Quartz & resin filters will be replaced by micron filters 900 cu.m/hr – 18 hrs of operation 12 Treated Waste Water Mixing Tank Mixing Tank 8x8x3m SWD + 1 m FB – 190 cu.m 10 min OK 13 Ultra Filtration Plant 4 2640 cu.m per day 1 5000 cu.m per day (1st Phase) Total 15000 cu.m per day OK 14 Ultra Filtration Plant - - 3 15000 cu.m per day (2nd Phase Total for 45000 cu.m per day OK 15 Reverse Osmosis Plant 4 2640 cu.m per day 1 5000 cu.m per day (1st Phase Total 15000 cu.m per day OK 16 Reverse Osmosis Plant - - 3 15000 cu.m per day (2nd Phase) Total for 45000 cu.m per day OK OK Thus in the proposed modifications of Common ETP from 10 MLD to 15 MLD following items will be added/replaced/isolated: Addition of mechanical screening mechanism. Addition of one new Biological oxidation tank. Replacing the existing Quartz and Resin Filters by Micron Filters for better efficiency KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | APRIL 2015 66 WELSPUN INDIA LTD., KUTCH EIA, EMP, RA & DMP FOR ONSHORE TREATED WASTE WATER DISPOSAL PIPELINE FOR 25 MLD CAPACITY PROJECT DESCRIPTION Existing UF and RO with expansion for total capacity of 15 MLD (Ist Phase) will be utilized for recycling of treated sewage waters. Existing ETP waters after biological treatment and tertiary Micron Filters will be sent for disposal in pipeline system. One new Treated waste water tank will be constructed to mix the treated waste waters from ETP and RO Reject waters before drainage in the gravity pipeline manhole. Existing Wind Evaporators will be isolated and will not be used for any further activities. Block diagram of existing & proposed ETP after Modifications and Layout of ETP with modifications is presented in figure as below: Figure 2-12: Augmented ETP Flow Diagram – 15 MLD Capacity KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | APRIL 2015 67 WELSPUN INDIA LTD., KUTCH EIA, EMP, RA & DMP FOR ONSHORE TREATED WASTE WATER DISPOSAL PIPELINE FOR 25 MLD CAPACITY PROJECT DESCRIPTION Figure 2-13: Layout of ETP Augmentation Works A treatability / performance evaluation study cum adequacy of the Existing ETP and Proposed STP of 30 MLD capacity is enclosed vide Annexure 3 of this report. Compliance to existing CCA conditions is presented at Annexure 8. Selected Alignment Route is presented at Annexure 7. 2.24 Sewage Treatment Plant Units Description – 30 MLD capacity 2.24.1 Design Flow & Characterstics: Average design flow rate: 30 MLD = 1250 cu.m/hr = 0.347 cu.m/sec Peak design flow rate: 67.5 MLD = 2812.5 cu.m/hr = 0.781 cu.m/sec Minimum Flow rate – 0.5 x average design flow rate = 0.5 x 0.347 = 0.174 cu.m/sec KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | APRIL 2015 68 WELSPUN INDIA LTD., KUTCH EIA, EMP, RA & DMP FOR ONSHORE TREATED WASTE WATER DISPOSAL PIPELINE FOR 25 MLD CAPACITY PROJECT DESCRIPTION Design Characterstics: The design inlet and outlet characteristics of STP are highlighted as below: Table 2-17: Design Characterstics of New STP Parameters Unit Min. Values of observed Characterstics of Sewage Waters Max. Values of observed Characterstics of Sewage Waters Average Values of observed sewage Characterstics Recommended Inlet Characteristics pH -- 7.57 8.25 7.85 6.5 - 8 Temperature deg. C 27.10 28.20 27.80 20 - 30 BOD, soluble mg/l 13.00 142.00 36.25 130 BOD @ 27 deg. C for 3 days mg/l 89.00 295.00 142.25 275 COD mg/l 311.98 1,127.17 513.26 600 TSS mg/l 70.00 896.00 289.00 600 Total hardness (as CaCO3) mg/l 438.24 657.36 527.88 650 Carbonate hardness (as CaCO3) mg/l 438.24 657.36 527.88 -- Magnesium hardness (as CaCO3) mg/l 39.84 219.12 59.76 80 TDS mg/l 1,548.00 3,450.00 2,740.00 3,400 Fixed Solids mg/l 946.00 2,244.00 1,748.00 2,200 Chloride (as Cl) mg/l 716.16 1,364.20 878.15 1350 Sulphate (as SO4) mg/l 11.33 539.33 216.48 380 TKN mg/l 20.22 66.66 41.19 60 Ammonia mg/l 17.98 62.92 38.20 57 Total Phosphate mg/l 2.20 35.74 5.20 5 Nitrate mg/l 2.96 19.57 8.43 16 Potassium mg/l 1.80 26.10 22.65 20 Alkalinity(as CaCO3) mg/l 331.70 834.60 716.90 750 Conductivity μS / cm 617.52 5,050.00 3,950.00 5,000 Ammonium (as NH4) mg/l 0.17 15.52 4.04 6 2.24.2 Description of units for STP Inlet Chamber The Inlet chamber will receive sewage from Raw Sewage pumping stations at Anjar and Gandhidham-Adipur (combined) through the rising mains of 600mm and 800mm dia. transmission KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | APRIL 2015 69 WELSPUN INDIA LTD., KUTCH EIA, EMP, RA & DMP FOR ONSHORE TREATED WASTE WATER DISPOSAL PIPELINE FOR 25 MLD CAPACITY PROJECT DESCRIPTION pipelines respectively. From the Inlet Chamber, the raw sewage shall flow by gravity to Mechanical Fine / Manual Coarse Screen Channels. Mechanical Fine Screen Channel The Raw sewage from the inlet chamber shall flow by gravity into the Mechanical Fine Screen Channels. Either Step type or Rotary Drum Type of mechanical screen are proposed. Each Mechanical Fine Screen channel shall be designed for 50% of the peak design flow and during design flow conditions, both screens shall operate in parallel. Screenings will be mechanically collected on a Conveyor Belt and conveyed through a stainless steel Chute to Truck/ Tractor Trolley positioned at Ground Level. Manual Coarse Screen Channel The Manual Coarse Screen Channel will be used as a standby unit in the event of the Mechanical Fine Screen Channels being offline. The Manual Coarse Screen Channel shall be provided with Inlet/ Outlet Isolation Sluice Gates. Grit Chamber & Grit Channel The Screened Sewage will be conveyed to the inlet channel of the Grit Chamber / Grit channel. The grit chamber will be designed for 100% of the peak design flow. A mechanical type grit scraping device will be provided in the Grit chamber that scrapes the settled grit to a side pocket from where it is lifted by classifier mechanism above the water level and is dropped through a chute into a bin or trolley. An organic return pump is provided to send the water collected in the pocket back into the main chamber. The grit is settled in the main chamber and after de-gritting the sewage overflows into the outlet channel. De-gritted sewage shall flow through a Sutro / Proportional Weir where flow measurement shall be done using a graduated scale. Extended Aeration Process (EA) - including Biological Nitrogen Removal Anoxic Tanks The Anoxic Tanks ensure de-nitrification of the sewage through internal/ sludge recycle. There shall be minimum 2.0 numbers of Anoxic Tanks. The Anoxic Tanks shall be provided with submersible mixers to prevent settlement. Aeration tanks There shall be minimum 2 numbers of Aeration Tanks. The Aeration Tanks shall be oxygenated using fine air bubble diffused aeration and shall effectively bio-degrade the organic matter and organic/ ammonia nitrogen in the sewage to the required soluble BOD/ nitrogen level of purity. The aeration tank shall be designed for completely mixed conditions with the extended aeration principles. Secondary Clarifier The sewage from the Distribution chamber shall flow by gravity to Secondary Clarifiers. There shall be minimum 2 numbers of Secondary Clarifiers. Each Secondary Clarifiers shall be sized for 50% of the design flow. However the hydraulic design shall provide for the entire sewage flow including design flow to be routed through one number of Clarifier when any one of the clarifier is shut down for maintenance. KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | APRIL 2015 70 WELSPUN INDIA LTD., KUTCH EIA, EMP, RA & DMP FOR ONSHORE TREATED WASTE WATER DISPOSAL PIPELINE FOR 25 MLD CAPACITY PROJECT DESCRIPTION Deep Bed Multimedia Filters The Secondary Treated Sewage water shall be pumped into a common inlet channel of Deep Bed Multimedia Filters leading one or more bank of filters as per the layout arrangement. The filters shall be Deep Bed Multimedia Filters, constant head, and constant rate deep bed filters. The filter gallery shall house the filter outlet channel, the backwash and air scour pipework mains and outlet, backwash and air scour valve gear. Facilities shall be provided for local and remote control through PLC/SCADA of the actuator and for local and remote indication of valve position. The gallery shall be adequately ventilated and lighted. An overflow arrangement shall be provided from the common inlet channel which shall discharge into the backwash water channel for bypassing the filters in case of any emergency. Secondary Sludge Pumping Station Secondary Sludge Pumping Station is provided to collect and transfer the sludge. Secondary sludge from the Secondary Clarifiers shall be wasted continuously/ intermittently to the Gravity Sludge Thickeners using Surplus Activated Sludge (SAS) Pumps. Pumps shall also be provided to recycle settled secondary sludge (RAS) back to the inlet of anoxic tank distribution Chamber. The Secondary sludge pumping Station shall consist of wet well with installed submersible pumps, a valve chamber and a separate electrical control panel level. Chlorine Contact Tank (CCT) Treated water from the Deep Bed Multimedia Filtration system shall be conveyed to the Chlorine Contact Tank for disinfection and then will be pumped to the Intermediate Storage Tank located in the Tertiary Treatment Plant at Welspun City premises, for further treatment / polishing. Part of the water shall be pumped to the Overhead Backwash Tank of the Deep Bed Multimedia Filters and for plant water requirements within the STP. Gravity Sludge Thickeners The gravity Sludge Thickeners shall be designed to thicken the surplus sludge produced from secondary biological treatment process. The sludge thickener shall thicken the secondary sludge to 4.0% minimum TSS concentration (dry solids basis). Thickened sludge shall be directly collected or conveyed through belt / screw conveyors to a sump / hopper having 1 hour retention time, and then pumped to 2 Nos. of mechanical sludge dewatering units (1 duty + 1 stand by)using Thickened Sludge Pumps continuously/ intermittently as required. The filtrate from the thickener shall be recycled to the inlet chamber by pumping. Sludge Dewatering Unit The Thickened Sludge Storage Tank is provided to collect and transfer the Thickened Sludge from Sludge Thickener to Mechanical Sludge Dewatering Equipment. Centreate Sump The network of the plant drain, overflow arrangement, supernatant from thickeners, dewatering centrifuges & dirty backwash from deep bed multimedia filters shall be terminated at the Centreate Sump. The drain out connection from various units of the STP in the form of lateral lines shall be connected to one / two common trunks lines leading to the plant drain-out sump. KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | APRIL 2015 71 WELSPUN INDIA LTD., KUTCH EIA, EMP, RA & DMP FOR ONSHORE TREATED WASTE WATER DISPOSAL PIPELINE FOR 25 MLD CAPACITY PROJECT DESCRIPTION Treated Water Sump The Treated Water Sump / Wet Well shall be located adjoining the Chlorine Contact Tank. Suitable number of submersible pumps with standby to handle the plant water requirement such as gardening, flushing, cleaning of equipment etc. shall be installed. 2.24.3 List of Civil Units with Unit Sizing for STP A list of civil units for STP along with their sizing and capacity in terms of volume is highlighted in the table below: Table 2-18: List of Units of STP – 30 MLD capacity Sr. No. Unit 1 Length / Dia., m Width, m SWD, m FB, m Qty. Volume, / Area in cu.m or sq.m Inlet chamber 4.80 2 5 0.5 1W 53 2 Mechanical Fine screen channel (6mm spacing) 9.50 1.40 0.65 0.5 2W 31 3 Manual Coarse bar screen channel (20 mm spacing) 9.50 2.00 0.50 0.5 1S 19 4 Grit Chamber 8.40 8.40 0.7 0.5 1W 82.5 0.50 1S 122.5 5 Grit Channel 20.00 3.50 0.75 + 0.5 m Grit storage 6 Anoxic Zone 28.00 20.40 5.50 0.60 2W 6969 7 Aeration Tank 94.50 31.50 5.50 0.50 2W 35721 8 Distribution Chamber for Secondary Clarifier 3.5 3.5 2 0.5 1W 31 9 Secondary Clarifier 52.00 ‐‐ 3.00 0.5 2W 14866.5 10 DBM Filter 6.00 4.40 5.50 0.5 6W + 2S 1267.5 11 CCT 23 10 4 0.5 1W 1035 12 Wet well 10 7.5 4 0.5 1W 337.5 13 Sludge sump 7 2.25 2 0.5 1W 39.5 14 Dirty backwash tank 20 3.5 3.5 0.5 1W 280 15 Filtrate sump 6 8 2.5 0.5 1W 144 16 Chlorination building 28 6 7 ‐ 1 168 17 Centrifuge building 12 4 7 ‐ 1 48 18 Blower room 38 8 7 ‐ 1 304 19 Operator room 10 8 3 ‐ 1 80 20 HT/LT substation 25 20 5.5 ‐ 1 500 21 MEP room 5.5 5.5 3 ‐ 1 30.25 22 Road Works ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ Lot ‐ KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | APRIL 2015 72 WELSPUN INDIA LTD., KUTCH EIA, EMP, RA & DMP FOR ONSHORE TREATED WASTE WATER DISPOSAL PIPELINE FOR 25 MLD CAPACITY PROJECT DESCRIPTION 2.24.4 Adequacy of Proposed STP Adequacy of proposed STP is presented in table as below Table 2-19: Adequacy of Proposed STP Sr. No. Unit Qty. Remarks Flow Volume, Total Volume m3/day m3 m3 Min Hr Day HRT 1 Inlet chamber 1 30000 48 48 2 - - OK 2 Mechanical Fine screen channel (6mm spacing) 2 30000 8.6 17.2 1 - - OK 3 Manual Coarse bar screen channel (20 mm spacing) 1 30000 9.5 9.5 0.5 - - OK 4 Grit Chamber 1 30000 49.4 49.4 2 - - OK 5 Grit Channel 1 30000 56 56 3 - - OK 6 Anoxic Zone 2 30000 3141.6 6283.2 - 5.0 - OK 7 Aeration Tank 2 30000 16372.1 32744.25 - - 1.1 OK 8 Distribution Chamber for Secondary Clarifier 1 30000 24.5 24.5 1 - - OK 9 Secondary Clarifier 2 30000 6367.9 12735.8 - 10.2 - OK 10 DBM Filter 8 30000 145.2 1161.6 56 - - OK 11 CCT 1 30000 920 920 44 - - OK 13 Sludge sump 1 30000 31.5 31.5 2 - - OK 14 Dirty backwash tank 1 30000 245 245 12 - - OK 15 Filtrate sump 1 30000 120 120 6 - - OK The Layout plan of STP is presented in Figure as below: KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | APRIL 2015 73 WELSPUN INDIA LTD., KUTCH EIA, EMP, RA & DMP FOR ONSHORE TREATED WASTE WATER DISPOSAL PIPELINE FOR 25 MLD CAPACITY PROJECT DESCRIPTION Figure 2-14: Block Diagram of STP Figure 2-15: Layout of STP works near WIL Premises A combined Layout of STP and ETP with augmentations is presented in figure as below: KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | APRIL 2015 74 WELSPUN INDIA LTD., KUTCH EIA, EMP, RA & DMP FOR ONSHORE TREATED WASTE WATER DISPOSAL PIPELINE FOR 25 MLD CAPACITY PROJECT DESCRIPTION Figure 2-16: Combined Layout Plan of STP and ETP 2.25 Water & Waste Water Generation during Pipeline laying operation 2.25.1 Water Requirement during Construction and Operation Phase of Pipeline Construction Phase Pipeline is laid by a large group of skilled and unskilled workers and labourers. For the proposed pipeline, it is tentatively expected to have 2 - 3 welding machines on site for HDPE jointing & same for DWC Pipes. This would require about 50 people for complete operations of laying of the pipeline. Offshore operations will require a fleet of around 100 persons. The water requirement will be for the following purposes during the construction and laying operations of the pipeline: Domestic Use Concreting work – Precast / Cast in Situ Dust Suppression Other uses like equipment washings etc. Details of average water requirement are presented in Table 2-20. Table 2-20: Estimated Daily Water Requirement Sr. No. Purpose Average Demand (KLD) Source 1. Dust suppression 5 By Tanker KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | APRIL 2015 75 WELSPUN INDIA LTD., KUTCH EIA, EMP, RA & DMP FOR ONSHORE TREATED WASTE WATER DISPOSAL PIPELINE FOR 25 MLD CAPACITY PROJECT DESCRIPTION Sr. No. Purpose Average Demand (KLD) Source 2. Domestic (100 lpcd x 50 persons) 5 By Tanker 3. Other uses like equipment washings 5 By Tanker Total (KLD) 15 There will be a onetime water requirement for Hydrostatic testing of the pipeline. Efficient use of water will be ensured by reusing the water in different test sections. Water will be made available through various agencies after taking due permissions from the concerned authorities, as necessary. Operation Phase Total water requirement which will include domestic, green belt development and fire-fighting requirements for the pumping station, which will be around 20 cu.m/day. Source of Water will be tapped by tankers by WIL. Efficient use of water will be ensured by reusing the water as feasible. 2.25.2 Wastewater Generation & Wastewater Disposal Details of average waste water generated and its mode of disposal arrangement is presented in following table: Table 2-21: Estimated Waste Water Generation during Construction Phase Sr. No. Purpose Average Waste Water Generation (KLD) Disposal Mode 1. Dust suppression - - 2. Domestic Waste Water 4.5 Temporary Septic Tank and Soak Pit System at location of camps 3. Other uses like equipment washings 2 Will be treated and disposed of in Septic Tank and Soak pit system Total 6.5 Efficient use of water will be ensured by reusing the water as feasible. Operation Phase About 5 KLD of domestic wastewater will be generated which will be suitably disposed off as per present consent conditions as approved by GPCB. 2.26 Air Environment Construction Phase During the construction phase, DG sets will be used for power supply. Diesel will be used as primary fuel for operation of equipments for laying of the pipeline. Operation Phase In proposed pipeline project only one stack will be added due to new DG set required at proposed pumping station which is operate during power failure. KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | APRIL 2015 76 WELSPUN INDIA LTD., KUTCH EIA, EMP, RA & DMP FOR ONSHORE TREATED WASTE WATER DISPOSAL PIPELINE FOR 25 MLD CAPACITY PROJECT DESCRIPTION Also one more DG set will be installed for proposed Sewage Treatment Plant for emergency use in case of power failure. The details of proposed stacks is given in below table. Table 2-22: Details of Proposed Stack additions due to pipeline project Sr. No. Stack Attached to Type of Fuel used Stack Height in m each APCM Fuel Consumption 1 DG Set at pumping station (750 KVA) – 1 no. LDO 10 - 200 lit/hr 2 DG Set for Proposed STP (750 KVA) – 1 no. LDO 10 - 200 lit/hr 2.27 Solid/Hazardous Waste Management Details of waste Generation The hazardous waste generated from the existing unit of WIL and proposed pipeline operations is described in below table: Table 2-23: Details of Hazardous Waste Generation Category 5.1 34.3 Type of Waste Existing Proposed Total Disposal Mode Used Oil 60 KL/Month 0.02 KL/Month 60.02 KL/Month Collection, Storage, Transportation, disposal by selling out to authorized registered recyclers 400 MT/Month Collection, Storage, Transportation, disposal at common TSDF site of M/s Saurashtra Enviro Projects Pvt. Ltd. ETP Sludge 290 MT/Month 110 MT/Month 33.3 Discarded Containers 3000 Nos/Month 0 3000 Nos/Month Collection, Storage, Transport and decontaminate at site or send to decontaminate facility 34.3 Chemical waste Sludge (4th Stage RO) 0 MT/Month 250 MT/Month 250 MT/Month Collection, Storage, Transportation, disposal at common TSDF site Non Hazardous Waste - STP Sludge 0 250 Tones/Month 250 Tones/Month Use as Manure Handling and Management of Wastes During construction, solid waste generated will include packaging and wrapping material, used rags and house keeping waste from the construction sites etc. Contractors will be responsible for disposal / resale of the wastes and these shall be disposed off as per the applicable legislative requirements. The other solid waste generated during construction phase would be the soil excavated during trenching. The excavated soil will be used for refilling to the extent possible. KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | APRIL 2015 77 WELSPUN INDIA LTD., KUTCH EIA, EMP, RA & DMP FOR ONSHORE TREATED WASTE WATER DISPOSAL PIPELINE FOR 25 MLD CAPACITY PROJECT DESCRIPTION Used oils and other lubricants from equipment will be collected in enclosed container before disposing off to local authorized recyclers as per applicable legislative requirements. 2.28 Source of Noise and its Abatement Construction Phase Major noise sources will be from mobile machineries at the site which include the following: Cranes Side booms Excavators Welding machines Thrust bore / auger boring machines Bulldozers Pumps Tractors and trailers Tippers / dumpers The noise level at a construction site due to various noise generating equipment is expected to be less than 90 dB(A) near equipment, and lesser at the edge of the site, due to attenuation, wherein it will atleast conform to the norms of the CPCB for industrial areas. The noise exposure to the workers will not exceed stipulated norms. The increase in noise levels due to transportation activities will be marginal and intermittent. Since care has been taken to avoid laying the pipeline through populated areas, nuisance to public is not anticipated. The noise abatement measures to be adopted are given below: Noise levels will be reduced by use of adequate mufflers on all motorized equipment. Ear muffs will be used by the operators of the heavy machinery. Modern ‘quiet-running’ equipment shall be used wherever available. Each item of powered machinery used on site shall be properly maintained and serviced so as to minimize noise emissions Stationary equipment shall be located so as to minimize noise impact on the community. Operation Phase During operation phase due care will be taken to reduce noise pollution generated by pumping station by providing: Flooring shall be of absorbing type material for sound. Acoustic enclosure to be provided for equipments wherever necessary. Plantation of trees and green belt nearby the pump house to absorb noise levels. DG sets will be provided with proper acoustic enclosures 2.29 Fuel/Energy Requirement Construction Phase During the construction phase, DG sets will be used for power supply. Diesel will be used as primary fuel for operation of equipments for laying of the pipeline works. KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | APRIL 2015 78 WELSPUN INDIA LTD., KUTCH EIA, EMP, RA & DMP FOR ONSHORE TREATED WASTE WATER DISPOSAL PIPELINE FOR 25 MLD CAPACITY PROJECT DESCRIPTION Operation Phase New pumping station will have one DG Set which will be operational occasionally. Normal pumping will be carried out using PGVCL power supply. The consumption rate and quantity will be finalized after detailed engineering. Diesel storage will be in form of day tank provided along with DG set. The HSD/LDO required will be sourced from a nearby depot. Table 2-24: Details of Proposed D.G. Set at pumping station and at STP Stack Attached to Type of Fuel used Stack Height in m each Fuel consumption DG Set (750 KVA) - 1No. LDO 10 200 Lit/hr DG Set (750 KVA) - 1No. LDO 10 200 Lit/hr 2.30 Air/Fugitive Emissions During the construction phase, there will be emissions from vehicles (cranes, trucks, bull dozer excavators and DG sets). No emissions are envisaged during the operation phase other than occasional use of DG sets. 2.31 Workforce Requirement for the Project Temporarily, a maximum of about 100 persons are expected to work over the spread. Camping will be done along the site. During the operational phase, about 10 personnel will be deployed at the pumping station location. 2.32 Compensatory Plantation Compensatory plantation will be carried out as required under relevant government guidelines / legislation such as state specific regulations and acts. 2.33 Post-installation Monitoring of the Pipeline Pipeline is laid along the approaches throughout the alignment route, in order to have survelliance, post monitoring and maintenance activities for the pipeline. Surveillance of the entire pipeline will be held periodically through ground patrolling. Operators with knowledge of local area will be deployed for patrolling/survey of the pipeline route. Any unsafe activities noted on ground will be reported by ground monitoring personnels to the staff which will be duly addressed to. Ground patrolling crew will also check condition of pipeline markers en route and the physical condition of the various pipeline appurtenances. The maintenance crew will attend missing markers and replace the same. All station equipment shall be maintained as per manufacturer’s recommendations. Also equipment health monitoring actions like vibration measurements, lubricating oil checking etc. shall be periodically carried out. All monitoring instruments will be periodically calibrated as per the recommendations of the manufacturer. The calibrating procedures and periodicity of monitoring will be included in the Standard Operating Procedures. KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | APRIL 2015 79 WELSPUN INDIA LTD., KUTCH EIA, EMP, RA & DMP FOR ONSHORE TREATED WASTE WATER DISPOSAL PIPELINE FOR 25 MLD CAPACITY PROJECT DESCRIPTION The pipeline shall be repaired and maintained based on the survey, inspection and testing reports and as per standard standards and guidelines. Any leak or damage shall be repaired promptly. 2.34 Safety Aspects 2.34.1 Safety Aspects of Pipeline The following shall be implemented to ensure safety of the pipeline. Pipeline marker signs will be placed where the pipeline crosses rivers or highways and at other major crossings. Line of sight of markers will be maintained. Operators of the pipeline system will be fully informed about general safety aspects. The pipeline will be physically patrolled by ground staff. In addition, during day-to-day operational and maintenance activities, operational staff will keep vigil on all activities occurring around the pipeline and report such activities to the appropriate authorities. The database on which the DMP is programmed will be updated periodically. All the relevant information will be updated as soon as there is some new addition or change in the key aspects of the DMP. DMP and Emergency Response will be fully computerized and integrated with the global database for quickest response. Painting of pipeline appurtenances (valves, meters, etc.) will be performed as necessary to prevent atmospheric corrosion. 2.34.2 Safety Aspects at Pumping Stations Safeguards at Pumping Station The Pumping station facilities will be provided with following safety features: Emergency shutdown features. Ventilation of the pump building. Regular inspection and maintenance of equipment. Control and communications equipment. Fencing to reduce the chance of unauthorized entry. All electrical equipment in compliance with Hazardous area classification as per BIS Standards (IS 5572:1994). Proper earthing of station piping, fencing and equipment to discharge fault or induced voltages safely in the event of lightning strike. Fire Fighting Facilities Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) PPE will be made available and required to be worn by all site personnel. The use of PPE will be mandatory. In the event of accidental or mechanical damage, the defective equipment shall be reported to site HSE representative for replacement. PPE will be issued on initial start of work and shall be replaced on the basis of wear and tear. The involved HSE personnel will assess where special PPE is required over and above the minimum level required for the task. Each person shall be supplied with the minimum PPE at the site like hard hat, coveralls, steel-toed boots, eye protection if applicable and gloves in most cases. KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | APRIL 2015 80 WELSPUN INDIA LTD., KUTCH EIA, EMP, RA & DMP FOR ONSHORE TREATED WASTE WATER DISPOSAL PIPELINE FOR 25 MLD CAPACITY 3 DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT 3.1 General DESCRIPTION OF ENVIRONMENT This chapter illustrates the description of the existing environmental status of the study area with reference to the prominent environmental attributes. The study area covers 7 km radius on all sides of pipeline along entire length from origin (Welspun Premises near Common ETP) upto Landfall Point (LFP). The land use and socio-economic aspects were studied with respect to 7 km radius around the pipeline alignment. The existing environmental setting is considered to adjudge the baseline conditions which are described with respect to climate, atmospheric conditions, water quality, soil quality, ecology, socioeconomic profile, land use and places of archaeological importance. 3.2 Methodology The methodology for conducting the baseline environmental survey obtained from the guidelines given in the EIA Manual of the MoEF. Baseline information with respect to air, noise, water and land quality in the study area was collected by conducting primary sampling / field studies during the post monsoon season i.e. October, November & December of year 2014. 3.3 Study Area Included in Environmental The area of 7 km radius on both sides of pipeline along entire length from origin (Welspun Premises near Common ETP) up to Landfall Point (LFP) is considered as study area. 3.4 Description of the Land Use 3.4.1 Classification of Land use and Land cover The National Remote Sensing Agency (NRSA), Government of India, conducted a land use survey using Remote Sensing Techniques in the year 1988-89 at the behest of the Planning Commission for classifying land by visual interpretation techniques and digital techniques. NRSA’s output resulted in a two-level system of classification, comprising seven primary land use / land cover categories. Some of these primary categories required further delineation, leading to a second level of classification that resulted in further sub-categories. This system of classification has been the basis for Kadam’s land use / land cover studies. Whilst these categories are generally found relevant with respect to describing land use and land cover classes in the Indian context, sometimes modifications are required, and made, to include additional sub-categories, which are more relevant in describing the land use and land cover for a particular study. Such sub-categories are defined, in any case. 3.4.2 Study Methodology Adopted The study area covers a distance equal to 7 km from the project boundary. The study methodology involved the following steps: Data Collection Interpretation of satellite data KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | APRIL 2015 81 WELSPUN INDIA LTD., KUTCH EIA, EMP, RA & DMP FOR ONSHORE TREATED WASTE WATER DISPOSAL PIPELINE FOR 25 MLD CAPACITY DESCRIPTION OF ENVIRONMENT Ground truth study Final map preparation 3.4.3 Data Collection This covered: Downloading of remote sensing data using the licensed software, Google Earth Pro having high resolution (<1.0 m) imagery Topographical maps and Census maps as base map 3.4.4 Interpretation of Satellite Data The downloaded satellite imagery was interpreted considering the basic elements of interpretation such as size, shape, texture, pattern, location, association, shadow, aspect and resolution along with ground truth. 3.4.5 Ground Truth Studies / Field survey About Ground Trothing The aim of ground truth studies is to confirm whether the interpreted land uses are correct thus improving the quality of the output. It also allows interaction with local parties and stakeholders, thereby giving background information on the land use. Ground truth was carried out to check the discrepancy of the interpreted data. The survey consisted of traversing the study area, crosschecking of identified features with those represented on the map. Field notes were kept in the form of log sheets that recorded information pertaining to co-ordinates, photographs and identified land uses. Additional features identified or remarks made against existing interpretation were also recorded. Actual Field Survey Conducted Field visit dates by Kadam were as follows: Sheetal Kadam (FAE - LU): 20th March 2015 The field survey was carried out around radial distance of 7 km from the project boundary. GPS readings were taken during the surveys wherever it was felt that additional confirmation in interpretation of the data and also observations of land features were noted. Additionally, spot checks were also done to confirm the land use / land cover interpretation even where confidence of interpretation was high. Table 3-1 enumerates the land features and its corresponding GPS readings of all the ground truthing locations selected. Table 3-1: GPS Readings within Study Area S. No. Location Latitude Longitude Classes / Remarks 1 Sang River Bridge 23o 06’ 04.4” 70o 06’ 20.6” Built up land 2 NH-8 (pipeline crossing) 23o05’ 37.2” 70o 05’ 46.3” road o 3 NH-8 23 05’37.0” 70 05’ 06.0” Built up land(school) 4 Near Sang river(river crossing) 23o 06’ 30.0” 70o 04’ 55.3” Scrub land KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | APRIL 2015 o 82 WELSPUN INDIA LTD., KUTCH EIA, EMP, RA & DMP FOR ONSHORE TREATED WASTE WATER DISPOSAL PIPELINE FOR 25 MLD CAPACITY DESCRIPTION OF ENVIRONMENT S. No. Location Latitude Longitude Classes / Remarks 5 On the way from sang river to NH -8 23o 06’ 04.2” 70o 04’ 52.6” Dates plantation 6 Pipeline crossing 23o 04’ 56.0” 70o 05’ 42.2” Railline 7 Pumping station location 23 01’ 21.1” 70 07’ 09.5” Vegetation cover 8 Kidana village 23 o 01’ 59.6” 70 o 06’ 34.4” Habitation(primary school) 9 Kidana Village 23 o 00’ 36.9” 70 o 08’ 08.9” River 10 o On way to LFP 11 o 23 00’ 36.9” o Pipeline crossing 22 58’ 49.0” o o 70 08’ 08.9” Salt pans o 70 06’ 44.8” Tuna port Railline 12 Towards LFP 22 o 59’ 41.0” 70 o 07’ 14.9” Road (very near Mangroves vegetation) 13 Tuna port road 22 o 58’ 14.2” 70 o 05’ 38.2” Creek 14 Shinay Village 23 03’ 17.0” 70 03’ 34.1’ Water body 15 Tuna Port Road 22 o 57’ 23.3” 70 o 05’ 48.8” Road(very near Mud flat) 3.4.6 o o Land use and Land cover Pattern of Study Area The land use and land cover of the above mentioned study area comprises of following categories. Table 3-2: Synopsis of Land use / Land cover Classification Used for the Project S. No. Level 1 Classification 1. Built-up Land or Habitation 2. Agricultural Land Level 2 Classification Residential / Commercial Industrial Crop Land/Fallow Land Plantation Sea 3. Water Bodies Creek Reservoir / Lakes / Ponds / Tanks River Scrub 4. Vegetation Cover Open Vegetation Close Vegetation Mangroves Land Without Scrub 5. Wastelands Salt affected land Mud Flat Salt Pan 6. Others Air-port Harbour /Port Land Quarring The images classified into the above-mentioned classes for different regions of interest are given in the Land use map. All land uses are discussed in the subsequent sub-sections. KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | APRIL 2015 83 WELSPUN INDIA LTD., KUTCH 3.4.7 EIA, EMP, RA & DMP FOR ONSHORE TREATED WASTE WATER DISPOSAL PIPELINE FOR 25 MLD CAPACITY DESCRIPTION OF ENVIRONMENT Built-up Land Residential / Commercial Gandhidham and Anjar City present in the study area. Small villages named Tuna, Bharapar, Kidana etc are also present in the study area. Pileline is passing through Kidana Village Industrial Area This class covers 4 per cent of study area. 3.4.8 Agricultural Land Crop Land/Fallow Land Cotton, Castor, Wheat, Bajra crop cultivated in the study area. Water source is rainwater. Plantation Khajur Plantation is observed. 3.4.9 Wastelands Land without Scrub The class Land without Scrub denotes land having no or sparse vegetation. It covers 2 per cent of the study area. Mudflat The area along the coast is delineated as Mudflat which is 6 per cent of the study area. 3.4.10 Water Bodies This class covers near about 25 per cent of land and is the major category in the study area. Gulf of Kutch, Nakti creek and Kara creek present in the study area and other small water bodies also observed. Sang and Churwa river flows in study area. 3.4.11 Vegetation Cover This class is dominated by Prosopis juliflora Scrub The scrub region was second most observed category in the region covering 20 per cent of the area. Open Vegetation This is mostly along the coast and also near habitation. Close Vegetation This is observed at very few area as near IFFCO udyognagar and gandhidham railway station. KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | APRIL 2015 84 WELSPUN INDIA LTD., KUTCH EIA, EMP, RA & DMP FOR ONSHORE TREATED WASTE WATER DISPOSAL PIPELINE FOR 25 MLD CAPACITY DESCRIPTION OF ENVIRONMENT Mangrove Mangrove which covered 6 per cent of land was seen along coast. 3.4.12 Others Salt Pan Salt pans were essentially on the Kutch coast. Quarring This is observed near Shinay Village and Anjar City. Airport Airport is within 1km aerial distance from Welspun’s nearest boundary Harbour/Port Tuna port is present in the study area. 3.5 Class Wise Area Statistics The area statistics of these classes are presented in Table 3-3 that follows. Table 3-3: Area Statistics for Land Use / Land Cover Categories in the Study Area S. No. 1. Level 1 classification Built-up Land or Habitation 2. Agricultural Land 3. Water Bodies 4. Vegetation Cover 5. Wastelands 6. Others Level 2 classification Residential / Commercial Industrial Crop Land / Fallow Land Plantation Reservoir/Tank/Pond/lake River Sea Creek Scrub Open Vegetation Close Vegetation Mangroves Land Without Scrub Mud Flat Salt affected Land Salt Pan Airport Harbour – port Land Quarring Area, Level 2 classes Ha. 3540.9 1704.9 8721.1 59.2 456.0 365.4 9374.9 1387.7 10096.6 1531.1 235.6 2957.1 992.8 2834.5 269.62 6278.49 104.12 139.68 337.73 ~km2 35.4 17.0 87.2 0.6 4.6 3.7 93.7 13.9 100.9 15.3 2.4 29.6 9.9 28.3 2.7 62.8 1.0 1.4 3.4 ~% 6.9 3.3 17 0.12 0.9 0.7 18.2 2.7 19.7 3.0 0.5 5.8 1.9 5.5 0.52 12.22 0.20 0.27 0.66 Area, Level 1 classes Ha. ~km2 ~% 5245 52.5 10.2 8780 87.8 17.1 11584 115.8 22.51 14820 148.2 28.81 4096 41 8.0 6860 68.6 13.4 Note: Roads, Railways, Canals are not calculated separately in area statistics KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | APRIL 2015 85 WELSPUN INDIA LTD., KUTCH 3.6 EIA, EMP, RA & DMP FOR ONSHORE TREATED WASTE WATER DISPOSAL PIPELINE FOR 25 MLD CAPACITY DESCRIPTION OF ENVIRONMENT Final Map Preparation The proportional presence of different land uses and land cover in terms of statistical percentages was derived for the study area. Appropriate legends were used to represent the various categories of land use and land cover, and were then written on the prepared land use and land cover map. Source: Based on satellite imagery interpretation and ground truth survey during EIA study. KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | APRIL 2015 86 WELSPUN INDIA LTD., KUTCH EIA, EMP, RA & DMP FOR ONSHORE TREATED WASTE WATER DISPOSAL PIPELINE FOR 25 MLD CAPACITY DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT Figure 3-1: Landuse/ Land Cover of the Study Area KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | APRIL 2015 87 WELSPUN INDIA LTD., KUTCH 3.7 EIA, EMP, RA & DMP FOR ONSHORE TREATED WASTE WATER DISPOSAL PIPELINE FOR 25 MLD CAPACITY DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT Proximity to Sea / Water Bodies The proximity to sea / water bodies for study is tabulated in Table 3-4. Table 3-4: Proximity of Sea / Water bodies Sea / Water body Aerial Distance (in km) nearest to the pipeline route Aerial Distance (in km) from Pumping Station Location Sea / Estuary Gulf of Kutch End of Pipeline 11 Km Salt Pans Adjacent 2 Km Rivers Sang Pipeline crosses the river 8.5 Km Sakar Drainage Pipeline crosses the river 0.1 Km Lakes/Pond Kidana Pond 0.06 1.6 Km Shinay lake 5.23 6.5 Km Bharapar Pond 1.16 2 Km Source: Google earth and ground truth survey 3.8 Important Features within the Study Area Details of the important features along with other sensitive ecological locations in the study area are provided in Table 3-5. Table 3-5: Important Features and Sensitive Ecological Locations in the Study Area Distance (km) Direction S. No. Sensitive Ecological Features 1. National Park/Wildlife Sanctuary - - - 2. Tiger Reserve/Elephant Reserve / Turtle Nesting Ground - - - 3. Core Zone of Biosphere Reserve - - - 4. Habitat for migratory birds Location From Alignment Route 5. Lakes/Reservoir/Dams 6. Stream/Rivers/Drains - - - Shinay Lake 5.3 W Kidana Pond 0.06 W 0.3 NWN Bharapar Pond Sang River Pipeline Croses the River Sakar Drainage Pipeline Croses the River 7. Estuary/Sea/Mangroves After Landfall Point in mud flats of Nakti Creek Adjacent S 8. Mountains/Hills - - - 9. Notified Archaeological sites - - - 10. Any other Archaeological sites - - - 11. Defense Installations - - - 12. Airports Kandla Airport 0.88 E Railway to Tuna Port Pipeline Croses the Railway Line 13. Railway Lines Gandhidham Bhuj Broad Guage Pipeline Croses the Railway Line KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | APRIL 2015 88 WELSPUN INDIA LTD., KUTCH EIA, EMP, RA & DMP FOR ONSHORE TREATED WASTE WATER DISPOSAL PIPELINE FOR 25 MLD CAPACITY S. No. Sensitive Ecological Features 14. National / State Highways Distance (km) Location DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT Direction From Alignment Route NH-8A SH-SH6 NH 8 A and SH 6 crossing Source: Questionnaire by MoEF 3.9 Climate of the Study Area3 3.9.1 Weather The climatic environment of the Kachchh district is highly constrained due to scanty and irregular nature of rainfall patterns. This coupled with high temperature during the most part of the year has given the district an arid character. Winter is very cold as low as 8◦C and summer remains very hot as high as 40◦C. The average annual rainfall is recorded at 350 mm and its distribution is very uneven. Information presented in subsequent paragraphs is from the Indian Meteorological Department (IMD), Long Term Climatological Tables, 1961-1990, Kandla. These tables give useful information about a region’s weather, since they are collected over a 30-year period. A copy of the long-term climatological data is enclosed as Annexure 5. 3.9.2 Temperature Extremes Maximum temperature during 30 years is recorded in the month of May as 44.1°C; while minimum in the month of January as 7.8°C. Means May is normally having the warmest day (daily mean maximum temperature is 40.1°C) while May is the warmest month (highest temperature in the month as 44.1°C). January generally has the coldest day (daily mean minimum temperature is 12.1°C) and is also the coldest month (lowest temperature in the month as 7.8°C). 3.9.3 Wind Direction Month wise detail of predominant wind direction is given in Table 3-6. Table 3-6: Predominant Wind Direction (Data is available for Morning Hours) Predominant First Second Third Month Morning Morning Morning January NW N CALM February NW N CALM March NW SW N April NW SW W May SW W NW 1 3 Indian Meteorological Department (IMD), Long Term Climatological Tables, 1961-90, Broach (Bharuch) KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | APRIL 2015 89 WELSPUN INDIA LTD., KUTCH 3.9.4 EIA, EMP, RA & DMP FOR ONSHORE TREATED WASTE WATER DISPOSAL PIPELINE FOR 25 MLD CAPACITY DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT Predominant First Second Third Month Morning Morning Morning June SW W S July SW W S August SW W S September SW W NW October NW N CALM November NW N NE, CALM December N NW NE Rainfall The total monthly rainfall in year is observed to be 319.8 mm. Distribution of total rainfall by season is 4.1 mm in winter (December, January, February), 6.1 mm in summer (March, April, May), 298.6 mm in monsoons (June, July, August, September) and 11 mm in post-monsoons (October - November). The total rainy days in a year is observed 16.6 days. Highest rainfall recorded in a year 1967 is 774.9mm. 3.9.5 Cloud Cover The area remains cloudy between June - September, which is the active period of the monsoon season. Generally cloud cover ranges up to 5.4 OKTAS during this monsoon season. During postmonsoon season, cloud cover almost becomes 0.8 OKTAS occasionally going to 1-1.5 OKTAS. In the summer season cloud cover is predominantly 0.8 OKTAS. 3.9.6 Humidity Most humid conditions are found in the monsoons, post-monsoons, followed by summer and winter in that order. Mornings are more humid in monsoon than evenings and humidity ranges from a high of 80 - 73% & evenings ranges from 53- 51 %. In winters mornings ranges from 53-46% & evenings rannges from 24-22%. During post-monsoon season, in morning humidity remains between 57 - 47 % and in the evening it remains between 24 - 28%. In summers morning’s humidity ranges from 66-56% & evenings it ranges from 33-23%. 3.10 Site Specific Meteorology Site-specific meteorological data for post-monsoon season of year 2014 was collected from the site. The parameters for which data has been collected are: Wind Speed Wind direction Temperature Relative Humidity Cloud Cover Monitoring Methodology for Meteorological data is given in Table 3-7 KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | APRIL 2015 90 WELSPUN INDIA LTD., KUTCH EIA, EMP, RA & DMP FOR ONSHORE TREATED WASTE WATER DISPOSAL PIPELINE FOR 25 MLD CAPACITY DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT Table 3-7: Monitoring Methodology of Meteorological Data S. No. 1. Env. Component Parameters Period Frequency Methodology Anjar Wind speed, wind direction, temperature and rainfall Postmonsoon season of year 2014 Hourly for all parameters IS 8829-1978 Meteorology 3.10.1 Location Site Specific Data of Season Site specific meteorological data shows that average wind speed in the post-monsoon season is 3.8 m/s and maximum wind speed of 4.3 m/s. Wind rose diagram prepared for the same is shown as Figure 3-2 It can be observed that in the post-monsoon season, wind blows mostly from NNE sector. Calm wind contributes to about 0.09%. Average temperature recorded for post-monsoon season was 27.8°C with maximum temperature of 34.8°C and minimum of 24.6°C which is a characteristic of this study area. The data obtained has been complied to obtain average data. Complied mean meteorological data is represented in Table 3-8. Table 3-8: Mean Meteorological Data for Post Monsoon Season 2014 Time Temp. Hum. Wind speed Wind Direction Cloud Cover Rain Fall Hours 0C (%) (m/s) From OKTAS mm 00:00 27.2 36.9 3.8 NNE 0.4 0.0 01:00 26.8 39.3 3.7 NNE 0.4 0.0 02:00 26.2 41.5 3.6 NNE 0.5 0.0 03:00 25.7 43.3 3.6 NNE 0.6 0.0 04:00 25.3 45.2 3.6 NNE 0.5 0.0 05:00 24.8 47.2 3.5 NNE 0.5 0.0 06:00 24.6 49.0 3.5 NNE 0.5 0.0 07:00 25.6 48.2 3.5 NNE 0.5 0.0 08:00 26.6 47.5 3.5 NNE 0.5 0.0 09:00 27.5 47.0 3.5 NNE 0.5 0.0 10:00 28.8 40.4 3.5 NNE 0.4 0.0 11:00 30.4 35.1 3.5 NNE 0.4 0.0 12:00 31.9 30.0 3.4 NNE 0.4 0.0 13:00 32.8 27.2 3.4 NNE 0.4 0.0 14:00 33.6 24.9 3.5 NNE 0.4 0.0 15:00 34.1 23.1 3.5 NNE 0.5 0.0 16:00 33.8 23.6 3.7 NNE 0.4 0.0 17:00 33.2 24.1 4.1 NNE 0.5 0.0 18:00 32.6 24.3 4.3 NNE 0.5 0.0 19:00 31.6 27.0 4.3 NNE 0.4 0.0 20:00 30.4 29.5 4.1 NNE 0.4 0.0 21:00 29.3 32.0 4.2 NNE 0.4 0.0 KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | APRIL 2015 91 WELSPUN INDIA LTD., KUTCH EIA, EMP, RA & DMP FOR ONSHORE TREATED WASTE WATER DISPOSAL PIPELINE FOR 25 MLD CAPACITY DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT Time Temp. Hum. Wind speed Wind Direction Cloud Cover Rain Fall Hours 0C (%) (m/s) From OKTAS mm 22:00 28.6 33.7 4.0 NNE 0.4 0.0 23:00 27.8 35.4 3.8 NNE 0.4 0.0 KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | APRIL 2015 92 WELSPUN INDIA LTD., KUTCH EIA, EMP, RA & DMP FOR ONSHORE TREATED WASTE WATER DISPOSAL PIPELINE FOR 25 MLD CAPACITY DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT Figure 3-2: Wind Rose Diagram for Post-Monsoon Season of 2014 KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | APRIL 2015 93 WELSPUN INDIA LTD., KUTCH EIA, EMP, RA & DMP FOR ONSHORE TREATED WASTE WATER DISPOSAL PIPELINE FOR 25 MLD CAPACITY 3.11 Ambient Air 3.11.1 Season and Period of Monitoring DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT The ambient air monitoring work has been carried out in post-monsoon season of year 2013. 3.11.2 Selection of Stations for Sampling Depending upon the purpose of the study IS: 5184 (Part XIV) lays down various criteria for selecting sampling stations. For this EIA, the purpose is to ascertain the baseline pollutant concentrations in ambient air. Accordingly, the criterion was selected to ascertain quality of air at important human settlement. Locations selected for ambient air quality monitoring are presented in Table 3-9. The Sampling Photographs is also shown in Photographs 3-1. Table 3-9: Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Details AAQM Station Location Latitude Longitude Distance from Alignment Route in Km AA 1 Welspun Township 23°7'51.60"N 70°4'57.30"E 1.4 NNE AA 2 Gandhidham 23°4'5.40"N 70° 6'8.90"E 0.64 W AA 3 Adipur 23°4'59.40"N 70°6'10.30"E 0.1 S AA 4 Shinay 23°2'12.20"N 70°3'27.50"E 5.5 W AA 5 Kidana 23°1'59.40"N 70°6'34.80"E 0.09 W AA 6 Bharapar 23°0'35.60"N 70°5'59.50"E 1.87 W KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | APRIL 2015 Direction w. r. t Alignment ROute 94 WELSPUN INDIA LTD., KUTCH EIA, EMP, RA & DMP FOR ONSHORE TREATED WASTE WATER DISPOSAL PIPELINE FOR 25 MLD CAPACITY DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT Figure 3-3: Sampling Location Map KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | APRIL 2015 95 WELSPUN INDIA LTD., KUTCH EIA, EMP, RA & DMP FOR ONSHORE TREATED WASTE WATER DISPOSAL PIPELINE FOR 25 MLD CAPACITY DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT Photographs 3-1: Sampling Photographs for Ambient Air Monitoring 3.11.3 Welspun Township Adipur Village Bharapar Village Kidana Village Sampling Frequency The frequency of monitoring was 24 hr twice a week at each station spread over the season, with samples being changed six times (at 48-hour intervals). 3.11.4 Parameters Monitored and Methods Used The parameters monitored were Particulate Matter (PM2.5 & PM10), Sulphur Dioxide (SO2) and Oxides of Nitrogen (NOX). The detailed monitoring methodology for ambient air is given in Table 3-10 KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | APRIL 2015 96 EIA, EMP, RA & DMP FOR ONSHORE TREATED WASTE WATER DISPOSAL PIPELINE FOR 25 MLD CAPACITY WELSPUN INDIA LTD., KUTCH DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT Table 3-10: Methodology for Ambient Air Monitoring S. No. 1. 3.11.5 Env. Component Ambient Air Quality Sampling location 6 Locations Sampling Parameters PM 10, PM 2.5, SO2, NOx Total Sampling Period Post Monsoon Season of 2014 Sample Analysis Sampling Frequency Analytical Equipment Two 24 –hour samples every week at each station Sensitivity / Detection Limit Method PM10 – Respirable Dust Sampler APM 460 TSPM: Electronic balance 0.001 mg Gravimetric (HVS) – IS: 5182: Part 4, with cyclone PM2.5 Fine Particulate Sampler with WINS Impactor Electronic balance 0.0001 mg Gravimetric (HVS) Method SO2: Flow Meter with impinge module SO2: Spectrophotometer 1.27 µg/m3 IS: 5182: Part 2 NOx: Flow Meter with impinge module NOx: Spectrophotometer 0.19 µg/m3 IS: 5182: Part 6 Results of Ambient Air Monitoring Results of ambient air monitoring are presented in Table 3-11. Table 3-11: Ambient Air Monitoring Results Parameters & Results Station code Location AA 1 Welspun Township PM10 (100) [24 Hours] PM2.5 (60) [24 Hours] SO2 (80) [24 Hours] NOx (80) [24 Hours] Maximum 69 30 10.3 19.5 Minimum 52 16 8.1 13.7 Average 60 23 8.8 16.4 98% tile 69 30 10.1 19.3 Gandhidham PM10 (100) [24 Hours] PM2.5 (60) [24 Hours] SO2 (80) [24 Hours] NOx (80) [24 Hours] Maximum 123 46 10.3 18.9 AA 2 KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | APRIL 2015 Note: All units are in µg/m3. Figures in brackets indicate CPCB limits. Minimum Reportable Readings are 8 µg/m3 for SO2, 10 µg/m3 for NOx 97 EIA, EMP, RA & DMP FOR ONSHORE TREATED WASTE WATER DISPOSAL PIPELINE FOR 25 MLD CAPACITY WELSPUN INDIA LTD., KUTCH Station code AA 3 AA 4 AA 5 AA 6 DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT Parameters & Results Location Note: All units are in µg/m3. Figures in brackets indicate CPCB limits. Minimum Reportable Readings are 8 µg/m3 for SO2, 10 µg/m3 for NOx Minimum 64 18 8.2 13.5 Average 91 31 9.4 15.7 98% tile 120 45 10.2 18.5 Adipur Village PM10 (100) [24 Hours] PM2.5 (60) [24 Hours] SO2 (80) [24 Hours] NOx (80) [24 Hours] Maximum 90 38 10.4 20.5 Minimum 48 14 8.1 14.3 Average 68 23 9.3 16.2 98% tile 89 37 10.4 20.0 Shinay Village PM10 (100) [24 Hours] PM2.5 (60) [24 Hours] SO2 (80) [24 Hours] NOx (80) [24 Hours] Maximum 78 27 10.5 21.3 Minimum 44 12 8.4 14.1 Average 59 20 9.5 16.6 98% tile 77 27 10.4 21.3 Kidana Village PM10 (100) [24 Hours] PM2.5 (60) [24 Hours] SO2 (80) [24 Hours] NOx (80) [24 Hours] Maximum 72 32 10.4 21.1 Minimum 47 11 8.1 13.4 Average 63 22 9.1 16.9 98% tile 72 31 10.3 20.9 Bharapar Village PM10 (100) [24 Hours] PM2.5 (60) [24 Hours] SO2 (80) [24 Hours] NOx (80) [24 Hours] Maximum 66 45 10.2 20.4 Minimum 40 3 8.4 13.4 KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | APRIL 2015 98 EIA, EMP, RA & DMP FOR ONSHORE TREATED WASTE WATER DISPOSAL PIPELINE FOR 25 MLD CAPACITY WELSPUN INDIA LTD., KUTCH Station code 3.11.6 DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT Parameters & Results Location Note: All units are in µg/m3. Figures in brackets indicate CPCB limits. Minimum Reportable Readings are 8 µg/m3 for SO2, 10 µg/m3 for NOx Average 54 13 9.4 16.4 98% tile 65 40 10.2 20.3 Observations From the results obtained it is observed that; At various locations, average concentration of PM10 was observed to be varying from 54 to 91 μg/Nm3. An average concentration of PM10 levels less than the permissible limits for all locations. An average concentration of PM2.5 levels was observed to be in range of 13 to 31 μg/Nm3 which is less than the permissible limits for all locations. An average concentration of SO2 and NOX is observed to be within the specified limit of CPCB. The detailed ambient air monitoring results are provided in Annexure 6 whereas the National Ambient Air Quality Standards are given in Annexure 7. KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | APRIL 2015 99 WELSPUN INDIA LTD., KUTCH EIA, EMP, RA & DMP FOR ONSHORE TREATED WASTE WATER DISPOSAL PIPELINE FOR 25 MLD CAPACITY 3.12 Noise Environment 3.12.1 Monitoring Methodology of Noise Level DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT Monitoring of noise is done by identifying suitable number of noise quality monitoring locations. Background noise quality is monitored in dB (A) leq (day) and dB (A) leq (night) at the selected locations. The monitoring methodology is presented in Table 3-12. Table 3-12: Monitoring methodology Env. Component Ambient Noise levels Sampling location Sampling Parameter Sampling Frequency 7 Locations Decibels – dB (A) Once during the study (Hourly reading for 24 hours at each location) Sample collection Sampling equipment Detection Limit Methodology Noise Level Meter 0.1 dB (A) IS -9989 The standard for monitoring ambient noise level as per CPCB guidelines is as given in Table 3-13. Table 3-13: Standard of Ambient Noise Level Ambient Air Quality Standards in respect of Noise Area Code Category A THE NOISE POLLUTION (REGULATION AND CONTROL) RULES, 2000 Note: Limits in dB(A) Leq* Day Time Night Time Industrial 75.0 70.0 B Commercial 65.0 55.0 C Residential 55.0 45.0 D Silence 50.0 40.0 Day Time: 6:00 AM to 10:00 PM; Night Time: 10:00 PM to 6:00 AM dB (A) Leq*: denotes the time weighted average of the level of sound in decibels on scale A which is relatable to human hearing 3.12.2 Selected Sampling Locations for Noise Locations selected for ambient noise level monitoring are presented in Table 3-14 and the sampling photographs for noise monitoring is given in Figure 3-2. Table 3-14: Sampling Locations for Noise Station Noise Monitoring Code Location N1 Landfall Point (Nr. Tuna Port) Distance from Direction w.r.t Alignment Alignment Route in Route Km Category of Area/Zone Latitude Longitude Commercial 22°59'0.66"N 70°6'53.69"E 0.52 E N2 Nr. Pumping Station Residential 23°1'23.80"N 70°7'10.03"E 0.01 N N3 SH6 (Nr. IFFCO) Commercial 23°4'5.96"N 70°6'49.76"E 0.00 N KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | APRIL 2015 100 WELSPUN INDIA LTD., KUTCH EIA, EMP, RA & DMP FOR ONSHORE TREATED WASTE WATER DISPOSAL PIPELINE FOR 25 MLD CAPACITY Station Noise Monitoring Code Location Category of Area/Zone Latitude Longitude DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT Distance from Direction w.r.t Alignment Alignment Route in Route Km N4 At Site (Nr. Welspun ETP) Industrial 23°7'6.34"N 70°4'42.87"E 0.04 W N5 Rajvi Railway Crossing Commercial 23°5'2.81"N 70°6'20.29"E 0.03 N N6 NH-8 (Nr. Indian Oil Petrol Pump) Commercial 23°5'37.96"N 70°5'35.19"E 0.01 N N7 Kidana Village Residential 23°2'9.66"N 70°6'36.39"E 0.08 W Photographs 3-2: Sampling Photographs for Noise Monitoring Nr. Tuna Port Nr. Kidana Village Nr. Rajvi phatak Nr. Indian Oil Petrol Pump KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | APRIL 2015 101 WELSPUN INDIA LTD., KUTCH EIA, EMP, RA & DMP FOR ONSHORE TREATED WASTE WATER DISPOSAL PIPELINE FOR 25 MLD CAPACITY DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT Kidana Village 3.12.3 Noise Level Results Noise readings were taken at 12 different locations within the study area. The average noise levels are presented in Table 3-15 Table 3-15: Noise Level Readings Location Code N1 Landfall Point (Nr. Tuna Port) Date Category 22.3.15 Average Noise levels in dB (A) leq Day Time Night Time Day Time Night Time Commercial 65.0 55.0 54.9 49.8 N2 Nr. Pumping Station 16.3.15 Residential 55.0 45.0 55.4 49.4 N3 SH6 (Nr. IFFCO) 17.3.15 Commercial 65.0 55.0 62.7 57.3 N4 At Site (Nr. Welspun ETP) 18.3.15 Industrial 75.0 70.0 60.7 60.1 N5 Rajvi Railway Crossing 19.3.15 Commercial 65.0 55.0 68.6 59.2 N6 NH-8 (Nr. Indian Oil Petrol Pump) 20.3.15 Commercial 65.0 55.0 68.9 66.5 N7 Kidana Village 21.3.15 Residential 55.0 45.0 54.1 50.0 3.12.4 Location CPCB Limits in dB (A) leq Observations Industrial Zone (At Site near Welspun ETP) - Noise level during day time was observed as 60.7 dB (A) & at night time as 60.10. Both the values are within CPCB Livmits. Commercial Zone (Landfall Point, SH6 (nr. IFFCO), Rajvi Railway Crossing & NH-8 (Nr. Indian Oil Petrol Pump)) - Noise level during day time was observed in the range of 54.9 dB (A) to 68.9 dB (A). At two places at Railway crossing & National highway it is found high that may be due to heavy vehicular movement. Noise level during night time varied form 49.8 dB (A) to 66.5 dB (A) the readings observed at night also are above CPCB standards for Commercial Area. Residential area (Near Pumping Station & Kidana village) - Noise level was observed 55.4 & 54.1 respectively in day time while during night time noise level was observed 49.4 to 50.0 dB(A) which are slightly above CPCB standards in residential area. KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | APRIL 2015 102 WELSPUN INDIA LTD., KUTCH EIA, EMP, RA & DMP FOR ONSHORE TREATED WASTE WATER DISPOSAL PIPELINE FOR 25 MLD CAPACITY 3.13 Water Environment 3.13.1 Analysis Method Adopted DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT Ground water and surface water samples are collected using manual grab sampling technique. The samples were further analyzed as per the APHA Standard Methods (22nd Edition) for the parameters given in the Technical Guidance Manual published in December 2010. Table 3-16 below describes analytical methodology for parameters to be analyzed and with minimum detection limit of the instruments available at KEC laboratory. Table 3-16: Analysis Methods Adopted for Ground and Surface Water Samples S. No Parameters Methodology Parameters Analyzed in Ground and Surface water Samples 1 pH APHA: 4500-H+ B (22nd Edition), pH meter √ √ 1 2 Color APHA: 2120 (22nd Edition), Visual Comparison - √ 1 Pt-Co 3 Temperature APHA: 2550 B (22nd Edition), Standard Thermometer √ - 1°C 4 Turbidity APHA: 2130 B (22nd Edition), Nephelometric √ - 4 NTU 5 TDS APHA: 2540C (22nd Edition), Gravimetric √ √ 20 mg/l 6 Electrical conductivity APHA: 2510 B (22nd Edition), Conductivity meter √ √ 1µmoh/cm 7 COD APHA: 5220 B(22nd Edition), Titrimetric Open reflux method √ 8 BOD IS: 3025(part-44), Iodometric √ √ <3 mg/l nd Parameters Analyzed in River water samples Minimum Detection Limit <5 mg/l 9 Chlorides APHA:4500Cl- B (22 Edition) , Titrimetric √ √ 1.5 mg/l 10 Phenol APHA: 5530-D(22nd Edition), colorimetric √ - 0.001 mg/l 11 Sulphates APHA:4500-E as SO4 2-(22nd Edition), Turbid metric √ √ < 1 mg/l 12 Total Hardness APHA: 2340-C (22nd Edition), Titrimetric(EDTA method) √ - < 10 mg/l 13 Ca++ Hardness APHA: 3500-B-Ca (22nd Edition) Titrimetric,(EDTA method) √ - < 4 mg/l 14 Mg++ Hardness APHA: 3500-B-Mg (22nd Edition), By difference √ - 8 mg/l 15 Total Alkalinity APHA: 2320 B (22nd Edition), Titrimetric √ - <10 mg/l 16 Nitrate IS:3025 (part-34),3.3 , colorimetric √ √ <0.1 mg/l KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | APRIL 2015 103 WELSPUN INDIA LTD., KUTCH EIA, EMP, RA & DMP FOR ONSHORE TREATED WASTE WATER DISPOSAL PIPELINE FOR 25 MLD CAPACITY DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT S. No Parameters Methodology Parameters Analyzed in Ground and Surface water Samples 17 Fluoride APHA:4500 F-D(22nd Edition),Colorimetric √ √ <0.1 mg/l 18 Sodium APHA:3500 Na-B (22nd Edition), Flame emission Photometric √ - <1 mg/l 19 Potassium APHA: 3500 K-B (22nd Edition) Flame emission Photometric √ - <1 mg/l 20 Calcium APHA Edition 22 (3500 Ca- B) Titrimetric (EDTA Method) √ - 1 mg/l 21 Magnesium APHA Edition 22 (3500 Mg- B), by difference √ - 3 mg/l 22 Salinity APHA: 2520 B (22nd Edition), Electrical Conductivity method √ - - 23 Total Nitrogen APHA: 4500 N Org, Micro Kjeldhal Distillation (22nd Edition), Titrametic √ - 0.06 mg/l 24 Total Phosphorous APHA: 4500 P-C (22nd Edition), colorimetric √ 25 Dissolved Oxygen APHA: 4500O-C(22nd Edition), Iodometric √ √ 0.5 mg/l 26 Ammonical Nitrogen APHA: 4170-B (22nd Edition)/IS:3025(part-34), 1988, Distillation & colorimetric √ √ <0.01 mg/l 27 SAR Flamephotmetric & EDTA method √ √ - 28 Heavy Metals a Arsenic (as As) APHA: 3500-As-A (22nd Edition)/ APHA: 3111-B(AAS)(22nd Edition) √ √ <0.002 mg/l b Cadmium (as Cd) APHA: 3500-Cd-A (22nd Edition)/ APHA: 3111-B(AAS)(22nd Edition √ - <0.003 mg/l c Chromium (as Cr) APHA: 3500-Cr-B(22nd Edition), colorimetric √ - <0.003 mg/l d Copper (as Cu) APHA: 3500-Cu-A (22nd Edition)/ APHA: 3111-B(AAS)(22nd Edition) IS:3025(part42):1992 √ √ <0.05 mg/l e Cyanide (as CN) APHA: 4500 CN- D & E(22nd Edition), colorimetric √ - 0.003 mg/l f Iron (as Fe) APHA: 3500-Fe-B (22nd Edition), colorimetric √ √ <0.1 mg/l g Lead (as Pb) APHA: 3500-Ld-A (22nd Edition)/ APHA: 3111-B(AAS)(22nd Edition) √ √ <0.01 mg/l h Mercury (as Hg) APHA: 3500-Hg-A (22nd Edition)/ APHA: 3111-B(AAS)(22nd Edition) √ - <0.001 mg/l KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | APRIL 2015 Parameters Analyzed in River water samples Minimum Detection Limit <1 mg/l 104 WELSPUN INDIA LTD., KUTCH EIA, EMP, RA & DMP FOR ONSHORE TREATED WASTE WATER DISPOSAL PIPELINE FOR 25 MLD CAPACITY DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT S. No Parameters Methodology Parameters Analyzed in Ground and Surface water Samples i Manganese (as Mn) APHA: 3500-Mn-A (22nd Edition)/ APHA: 3111-B(AAS)(22nd Edition) √ - <0.04 mg/l j Nickel (as Ni) APHA: 3500-Ni-A (22nd Edition)/ APHA: 3111-B(AAS)(22nd Edition √ - <0.02 mg/l k Zinc (as Zn) APHA: 3500-Zn-A (22nd Edition)/ APHA: 3111-B(AAS)(22nd Edition) √ √ <0.08 mg/ l Boron (as B) APHA: 4500 B-C (22nd Edition), colorimetric √ <0.02 mg/l 29 Total Coliform APHA: 9221-B (22nd Edition), Multiple Tube Fermentation √ √ 1.8 MPN/100ml 30 Fecal Coliform APHA: 9221-E (22nd Edition), Multiple Tube Fermentation √ 3.13.2 Parameters Analyzed in River water samples Minimum Detection Limit 1.8 MPN/100ml Assessment of Ground Water Quality Ground Water Sampling Locations Ground water samples were collected from 8 different locations to find the quality of ground water within study area. Sampling locations are presented in Table 3-17. Locations selected for ground water monitoring are also shown in sampling location Map. Photographs of sampling location are given below in Photographs 3-3. Table 3-17: Ground water Quality Sampling Locations Latitude Longitude Distan ce from Align ment Route in Km Directio n w.r.t Alignme nt Route Sampl e Code Location Source Date of samplin g GW 1 Welspun Township Borewell 9.12.14 23°7'54.70"N 70°4'58.30E 1.5 NNE GW 2 Gandhidham Borewell 6.12.14 23°3'36.00"N 70°7'17.30E 0.76 E GW 3 Adipur Borewell 5.12.14 23°4'52.40"N 70°5'42.70E 0.11 S GW 4 Shinay Dugwell 5.12.14 23°2'54.40"N 70°4'6.40"E 4.82 W GW 5 Kidana Borewell 6.12.14 23° 2'6.40"N 70°6'4.00"E 0.97 WNW GW 6 Bharapar Dugwell 5.12.14 23°0'24.70"N 70°5'54.90E 1.36 NW GW 7 Nr.Tuna Port Dugwell 8.12.14 22°59'41.00N 70°7'4.30"E 0.52 E GW 8 Nr. Welspun Township Borewell 8.12.14 23°7'48.70"N 70°4'54.40E 1.29 NNE KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | APRIL 2015 105 WELSPUN INDIA LTD., KUTCH EIA, EMP, RA & DMP FOR ONSHORE TREATED WASTE WATER DISPOSAL PIPELINE FOR 25 MLD CAPACITY DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT Photographs 3-3: Ground water sampling photographs Adipur Village Bharapar Village Gandhidham Kidana Village Near Site Shinay Village Near Tuna Port At Site (Near Welhome STP) The analysis results are presented in Table 3-18 and Table 3-19. KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | APRIL 2015 106 EIA, EMP, RA & DMP FOR ONSHORE TREATED WASTE WATER DISPOSAL PIPELINE FOR 25 MLD CAPACITY WELSPUN INDIA LTD., KUTCH DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT Table 3-18: Analysis report of Groundwater Samples (Station 1 to Station 5) IS 10500 Standard Limits for drinking water* S. No. Parameters 1. pH 2. Units Samples Desirable limit Permissible limit GW-1 (Welspun Township) GW-2 Gandhidham GW-3 Adipur GW-4 Shinay pH scale 6.5-8.5 NR 6.51 6.81 6.89 6.92 Temp °C NS NS 30 30 30 30 3. Turbidity NTU 5 10 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 4. TDS mg/l 500 2000 10884 788 1460 1364 5. Electrical conductivity µmhos /cm NS NS 15600 1156 1915 1825 6. COD mg/l NS NS <5 <5 <5 <5 7. BOD mg/l NS NS <3 <3 <3 <3 8. Phenol mg/l 0.001 0.002 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 9. Chloride mg/l 250 1000 4667 300 472 575 10. Sulphate mg/l 200 400 1313 92 298 195 11. Total Hardness mg/l 200 600 2540 370 300 180 12. Ca Hardness mg/l NS NS 1372 162 114 92 13. Mg Hardness mg/l NS NS 1168 208 186 88 14. Total Alkalinity mg/l 200 600 10 20 20 30 15. Nitrate mg/l 45 100 2.0 2.1 11.0 <0.1 16. Fluoride mg/l 1 1.5 1.44 0.87 1.43 1.41 17. Sodium mg/l NS NS 2422 258.3 260.5 358.6 18. Potassium mg/l NS NS 8.1 3 5.8 2.2 KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | APRIL 2015 107 EIA, EMP, RA & DMP FOR ONSHORE TREATED WASTE WATER DISPOSAL PIPELINE FOR 25 MLD CAPACITY WELSPUN INDIA LTD., KUTCH DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT IS 10500 Standard Limits for drinking water* S. No. Parameters 19. Calcium 20. Units Samples Desirable limit Permissible limit GW-1 (Welspun Township) GW-2 Gandhidham GW-3 Adipur GW-4 Shinay mg/l 75 200 549.9 64.9 45.7 36.9 Magnesium mg/l 30 100 283.8 50.5 45.2 21.4 21. Salinity mg/l NS NS 8410 541 850 1036 22. Total Nitrogen mg/l 0.5 NS 0.54 0.58 2.68 <0.01 23. Total Phosphorus mg/l NS NS <1 <1 <1 <1 24. D.O. mg/l NS NS 2.4 3.4 3.1 3.3 25. Ammonical Nitrogen mg/l NS NS <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 26. SAR - NS NS 20.82 5.82 6.51 11.58 27. Heavy Metals a Arsenic mg/l 0.01 0.05 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 b Cadmium mg/l 0.003 NR <0.003 <0.003 <0.003 <0.003 c Chromium mg/l 0.05 NR <0.003 <0.003 <0.003 <0.003 d Copper mg/l 0.05 1.5 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 e Cyanide mg/l 0.05 NR <0.003 <0.003 <0.003 <0.003 f Iron mg/l 0.3 NR <0.3 <0.3 <0.3 <0.3 g Lead mg/l 0.01 NR <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 h Mercury mg/l 0.001 NR <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 i Manganese mg/l 0.1 0.3 <0.04 <0.04 <0.04 <0.04 KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | APRIL 2015 108 EIA, EMP, RA & DMP FOR ONSHORE TREATED WASTE WATER DISPOSAL PIPELINE FOR 25 MLD CAPACITY WELSPUN INDIA LTD., KUTCH DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT IS 10500 Standard Limits for drinking water* S. No. Parameters j Nickel k Units Samples Desirable limit Permissible limit GW-1 (Welspun Township) GW-2 Gandhidham GW-3 Adipur GW-4 Shinay mg/l 0.02 NR <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 Zinc mg/l 5 15 <0.08 <0.08 <0.08 <0.08 28. Total Coliform MPN/100 ml Shall not be detectable Shall not be detectable Absent Absent Absent Absent 29. Faecal Coliform MPN/100 ml Shall not be detectable Shall not be detectable Absent Absent Absent Absent Table 3-19: Analysis report of Groundwater Samples (Station 6 to Station 10) S. No. IS 10500 Standard Limits for drinking water* Parameters Samples Units Desirable limit Permissible limit GW-5 Kidana GW-6 Bharapar GW-7 Nr. Tuna Port GW-8 Nr. Welpsun Township 1. pH pH scale 6.5-8.5 NR 6.88 6.71 6.06 6.93 2. Temp °C NS NS 30 30 30 30 3. Turbidity NTU 5 10 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 4. TDS mg/l 500 2000 1760 1992 120642 681 5. Electrical conductivity µmhos /cm NS NS 2356 2752 215000 921 6. COD mg/l NS NS <5 <5 <5 <5 7. BOD mg/l NS NS <3 <3 <3 <3 8. Phenol mg/l 0.001 0.002 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 9. Chloride mg/l 250 1000 738 695 62197 283 10. Sulphate mg/l 200 400 223 253 7651 28 11. Total Hardness mg/l 200 600 410 860 12280 340 KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | APRIL 2015 109 EIA, EMP, RA & DMP FOR ONSHORE TREATED WASTE WATER DISPOSAL PIPELINE FOR 25 MLD CAPACITY WELSPUN INDIA LTD., KUTCH DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT IS 10500 Standard Limits for drinking water* S. No. Parameters 12. Ca Hardness 13. Units Samples Desirable limit Permissible limit GW-5 Kidana GW-6 Bharapar GW-7 Nr. Tuna Port GW-8 Nr. Welpsun Township mg/l NS NS 188 300 1740 332 Mg Hardness mg/l NS NS 222 560 10540 8 14. Total Alkalinity mg/l 200 600 20 20 <10 20 15. Nitrate mg/l 45 100 6.1 9.1 <0.1 <0.1 16. Fluoride mg/l 1 1.5 1.39 1.35 1.47 0.68 17. Sodium mg/l NS NS 520.3 511.5 23692 188.2 18. Potassium mg/l NS NS 6.1 19 645.5 14.6 19. Calcium mg/l 75 200 75.4 120.2 697.4 133.1 20. Magnesium mg/l 30 100 54.0 136.1 2561.2 1.94 21. Salinity mg/l NS NS 1329 1252 112079 510.2 22. Total Nitrogen mg/l 0.5 NS 1.51 2.21 <0.01 <0.01 23. Total Phosphorus mg/l NS NS <1 <1 <1 <1 24. D.O. mg/l NS NS 2.7 2.7 2.2 3.5 25. Ammonical Nitrogen mg/l NS NS <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 SAR - NS NS 11.13 7.55 92.45 4.43 Arsenic mg/l 0.01 0.05 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 b Cadmium mg/l 0.003 NR <0.003 <0.003 <0.003 <0.003 c Chromium mg/l 0.05 NR <0.003 <0.003 <0.003 <0.003 d Copper mg/l 0.05 1.5 <0.05 <0.05 0.24 <0.05 e Cyanide mg/l 0.05 NR <0.003 <0.003 <0.003 <0.003 f Iron mg/l 0.3 NR <0.3 0.36 <0.3 <0.3 g Lead mg/l 0.01 NR <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 26. 27. a Heavy Metals KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | APRIL 2015 110 EIA, EMP, RA & DMP FOR ONSHORE TREATED WASTE WATER DISPOSAL PIPELINE FOR 25 MLD CAPACITY WELSPUN INDIA LTD., KUTCH DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT IS 10500 Standard Limits for drinking water* S. No. Parameters h Mercury i Units Samples Desirable limit Permissible limit GW-5 Kidana GW-6 Bharapar GW-7 Nr. Tuna Port GW-8 Nr. Welpsun Township mg/l 0.001 NR <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 Manganese mg/l 0.1 0.3 <0.04 <0.04 <0.04 <0.04 j Nickel mg/l 0.02 NR <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 k Zinc mg/l 5 15 <0.08 <0.08 0.15 <0.08 28. Total Coliform MPN/100 ml Shall not be detectable Shall not be detectable Absent Absent Absent Absent 29. Faecal Coliform MPN/100 ml Shall not be detectable Shall not be detectable Absent Absent Absent Absent NS: Not Specified, NR: No Relaxation Source: * IS 10500:2012 Drinking Water Specifications (Second Revision) KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | APRIL 2015 111 WELSPUN INDIA LTD., KUTCH EIA, EMP, RA & DMP FOR ONSHORE TREATED WASTE WATER DISPOSAL PIPELINE FOR 25 MLD CAPACITY DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT Observation of Ground Water Quality The baseline quality of water based on the results of the ground water quality monitoring within the study area, it is observed that TDS is found above desirable limits in all the samples, at Welspun Township & Tuna Port TDS is found very high above Permissible Limits. The quality of water is not fit for potable purposes. The water is not suitable for use for domestic purpose also. Chlorides are also above desirable limits in all the samples; at Welspun Township & Tuna Port Cholrides are found above Permissible Limits. Total Hardness observed high (i.e. above desirable levels) in all the samples except the one at Shinay Village ; at Welspun Township , Bharapar & Tuna Port it is found above Permissible limits. Sulphate content is also found above desirable limits in samples collected from Site, Adipur Village, Kidana, Bharapar & Tuna Port; out of which at Welspun Township & Tuna Port it is above permissible limit. Flouride content is found high (above desirable levels) in all the samples except at Gandhidham but all are within permissible limits. Calcium is found high (above desirable levels) at Welspun Township, Kidana, Bharapar & tuna port out of which at Tuna Port & near township it is above permissible limit. Magnesium is above desirable levels in all the samples except in the sample taken at Shinay village out of which samples taken at site, bharapar & tuna Port are above permissible limits. Total Nitrogen is above desirable limits in the samples taken at Welspun Township, Gandhidham, Adipur, Kidana & Bharapar. The high values of TDS are due to formational salinity which is also a cause of high content of cholides & sulphates. Total Coliform and faecal coliform count at all locations are absent. 3.13.3 Assessment of Surface Water Quality Surface (Pond & River) Water Sampling Locations Surface water samples were collected from 10 different locations within the study area and they are presented in Table 3-20. Locations selected for Surfaced water monitoring are also shown in sampling location Map .Photographs of sampling location are given in Photographs 3-4. Table 3-20: Surface Water Sampling Locations Code Location Date of Sampling Source Latitude Longitude Distance from Alignme nt Route in Km SW 1 Sang River (Nr. Welpun) 5.12.14 River 3°6'31.30"N 70°4'55.80"E 0.05 E SW 2 Shinay Pond 5.12.14 Pond 3°2'18.30"N 70°4'14.20"E 4.12 WNW SW 3 Kidana Pond 6.12.14 Pond 23°2'1.80"N 70°6'36.40"E 0.06 W SW 4 Bharapar Pond 5.12.14 Pond 23°0'22.70"N 70°6'10.00"E 0.96 NW KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | APRIL 2015 Direction w.r.t Alignment Route 112 WELSPUN INDIA LTD., KUTCH EIA, EMP, RA & DMP FOR ONSHORE TREATED WASTE WATER DISPOSAL PIPELINE FOR 25 MLD CAPACITY DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT Code Location Date of Sampling Source Latitude Longitude Distance from Alignme nt Route in Km SW 5 Stream near Kidana 8.12.14 Stream/ Nullah 23°1'6.10"N 70°7'25.80"E 0.06 Direction w.r.t Alignment Route E Photographs 3-4: Surface water sampling Photographs Sang River Kidana Village Pond Nr.Tuna Port Tuna Port Stream near Kidana Village Shinay Village Analysis results of surface water are presented in Table 3-21 and Marine water sample analysis results also presented in Table 3-21. KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | APRIL 2015 113 EIA, EMP, RA & DMP FOR ONSHORE TREATED WASTE WATER DISPOSAL PIPELINE FOR 25 MLD CAPACITY WELSPUN INDIA LTD., KUTCH DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT Table 3-21: Analysis Results of Surface Water Samples (Station 1 to Station 5) Surface Water Quality (River) Sr. No. Parameters Unit Classification for Inland Surface Water (CPCB) Sang River (Nr. Welpun) Shinay Pond Kidana(Pond) Bharapur(Pond) Stream near Kidana A B C D E 05.12.2014 05.12.2014 06.12.2014 05.12.2014 08.12.2014 1 pH pH Scale 6.5 to 8.5 6.5 to 8.5 6.0 to 9.0 6.5 to 8.5 6.5 to 8.5 6.73 6.94 6.96 6.94 6.63 2 Total Dissolved Oxgen mg/l 6.0 5.0 4.0 4.0 NA 4.5 3.6 3.8 4.1 3.5 3 Total Dissolved Solids mg/l 500.0 NA 1500.0 NA 2100 3592 1108 256 920 3316 4 Electrical Conductivity μmohs/cm NA NA NA 1000 2250 5421 1812 504 1491 4745 5 BOD mg/l 2.0 3.0 3.0 NA NA 16 8 7 37 50 6 Colour Pt.co 10 300 300 - - 10 15 10 20 25 7 Total Hardness mg/l 300 NA NA NA NA 910 390 200 350 600 8 Ca++ Hardness mg/l 200 NA NA NA NA 708 200 144 134 396 9 Mg++ Hardness mg/l 100 NA NA NA NA 202 190 56 216 204 10 Copper mg/l 1.5 NA 1.5 NA NA 1.8 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 11 Iron mg/l 0.3 NA 50 NA NA <0.3 <0.3 <0.3 <0.3 0.33 12 Manganese mg/l 0.5 NA NA NA NA <0.04 <0.04 <0.04 <0.04 <0.04 KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | APRIL 2015 114 EIA, EMP, RA & DMP FOR ONSHORE TREATED WASTE WATER DISPOSAL PIPELINE FOR 25 MLD CAPACITY WELSPUN INDIA LTD., KUTCH DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT Surface Water Quality (River) Sr. No. Parameters Unit Classification for Inland Surface Water (CPCB) Sang River (Nr. Welpun) Shinay Pond Kidana(Pond) Bharapur(Pond) Stream near Kidana A B C D 05.12.2014 05.12.2014 06.12.2014 05.12.2014 08.12.2014 1859 659 185 475 237 E 13 Chlorides(as CL) mg/l 250 NA 600 NA 14 Sulphate mg/l 400 NA 400 NA 1000 480 147 22 11 1474 15 Nitrate (as NO3) mg/l 20 NA 50 NA NA 13.7 4.4 <0.1 <0.1 9.85 16 Fluoride mg/l 1.5 1.5 1.5 - - 1.45 1.23 0.67 0.68 0.80 17 Phenolic Compound mg/l 0.002 0.005 0.005 NA NA <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 18 Free Ammonia mg/l NA NA NA 1.2 NA <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 10 125.3 19 Mercury mg/l 0.001 NA NA NA NA <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 20 Cadmium mg/l 0.01 NA 0.01 NA NA <0.003 <0.003 <0.003 <0.003 <0.003 21 Arsenic mg/l 0.05 NA 0.2 NA NA <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 22 Cyanide mg/l 0.05 0.05 0.05 NA NA <0.003 <0.003 <0.003 <0.003 <0.003 23 Lead mg/l 0.1 NA 0.1 NA NA <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 0.066 24 Zinc mg/l 15 NA 15 NA NA <0.08 <0.08 0.29 <0.08 <0.08 25 Chromium mg/l 0.05 1 0.05 NA NA <0.003 <0.003 <0.003 <0.003 <0.003 26 Boron mg/l NA NA NA NA 2 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | APRIL 2015 600 115 EIA, EMP, RA & DMP FOR ONSHORE TREATED WASTE WATER DISPOSAL PIPELINE FOR 25 MLD CAPACITY WELSPUN INDIA LTD., KUTCH DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT Surface Water Quality (River) Sr. No. Parameters Unit 27 Sodium Absorption Ratio mg/gm 28 Total Coliform MPN/100ml Classification for Inland Surface Water (CPCB) Sang River (Nr. Welpun) Shinay Pond Kidana(Pond) Bharapur(Pond) Stream near Kidana A B C D E 05.12.2014 05.12.2014 06.12.2014 05.12.2014 08.12.2014 NA NA NA NA 26 14.9 8.89 1.83 4.36 1.94 50 500 5000 - - 4700 1700 2100 4900 7000 C C C C C Cagetory as per River Water Standards NA: Not Applicable Classification of River Waters as per their intended use is described in below table Sr. No. Class Intended Use 1 A Drinking water source without conventional treatment but after disinfection 2 B Outdoor bathing (organized) 3 C Drinking water source with conventional treatment followed by disinfection 4 D Propagation of wild life, fisheries 5 E Irrigation, industrial cooling etc. Observation of Surface Water Quality The baseline quality of water based on the results of the Surface water quality monitoring within the study area, it is observed that Total Coliform and faecal coliform observed higher than the desirable and permissible limits at all locations. BOD is observed above limits in all the samples. Except at Kidana Pond TDS is also above limits in all the samples. KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | APRIL 2015 116 WELSPUN INDIA LTD., KUTCH EIA, EMP, RA & DMP FOR ONSHORE TREATED WASTE WATER DISPOSAL PIPELINE FOR 25 MLD CAPACITY DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT Details of Marine water Sampling Locations One Marine water sample was collected during the study period. The details of sampling location is given in Table 3-22. Table 3-22: Marine Water Sampling Locations S. no. Location Code 1 MW 1 Sample Date of Sampling Latitude Longitude Distance from Alignment Route in Km Tuna Port 08.12.2014 22°59'27.70"N 70°7'21.30"E 0.92 KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | APRIL 2015 Direction w.r.t Alignment Route E 117 EIA, EMP, RA & DMP FOR ONSHORE TREATED WASTE WATER DISPOSAL PIPELINE FOR 25 MLD CAPACITY WELSPUN INDIA LTD., KUTCH DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT Table 3-23: Analysis Report of Marine Water Samples S. No. Parameters Classification for Costal Water Marine (CPCB) Unit Tuna Port SW-I SW-II SW-III SW-IV SW-V Sea water 1 pH - 6.5 to 8.5 6.5 to 8.5 6.5 to 8.5 6.0 to 9.0 6.0 to 9.0 6.30 2 Total Dissolved Oxygen mg/l 5.0 4.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 4.8 3 Colour and Odour - No Colour No Odour No Colour No Odour No Colour No Odour No Colour No Odour No Colour No Odour 15 4 Floating Matters mg/l None None None 10 NS None NS NS NS NS 12 5 Suspended Solids mg/l None from Sewage or Industrial waste Origin 6 Turbidity NTU NS 30 30 NS NS 0.4 7 BOD mg/l NS 3 NS 5 NS 5 8 Oil and Grease (including Petroleum Products) mg/l 0.1 NS NS NS NS <0.4 9 Mercury (as Hg) mg/l 0.001 NS NS NS NS <0.001 10 Lead (as Pb) mg/l 0.001 NS NS NS NS <0.001 11 Cadmium (as Cd) mg/l 0.01 NS NS NS NS <0.01 12 Dissolved Iron (as Fe) mg/l NS NS 0.5 NS NS <0.5 13 Dissolved Manganese (as Mn) mg/l NS NS 0.5 NS NS <0.5 14 Faecal Coliform ml (MPN) NS 100/100 500/100 500/100 500/100 39 KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | APRIL 2015 118 EIA, EMP, RA & DMP FOR ONSHORE TREATED WASTE WATER DISPOSAL PIPELINE FOR 25 MLD CAPACITY WELSPUN INDIA LTD., KUTCH S. No. Parameters Classification for Costal Water Marine (CPCB) Unit SW-I 15 Sludge Deposits, Solid refuse floating Solids, Oil Grease and Scum - DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT NS SW-II SW-III NS NS Tuna Port SW-IV SW-V Sea water NS None except for treated Sewage and Industrial waste Effluent None Classification as per Marine Water Quality I NS: Not Specified, NR: No Relaxation Source: CPCB Guidelines for Marine Bodies Table 3-24: Classification of Coastal/ Marine Waters for Designated Best Uses Class Designated Best Use SW-I Salt Pan SW-II Bathing, Contact Water Sports and Commercial Fishing SW-III Industrial Cooling, Recreation (Non-contact) and Aesthetics SW-IV Harbour SW-V Navigation and Controlled Waste Disposal Observation of Marine Water Quality The baseline quality of marine water based on the results of the Marine water quality monitoring within the study area, it is observed that; Coastal/marine water can be used majorly for Salt Pan utilization, Commercial fishing, Harbour use. KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | APRIL 2015 119 WELSPUN INDIA LTD., KUTCH EIA, EMP, RA & DMP FOR ONSHORE TREATED WASTE WATER DISPOSAL PIPELINE FOR 25 MLD CAPACITY 3.14 Land 3.14.1 Topography and General Features DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT There is a natural gradient along the pipe line route. 3.14.2 Geology of the study area The entire area is covered by Basalt flows with Intertrappean sediments of Deccan Volcanincs group having age Upper Cretaceous to Eocene age. These basaltic flowa are associated with intertrappean horizons containing dinosaurian remains. Various vertebrates, including dinosaurian remains are presents in these sediments. Alkaline intrusives, basaltic flows, basaltic/doleritic and olivine gabbro intrusives and andesitic trachyte represent the Deccan volcanics. 3.14.3 Soil Characteristics The project area falls under Gujarat Plains and Hill region XIII (North west zone, GJ-5) and Agroecological zone-3 characterized by <40 cm rainfall, 3-8 % slope,25-50cm soil depth and EC is 4-8 dS/m. The soils are mostly sandy to sandy loam and few areas are having medium black soils as well as desert and forest soils are present in Kutch. The source of irrigation is open wells (56.9 %), canal (38.7 %) and bore well (4.4 %).The cropping intensity is 107 %.The major crops of the area are bajra, green gram, castor, groundnut, cotton, wheat and moth bean. The mango, sapota, papaya and banana are fruit crops and date palm and coconut are the plantation crops. Among vegetable crops cucurbits, brinjal, tomato and okra are cultivated. 3.14.4 Soil Monitoring Methodology Monitoring methodology for soil is given in Table 3-25. The samples were manually collected and analyzed. Table 3-25: Monitoring Methodology for soil Sampling Parameters Sample Analysis Analytical Equipment Sensitivity / Detection Limit Methodology Porosity As per IS: 2720 As per IS: 2720 IS : 2720 (part-6) 1980 Water Holding Capacity As per HMSO, UK As per HMSO, UK HMSO, UK Permeability As per IS: 2720 As per IS: 2720 IS : 2720 (part-36) 1987 Moisture Electronic Balance 0.001 mg IS: 2720 Part 2 Particle Size Distribution As per IS: 2720 As per IS: 2720 IS: 2720 Part 4 Sand - - - Silt - - - Clay - - - Texture As per IS: 2720 As per IS: 2720 IS: 2720 Part 4 Cation Exchange Capacity Extraction and Titration - IS: 2720 Part 24 (1976) KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | APRIL 2015 Remarks Trial pit method for topsoil sample collection; disturbed samples 5% Leachate to be made and analyzed as per APHA, “Standard Methods” 120 WELSPUN INDIA LTD., KUTCH Sampling Parameters Electrical Conductivity Sodium Absorption Ratio pH Calcium Magnesium Sodium Potassium 3.14.5 EIA, EMP, RA & DMP FOR ONSHORE TREATED WASTE WATER DISPOSAL PIPELINE FOR 25 MLD CAPACITY DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT Sample Analysis Methodology Analytical Equipment Sensitivity / Detection Limit As per IS 14767 2000 As per IS 14767 -2000 As per IS 14767 -2000 Flame Photometer (Na, K) - Calculation - IS : 2720 (part-26) 1987/ APHA: 4500 H+ B, pH meter - After Leachate formation, APHA: 3500B-Ca (22nd Edition) Titrametic,(EDTA method) - After leachate preparation, APHA: 3500-B-Mg (22nd Edition), By difference 100 µg/l After leachate formation,APHA:3500 Na-B (22nd Edition), Flame emission Photometric 100 µg/l After leachate formation, APHA:3500 Na-B (22nd Edition), Flame emission Photometric Titration ( Ca & Mg) pH Meter EDTA Titration EDTA Titration Flame Photometer Flame Photometer Remarks All method numbers are as per APHA “Standard Methods” (20th edition, 1998) Surface Soil Sampling Locations Soil Sampling locations are presented in Table 3-26, covering the study area. Also sampling photographs is presented in Photographs 3-5. Total 7 samples in the study area has been taken and analyzed, results of which are presented in Table 3-27. KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | APRIL 2015 121 WELSPUN INDIA LTD., KUTCH EIA, EMP, RA & DMP FOR ONSHORE TREATED WASTE WATER DISPOSAL PIPELINE FOR 25 MLD CAPACITY DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT Table 3-26: Soil Sampling Locations Location Date of Sampling Latitude Longitude Distance from Alignment Route in Km S1 Welspun Township 08.12.14 23°7'46.30"N 70°4'53.00"E 1.22 NNE S2 Gandhidham 06.12.14 23°3'49.00"N 70°4'48.20"E 2.93 WSW S3 Adipur 06.12.14 23°4'56.10"N 70°5'43.50"E 0.0 N S4 Shinay 05.12.14 23°2'15.90"N 70° 4'2.30"E 4.48 WNW S5 Kidana 06.12.14 23° 2'3.60"N 70°6'20.10"E 0.54 W S6 Bharapar 05.12.14 23°0'24.70"N 70°5'54.90"E 1.36 NW S7 Nr. Tuna Port 08.12.14 23°0'16.90"N 70°7'45.60"E 1.15 ESE Sample Id Direction w.r.t Alignment Route Photographs 3-5: Sampling Photographs for Soil Monitoring Kadana Village Near Tuna Port Shinay Village Gandhidham KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | APRIL 2015 122 WELSPUN INDIA LTD., KUTCH EIA, EMP, RA & DMP FOR ONSHORE TREATED WASTE WATER DISPOSAL PIPELINE FOR 25 MLD CAPACITY Adipur KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | APRIL 2015 DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT Bharapar Village 123 EIA, EMP, RA & DMP FOR ONSHORE TREATED WASTE WATER DISPOSAL PIPELINE FOR 25 MLD CAPACITY WELSPUN INDIA LTD., KUTCH DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT Table 3-27: Surface Soil Analysis Results Sampling Locations S. No Parameter 1 Porosity 2 Unit S1 Welspun Township S2 S3 S4 S5 S6 S7 Gandhidham Adipur Shinay Kidana Bharapor Nr.Tunaport % 53 54 46 52 54 49 56 Water Holding Capacity % 44.92 49.84 31.91 35.55 50.21 38.83 70.27 3 Permeability mm/hr 16.74 18.79 21.13 18.79 14.94 23.9 16.38 4 Moisture 1.61 5.92 0.86 1.48 1.59 2.34 9.81 5 Particle Size Distribution a Sand % 52.28 54.56 66.28 57.28 54.56 63.84 28.56 b Clay % 25.54 28.72 25.72 21.44 21.72 19.44 26.44 c Silt % 22.28 16.72 8.00 21.28 23.72 16.72 45.00 9 Texture - Sandy Clay Loam Sandy Clay Loam Sandy Clay Loam Sandy Clay Loam Sandy Clay Loam Sandy Loam Loam 10 Cation Exchange Capacity meq/ 21.50 20.44 22.04 20.90 23.70 18.30 24.92 11 Electrical Conductivity 200 93.5 129 900 166 651 7520 12 Sodium Absorption Ratio 0.5 0.57 0.51 0.47 0.36 0.41 0.61 13 Exchangeable sodium % <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 14 pH - 7.21 7.20 7.19 7.01 7.21 7.30 6.88 15 Calcium gm/kg 0.72 0.82 0.61 0.72 0.66 0.83 1.51 16 Magnesium gm/kg 0.58 0.67 0.80 0.58 0.72 0.76 1.61 17 Sodium gm/kg 0.33 0.41 0.36 0.32 0.25 0.31 0.64 100gm dS/m KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | APRIL 2015 124 EIA, EMP, RA & DMP FOR ONSHORE TREATED WASTE WATER DISPOSAL PIPELINE FOR 25 MLD CAPACITY WELSPUN INDIA LTD., KUTCH DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT Sampling Locations S. No Parameter 18 Potassium Unit gm/kg S1 Welspun Township S2 S3 S4 S5 S6 S7 Gandhidham Adipur Shinay Kidana Bharapor Nr.Tunaport 0.05 0.08 0.06 0.04 0.05 0.08 0.23 Observations For monitoring soil quality seven (Welspun Township, Ghandhidham, Adipur, Shinay, Kidana, Bharapar and Nr. Tuna Port) soil samples were collected including the project site. The samples were assessed for physical and chemical properties. The porosity ranged from 46% (Adipur village) to 56% (Nr.Port) and WHC varied from 31.91% (Adipur village) to 50.91% (nr.Tuna Port).The soil permeability was good which ranged from 14.94 mm/hr (Kidana village) to 21.13 mm/hr (Adipur village) indicating that soils are having sand to sandy loam texture and even sandy clay loam texture showed good permeability probably due to presence high amount of organic matter in the soils. Soil pH varied from 6.88 (Nr. Tuna Port) to 7.3 (Bharapar village). KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | APRIL 2015 125 WELSPUN INDIA LTD., KUTCH 3.14.6 EIA, EMP, RA & DMP FOR ONSHORE TREATED WASTE WATER DISPOSAL PIPELINE FOR 25 MLD CAPACITY DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT Details of Sediment Sampling Locations Total 4 sediment samples were collected and details are presented in Table 3-28 and the analysis results of the sediment samples are given in Table 3-29. Table 3-28: Location Details of Sediment Samples Location Date of Sampling Latitude Longitude Distance from Alignment Route in Km ST 1 Nr. Nakti Creek 31.12.14 23°0'13.60"N 70°7'57.00"E 1.44 ESE 2 ST 2 Nr. Nakti Creek 31.12.14 23°0'13.10"N 70° 7'55.30"E 1.49 ESE 3 ST 3 Nr. Nakti Creek 31.12.14 22°58'39.50"N 70°6'28.20"E 0.52 W 4 ST 4 Nr. Nakti Creek 31.12.14 22°59'13.10"N 70°7'17.40"E 0.93 ESE S. No. Station Code 1 KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | APRIL 2015 Direction w.r.t Alignment Route 126 WELSPUN INDIA LTD., KUTCH EIA, EMP, RA & DMP FOR ONSHORE TREATED WASTE WATER DISPOSAL PIPELINE FOR 25 MLD CAPACITY DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT Table 3-29: Analysis Results of Sediment Samples S. No. Parameter Unit 1 Porosity 2 Station code/Sampling Locations ST1 ST2 ST3 ST4 % 59 60 58 60 Water Holding Capacity % 46.73 45.58 48.19 48.85 3 Permeability mm/hr 3.09 2.48 2.93 2.78 4 Particle Size Distribution 5 Sand % 16.28 20.28 19.56 22.56 6 Silt % 54.28 51.56 53.72 50.28 7 Clay % 29.44 28.16 26.72 27.16 8 Texture - Silt Loam Silt Loam Silt Loam Silt Loam 9 Cation Exchange Capacity meq/ 100gm 29.12 29.50 27.98 26.46 10 Electrical Conductivity μmhos/ cm 7.46 6.96 5.15 9.15 11 Sodium Absorption Ratio 7.08 9.62 10.73 6.65 12 Exchangeable sodium % 8.41 11.45 12.72 7.88 13 pH - 7.30 7.65 8.01 7.87 14 Calcium gm/ kg 0.30 0.37 0.35 0.56 15 Magnesium gm/ kg 0.79 0.46 0.37 1.12 16 Sodium gm/ kg 4.63 5.26 5.43 5.33 17 Potassium gm/ kg 1.00 0.86 0.74 0.78 Observation To monitor the sediments quality samples were collected from four Stations. The results indicate that the values of porosity, WHC and permeability varied narrowly and texture was silt loam mainly due to accumulation of washed silt from the surrounding areas. The EC (salinity) and ESP (sodicity) were very high as the predominance of sodium ion is there in sea water. Thus among water soluble cations predominance of sodium was seen followed by potassium, magnesium and calcium. The pH varied from 7.3 to 8.01, which indicate that though there is predominance of sodium ion salts are of neutral nature. 3.15 Description of Ecological Environment Natural flora and fauna are important features of the environment. They are organized into natural communities and are sensitive to outside influences. Integrating ecological thinking into the planning process is urgent need in the context of deterioration of natural environments, which is unwanted but direct consequence of development. Biological communities, being dependent on the condition and resources of its location may change if there is change in the environment. Hence change in the status of flora fauna are an elementary requirement of Environment Impact Assessment Studies, in view of the need for conservation of environmental quality and biodiversity. Information on flora fauna was collected within the study area. Study of biological environment is one of the most important components for Environmental Impact Assessment, in view of the need for conservation of environmental quality and biodiversity. Ecological systems show complex inter-relationships between biotic and abiotic components KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | APRIL 2015 127 WELSPUN INDIA LTD., KUTCH EIA, EMP, RA & DMP FOR ONSHORE TREATED WASTE WATER DISPOSAL PIPELINE FOR 25 MLD CAPACITY DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT including dependence, competition and mutualism. Biotic components comprise of both plant and animal communities which interact not only within and between themselves but also with the abiotic components viz. Physical and chemical components of the environment. Generally, biological communities are good indicators of climatic and edaphic factors. Studies on biological aspects of ecosystems are important in Environmental Impact Assessment for safety of natural flora and fauna. Information on the impact of environmental stress on the community structure serves as an inexpensive and efficient early warning system to check the damage to a particular ecosystem. The biological environment includes mainly terrestrial ecosystem and aquatic ecosystem. 3.15.1 Biodiversity of Terrestrial Environment Conference of parties to the Convention on Biological diversity (CBD) held at Curitiba, Brazil on March 20th - 31st, 2006 suggested biodiversity to be considered in impact assessment by providing voluntary guidelines on biodiversity inclusive Environmental Impact Assessment. CBD provides a strong international platform for applying impact assessment techniques to biodiversity conservation. It specifically calls for impact assessment measures to ensure that biodiversity is addressed in projects, plan and policy decision (Article14). An underlying justification for the application of impact assessment is also given in Article - 8 which is for promoting the protection of ecosystems, natural habitats, promoting environmentally sound and sustainable development in areas next to the protected areas. 3.15.2 Biological Diversity The variety and variability of organisms and ecosystems is referred to as biological diversity or Bio diversity. Biodiversity is a term which has gained enormous importance in the past few years. Technically, it is a contraction of 'biological diversity'. For the purposes of the CBD (Article 2. Use of Terms), 'Biological Diversity' is "the variability among living organisms from all sources including, inter alia, terrestrial, marine and other aquatic ecosystems and the ecological complexes of which they are part; this includes diversity within species, between species and of ecosystems". In practice, 'biodiversity' is most often used as a collective noun synonymous with nature or 'Life on Earth' (WCMC Biodiversity Series No 5, 1996). The biodiversity, we see today is the result of billions of years of evolution, shaped by natural processes. The vast array of interactions among the various components of biodiversity makes the planet habitable for all species, including humans. There is a growing recognition that, biological diversity is a global asset of tremendous value to present and future generations. At the same time, the threat to species and ecosystems has never been as great as it is today. Species extinction caused by human activities continues at an alarming rate. Protecting biodiversity is for our self-interest and also for the future generation. 3.15.3 Ecological Impact Assessment Ecological impact assessment (EcIA) is used to predict and evaluate the impacts of development activities on ecosystems and their components, thereby providing the information needed to ensure that ecological issues are given full and proper consideration in development planning. Environmental impact assessment (EIA) has emerged as a key to sustainable development by integrating social, economic and environmental issues in many countries. EcIA has a major part to play as a component of EIA but also has other potential applications in environmental planning and management. Ecological Impact Assessment provides a comprehensive review of the EcIA process and summarizes the ecological theories and tools that can be used to understand, explain and evaluate the ecological consequences of development proposals. KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | APRIL 2015 128 WELSPUN INDIA LTD., KUTCH EIA, EMP, RA & DMP FOR ONSHORE TREATED WASTE WATER DISPOSAL PIPELINE FOR 25 MLD CAPACITY DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT Environmental impact assessments have become an integral part of development projects in India ever since 1994, to formulate policies and guidelines for environmentally sound economic development. Proper assessment of biological environment and compilation of its taxonomical data is essential for the impact prediction. Consistent and regularly updated data on regional and local taxonomy and floristic and faunal diversity of the areas are almost non-existent in country as diverse as India. Instant information on biodiversity profiles of the area, where the proposed project is setting up, is an essential part of the baseline studies of EIA. In such a situation, good primary baseline biodiversity survey is a prerequisite for the collection of reliable data. The professional ethic of the EIA practitioners should be their will and skill to conduct scientific field surveys. These contributions towards biodiversity surveys may sometimes recognized as the actual value additions in terms of new records or a new data base but are more often recognized in the validation and updating of the existing information base. 3.16 Period of the study and Study area The baseline study was conducted for the evaluation of floral and faunal biodiversity of the terrestrial environment and mangrove environment within 10 Km radius from the proposed project in the Anjar, Kutch district during October 2014. 3.16.1 Methodology The primary objective of survey was to describe the floristic and faunal communities within the study area. The sampling plots for floral inventory were selected randomly in the suitable habitats within the 10 km radius from the project location. The methodology adopted for faunal survey involve; faunal habitat assessment, random intensive survey, opportunistic observations, diurnal bird observation, active search for reptiles, active search for scats and foot prints and review of previous studies. The aim was to set baselines in order to monitor and identify trends after the commencement of expansion activity. Emphasis has been placed on presence of rare, endemic, migratory and threatened species, if any present in the study area. Desktop literature review was conducted to identify the representative spectrum of threatened species, population and ecological communities as listed by IUCN, ZSI, BSI and in Indian wild Life Protection act, 1972. The status of individual species was assessed using the revised IUCN category system. 3.17 Biodiversity of Terrestrial Environment 3.17.1 Floral Diversity of the study area Structure in the study area for formulating effective management and conservation measures. The climatic, edaphic and biotic variations with their complex interrelationship and composition of species, which are adapted to these variations, have resulted in different vegetation cover, characteristic of each region. The following account of floral inventory has been based on the field survey conducted for a short duration in the October 2014, is not very comprehensive data and is aimed only to give a general pattern of vegetation of this region during the study period as a baseline data in absence of available secondary data. Listing of the endangered, threatened and endemic species of flora in a locality and drawing the attention to the occurrence of such species, would aid in creating awareness amongst the local people as a whole to protect such species from extinction, and to take necessary measures for their conservation. These type of floristic study is an inventory for such purpose and hence a necessity. The dominant tree species, herbs, shrubs and major crops, were documented during this base line study. KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | APRIL 2015 129 WELSPUN INDIA LTD., KUTCH EIA, EMP, RA & DMP FOR ONSHORE TREATED WASTE WATER DISPOSAL PIPELINE FOR 25 MLD CAPACITY DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT The list of floral species is prepared based on visual observation during site visit and through review of site literatures and secondary data available with various government offices is referred for identifying rare or endangered species in the region. The vegetation mostly comprises of open scrub vegetation. Prosopis juliflora (Jangali Babul) is observed to be dominant in the study area. No forest land comes under study area. The vegetation type is subtropical coastal thorny scrub jungles with trees predominantly moist deciduous type but rarely evergreen. The natural vegetation is scarce, scattered and open. In all other areas, the trees are dominated by Acacia nilotica and Prosopis juliflora. The plants growing are Acacia nilotica, Prosopis juliflora along with wide variety of herb and shrub species. It is of no use to villagers except for collecting wood for fuels. The coastal bed confined to seashores have mangrove ecosystem where mangrove forest with Avicenia and Rhizophora species found on the seaward side. Density in these areas varies from open forest to dense. A total of 30 plant species are observed in the study area out of which 18 species of trees and shrubs, 4 species of Climbers, 6 species of grasses and 2 species of mangroves are observed. Details pertaining to flora observed in the study area have been collected from District Forest Department, District Gazetteer and Field Observation is presented in a tabular format Table 3-30. Table 3-30: List of Floral species in Study Area Sr. No. Scientific Name Local Name Status TREES AND SHRUBS 1. Tamarindus indica Amli C 2. Cassia auriculata Aval C 3. Acacia nilotica Baval C 4. Zizyphus sp. Bor C 5. Acacia planifrons Chatri Baval C 6. Prosopis juliflora Gando Baval 7. Cordia dichotoma Gundi C 8. Balanites aegyptica Ingori C 9. Euphorbia nivulia Kanthoro Thor C 10. Capparis aphylla Kerdo 11. Prosopis cineraria Khijado C 12. Azadirachta indica Limdo C 13. Calotropis gigantia Moto Akdo C 14. Moringa oleifera Sargawo C 15. Ficus benghalensis Vad C 16. Sygygium cumunii Jambu C 17. Cassia fistula Garmalo C 18. Cocos nucifera Coconut C Bongainvillea spectabilis Bougainvel C 2. Cuscuta reflexa Amarvel C 3. Tinospora cordifolia Galo C 4. Celastrus paniculata Malkankan C CLIMBER 1. GRASSES 1. Sorghum halepense Baru C 2. Cynodon dactylon Daro C KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | APRIL 2015 130 WELSPUN INDIA LTD., KUTCH EIA, EMP, RA & DMP FOR ONSHORE TREATED WASTE WATER DISPOSAL PIPELINE FOR 25 MLD CAPACITY Sr. No. DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT Scientific Name Local Name Status 3. Cymbopogon jwarancusa Gandharu C 4. Dichanthium annulatum Jinjavo C 5. Apluda mutica Bhangoru C 6. Themeda cymbaria Ratad C MANGROVES 1. Avicennia marina Cher C 2. Rhizophora mucronata Karod C 3.17.2 Cultivated Plants in the study area: The agricultural practices are very less in and around study area. Major crops in the study area are Cotton and Vegetables. 3.17.3 Rare and Endangered Flora in the study area Among the enumerated flora in the study area, no rare and endangered or rare flora was observed. 3.17.4 Endemic flora in the study area There is no endemic plant observed in the study area. 3.17.5 Status of Forest and their category in the study area There is no notified/protected ecologically sensitive area including national park, sanctuary, Elephant/Tiger reserves existing in the study area covering 10 km radial distance. 3.18 Faunal Diversity in study area For the documentation of the faunal diversity of the study area with respect to birds, reptiles and mammals species, a baseline survey had been conducted in October, 2014. A faunal enlisting of mammals, reptiles and birds with their scientific names, common names and the schedule (As per Wild Life Protection Act, 1972) to which they belong is presented in below table. Due to short time period of ecological assessment, faunal species except birds could not be observed. However, bird species were visually observed and recorded. Cattle Egret, Red wattled lapwings, Sandpiper were common in most habitats. Migratory birds such as flamingo, pelican etc. are known to use the area. Common peafowl was reported by people. 3.18.1 Birds of the study area List of bird species in the study area with the status of occurrence is given in Table 3-31. Table 3-31: List of Birds in Study Area No 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Scientific Name Common Name Conservation Status as per IWPA -1972 (Schedule I -VI) Conservation Status as per IUCN Pondiceps ruficolis Ardeola grayii Bulbulcus ibis Platalea leucorodia Anas crecca Little Grebe Schedule -IV Least Concern Pond Heron Cattle Egret Spoonbill Schedule -IV Schedule -IV Schedule -IV Least Concern Least Concern Least Concern Common Teal Schedule -IV Least Concern KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | APRIL 2015 131 WELSPUN INDIA LTD., KUTCH No EIA, EMP, RA & DMP FOR ONSHORE TREATED WASTE WATER DISPOSAL PIPELINE FOR 25 MLD CAPACITY Scientific Name DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT Common Name Conservation Status as per IWPA -1972 (Schedule I -VI) Conservation Status as per IUCN 6. Haliastur indus Brahminy Kite Schedule -IV Least Concern 7. Francolinus pondicerianus Vanellus indicus Grey Partridge Schedule -IV Least Concern 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. Red wattled Lapwing Schedule -IV Least Concern Tringa hypoleucos Columba livia Common Sandpiper Schedule -IV Least Concern Blue Rock Pigeon Schedule -IV Least Concern Stroptopelia senegalensis Eudymamys scolopacea Psittacula krameri Caprimulgus asiaticus Alcedo atthis Little Brown Dove Schedule -IV Least Concern Koel Schedule -IV Least Concern Rose ringed parakeet Schedule - V Least Concern Common Indian Nightjar Common Kingfisher Schedule -IV Least Concern Schedule -IV Least Concern Coracias benghalensis Lanius excubitor Upupa epops Indian Roller Schedule -IV Least Concern Grey Shrike Schedule -IV Least Concern Hoopoe Schedule -IV Least Concern Dicrurus adsimmlis Acridotheres ginginianus Black Drongo Schedule -IV Least Concern Common Myna Schedule -IV Least Concern Red Vented Bulbul Schedule -IV Least Concern Tailor Bird Schedule -IV Least Concern Pycnonotus cafer 22. Orthotomus sutorius 23. Turdoides sp. 21. Bulbul Schedule -IV Least Concern 24. Lonchura sp. Munia Schedule -IV Least Concern 25. Passer domesticus House Sparrow Schedule -IV Least Concern 3.18.2 Reptiles Documented reptiles in this region are given in Table 3-32. Table 3-32: List of Reptiles in study area Name of Species Conservation Status S. No Common Name Scientific name IWPA -1972 (Schedule I - VI) IUCN 1 Naja naja* Indian Cobra II Least Concerned 2 Calotes versicolor (Daudin) Common garden lizard IV Least Concerned 3 Acrochordus granulates File Snake IV Least Concerned 4 Champacuon zeylanicus Indian Chameleon IV Least Concerned 5 Natrix piscator Cheakered keelback IV Least Concerned = Not sighted but included as per the information provided by villagers, during the interaction with them with pictorial presentation. KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | APRIL 2015 132 WELSPUN INDIA LTD., KUTCH 3.18.3 EIA, EMP, RA & DMP FOR ONSHORE TREATED WASTE WATER DISPOSAL PIPELINE FOR 25 MLD CAPACITY DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT Mammals The wild mammals observed other than domesticated ones from study area is documented in the Table 3-33. Table 3-33: List of Mammals in study area S. No Common Name Scientific name Local Status IWPA -1972 (Schedule I - VI) 1 Indian field mouse Wild Boar Mus booduga (Gray) Abundant V Sus Scrofa Abundant III Five striped Palm squirrel Nilgai Common Mongoose Jackal Funambulus pennanti (Wroughton) Boselaphus tragocamelus (Pallas) Herpestes edwardsi (Geoffroy) Common IV Abundant Common III II Canis aureus (Linnaeus) Common II 2 3 4 5 6 3.18.4 Endemic Fauna of the Study area None of the sighted animal species can be assigned endemic species category of the study area. 3.18.5 Scheduled Fauna of the study area Wild Life (Protection) Act, 1972, amended on 17th January 2003, is an Act to provide for the protection of wild animals, birds and plants and for matters connected therewith or ancillary or incidental thereto with a view to ensuring the ecological and environmental security of the country. Some of the sighted fauna was given protection by the Indian Wild Life (Protection) Act, 1972 by including them in different schedules. None of the reported animals are fall in Schedule I. Among reptile only Indian Cobra (Naja naja) are provided protection as per Schedule-II of Wild life protection act, (1972) which was reported in the study area. Among mammals; Common Mongoose (Herpestes edwardsi) and Jackal (Canis aureus (Linnaeus) are schedule –II animals. Nilgai (Boselaphus tragocamelus) is protected as Schedule-III animal as per Wild Life Protection act 1972. 3.19 Mangrove Environment The site visit included a complete walk through of the site and a drive-by Survey. Total 3 sites have been observed where entire stretches were covered by mangroves. Mangrove population represents in sparse to dense. Avicennia sp. and Rhizophora sp. both were present but Avicennia sp. were dominant in this area. Both mature and regeneration phase of mangroves has been observed near creek and intertidal belt. Only one dominant species (Avicennia sp.) in regeneration phase has been observed. Mature trees were more near junction of creek. Important mangrove vegetation attributes like stand density, Girth at Breast Height (GBH), Canopy cover were studied. In general, mangrove stand at Kandla creek is structurally better and dense. Average mature tree density >1500 trees/ha (approx.) was recorded. Tree height showed perceptible variation and ranged from 1 m to 3.5m with an overall average mature tree height of 1.5 m. In general mangrove formations at Kandla had the best structural attributes a as the mature forest with higher vegetation structure. KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | APRIL 2015 133 WELSPUN INDIA LTD., KUTCH 3.20 EIA, EMP, RA & DMP FOR ONSHORE TREATED WASTE WATER DISPOSAL PIPELINE FOR 25 MLD CAPACITY DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT Socio-Economic Environment This chapter analyzes the existing socio-economic conditions of the habitations as well as community residing in the project area. It also identifies the potential issues and problems in the area. For the design of project stakeholder views were taken through the Interview and Visual Perception. It may help to make the project responsive to social development concerns, including the options that enhance benefits for poor and vulnerable people while minimizing or mitigating risk and adverse impacts. Stakeholder views ware gathered to develop CSR activities, which project proponent, can take up in the study area for social development. The activities under CSR were selected in such that they benefit in poor and vulnerable people in the study area. KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | APRIL 2015 134 WELSPUN INDIA LTD., KUTCH EIA, EMP, RA & DMP FOR ONSHORE TREATED WASTE WATER DISPOSAL PIPELINE FOR 25 MLD CAPACITY DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT Figure 3-4: Map of the Study Area 3.21 Methodology (Observation, Ground-trotting and Visual Perception) The following Methodology adopted for the socio-economic assessment: 3.22 List of villages, population and number of households were gathered from Census and Primary sources of data mainly the village’s data and Visual Perception. A thorough Primary collection of all the Habitation within the project study area. I.e. Zone of Immediate Impact, of the project site will be carried out. Various stake holder consultations were also carried out wherever possible. Key informants were identified and information was gathered with the help of Village Panchayat. Collected data and opinions of the local people as well as the migrant population will be analyzed to chart out a common CSR framework and Social Management Plan. Demographic Profile of Project District and Sub-district Details regarding the demographic profile of project district and Sub-district are given in Table 3-34. KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | APRIL 2015 135 WELSPUN INDIA LTD., KUTCH EIA, EMP, RA & DMP FOR ONSHORE TREATED WASTE WATER DISPOSAL PIPELINE FOR 25 MLD CAPACITY DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT Table 3-34: Demographic Profile of Project District and Sub-district Sub-district District Sl. No. Items 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. No. of Household Total Population Male Population % of Male Population Female Population % of Female Population Total Schedule Caste Population % of Schedule Caste Population Total Schedule Tribe Population % of Schedule Tribe Population Household Size (Kutch) Anjar Gandhidham 445672 2092371 1096737 52.42 995634 47.58 258859 12.37 24228 1.16 4.69 51938 235537 123401 52.39 112136 47.61 20256 8.60 2557 1.09 4.53 71447 327166 174343 53.29 152823 46.71 58783 17.97 5963 1.82 4.58 Source: Primary Census Abstract 2011 As per the 2011 census, the total population of the project district of Kutch is 2092371. Out of the total population, male are 1096737 (52.42%) and female population is 995634 (47.58%). The proportion of SC and ST population to total population is 12.37% and 1.16 % respectively. The household size is Kutch district is 5<. The national sex ratio in India is 940 as per latest reports of Census 2011. 3.23 Brief Profile of Study Area The study area covers 11 habitations in Anjar Sub-district and 7 habitations in Gandhidham Sub-district in Kutch of the Gujarat state. There are 14 Village and 2 Nagar Panchayat and 2 Municipal Corporation area falls under the study area. Total 18 Habilitations comes under project study area. The statistics regarding the list of villages with Household and Population Details of the study area is given in Table 3- 35. Table 3-35: Lists of Villages in Study Area Gandhidham % age Female % age Male Total Urban 54565 247992 131484 53.02 116508 46.98 Galpadar (CT) Urban 2652 13155 7483 56.88 5672 43.12 Kidana Rural 3272 15669 8093 51.65 7576 48.35 Bharapar Rural 378 1462 944 64.57 518 35.43 Tuna Rural 1007 5114 2573 50.31 2541 49.69 Rural 2799 12637 6701 53.03 5936 46.97 64673 296029 157278 53.13 138751 46.87 Urban 2426 11256 5891 52.34 5365 47.66 Rural 1093 5123 2697 52.64 2426 47.36 Rampar Rural 249 1262 634 50.24 628 49.76 Varsamedi Rural 2826 10654 6546 61.44 4108 38.56 Meghpar (Borichi) Antarjal (CT) Meghpar Anjar Kutch Gujarat No. of Gandhidham (M) Sub-total 3 - 5 km Household Area Village Name of Sub district Anjar Gandhi dham District Kutch State Gujarat 0 - 3 km Distance Population Details (Kumbhardi) KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | APRIL 2015 136 WELSPUN INDIA LTD., KUTCH EIA, EMP, RA & DMP FOR ONSHORE TREATED WASTE WATER DISPOSAL PIPELINE FOR 25 MLD CAPACITY DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT % age Female % age No. of 211 988 465 47.06 523 52.94 6805 29283 16233 55.43 13050 44.57 Shinay Rural 969 4345 2203 50.70 2142 49.30 Mithi Rohar Rural 2757 13712 7154 52.17 6558 47.83 Sanghad Rural 882 4279 2199 51.39 2080 48.61 Anjar (M) Urban 18906 87183 45172 51.81 42011 48.19 Satapar Rural 441 1851 981 53.00 870 47.00 Ajapar Rural 216 1040 505 48.56 535 51.44 Pashwadi Mitha Rural 154 671 335 49.93 336 50.07 Sub-total 24325 113081 58549 51.78 54532 48.22 Grand total 95803 438393 232060 52.93 206333 47.07 Anjar Kutch Gujarat 5 - 7 km Gandhidham Sub-total Male Rural Total Pashwadi Khara Household Area Village Name of Sub district District State Distance Population Details Source: Primary Census Abstract 2011 3.24 Social Profile 3.24.1 Population and Household Details As per the Census data 2011, there are 95803 household consisting 438393 persons in the study area. Out of total population, male are 232060 (52.93%) and female population are 206333 (47.07%). It is estimated that each households consists of < 5 persons. The statistics regarding the Household and the number of population of villages in the study area are given in Table: 3-35. 3.24.2 Religious Category and Social Characteristics The study area has a predominant Hindu and Muslims population. Hindus in the project area as elsewhere, is based on the traditional four-fold caste system of Brahmin, Kshatriya, Vaishyas and Shudras. The first three categories belong to higher caste whereas the last category generally belongs to Scheduled caste and Tribes. As per Census 2011, average SC population in the study area is 15.43% of the total population. In case of ST population, this number has gone down and reached up to only 1.47% of the total population. The statistics regarding the Social Characteristics of villages in the study area are given in Table 3-36. Table 3-36: Schedule Caste and Schedule Tribe Population Distribution in Study Area district Town 0 - 3 km Gandhidham Gandhidham (M) 20.36 10.54 9.82 1.65 0.85 0.79 0 - 3 km Gandhidham Galpadar (CT) 9.51 5.56 3.95 3.00 1.87 1.13 0 - 3 km Gandhidham Kidana 22.67 11.40 11.27 1.16 0.62 0.54 0 - 3 km Gandhidham Bharapar 1.64 1.30 0.34 0.68 0.55 0.14 0 - 3 km Anjar Tuna 13.67 6.96 6.71 0.02 0.00 0.02 KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | APRIL 2015 Male e Total Name of Village / Female Population Sub Male Population Distanc Total % age of ST Female % age of SC 137 WELSPUN INDIA LTD., KUTCH EIA, EMP, RA & DMP FOR ONSHORE TREATED WASTE WATER DISPOSAL PIPELINE FOR 25 MLD CAPACITY 0 - 3 km Anjar Meghpar (Borichi) 3 - 5 km Gandhidham Antarjal (CT) 3 - 5 km Anjar 3 - 5 km Anjar 3 - 5 km 3 - 5 km Female Town Male district Total e Population Female Name of Village / % age of ST Population Male Sub % age of SC Total Distanc DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT 6.23 3.25 2.98 1.83 0.95 0.88 19.18 9.95 9.24 1.66 0.87 0.78 9.32 4.74 4.58 4.67 2.39 2.28 Meghpar (Kumbhardi) 19.50 10.13 9.37 0.53 0.25 0.27 Rampar 31.77 16.09 15.69 7.92 4.20 3.72 Anjar Varsamedi 7.35 4.25 3.10 2.15 1.18 0.97 Anjar Pashwadi Khara 6.68 3.04 3.64 0.00 0.00 0.00 11.26 5.94 5.32 3.01 1.57 1.44 Sub-total Sub-total 5 - 7 km Gandhidham Shinay 1.73 0.92 0.81 0.76 0.37 0.39 5 - 7 km Gandhidham Mithi Rohar 9.72 5.18 4.54 0.88 0.53 0.35 5 - 7 km Anjar Sanghad 2.41 1.26 1.15 0.65 0.35 0.30 5 - 7 km Anjar Anjar (M) 6.45 3.34 3.11 0.53 0.26 0.27 5 - 7 km Anjar Satapar 12.05 5.94 6.10 0.11 0.05 0.05 5 - 7 km Anjar Ajapar 10.10 4.62 5.48 0.48 0.29 0.19 5 - 7 km Anjar Pashwadi Mitha 14.90 6.86 8.05 0.00 0.00 0.00 Sub-total 6.68 3.46 3.22 0.58 0.30 0.28 Grand total 15.43 8.01 7.43 1.47 0.77 0.70 Source: Primary Census Abstract 2011 Figure 3-5: Social Characteristics 20 15.43 15 10 8.01 7.43 5 1.47 0.77 0.7 0 % of SC Population % of ST Population 3.24.3 Literacy Rate in Study Area The statistics regarding the literacy rate in the study area are given in Table: 3-37 (Figure 3-2). Table 3-37: Literacy Rate in Study Area % of Literate Population % of Illiterate Distance Sub district Name of Village / Town Total Male female Population 0 - 3 km Gandhidham Gandhidham (M) 70.99 40.56 30.44 29.01 0 - 3 km Gandhidham Galpadar (CT) 70.23 44.07 26.16 29.77 0 - 3 km Gandhidham Kidana 61.09 36.35 24.74 38.91 0 - 3 km Gandhidham Bharapar 58.82 42.89 15.94 41.18 0 - 3 km Anjar Tuna 42.22 25.87 16.35 57.78 0 - 3 km Anjar Meghpar (Borichi) 73.26 40.82 32.44 26.74 KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | APRIL 2015 138 WELSPUN INDIA LTD., KUTCH EIA, EMP, RA & DMP FOR ONSHORE TREATED WASTE WATER DISPOSAL PIPELINE FOR 25 MLD CAPACITY DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT % of Literate Population Distance Sub district Name of Village / Town Sub-total % of Illiterate Total Male female Population 69.98 40.26 29.72 30.02 3 - 5 km Gandhidham Antarjal (CT) 61.59 36.19 25.41 38.41 3 - 5 km Anjar Meghpar (Kumbhardi) 61.68 35.94 25.75 38.32 3 - 5 km Anjar Rampar 48.73 30.27 18.46 51.27 3 - 5 km Anjar Varsamedi 70.11 48.19 21.93 29.89 3 - 5 km Anjar Pashwadi Khara 47.06 27.23 19.84 52.94 63.66 39.95 23.71 36.34 5 - 7 km Gandhidham Shinay 69.23 37.91 31.32 30.77 5 - 7 km Gandhidham Mithi Rohar 38.11 24.87 13.24 61.89 5 - 7 km Anjar Sanghad 42.25 25.61 16.64 57.75 5 - 7 km Anjar Anjar (M) 69.67 38.86 30.81 30.33 5 - 7 km Anjar Satapar 56.02 34.63 21.39 43.98 5 - 7 km Anjar Ajapar 46.15 27.98 18.17 53.85 5 - 7 km Anjar Pashwadi Mitha 53.50 32.79 20.72 46.50 Sub-total 64.25 36.42 27.83 35.75 Grand total 68.08 39.25 28.83 31.92 Sub-total Source: Primary Census Abstract 2011 According to the Census 2011, it is calculated that average literacy rate in the study area is 68.08 percent of which male literacy rate is 39.25 percent and female literacy rate is 28.83 percent of total population. Approx 31.92% Population is illiterate in the study area. The villagers go to the nearby bigger Town or city like Anjar and Gandhidham for higher education. The average education attainment of most of the village dwellers is up to class 10th to 12th minimum. Figure 3-6: Literacy Rate 0 % of Illiterate 31.92 68.08 39.25 % of Literate 28.83 % of Male Literate % of Female Illiterate 3.24.4 Women’s Participation in Decision Making Activities The decision-making activity of women in the project affected area is evident from the socio-economic data. The women’s participation in various decision-making activities in day-to-day life is only confined to routine household chores, health care of children, financial matters, and social functions and marriages. It may be observed families covered under survey have woman participation in household chores. 3.25 Basic Infrastructure Facility 3.25.1 Education Facility The statistics regarding the Education facilities in the study area are given in Table: 3-38 (Photograph 3-6). KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | APRIL 2015 139 WELSPUN INDIA LTD., KUTCH EIA, EMP, RA & DMP FOR ONSHORE TREATED WASTE WATER DISPOSAL PIPELINE FOR 25 MLD CAPACITY DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT Photographs 3-6: Education Facilities in nearby Villages of Project Area Anganwadi (Varshawadi) High School (Varshawadi) Educational Condition Primary School (Mitha Paswadi) Girls School (Varshawadi) Primary School (Ajapar) Table 3-38: Education Facilities (Availability Yes- √, No- X) No. of Habitation having Education Distance Sub district Facilities Name of Village / Town A PS MS HS SSS C ALC O 0 - 3 km Gandhidham Gandhidham (M) √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ 0 - 3 km Gandhidham Galpadar (CT) √ √ √ X √ X X X 0 - 3 km Gandhidham Kidana √ √ √ √ X X X X 0 - 3 km Gandhidham Bharapar √ √ √ X X X X X 0 - 3 km Anjar Tuna √ √ √ √ X X X X 0 - 3 km Anjar Meghpar (Borichi) √ √ √ √ X X X X 3 - 5 km Gandhidham Antarjal (CT) √ √ √ √ √ X X X 3 - 5 km Anjar Meghpar (Kumbhardi) √ √ √ √ X X X X KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | APRIL 2015 140 WELSPUN INDIA LTD., KUTCH EIA, EMP, RA & DMP FOR ONSHORE TREATED WASTE WATER DISPOSAL PIPELINE FOR 25 MLD CAPACITY DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT No. of Habitation having Education Distance Sub district Facilities Name of Village / Town A PS MS HS SSS C ALC O Rampar √ √ √ X X X X X 3 - 5 km Anjar 3 - 5 km Anjar Varsamedi √ √ √ √ X X X X 3 - 5 km Anjar Pashwadi Khara √ √ √ X X X X X 5 - 7 km Gandhidham Shinay √ √ √ √ X X X X 5 - 7 km Gandhidham Mithi Rohar √ √ √ X X X X X 5 - 7 km Anjar Sanghad √ √ √ X X X X X 5 - 7 km Anjar Anjar (M) √ √ √ √ √ √ X X 5 - 7 km Anjar Satapar √ √ √ X X X X X 5 - 7 km Anjar Ajapar √ √ √ X X X X X 5 - 7 km Anjar Pashwadi Mitha √ √ √ X X X X X Source: Primary Survey and Visual Perception 2015 (A= Anganwadi, PS= Primary School, MS= Middle School, HS= High School, SSS= Senior Secondary School, C= Collage, ALC= Adult Literacy Class, O= Other) 3.25.2 Medical and Health Facility The statistics regarding the Medical Facilities in the study area are given in Table: 3-39 (Photograph 3-7). Photographs 3-7: Medical Facilities in nearby Villages PHSSl (Varshawadi) PHSS (Rampar) RMP (Sanghad) KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | APRIL 2015 141 WELSPUN INDIA LTD., KUTCH EIA, EMP, RA & DMP FOR ONSHORE TREATED WASTE WATER DISPOSAL PIPELINE FOR 25 MLD CAPACITY DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT Table 3-39: Health and Medical Facility (Availability Yes- √, No- X) No. of Habitation having Medical Distance Sub district Facilities Name of Village / Town PHC PHSC RMP H FCW O 0 - 3 km Gandhidham Gandhidham (M) √ √ √ √ √ √ 0 - 3 km Gandhidham Galpadar (CT) X √ X X X X 0 - 3 km Gandhidham Kidana X √ X X X X 0 - 3 km Gandhidham Bharapar X X X X X X 0 - 3 km Anjar Tuna X √ X X X X 0 - 3 km Anjar Meghpar (Borichi) X √ X X X X 3 - 5 km Gandhidham Antarjal (CT) X √ X X X X 3 - 5 km Anjar Meghpar (Kumbhardi) X √ X X X X 3 - 5 km Anjar Rampar X X X X X X 3 - 5 km Anjar Varsamedi X √ X X X X 3 - 5 km Anjar Pashwadi Khara X X X X X X 5 - 7 km Gandhidham Shinay X √ X X X X 5 - 7 km Gandhidham Mithi Rohar X X X X X X 5 - 7 km Anjar Sanghad X X X X X X 5 - 7 km Anjar Anjar (M) √ √ √ √ √ √ 5 - 7 km Anjar Satapar X X X X X X 5 - 7 km Anjar Ajapar X X √ X X X 5 - 7 km Anjar Pashwadi Mitha X X X X X X Source: Primary Survey and Visual Perception 2015 (PHC= Primary Health Center, PHSC= Primary Health Sub Center, RMP= Registered Medical, H= Hospital, FCW= Female Child Welfare, O=Other) As per Primary Survey and Visual Perception 2015, it was even found that the medical facilities in the villages are very poor. Minimum or just the Primary facility is available. There is just Dispensary or Primary Health Sub Centre available, due to which if people have problem in the near future for the medical needs they have to go to the nearest city like Anjar or Gandhidham for proper medical needs. 3.25.3 Source of Drinking Water The statistics regarding the Medical Facilities in the study area are given in Table: 3-40 (Photograph 3-8). Photographs 3-8: Source of Drinking Water in nearby Villages Water Tank (Aajapar) KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | APRIL 2015 Public Stand Post (Varshawadi)) 142 WELSPUN INDIA LTD., KUTCH EIA, EMP, RA & DMP FOR ONSHORE TREATED WASTE WATER DISPOSAL PIPELINE FOR 25 MLD CAPACITY DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT Pond (Sanghad) Table 3-40: Source of Drinking Water (Availability Yes- √, No- X) T WT P BW W HP O Gandhidham (M) √ √ X √ X X X 0 - 3 km Galpadar (CT) √ √ √ √ √ X X 0 - 3 km Kidana √ √ √ √ √ X X 0 - 3 km Bharapar √ √ X √ √ X X 0 - 3 km Tuna √ √ √ √ √ X X 0 - 3 km Meghpar (Borichi) √ √ X √ X X X 3 - 5 km Antarjal (CT) √ √ √ √ √ X X 3 - 5 km Meghpar (Kumbhardi) √ √ X √ X X X 3 - 5 km Rampar √ √ √ √ √ X X 3 - 5 km Varsamedi √ √ √ √ √ X X 3 - 5 km Pashwadi Khara √ √ √ √ X X X 5 - 7 km Shinay √ √ √ √ X X X 5 - 7 km Mithi Rohar √ √ √ √ √ X X 5 - 7 km Sanghad √ √ √ √ X X X 5 - 7 km Anjar (M) √ √ X √ √ X X 5 - 7 km Satapar √ √ √ √ √ X X 5 - 7 km Ajapar √ √ √ √ √ X X 5 - 7 km Pashwadi Mitha √ √ √ √ X X X Distance Name of Village / Town 0 - 3 km Source: Primary Survey and Visual Perception 2015 (T= Tap, WT= Water Tank, P= Pond, BW= Bore well, W= Well, HP= Hand Pump, O= Other) There are sufficient drinking water facilities available in the study area. As per visual perception 2015, in many villages the tap water supplies are available. Most of the villages are having wells, Tank and Bore wells. 3.25.4 Means of Communication The changing trends in technology have massively affected the people in the study area. The most important means of communication is mobile phones which are possessed by most of the individuals in the locality. It has become an obsession among the youth and a necessity for the working class. All other means of communication seem to have become extinct after the advent of mobile technology. KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | APRIL 2015 143 WELSPUN INDIA LTD., KUTCH EIA, EMP, RA & DMP FOR ONSHORE TREATED WASTE WATER DISPOSAL PIPELINE FOR 25 MLD CAPACITY DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT 3.25.5 Transportation Facility The study area is well connected with road. Transport or transportation is the movement of people, animals and goods from one location to another. Modes of transport include air, rail, road, and water. The field can be divided into infrastructure, vehicles and operations. Transport is important because it enables trade between people, which is essential for the development of civilizations. 3.25.6 Power Supply The Government of Gujarat supplies power to all the households in the study area. There is no scarcity of power in the area. 3.26 Economic Profile 3.26.1 Occupational Pattern The statistics regarding the Occupational Pattern in the study area are given in Table: 3-41 (Photograph 3-7). Table 3-41: Occupational Pattern %age of Working Population Name of Village / % age of Non- Main Marginal working worker worker Population 33.62 2.52 63.86 37.72 35.91 1.81 62.28 Kidana 33.07 31.40 1.67 66.93 Gandhidham Bharapar 50.34 49.32 1.03 49.66 Anjar Tuna 30.39 26.07 4.32 69.61 Anjar Meghpar (Borichi) 34.00 32.10 1.89 66.00 35.93 33.49 2.44 64.07 Distance Sub district 0 - 3 km Gandhidham Gandhidham (M) 36.14 0 - 3 km Gandhidham Galpadar (CT) 0 - 3 km Gandhidham 0 - 3 km 0 - 3 km 0 - 3 km Town Sub-total Total 3 - 5 km Gandhidham Antarjal (CT) 32.26 30.60 1.66 67.74 3 - 5 km Anjar Meghpar (Kumbhardi) 33.54 31.95 1.58 66.46 3 - 5 km Anjar Rampar 29.00 24.41 4.60 71.00 3 - 5 km Anjar Varsamedi 45.10 42.01 3.09 54.90 3 - 5 km Anjar Pashwadi Khara Sub-total 31.58 29.15 2.43 68.42 36.99 34.67 2.32 63.01 5 - 7 km Gandhidham Shinay 36.89 32.54 4.35 63.11 5 - 7 km Gandhidham Mithi Rohar 29.85 28.44 1.41 70.15 5 - 7 km Anjar Sanghad 36.99 33.65 3.34 63.01 5 - 7 km Anjar Anjar (M) 32.97 31.50 1.47 67.03 5 - 7 km Anjar Satapar 34.63 33.71 0.92 65.37 5 - 7 km Anjar Ajapar 29.13 28.75 0.38 70.87 5 - 7 km Anjar Pashwadi Mitha 29.96 25.34 4.62 70.04 Sub-total 32.87 31.23 1.64 67.13 Grand total 35.21 32.98 2.23 64.79 Source: Primary Census Abstract 2011 According to Census Data 2011, there are total 35.21% working population available. Out of total working population, there are 32.98% main and only 2.23% marginal workers in the study area. Approx 64.79% of the population falls in non-working population category. KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | APRIL 2015 144 WELSPUN INDIA LTD., KUTCH EIA, EMP, RA & DMP FOR ONSHORE TREATED WASTE WATER DISPOSAL PIPELINE FOR 25 MLD CAPACITY DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT Figure 3-7: Working Population Non-Working Population Working Population Main Worker Marginal Worker 32.98 64.79 35.21 2.23 3.26.2 Agriculture Condition in Study Area The major crop grown in the study area is survival in nature. The major horticulture crops being produced in the study area are Jwaar, Bajra, Erenda, Kapaas, Mung and Jeera etc. Agriculture is mostly carried out by the water from rainwater. 3.26.3 Animal Husbandry Livestock rearing is common among the people of this region. Most of the animals reared by them are cows, buffaloes, Sheep’s and goats, donkey and Ox etc. People even produce milk, for their occupation consists of animal husbandry too. Private veterinary doctor visits on the basis of the requirement of the local people. Medical check-up of animals is carried out by the private doctors only. 3.27 Cultural Profile Temples of Anjar4: Hinduism is the dominant religion in Anjar since ancient times, and hence there are lots of temples of Hindu gods all over the city. You could easily find a small or big temple in any neighborhood of the city. Hindu temples of local-historic importance are scattered in and outside the old fortress, however, the fortress itself has now disappeared completely due to demolition, earthquakes, and wear and tear of the time. On the outskirts of the town is the ancient Hindu temple of Lord Shiva, namely Bhadeshwar Mahadev Temple. This temple is believed to be the oldest temple in the town. Some people claim it to be more than 1000 years old. However, the architecture of the temple, the material used in construction (primarily sand stone), and especially the carvings and sculptures on the outer walls of the main temple resemble a lot to that of world-famous Khajuraho temples of Central India. On the western side of the town is the temple of the revered warrior ruler Ajay Pal who is believed to be the founder of the town. Close to the temple of Ajay Pal is another historic temple of Saint Jesal and Saint Toral, which is built around the tombs of the two saints. The temple is locally known as 'Jesal Toral ni Samadhi', which literally means 'the tomb of Jesal and Toral'. Story goes that nearly 500 years ago (around 1500 CE), there was a fierce robber named Jesal, who was attracted by a lady Saint Toral due to her astonishing beauty. However, the lady saint converted the robber to a religious person who later on got acknowledged as Saint Jesal. The two saints chose the 'samadhi' ritual, which means they willingly chose to get buried alive while meditating - a highly common practice among Hindu saints in ancient India, which is believed to grant nirvana. The temple of Saint Jesal and Saint Toral became an identity of the town since then. 1 4 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anjar,_India KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | APRIL 2015 145 WELSPUN INDIA LTD., KUTCH EIA, EMP, RA & DMP FOR ONSHORE TREATED WASTE WATER DISPOSAL PIPELINE FOR 25 MLD CAPACITY DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT Yet another historic temple located on the outskirts of the old fortress is Lord Swami Narayan's Temple on the Eastern side of the town. Swaminarayan Sect is a relatively modern sect in Hinduism established by Lord Swaminarayan in the 19th century. It is believed that Lord Swaminarayan visited Anjar during his lifetime, and a temple was constructed at the place where he stayed. Whereas all of the temples listed above are of historic importance locally, they are not so popular or important outside Kutch or Gujarat. KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | APRIL 2015 146 WELSPUN INDIA LTD., KUTCH EIA, EMP, RA & DMP FOR ONSHORE TREATED WASTE WATER DISPOSAL PIPELINE FOR 25 MLD CAPACITY 4 ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL MITIGATION MEASURES 4.1 Introduction ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS & MITIGATION MEASURES IMPACTS AND Objective of this chapter is to: Identify project activities that could beneficially or adversely impact the environment Predict and assess the environmental impacts of the such activities Examine each environmental aspect-impact relationship in detail and identify its degree of significance Identify possible mitigation measures for these project activities and select the most appropriate mitigation measure, based on the reduction in significance achieved and practicality in implementation. 4.2 Details of Investigated Environmental Impacts 4.2.1 Methodology of Impact Assessment Key Definitions Environmental Aspects These are elements of an organization’s activities or products or services that can interact with the environment. Environmental aspects could include activities that occur during normal, abnormal and emergency operations. Environmental aspects selected for further study should be large enough for meaningful examination and small enough to be easily understood. Environmental Impacts Environmental impacts are defined as any change to the environment, whether adverse or beneficial, wholly or partially resulting from an organization’s environmental aspects. Environmental Indices The environment includes surroundings in which an organization operates such as air, water, land, natural resources, flora, fauna, humans and their interrelation. The environmental indices (or parts of the receiving environment on which impacts are being assessed) include: Land use/land cover, air quality, noise quality, surface water environment, ground water environment, soil, ecology and bio diversity, socio economics, occupational health, community health and safety After the identification of impacting activities, impacts require to be assessed based on subjective / objective criteria to assess the impacting activities. This is done in the following steps. Identification of Impacts This entails employing a simple checklist method requiring: 1. Listing of environmental aspects (i.e. activities or parts thereof that can cause environmental impacts) KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | APRIL 2015 147 WELSPUN INDIA LTD., KUTCH 2. 3. 4. EIA, EMP, RA & DMP FOR ONSHORE TREATED WASTE WATER DISPOSAL PIPELINE FOR 25 MLD CAPACITY ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS & MITIGATION MEASURES Identifying applicable components of the environment on which the environmental aspects can cause an environmental impact Making notes of the reason / possible inter-relationships that lead to environmental impact creation Listing the environmental components likely to receive impacts, along with the key impacting activities on each component. Component Wise Environment Risk Assessment and Mitigation A component wise approach to environmental risk assessment and mitigation is now applied. For each environmental component this is carried through a series of steps as follows. Step 1: Review and Assessment of the Specific Aspects Generating Environmental Risk Several scientific techniques and methodologies are also used to predict impacts on the environment. Mathematical models are useful tools (where applicable) to quantitatively describe the cause and effect relationships between sources of pollution and different components of environment. In cases where it is not possible to identify and validate a model for a particular situation, predictions have been arrived based on logical reasoning / consultation / extrapolation or overlay methods. In any case, for each component of the environment, the methods used to arrive at the likely impacts require to be described. Step 2: Quantifying the Environmental Risk, Identifying Aspects Causing Unacceptable Levels of Risk and Prioritizing Aspects Requiring Mitigation Measures Once a general understanding of the impacts has been studied and understood, efforts are made to compare different impacts so as to prioritize mitigation measures, focusing on those impacting activities (i.e. aspects) that require urgent mitigation. For ease of comparison across different activities, a summary environmental risk score is calculated. Two key elements are taken into consideration based on standard environmental risk assessment methodologies: Severity / consequence: The resultant effect of an activity and its interaction with the physical, biological and/or socio-economic environments Probability: The likelihood that an impact may occur due to the project activity/aspect A combination of severity / consequence with probability gives a reasonable measure of environmental risk, which aids in decision making. It must always be kept in mind that any scoring methodology howsoever well-defined is subjective and different persons can arrive at different impact risk scores based on their understanding / opinion. Therefore end results should be evaluated against past experience, professional judgment as well as project and activity specific conditions to ensure adequacy and equity. Kadam has made an effort to ensure that the scoring does not change significantly assuming that different evaluators are equally well informed on the project as well as knowledgeable on the concerned issues. The steps in identifying environmental risk are as follows. 5. Scoring the Overall Impact Severity / Consequence The consequences on various environmental receptors have been ranked into 5 levels ranging from insignificant to catastrophic consequence and are given in Table 4-1. KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | APRIL 2015 148 EIA, EMP, RA & DMP FOR ONSHORE TREATED WASTE WATER DISPOSAL PIPELINE FOR 25 MLD CAPACITY WELSPUN INDIA LTD.,KUTCH ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS & MITIGATION MEASURES Table 4-1: Overall Impact Scoring System due to the Proposed Project – Consequence Assessment Impact and Score5 S. No. Environmental Component Impacted Insignificant Consequence (+/-) 1 point Minor Consequence (+/-) 2 points Moderate Consequence (+/-) 3 points Major Consequence (+/-) 4 points Catastrophic Consequence (+/-) 5 points C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6 C7 Landuse / Landcover Very short term (< 3 months) and reversible change in landuse and / or landcover Short term (3 months – 1 year) and reversible change in landuse and / or landcover Medium term (1 - 3 years) and reversible change in landuse and / or landcover Long term (>3 years) irreversible change in landuse and / or landcover Permanent and irreversible adverse change in landuse and / or landcover Minor environmental impact due to controlled/uncontrolled release of air emissions, odor / dust or greenhouse gases with no lasting detrimental effects Moderate environmental impact due to controlled/uncontrolled release of air emissions, odor / dust or greenhouse gases leading to visual impacts, at significant nuisance levels Significant environmental impact due to release of air emissions, odor / dust or greenhouse gases leading to exceedance of limits specified in EP Rules’ Unacceptable environmental impact due to release of air emissions, odor / dust leading to possibility of chronic / acute health issues, injuries or fatalities 1 2 3 4 Air Quality Ambient Noise give the mean score from the three categories, rounded to the nearest decimal Surface and ground Water - Temporary nuisance due to controlled/uncontrolled release of air emissions, odor / dust or greenhouse gases Background Noise Levels, with respect to Applicable Limit6 as per The Noise Pollution (Regulation and Control) Rules, 2000, as Measured at Boundary of Relevant Noise Generating Unit <10% or more Between <10 to <5% Between <5% or the limit Upto 5% above the limit >5% above the limit Incremental Noise Levels, as Predicted at Boundary of Relevant Noise Generating Unit 1 dB(A) or less 1 dB(A) – 2 dB(A) 2 dB(A) – 3 dB(A) 3 dB(A) – 4 dB(A) 4 dB(A) or more Incremental Noise Levels, as Predicted at Boundary of Nearest Human Settlement / Sensitive Receptor from Boundary of Relevant Noise Generating Unit 0.5 dB(A) or less 0.5 dB(A) – 1 dB(A) < 50 51 – 100 1 dB(A) – 1.5 dB(A) 1.5 dB(A) – 2 dB(A) 2 dB(A) or more 250 – 500 501 and more Water Consumption (KL/D) 101 - 250 1 5 6 In case none of the impacts are applicable, then Not Applicable (NA) is written in the appropriate cell For leq (day) or leq (night), whichever is higher KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | APRIL 2015 149 EIA, EMP, RA & DMP FOR ONSHORE TREATED WASTE WATER DISPOSAL PIPELINE FOR 25 MLD CAPACITY WELSPUN INDIA LTD.,KUTCH S. No. C1 Environmental Component Impacted C2 give the mean score from the three categories, rounded to the nearest decimal Impact and Score5 Insignificant Consequence (+/-) 1 point Minor Consequence (+/-) 2 points C3 C4 6.1 Soil Quality Ecology and Bio-diversity: Terrestrial Moderate Consequence (+/-) 3 points Major Consequence (+/-) 4 points Catastrophic Consequence (+/-) 5 points C5 C6 C7 5 – 10 years 10 years or more Other discharge within limits specified by the EP Rules Other discharge, outside limits specified by the EP Rules Loss upto 80% topsoil, or actual or possible contamination of soil volume >25 m3 and above Dutch Intervention Values, but not deemed to require urgent remediation Loss upto 100% topsoil, or actual or possible contamination of soil volume >25 m3 and above Dutch Intervention Values8, and deemed to require urgent remediation Continuous and serious damage by erosion or to flora or fauna. Major disruption to or frequent death of rare flora or fauna. Major destruction of ecosystem. Long term and significant change in population or habitat with negative impact on ecosystem function. Widespread destruction to a significant area of Water Consumption, Duration < 1 year 1 – 3 years 3 – 5 years Wastewater Discharge Quality No wastewater generation 5 ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS & MITIGATION MEASURES Zero Discharge7 Discharge into deep sea within limits specified by EP rules Loss of upto 20% topsoil, or minor contamination of soil that can be easily restored close to original condition for volume <10 m3 Loss of upto 40% topsoil, or actual or possible contamination of soil volume <25 m3 but below Dutch Intervention Values Loss of upto 60% topsoil, or actual or possible contamination of soil volume <25 m3 but above Dutch Intervention Values Insignificant Environmental Impact. Occasional damage of flora and fauna. Some disturbance to flora and fauna habitats. Minor impact on flora/fauna and habitats, but no negative impacts on ecosystem function. Temporary impact (< 1 month or site preparation phase) to floral habitats. Significant changes in floral and faunal diversity. Population and habitat Disruption to, or some impact on rare flora or fauna, but not resulting in eradication of rare species. Non persistent but possibly widespread damage to land. 1 7 8 Meaning that any wastewater generated is recycled and any non-recycled water is disposed without discharge, through an appropriate means such as thermal destruction Source: Ministry of Housing Spatial Planning and the Environment, Netherlands; Soil Remediation Circular 2009, Annex A. KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | APRIL 2015 150 EIA, EMP, RA & DMP FOR ONSHORE TREATED WASTE WATER DISPOSAL PIPELINE FOR 25 MLD CAPACITY WELSPUN INDIA LTD.,KUTCH Impact and Score5 S. No. Environmental Component Impacted Insignificant Consequence (+/-) 1 point Minor Consequence (+/-) 2 points Moderate Consequence (+/-) 3 points C1 C2 C3 C4 Destruction of local species density during clearance of site. C5 Disturbance to bird habitation, damage that can be remediated without long term loss. Localized persistent damage; or significant temporary damage to ecosystem. 6.2 Ecology and Bio-diversity: Aquatic ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS & MITIGATION MEASURES Occasional short term impact and / or disruption to aquatic flora and fauna. Impact on aquatic ecosystem, including flora, fauna and habitat but not destruction to species diversity or density. Presence of Fish< 5 species. Significant localized impacts but without long term impact on Phytoplankton, zooplankton habitat. Temporary impact on benthos ecosystem or fisheries ecosystem. Some loss of fisheries ecosystem. Presence of Fish 6 – 10 species. Major Consequence (+/-) 4 points Catastrophic Consequence (+/-) 5 points C6 C7 land, rare flora and fauna. Significant widespread impact on protected wildlife (corals/mangroves/turtles/ any marine mammals). Significant impact on mangroves habitat Presence of Fish > 10 species. Damage to an extensive portion of aquatic ecosystem resulting in severe impacts on aquatic population and habitats and or long term impact on aquatic habitat. Possible Temporary or Permanent Migration, Persons as a % of Population of Study Area 7.1 Socio-economic Environment: Social Aspects give the mean score from the categories, rounded to the nearest decimal <0.5% 7.2 <1.5% <2% 2.5% Possible Change in Ethnicity, vis-à-vis Major Existing Ethnicities Present in Study Area Not Likely Possible Limited Significant Severe Significant Severe Gender Imbalance, as a Proportion to Existing Sex-Ratio Not Likely Possible Limited Possibility of Return to Original Status in Terms of Any or All of the Above Changes <1 year Socio-economic Environment: Economic Aspects - give the mean score <1% <2 years <3 years <5 years Permanent Change Up to 250 Up to 500 or more 500 1000 or more No of Jobs Gained or Lost <50 Up to 75 Up to 100 Persons Having Loss or Gain in Income <50 KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | APRIL 2015 100 250 151 EIA, EMP, RA & DMP FOR ONSHORE TREATED WASTE WATER DISPOSAL PIPELINE FOR 25 MLD CAPACITY WELSPUN INDIA LTD.,KUTCH S. No. C1 Environmental Component Impacted C2 from the categories, rounded to the nearest decimal Impact and Score5 Insignificant Consequence (+/-) 1 point Minor Consequence (+/-) 2 points C3 C4 7.3 Moderate Consequence (+/-) 3 points Major Consequence (+/-) 4 points Catastrophic Consequence (+/-) 5 points C5 C6 C7 <100 >100 Land Losers <10 <20 <50 Losers of Homesteads <5 Socio-economic Aspects: Cultural ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS & MITIGATION MEASURES Minor repairable damage to commonplace structures <10 Minor repairable damage to structures/ items of cultural significance, or minor infringements of cultural values <25 Moderate damage to structures/ items of cultural significance, or significant, infringement of cultural values/ sacred location <50 >50 Major damage to structures/ items of cultural significance, or major infringement of cultural values/sacred locations Irreparable damage to highly valued structures/ items/ locations of cultural significance or sacred value Major ongoing long term health effects likely to surrounding communities and workers Extreme health risk- potential for death in community Major effect- Severe environmental damage. The company is required to take extensive measures to restore polluted or damaged environment to its original state. Extended exceeding of statutory or prescribed limits Massive effectPersistent severe environmental damage or severe nuisance extending over a large area. In terms of commercial or recreational use or nature conservation, a major economic loss for the company. Consequence Distance 8.1 8.2 Occupational / Community Health and Safety: Community Health and Safety Risk to Environment Insignificant impact on surrounding communities Slight Effect- Local Environment damage. Within the fence and within system. Negligible financial consequences KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | APRIL 2015 Minor complaints or exposure to community. Maximum occurrence limited to two times per year Minor effect- contamination. Damage sufficiently large to attack the environment. Single exceeding of statutory or prescribed criterion. Single complaint. No permanent effect on the environment Ongoing complaints from community. Significant emission or discharge that impacts on surrounding population Localized effect- Limited loss of discharges of known toxicity. Repeated exceeding of statutory or prescribed limit. Affecting neighborhood. Spontaneous recovery of limited damage within one year 152 EIA, EMP, RA & DMP FOR ONSHORE TREATED WASTE WATER DISPOSAL PIPELINE FOR 25 MLD CAPACITY WELSPUN INDIA LTD.,KUTCH ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS & MITIGATION MEASURES Impact and Score5 S. No. Environmental Component Impacted Insignificant Consequence (+/-) 1 point Minor Consequence (+/-) 2 points Moderate Consequence (+/-) 3 points Major Consequence (+/-) 4 points Catastrophic Consequence (+/-) 5 points C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6 C7 Constant, high exceeding of statutory or prescribed limits KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | APRIL 2015 153 WELSPUN INDIA LTD., KUTCH EIA, EMP, RA & DMP FOR ONSHORE TREATED WASTE WATER DISPOSAL PIPELINE FOR 25 MLD CAPACITY ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS & MITIGATION MEASURES 6. Quantifying the Probability of Occurrence of the Impact After identifying the consequence severity as shown in Table 4-2 the probability of occurrence also needs to be estimated to arrive at a complete picture of environmental impact risk. Table 4-2 provides probability / likelihood ratings on a scale of 1-5. These ratings are used for estimating the likelihood of each occurrence. Table 4-2: Probability of Occurrence Description Environment Likelihood of Containment Failure, Health and Safety Probability Event / Year9 C1 C2 C3.1 OR C3.2 C4 Continues or will happen every time Has happened more than once per year at the location (in case of expansion projects) or less than once per year in the organization / similar installations 1 x 10-3 5 Often Occur several times Has happened at the location (in case of expansion projects) or more than once per year in organization / similar installations 1 x 10-4 4 Likely Might occur at least once Has happened once in organization or more than once per year in Industry 1 x 10-5 3 Possible Might occur Heard of in the Industry 1 x 10-6 2 Rare Very rarely encountered Never heard of in the Industry 1 x 10-7 or lower 1 Frequent 7. Quantifying Environmental Impact Risk The level of environmental impact risk is calculated by multiplying the consequence score and the probability of occurrence together. Thus Significance of Impact = Consequence Score × Probability of Occurrence The final score is in relative point score, rather than actual impact. Table 4-3 below assigns significance criteria, based on the scale of 1-25, used for prioritizing mitigation measures for reducing the environmental impact risks and thereafter, formulating and implementing Environmental Management Plans (EMPs). To do this, environmental impact risk levels are first scored and identified as mentioned earlier and then evaluated on the evaluation scale that follows Table 4-3. 1 9 Based on published failure data, per recognized failure unit (such as km-years, unit of operation or others). KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | APRIL 2015 154 WELSPUN INDIA LTD., KUTCH EIA, EMP, RA & DMP FOR ONSHORE TREATED WASTE WATER DISPOSAL PIPELINE FOR 25 MLD CAPACITY ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS & MITIGATION MEASURES Table 4-3: Environmental Impact Significance Criteria Probability Consequence Rare (1) Possible (2) Likely (3) Often (4) Certain (5) Insignificant (1) Minor Moderate Major Extensive (2) (3) (4) (5) 1 2 3 4 5 2 4 6 8 10 3 6 9 12 15 4 8 12 16 20 5 10 15 20 25 8. Identifying Activities Causing Unacceptable Levels of Environmental Risk Environmental risks are now clubbed into four levels from extreme risk to low risk activities. Extreme risk activities are unacceptable and therefore need to be either stopped or modified such that they are brought to a lower level of environmental risk. High and moderate risk activities, although acceptable, require being evaluated and mitigated in a manner that their consequences / probabilities are lowered, with more focus on high risk activities vis-à-vis moderate risk activities. Low risk activities do not require further mitigation. This is summarized in Table 4-4. Table 4-4: Environmental Risk Categorization Scoring Negative Impacts (-) Scoring Positive Impacts (+) Colour Code and Score Range Type of Risk Inference Colour Code and Score Range Inference 25 Extremely Severe Activity should not proceed in current form 25 Activity has Extensive Positive Benefits Very Severe Activity should be modified to include remedial planning and actions and be subject to detailed ecological assessment 15-20 Activity has Major Benefits 8-12 Moderately Severe Activity can operate subject to management and / or modification 8-12 Activity has Moderate Benefits 4-6 Less Severe No action required unless escalation of risk is possible 4-6 Activity has Minor Benefits 1-3 Minor / Negligible Negligible Risk of activity 1-3 Activity has mildly positive impacts 15-20 9. Mitigation Measures Mitigation measures require being formulated and implemented for all high risk and moderate risk activities. A programme to implement all mitigation measures is then prepared and presented as an Environmental Management Programme. 4.2.2 Identification of Impacting Activities for the Proposed Project As discussed earlier, environmental impacts have been identified based on an assessment of environmental aspects associated with the project. The symbol ‘●’ indicates a negative impact and KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | APRIL 2015 155 WELSPUN INDIA LTD., KUTCH EIA, EMP, RA & DMP FOR ONSHORE TREATED WASTE WATER DISPOSAL PIPELINE FOR 25 MLD CAPACITY ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS & MITIGATION MEASURES ‘o’ indicates a beneficial (positive) impact. Identified environmental impacts have been listed in Table 4-5. KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | APRIL 2015 156 EIA, EMP, RA & DMP FOR ONSHORE TREATED WASTE WATER DISPOSAL PIPELINE FOR 25 MLD WELSPUN INDIA LTD., KUTCH ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS & MITIGATION MEASURES CAPACITY Table 4-5: Environmental Impacts Ground Water (GW) Soil (S) Ecology & Biodiversity (EB) Socio-Economic (SE) Risk & Hazard (RH) Solid & Hazardous waste generation (SHW) Occupational Health, Community Health & Safety (OH / CH&S) C3 Surface Water (SW) C2 Noise and Vibration (NV) C1 Air Quality (AQ) Project Activity Potential Environmental Impacts on Environment Landuse/ Landcover (LU/LC) S.No. Impact (Type One Time: O, Normal: N, Abnormal: A, Emergency: E, Duration Temporary: T, Long-term / Permanent: P) (Type, Duration) C4 C5 C6 C7 C8 C9 C10 C11 C12 C13 C14 1 Remarks C15 Construction Phase 1.1 Acquiring Right of way (O&N,T) 1.2 Base camp construction and operation (O&N,T) 1.3 Excavation, Digging of trenches and laying of pipes (O&N,T) 1.4 Filling of foundation 1.5 ● ● ● ● (O&N,T) ● ● Preparation of access roads (O&N,T) ● ● 1.6 Transportation of equipment and workforce to site (N,T) ● ● 1.7 Transport, handling, stringing operations of pipe line (N,T) ● ● 1.8 Structural work/ Mechanical work (RCC, welding, cutting, bending of pipeline etc.) (O&N,T) ● ● 1.9 Construction Materials Management (N,T) Use of water for construction activities (N,T) 1.10 Domestic Waste generation and disposal (N,T) 1.11 Crossing of pipeline over road or water bodies (N,T) 1.12 Testing and commissioning activities (N,T) ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● SE: Negative Impact on Socio-economic condition, Pipeline may pass through private land / agricultural land o AP: Generation of dust; NV: Noise due to vehicular movement; GW: water consumption: S: Spillage of concrete mixture and construction materials; SE: hiring of vehicles and transport equipment / potential damage to roads; o LC: Change in land cover due to excavation; AQ: Dust Generation; NV: Noise and vibration due excavation operations; S: removal of topsoil; EB: removal of Flora & Fauna/Mangroves: SE: Temporary job creation for excavation; OH: Occupational risk due to excavation work o AP: Dust Generation; NV: Noise and vibration due filing of foundation; SE: Temporary job creation; o AP: Generation of dust; NV: Noise due to vehicular movement; SE: Temporary job creation; EB: Cutting of tree or clearing of vegetation if required: SE: Temporary job creation; ● AP: Generation of dust & air emissions due to vehicular movement; NV: Noise due to vehicular movement; OH&S: Impact on health AP: Air Emission due to vehicular movement; NV: Noise due to vehicular movement; AP: Air Emission due to construction work and vehicular movement; NV: Noise due to Machineries and vehicular movement; EB: impact on flora and fauna due to noise generation ● ● ● ● ● S:Soil contamination due to spillage and leakage of chemicals/fuels; OH & S; health risk due spillage of chemicals ● GW: Resource depletion due to water consumption. Water consumption will be minimized by effective water management ● GW & SW: Domestic sewage will be disposed-off in Soak pit and Septic tank. ● ● ● N: noise generation during lying of pipeline; SW: Crossing of any surface water body; EB: Cutting of flora fauna or tress ● ● N: noise generated due to operation of pumps; GW: water consumption and wastewater generation. Proper handling and disposal of wastewater to avoid soil and ground water contamination; S: soil contamination due to wastewater and solid waste disposal. ● 2 Operational Phase 2.1 Collection of Sewage and Treatment in STP o o o o The collection network of pipeline and sewage collection has a positive impact on the project as the untreated sewage water is presently flowing to Nakti creek which will be stopped. Overall impact will be positive. 2.2 Treatment of Waste Waters in Common ETP and then discharge o o o o The treated waste water after matching the sea discharge norms will be disposed off into creek which will have a positive impact on surrounding environment KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | APRIL 2015 157 EIA, EMP, RA & DMP FOR ONSHORE TREATED WASTE WATER DISPOSAL PIPELINE FOR 25 MLD WELSPUN INDIA LTD., KUTCH ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS & MITIGATION MEASURES CAPACITY C5 C6 C7 C8 2.3 Operation and maintenance of pipeline (N,P) ● ● 2.4 Air emissions from Pumping Station stations (N,P) 2.5 Usage of Water (N,P) 2.6 Operation of DG Set (N,P) 2.7 Pipeline damage or Burst of pipeline/Leakage in Pipeline (A,T) KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | APRIL 2015 ● Occupational Health, Community Health & Safety (OH / CH&S) Ground Water (GW) C4 Solid & Hazardous waste generation (SHW) Surface Water (SW) C3 Risk & Hazard (RH) Noise and Vibration (NV) C2 Socio-Economic (SE) Air Quality (AQ) C1 Ecology & Biodiversity (EB) Project Activity Soil (S) S.No. Landuse/ Landcover (LU/LC) Potential Environmental Impacts on Environment Impact (Type One Time: O, Normal: N, Abnormal: A, Emergency: E, Duration Temporary: T, Long-term / Permanent: P) (Type, Duration) C9 C10 C11 C12 C13 C14 ● o C15 LU & EB: crop as well as flora and fauna damage due to leakage of pipeline; SE: Job creation; AP: Air emission due to DG set operation. Adequate stack height will be provided to control air pollution. N: Noise pollution due to DG set operation. Sufficient green belt would be developed around the pumping station location. ● ● ● Remarks GW: Adequate measures to be taken to reduce water consumption AQ: Air emission from flue gas stacks, NV: Noise from operation of Compressor and DG Set; ● ● ● ● ● SW: Impact on Surface water due to leakage; GW: Impact due to Percolation; Soil: Impact due to Leakage; EB: Impacts due to damage to crop/Farming lands 158 WELSPUN INDIA LTD., KUTCH EIA, EMP, RA & DMP FOR ONSHORE TREATED WASTE WATER DISPOSAL PIPELINE FOR 25 MLD CAPACITY ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS & MITIGATION MEASURES Based on this above identification of impacts, environmental indices that are likely to be impacted due to the project are: Landuse/Landcover: No significant impact on land use and land cover as the pipeline is laid underground and ROW is in a strip width of 5m all along the alignment route; which will only be disturbed during the excavation and laying works etc. Air quality: Negligible adverse impact on air quality is due to vehicle movements during excavation, construction & Operation of pumping station, operation of DG Sets will lead to air emissions but on very occasional basis. Noise: Negligible impact on noise quality is due to vehicle movements during site preparation, construction facility, DG sets are provided with acoustic enclosures and hence no noise pollution will be created. Surface Water: No impact on surface water as no withdrawal of surface water. The project has a positive impact on surface water; as the untreated sewage water, which is presently flowing to Nakti creek which will be stopped and disposal of treated waste water matching the sea discharge norms will be disposed off into deep sea via a closed conduit pipeline. Conservation of surface water sources, due to recycling of treated sewage waters, is also a positive impact created due to the project. Ground water: No impact on ground water is no withdrawal of anticipated. Negligable impact on ground water in case of accidental leakages of pipeline, as ground water is not utilized for any purposes. Overall impact on the ground water sources will also be positive as untreated sewage waters are being disposed off at present into surface drainages. Soil: Negligable impact on soil quality due to leakage of waste waters, oil and spillages of hazardous waste. Overall impact will be positive as untreated sewage waters will be arrested which is presently being disposed off into drains impacting soil quality. Ecology and Biodiversity: Negligible impact due to leakage of pipeline. Socio – Economic: Benefits due to disposal of treated wastewater in deep sea, which will reduce the pollution in estuary portion of Nakti Creek. Farmers will get good quality of water in Nakti Creek for farming thereby increasing their production of farming crops. Occupational health, Community Health and Safety: Occupational risk during various activity associated with construction of works, risk due to leakage of pipeline. These are discussed in following sections of this chapter. 4.3 Landuse 4.3.1 Direct Impacts on Land Use due to the Project during construction phase Onshore laying of pipeline starting from sump in project premises and then along the road till landfall point. This will lead to Short term temporary change in land use from land without scrub (LWS) to built up land (pipeline will be laid). Once the pipeline is laid the land will be reversed to its original condition. Construction of suspended bridge for laying pipeline across river Suspended bridge will be constructed across the river leaving the river untouched. Supports for suspended bridge will be constructed which will change the land use of small portion of land from LWS to built up land. KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | APRIL 2015 159 WELSPUN INDIA LTD., KUTCH EIA, EMP, RA & DMP FOR ONSHORE TREATED WASTE WATER DISPOSAL PIPELINE FOR 25 MLD CAPACITY ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS & MITIGATION MEASURES Onshore laying of pipeline passing through road and rail This activity involves road cutting, very short term change and will be reversed immediately after construction of that portion is over by clearing all solid waste and bringing back the land to its original condition. Construction of Pumping Station This will change the land use from vegetation cover to built up land. Construction of Chamber at landfall point Change in land use from Mud Flat to built up land. This change will be within 2 x 2 mts which covers 4 sq.mts of the area. Offshore laying of pipeline across sparse mangroves and mudflat Temporary change in land use from vegetation cover (mangroves) to built up land (pipeline will be laid underground). This will be a temporary change as mangroves will regenerate. Temporary change in land use from mud flat to built up land. As the pipeline will be underground the land will come back to its original condition. 4.3.2 Operation Phase The land will be restored back to near original conditions after completion of construction as in the entire process the pipeline will be buried underground. No impact on land environment is envisaged during the operation phase. Table 4-6: Impact Scoring Land Impact Scoring Final Code Impacting Activity Consequence, C Probability, P C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6 1 Onshore laying of pipeline starting from sump in project premises and then along the road till landfall point. -1 3 -3 Involves temporary change of LWS (waste land) to used land 2 Construction of suspended bridge for laying of pipeline across river -3.33 3 -10 3 Onshore laying of pipeline passing through road(road digging) and rail -1 3 -3 Very short term and reversible(within days) change 4 Construction of Pumping Station Involves Removal of vegetation so compensatory plantation will be carried out 5 6 Construction of Chamber at landfall point Offshore laying of pipeling passing Score CxP -3.33 3 -10 -3.33 3 -10 -1.6 3 -4.8 KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | APRIL 2015 Remarks Involves vertical supports for suspended bridge hence change in land use from scrub land to built up land Involves Removal of mangroves but after 160 WELSPUN INDIA LTD., KUTCH EIA, EMP, RA & DMP FOR ONSHORE TREATED WASTE WATER DISPOSAL PIPELINE FOR 25 MLD CAPACITY ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS & MITIGATION MEASURES Impact Scoring Final Code Impacting Activity Consequence, C Probability, P C1 C2 C3 C4 Remarks CxP through sparse mangroves and Mud flat 4.3.3 Score C5 C6 construction activity mangroves will regenerate Mitigation Measures The following mitigation measures are suggested to manage the anticipated environmental impacts: Pipeline work will be limited to the demarcated area. Once the Onshore pipeline is laid the land will be cleared of all waste and restored to its original condition. Once the Offshore pipeline is laid across Mudflat, the site will be cleared of all waste and the land will comeback to its original condition. Once the Offshore pipeline is laid across mangroves, the site will be cleared of all waste and mangroves will regenerate. 4.4 Air Environment Environmental impacts during construction phase, will be mainly due to civil works such as trenching, sand filling, pipe laying, backfilling, concreting etc.; material and machinery transportation, fabrication and erection etc. The construction phase impacts are temporary However, they require due consideration with importance during project execution and also wherever applicable detailed protocol/procedures shall be implemented to prevent/mitigate adverse impacts and occupational hazards 4.4.1 Construction Phase The construction phase involves site preparation and pipeline laying. During construction phase proper preventive measures should be carried out for pollution control. At the time of excavation works for proposed pipeline laying, it is necessary to control SPM levels through dust suppression methods. Preparation of site will involve excavation work. Substantial quantities of earthen material generation from excavation will be used to construct temporary approach road for further operation. The first phase of pipeline construction usually involves the removal of top soil from the line. Soil generated will be stored at proper place to avoid run-off in the River. During dry weather conditions, it is necessary to control the dust emissions arising out of the Transporation of machinery, material and equipment by proper water sprinkling The top soil will be conserved and placed on pipeline route so landscape will not be altered. Remaining soil will be used for development of land-scapes and horticulture if required. Diesel powered construction machinery, vehicles etc. put in to operation at project site shall be properly maintained to minimize exhaust emissions as well as noise generation KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | APRIL 2015 161 WELSPUN INDIA LTD., KUTCH EIA, EMP, RA & DMP FOR ONSHORE TREATED WASTE WATER DISPOSAL PIPELINE FOR 25 MLD CAPACITY ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS & MITIGATION MEASURES Pipeline laying Transportation of pipes, ancillary materials, machineries will be transported. Vehicle movement will be minimized to the extent possible. 4.4.2 Operation Phase There will be no air emissions during the operation phase except DG sets at Pumping stations. DG sets will be used during power failure only. Adequate stack height will be provided to DG sets. Equipment/machinery at the Pumping Stations will be selected with State-of-the-art technology to ensure minimal gasous emissions. Thus, the impact on air environment during the operation phase will be minimal. Development of greenbelt will further reduce the noise and air pollution up to some extent. Flue Gas Stacks There will be only one stack attached to the DG set. The details of flue gas stack is provided in Table 4-7. Table 4-7: Flue Gas Stack Details Sr. No. Stack Attached to Capacity No. of Stack Stack Height in meter Type of Fuel used Fuel consumption 1 *DG Set 750 KVA 1 10 LDO 200 lit/hr *Note: DG Sets will be used only during Power failure. For the purpose of air quality modeling some additional details like stack diameter, exit gas velocity and temperature etc. and emission rates of particular pollutant are required. These additional details are provided in Table 4-8 along with the emission rates which are provided in Table 4-9. Table 4-8: Stack Details Stack Attached to Stack Height (m) Stack Inner Dia. (m) Temp. of the gas emission (K) Exit Velocity (m/s) DG Set – 750 KVA 10 0.25 403 10 Table 4-9: Details of Gas Emission Stack Attached to Fuel Type Oxides of Sulphur (gm/ sec.) DG set – 750 KVA LDO 0.23 4.4.3 Oxides of Nitrogen (gm/ sec.) 0.05 Particulate Matter (gm/ sec.) 0.0046 About the Software The American Meteorological Society/Environmental Protection Agency Regulatory Model Improvement Committee (AERMIC) was formed to introduce state-of-the-art modeling concepts into the EPA's air quality models. Through AERMIC, a modeling system, AERMOD, was introduced that incorporated air dispersion based on planetary boundary layer turbulence structure and scaling concepts, including treatment of both surface and elevated sources, and both simple and complex terrain. AMS/EPA Regulatory Model (AERMOD) is a steady-state plume model. It is designed to apply to source releases and meteorological conditions that can be assumed to be steady over individual modeling periods (typically one hour or less). AERMOD has been designed to handle the computation of pollutant impacts in both flat and complex terrain within the same modeling KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | APRIL 2015 162 WELSPUN INDIA LTD., KUTCH EIA, EMP, RA & DMP FOR ONSHORE TREATED WASTE WATER DISPOSAL PIPELINE FOR 25 MLD CAPACITY ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS & MITIGATION MEASURES framework. In fact, with the AERMOD structure, there is no need for the specification of terrain type (flat, simple, or complex) relative to stack height since receptors at all elevations are handled with the same general methodology. To define the form of the AERMOD concentration equations, it is necessary to simultaneously discuss the handling of terrain. AERMET is an input data processor that is one of the regulatory components of the AERMOD modeling system. It incorporates air dispersion based on planetary boundary layer turbulence structure and scaling concepts. Meteorological Parameters Surface meteorological data at project site was collected for one season (October-December, 2014). The hourly meteorological data considered during this period were: Wind speed and Direction; Ambient atmospheric temperature; Cloud cover; Solar insolation; Humidity. Following parameters were considered for dispersion modeling – Point source: Quantity of fuel; Emission rate of pollutants Stack: Internal diameter at top of stack; Height of stack; Exit gas velocity; Exit gas temperature; Assumptions The dispersion modeling assumptions considered are as follows: The emission rate for SO2 was calculated based on Sulphur content in the fuel and emission rate of NOx was calculated based on statutory limit for all stacks. The impacts of the pollutants were identified up to 7 km. The terrain of the study area was considered as FLAT. The polar grid at interval of 10 degrees has been considered at intervals of 50,100,200,300,400,500,600,700,900,1000,1500,2000,……6000,6500,7000 m from the source Stability class was evaluated based on solar insulation and cloud cover. The mathematical equations used for the dispersion modeling assumes that the earth surface acts as a perfect reflector of plume and physico-chemical processes such as dry and wet deposition and chemical transformation of pollutants are negligible. Study has been conducted for post-monsoon season (October-December) of year 2014. The stack emission concentrations used for dispersion modeling were taken as per CPCB guidelines issued for conducting air quality modeling. Emissions were analyzed for their impacts on the GLC for various distances using the dispersion modeling guidelines given by the Central Pollution Control Board, New Delhi and the dispersion modeling software AREMOD of the United States Environment Protection Agency (USEPA). KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | APRIL 2015 163 WELSPUN INDIA LTD., KUTCH 4.4.4 EIA, EMP, RA & DMP FOR ONSHORE TREATED WASTE WATER DISPOSAL PIPELINE FOR 25 MLD CAPACITY ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS & MITIGATION MEASURES Air Quality Modeling Particulate Matter (PM10) The results of incremental GLC for particulate matter (PM10) due to the flue gases emission from DG set are presented in the following Table 4-10. KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | APRIL 2015 164 WELSPUN INDIA LTD., KUTCH EIA, EMP, RA & DMP FOR ONSHORE TREATED WASTE WATER DISPOSAL PIPELINE FOR 25 MLD ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS & MITIGATION MEASURES CAPACITY Table 4-10: Incremental GLC of PM10 Pollutant (in μg/m3) DISTANCE (METERS) DIRECTION (DEGREES) 50 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 900 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000 5500 6000 6500 7000 10 0.09 0.07 0.05 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 20 0.09 0.04 0.03 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 30 0.09 0.05 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 40 0.09 0.06 0.03 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 50 0.09 0.10 0.07 0.05 0.04 0.04 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 60 0.09 0.09 0.05 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 70 0.09 0.13 0.14 0.15 0.13 0.11 0.09 0.07 0.06 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.02 80 0.09 0.24 0.15 0.11 0.08 0.06 0.05 0.04 0.03 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 90 0.09 0.38 0.24 0.16 0.12 0.10 0.09 0.08 0.06 0.06 0.04 0.03 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 100 0.09 0.41 0.23 0.13 0.09 0.06 0.04 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 110 0.10 0.40 0.22 0.13 0.09 0.07 0.06 0.05 0.04 0.04 0.03 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 120 0.10 0.27 0.18 0.11 0.07 0.05 0.04 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 130 0.11 0.30 0.21 0.13 0.09 0.06 0.05 0.03 0.03 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 140 0.12 0.42 0.31 0.20 0.14 0.11 0.08 0.07 0.06 0.06 0.05 0.04 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 150 0.11 0.46 0.24 0.16 0.11 0.08 0.06 0.05 0.04 0.03 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 160 0.13 0.60 0.29 0.16 0.11 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.09 0.09 0.07 0.06 0.05 0.04 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 170 0.09 0.45 0.22 0.12 0.07 0.05 0.05 0.04 0.03 0.03 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 180 0.09 0.18 0.09 0.04 0.03 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 190 0.09 0.21 0.21 0.14 0.10 0.09 0.07 0.06 0.05 0.04 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 200 0.10 0.40 0.37 0.25 0.20 0.18 0.15 0.13 0.10 0.10 0.12 0.11 0.09 0.08 0.07 0.06 0.05 0.04 0.04 0.03 0.03 0.03 210 0.14 0.29 0.23 0.14 0.10 0.08 0.06 0.05 0.04 0.03 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 220 0.23 0.19 0.17 0.11 0.11 0.09 0.08 0.07 0.05 0.04 0.03 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 230 0.32 0.30 0.27 0.24 0.24 0.22 0.19 0.17 0.14 0.12 0.09 0.07 0.05 0.04 0.03 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.01 240 0.40 0.22 0.18 0.12 0.10 0.08 0.06 0.05 0.04 0.03 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS |APRIL 2015 165 WELSPUN INDIA LTD., KUTCH EIA, EMP, RA & DMP FOR ONSHORE TREATED WASTE WATER DISPOSAL PIPELINE FOR 25 MLD ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS & MITIGATION MEASURES CAPACITY DISTANCE (METERS) DIRECTION (DEGREES) 50 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 900 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000 5500 6000 6500 7000 250 0.43 0.23 0.10 0.08 0.07 0.06 0.05 0.04 0.03 0.03 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 260 0.43 0.24 0.10 0.06 0.06 0.05 0.04 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 270 0.39 0.21 0.09 0.09 0.10 0.09 0.08 0.07 0.05 0.04 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 280 0.32 0.17 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.06 0.05 0.04 0.03 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 290 0.26 0.13 0.07 0.05 0.04 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 300 0.17 0.09 0.05 0.03 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 310 0.10 0.07 0.06 0.04 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 320 0.09 0.07 0.08 0.05 0.04 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 330 0.09 0.08 0.09 0.06 0.04 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 340 0.09 0.08 0.10 0.07 0.04 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 350 0.09 0.06 0.04 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 360 0.09 0.08 0.05 0.03 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 The Isopleth of PM10 pollutant is shown in Figure 4-1. KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS |APRIL 2015 166 WELSPUN INDIA LTD., KUTCH EIA, EMP, RA & DMP FOR ONSHORE TREATED WASTE WATER DISPOSAL PIPELINE FOR 25 MLD CAPACITY ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS & MITIGATION MEASURES Figure 4-1: Isopleth of PM10 Pollutant KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | APRIL 2015 167 EIA, EMP, RA & DMP FOR ONSHORE TREATED WASTE WATER DISPOSAL PIPELINE FOR 25 MLD WELSPUN INDIA LTD., KUTCH ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS & MITIGATION MEASURES CAPACITY Oxides of Sulphur (SO2) The results of incremental GLC for oxides of Sulphur (SO2) due to the flue gases emission from DG set are presented in the following Table 4-11. Table 4-11: Incremental GLC of SO2 Pollutant (in μg/m3) DISTANCE (METERS) DIRECTION (DEGREES) 50 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 900 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000 5500 6000 6500 7000 10 4.5 3.6 2.4 1.6 1.1 0.8 0.6 0.5 0.3 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 4.5 2.2 1.5 1.3 1.0 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.3 30 4.5 2.3 1.0 0.5 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 40 4.5 3.1 1.6 0.9 0.6 0.5 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 50 4.5 4.8 3.3 2.6 2.2 1.8 1.5 1.2 0.9 0.8 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 60 4.5 4.6 2.7 1.7 1.2 1.0 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 70 4.5 6.4 7.1 7.3 6.3 5.3 4.4 3.7 2.8 2.4 2.3 2.6 2.5 2.2 2.0 1.8 1.6 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.0 1.0 80 4.5 12.2 7.6 5.6 4.2 3.2 2.5 2.0 1.3 1.1 0.6 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 90 4.5 19.2 12.0 8.2 6.1 4.9 4.4 3.9 3.1 2.8 1.8 1.6 1.4 1.2 1.1 1.0 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.6 100 4.5 20.6 11.7 6.7 4.3 3.0 2.2 1.7 1.1 0.9 0.6 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 110 4.8 19.9 11.0 6.7 4.4 3.6 3.0 2.7 2.2 2.1 1.6 1.3 1.1 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.4 120 5.0 13.6 9.2 5.5 3.6 2.5 2.0 1.6 1.2 1.2 0.9 0.6 0.5 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 130 5.5 15.1 10.6 6.5 4.3 3.0 2.3 1.7 1.3 1.1 0.6 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 140 6.0 20.8 15.3 10.2 7.1 5.3 4.1 3.7 3.2 2.9 2.4 1.9 1.5 1.2 1.0 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.6 150 5.3 23.0 12.1 7.9 5.4 4.0 3.2 2.7 2.0 1.7 0.9 0.6 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 160 6.7 29.9 14.7 8.0 5.5 5.1 5.1 5.1 4.7 4.4 3.3 2.8 2.4 2.0 1.7 1.5 1.3 1.2 1.0 0.9 0.8 0.8 170 4.5 22.4 11.0 5.8 3.6 2.7 2.4 2.1 1.7 1.5 1.0 0.7 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 180 4.5 9.2 4.4 2.2 1.3 0.9 0.6 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 190 4.5 10.5 10.4 6.9 5.0 4.3 3.6 3.1 2.3 2.0 1.2 0.8 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 200 4.8 20.2 18.5 12.6 10.2 8.8 7.6 6.6 5.2 4.9 6.0 5.4 4.6 3.9 3.3 2.9 2.5 2.2 1.9 1.7 1.5 1.4 210 7.2 14.5 11.3 7.1 5.2 4.0 3.1 2.5 1.8 1.7 1.1 0.7 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | JANUARY 2014 168 EIA, EMP, RA & DMP FOR ONSHORE TREATED WASTE WATER DISPOSAL PIPELINE FOR 25 MLD WELSPUN INDIA LTD., KUTCH ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS & MITIGATION MEASURES CAPACITY DISTANCE (METERS) DIRECTION (DEGREES) 50 220 11.4 9.6 8.5 5.3 230 16.1 15.1 13.3 12.0 240 19.8 11.2 8.8 5.8 250 21.6 11.3 5.0 260 21.5 11.9 270 19.3 280 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 900 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000 5500 6000 6500 7000 5.3 4.6 3.9 3.3 2.4 2.1 1.3 0.8 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 12.1 10.9 9.6 8.5 6.8 6.2 4.4 3.3 2.5 2.0 1.7 1.4 1.2 1.0 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.6 4.9 3.9 3.2 2.7 1.9 1.6 0.9 0.5 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 3.9 3.6 3.0 2.5 2.1 1.6 1.4 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 5.1 2.8 2.8 2.3 1.9 1.6 1.2 1.0 0.6 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 10.7 4.4 4.7 5.0 4.4 3.8 3.3 2.5 2.2 1.5 1.1 0.9 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 15.9 8.6 3.3 3.5 3.6 2.9 2.4 2.0 1.4 1.2 0.6 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 290 12.8 6.5 3.5 2.6 2.1 1.5 1.2 0.9 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 300 8.7 4.4 2.5 1.5 0.9 0.6 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 310 5.2 3.4 2.8 1.8 1.2 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 320 4.7 3.6 3.8 2.6 1.8 1.2 0.9 0.7 0.4 0.4 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 330 4.5 4.0 4.4 2.8 1.8 1.2 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 340 4.5 3.9 4.8 3.3 2.2 1.6 1.2 0.9 0.6 0.5 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 350 4.5 2.8 2.0 1.2 0.8 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 360 4.5 4.2 2.5 1.4 0.9 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.4 The Isopleth of SO2 Pollutant is shown in Figure 4-2. KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | JANUARY 2014 169 WELSPUN INDIA LTD., KUTCH EIA, EMP, RA & DMP FOR ONSHORE TREATED WASTE WATER DISPOSAL PIPELINE FOR 25 MLD CAPACITY ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS & MITIGATION MEASURES Figure 4-2: Isopleth of SO2 Pollutant KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | JANUARY 2014 170 EIA, EMP, RA & DMP FOR ONSHORE TREATED WASTE WATER DISPOSAL PIPELINE FOR 25 MLD WELSPUN INDIA LTD., KUTCH ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS & MITIGATION MEASURES CAPACITY Oxides of Nitrogen (NOX) The results of incremental GLC for oxides of Nitrogen (NOX) due to the flue gases emission from DG set are presented in the following Table 4-12. Table 4-12: Incremental GLC of NOX Pollutant (in μg/m3) DISTANCE (METERS) DIRECTION (DEGREES) 50 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 900 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000 5500 6000 6500 7000 10 1.0 0.8 0.5 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 1.0 0.5 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 30 1.0 0.5 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 40 1.0 0.7 0.4 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 50 1.0 1.0 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 60 1.0 1.0 0.6 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 70 1.0 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.4 1.1 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 80 1.0 2.6 1.7 1.2 0.9 0.7 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 90 1.0 4.2 2.6 1.8 1.3 1.1 1.0 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 100 1.0 4.5 2.5 1.4 0.9 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 110 1.0 4.3 2.4 1.4 1.0 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 120 1.1 3.0 2.0 1.2 0.8 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 130 1.2 3.3 2.3 1.4 0.9 0.7 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 140 1.3 4.5 3.3 2.2 1.5 1.1 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 150 1.1 5.0 2.6 1.7 1.2 0.9 0.7 0.6 0.4 0.4 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 160 1.5 6.5 3.2 1.7 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.0 1.0 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 170 1.0 4.9 2.4 1.3 0.8 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 180 1.0 2.0 1.0 0.5 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 190 1.0 2.3 2.3 1.5 1.1 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 200 1.0 4.4 4.0 2.7 2.2 1.9 1.7 1.4 1.1 1.1 1.3 1.2 1.0 0.9 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.3 210 1.6 3.2 2.5 1.5 1.1 0.9 0.7 0.6 0.4 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 220 2.5 2.1 1.9 1.2 1.1 1.0 0.8 0.7 0.5 0.5 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 230 3.5 3.3 2.9 2.6 2.6 2.4 2.1 1.8 1.5 1.4 1.0 0.7 0.6 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 240 4.3 2.4 1.9 1.3 1.1 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.4 0.4 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | JANUARY 2014 171 EIA, EMP, RA & DMP FOR ONSHORE TREATED WASTE WATER DISPOSAL PIPELINE FOR 25 MLD WELSPUN INDIA LTD., KUTCH ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS & MITIGATION MEASURES CAPACITY DISTANCE (METERS) DIRECTION (DEGREES) 50 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 900 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000 5500 6000 6500 7000 250 4.7 2.4 1.1 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.5 0.5 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 260 4.7 2.6 1.1 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 270 4.2 2.3 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.0 0.8 0.7 0.5 0.5 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 280 3.5 1.9 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 290 2.8 1.4 0.8 0.6 0.5 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 300 1.9 1.0 0.6 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 310 1.1 0.7 0.6 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 320 1.0 0.8 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 330 1.0 0.9 1.0 0.6 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 340 1.0 0.9 1.0 0.7 0.5 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 350 1.0 0.6 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 360 1.0 0.9 0.5 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 The Isopleth of NOX Pollutant is shown in Figure 4-3. KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | JANUARY 2014 172 WELSPUN INDIA LTD., KUTCH EIA, EMP, RA & DMP FOR ONSHORE TREATED WASTE WATER DISPOSAL PIPELINE FOR 25 MLD CAPACITY ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS & MITIGATION MEASURES Figure 4-3: Isopleth of NOx Pollutant KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | JANUARY 2014 173 WELSPUN INDIA LTD., KUTCH EIA, EMP, RA & DMP FOR ONSHORE TREATED WASTE WATER DISPOSAL PIPELINE FOR 25 MLD CAPACITY ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS & MITIGATION MEASURES The DG set of 750 KVA will be also installed at proposed STP area. The emission rate of flue gases are shown Table 4-9 and dispersion modeling were done for three major pollutants. The results are shown in Table 4-13, Table 4-14 & Table 4-15. Isopleths are shown as Figure 4-4, Figure 4-5 & Figure 4-6. Table 4-13: Incremental of GLC of PM10 Pollutant (in μg/m3) – DG set for Proposed STP DISTANCE (METERS) DIRECTION (DEGREES) 50 100 200 300 500 600 700 900 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 5500 6000 6500 7000 7500 8000 8500 9000 9500 10000 10 0.09 0.07 0.05 0.03 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 20 0.09 0.04 0.03 0.03 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 30 0.09 0.05 0.02 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 40 0.09 0.06 0.03 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 50 0.09 0.10 0.07 0.05 0.04 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 60 0.09 0.09 0.05 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 70 0.09 0.13 0.14 0.15 0.11 0.09 0.07 0.06 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.03 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 80 0.09 0.24 0.15 0.11 0.06 0.05 0.04 0.03 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 90 0.09 0.38 0.24 0.16 0.10 0.09 0.08 0.06 0.06 0.04 0.03 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 100 0.09 0.41 0.23 0.13 0.06 0.04 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 110 0.10 0.40 0.22 0.13 0.07 0.06 0.05 0.04 0.04 0.03 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 120 0.10 0.27 0.18 0.11 0.05 0.04 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 130 0.11 0.30 0.21 0.13 0.06 0.05 0.03 0.03 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 140 0.12 0.42 0.31 0.20 0.11 0.08 0.07 0.06 0.06 0.05 0.04 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 150 0.11 0.46 0.24 0.16 0.08 0.06 0.05 0.04 0.03 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 160 0.13 0.60 0.29 0.16 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.09 0.09 0.07 0.06 0.05 0.04 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 170 0.09 0.45 0.22 0.12 0.05 0.05 0.04 0.03 0.03 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 180 0.09 0.18 0.09 0.04 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 190 0.09 0.21 0.21 0.14 0.09 0.07 0.06 0.05 0.04 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 200 0.10 0.40 0.37 0.25 0.18 0.15 0.13 0.10 0.10 0.12 0.11 0.09 0.08 0.07 0.06 0.05 0.04 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 210 0.14 0.29 0.23 0.14 0.08 0.06 0.05 0.04 0.03 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 220 0.23 0.19 0.17 0.11 0.09 0.08 0.07 0.05 0.04 0.03 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 230 0.32 0.30 0.27 0.24 0.22 0.19 0.17 0.14 0.12 0.09 0.07 0.05 0.04 0.03 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 240 0.40 0.22 0.18 0.12 0.08 0.06 0.05 0.04 0.03 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 250 0.43 0.23 0.10 0.08 0.06 0.05 0.04 0.03 0.03 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 260 0.43 0.24 0.10 0.06 0.05 0.04 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 270 0.39 0.21 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.08 0.07 0.05 0.04 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 280 0.32 0.17 0.07 0.07 0.06 0.05 0.04 0.03 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 290 0.26 0.13 0.07 0.05 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 300 0.17 0.09 0.05 0.03 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 310 0.10 0.07 0.06 0.04 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 320 0.09 0.07 0.08 0.05 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 330 0.09 0.08 0.09 0.06 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 340 0.09 0.08 0.10 0.07 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 350 0.09 0.06 0.04 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 360 0.09 0.08 0.05 0.03 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | JANUARY 2014 174 WELSPUN INDIA LTD., KUTCH EIA, EMP, RA & DMP FOR ONSHORE TREATED WASTE WATER DISPOSAL PIPELINE FOR 25 MLD CAPACITY ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS & MITIGATION MEASURES Figure 4-4: Isopleth of PM10 pollutant - DG set for Proposed STP KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | JANUARY 2014 175 WELSPUN INDIA LTD., KUTCH EIA, EMP, RA & DMP FOR ONSHORE TREATED WASTE WATER DISPOSAL PIPELINE FOR 25 MLD CAPACITY ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS & MITIGATION MEASURES Table 4-14: Incremental GLC of SO2 Pollutant (in μg/m3) – DG set for Proposed STP DISTANCE (METERS) DIRECTION (DEGREES) 50 100 200 300 500 600 700 900 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000 5500 6000 6500 7000 7500 8000 8500 9000 9500 10000 10 4.45 3.56 2.37 1.56 0.79 0.60 0.47 0.31 0.26 0.14 0.09 0.06 0.04 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 20 4.45 2.18 1.51 1.31 0.84 0.69 0.59 0.50 0.50 0.56 0.55 0.48 0.42 0.36 0.32 0.33 0.34 0.35 0.36 0.35 0.34 0.33 0.32 0.30 0.29 0.28 0.27 30 4.45 2.26 0.98 0.46 0.18 0.13 0.10 0.06 0.04 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 40 4.45 3.05 1.62 0.94 0.46 0.34 0.26 0.16 0.13 0.06 0.04 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 50 4.45 4.78 3.32 2.62 1.77 1.46 1.23 0.92 0.80 0.47 0.49 0.47 0.43 0.39 0.35 0.32 0.29 0.30 0.32 0.31 0.30 0.29 0.28 0.27 0.26 0.25 0.24 60 4.45 4.63 2.68 1.75 0.97 0.85 0.75 0.57 0.50 0.27 0.16 0.10 0.08 0.06 0.05 0.04 0.03 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 70 4.45 6.35 7.08 7.28 5.27 4.41 3.72 2.75 2.41 2.30 2.62 2.46 2.22 1.98 1.76 1.57 1.41 1.27 1.15 1.05 0.96 0.88 0.81 0.75 0.70 0.65 0.61 80 4.45 12.16 7.62 5.61 3.20 2.49 1.99 1.34 1.13 0.56 0.34 0.22 0.16 0.12 0.09 0.07 0.06 0.05 0.04 0.03 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.01 90 4.45 19.15 12.03 8.21 4.94 4.39 3.89 3.10 2.79 1.77 1.57 1.38 1.21 1.09 0.99 0.91 0.84 0.78 0.74 0.69 0.65 0.61 0.57 0.54 0.51 0.48 0.46 100 4.45 20.62 11.69 6.65 2.98 2.20 1.70 1.11 0.95 0.64 0.42 0.29 0.20 0.15 0.12 0.09 0.07 0.06 0.05 0.04 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 110 4.76 19.90 10.97 6.65 3.56 3.02 2.66 2.23 2.09 1.60 1.25 1.08 0.93 0.80 0.70 0.62 0.58 0.54 0.50 0.47 0.44 0.41 0.38 0.36 0.33 0.31 0.29 120 5.05 13.64 9.24 5.48 2.51 2.00 1.63 1.23 1.17 0.89 0.63 0.45 0.34 0.25 0.20 0.16 0.13 0.10 0.08 0.07 0.06 0.05 0.04 0.04 0.03 0.03 0.03 130 5.48 15.14 10.59 6.54 3.04 2.26 1.75 1.31 1.15 0.65 0.41 0.28 0.20 0.15 0.11 0.09 0.07 0.06 0.05 0.04 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 140 5.97 20.82 15.28 10.16 5.26 4.08 3.71 3.18 2.88 2.38 1.87 1.49 1.21 1.00 0.93 0.85 0.79 0.73 0.68 0.63 0.59 0.55 0.52 0.49 0.46 0.43 0.41 150 5.29 23.02 12.12 7.88 4.00 3.22 2.70 1.97 1.70 0.94 0.61 0.44 0.34 0.27 0.22 0.18 0.15 0.13 0.11 0.10 0.08 0.07 0.06 0.06 0.05 0.04 0.04 160 6.69 29.90 14.71 7.97 5.13 5.08 5.08 4.68 4.38 3.27 2.81 2.37 2.01 1.72 1.49 1.30 1.15 1.03 0.92 0.84 0.76 0.70 0.64 0.60 0.56 0.52 0.49 170 4.45 22.45 10.98 5.84 2.73 2.35 2.07 1.68 1.53 1.04 0.72 0.53 0.41 0.33 0.26 0.21 0.17 0.14 0.12 0.10 0.09 0.08 0.07 0.06 0.05 0.05 0.04 180 4.45 9.17 4.40 2.23 0.85 0.59 0.44 0.26 0.21 0.09 0.05 0.03 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 190 4.46 10.48 10.44 6.86 4.26 3.60 3.05 2.27 1.99 1.20 0.77 0.52 0.37 0.27 0.21 0.16 0.13 0.10 0.08 0.07 0.06 0.05 0.04 0.04 0.03 0.03 0.02 200 4.80 20.21 18.47 12.57 8.83 7.59 6.60 5.22 4.87 5.96 5.37 4.60 3.92 3.35 2.88 2.51 2.20 1.94 1.73 1.55 1.39 1.26 1.15 1.05 0.96 0.88 0.82 210 7.25 14.54 11.33 7.11 3.99 3.15 2.54 1.84 1.69 1.11 0.73 0.50 0.36 0.27 0.20 0.16 0.13 0.10 0.08 0.07 0.06 0.05 0.04 0.04 0.03 0.03 0.03 220 11.41 9.64 8.52 5.34 4.57 3.87 3.29 2.44 2.14 1.27 0.80 0.54 0.38 0.27 0.21 0.16 0.12 0.10 0.08 0.07 0.06 0.05 0.04 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.02 230 16.14 15.14 13.27 11.99 10.91 9.60 8.47 6.81 6.22 4.43 3.28 2.53 2.02 1.65 1.38 1.17 1.01 0.88 0.77 0.68 0.61 0.55 0.50 0.45 0.41 0.38 0.35 240 19.78 11.19 8.77 5.83 3.87 3.19 2.65 1.89 1.62 0.85 0.52 0.35 0.25 0.18 0.14 0.11 0.09 0.08 0.07 0.07 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.05 0.05 0.04 0.04 250 21.62 11.26 5.02 3.90 3.01 2.52 2.14 1.61 1.42 0.85 0.58 0.43 0.33 0.27 0.22 0.19 0.16 0.14 0.13 0.11 0.10 0.09 0.08 0.08 0.07 0.07 0.06 260 21.48 11.89 5.15 2.80 2.28 1.88 1.56 1.16 1.03 0.60 0.38 0.26 0.18 0.13 0.10 0.08 0.06 0.05 0.04 0.03 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.01 270 19.33 10.65 4.42 4.66 4.39 3.79 3.28 2.52 2.24 1.50 1.11 0.86 0.69 0.57 0.48 0.42 0.36 0.32 0.28 0.25 0.23 0.21 0.19 0.18 0.16 0.15 0.14 280 15.92 8.63 3.35 3.51 2.92 2.39 1.98 1.41 1.21 0.65 0.40 0.27 0.20 0.15 0.12 0.09 0.08 0.06 0.05 0.05 0.04 0.04 0.03 0.03 0.02 0.03 0.03 290 12.84 6.54 3.54 2.65 1.53 1.15 0.89 0.58 0.56 0.50 0.42 0.35 0.29 0.25 0.22 0.19 0.17 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.14 0.14 0.14 0.13 0.13 0.12 0.12 300 8.75 4.41 2.53 1.53 0.61 0.42 0.30 0.17 0.14 0.06 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.04 310 5.23 3.37 2.80 1.79 0.79 0.56 0.41 0.25 0.20 0.09 0.05 0.04 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 320 4.73 3.60 3.84 2.62 1.23 0.89 0.67 0.42 0.35 0.19 0.15 0.15 0.18 0.21 0.25 0.27 0.28 0.28 0.27 0.26 0.26 0.25 0.24 0.23 0.22 0.21 0.20 330 4.50 4.02 4.39 2.80 1.19 0.83 0.62 0.37 0.30 0.14 0.09 0.06 0.05 0.04 0.04 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 340 4.45 3.93 4.82 3.29 1.58 1.18 0.92 0.62 0.54 0.32 0.26 0.26 0.29 0.34 0.38 0.41 0.43 0.43 0.43 0.42 0.41 0.40 0.39 0.37 0.36 0.35 0.33 350 4.45 2.76 1.99 1.16 0.60 0.46 0.36 0.23 0.19 0.11 0.09 0.08 0.07 0.07 0.06 0.05 0.04 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 360 4.45 4.22 2.51 1.38 0.66 0.59 0.58 0.60 0.58 0.49 0.57 0.65 0.66 0.63 0.59 0.56 0.52 0.49 0.46 0.43 0.41 0.39 0.37 0.35 0.33 0.32 0.30 KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | JANUARY 2014 176 WELSPUN INDIA LTD., KUTCH EIA, EMP, RA & DMP FOR ONSHORE TREATED WASTE WATER DISPOSAL PIPELINE FOR 25 MLD CAPACITY ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS & MITIGATION MEASURES Figure 4-5: Isopleth of SO2 Pollutant - DG set for Proposed STP KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | JANUARY 2014 177 WELSPUN INDIA LTD., KUTCH EIA, EMP, RA & DMP FOR ONSHORE TREATED WASTE WATER DISPOSAL PIPELINE FOR 25 MLD CAPACITY ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS & MITIGATION MEASURES Table 4-15: Incremental GLC of NOX Pollutant (in μg/m3) - DG set for Proposed STP DISTANCE (METERS) DIRECTION (DEGREES) 50 100 200 300 500 600 700 900 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 5500 6000 6500 7000 7500 8000 8500 9000 9500 10000 10 0.97 0.77 0.51 0.34 0.17 0.13 0.10 0.07 0.06 0.03 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 20 0.97 0.47 0.33 0.29 0.18 0.15 0.13 0.11 0.11 0.12 0.12 0.11 0.09 0.08 0.07 0.07 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.06 0.06 0.06 30 0.97 0.49 0.21 0.10 0.04 0.03 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 40 0.97 0.66 0.35 0.20 0.10 0.07 0.06 0.04 0.03 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 50 0.97 1.04 0.72 0.57 0.38 0.32 0.27 0.20 0.17 0.10 0.11 0.10 0.09 0.09 0.08 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.05 0.05 60 0.97 1.01 0.58 0.38 0.21 0.18 0.16 0.12 0.11 0.06 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 70 0.97 1.38 1.54 1.58 1.15 0.96 0.81 0.60 0.52 0.50 0.57 0.53 0.48 0.43 0.38 0.34 0.28 0.25 0.23 0.21 0.19 0.18 0.16 0.15 0.14 0.13 80 0.97 2.64 1.66 1.22 0.70 0.54 0.43 0.29 0.25 0.12 0.07 0.05 0.03 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 90 0.97 4.16 2.61 1.78 1.07 0.96 0.85 0.67 0.61 0.39 0.34 0.30 0.26 0.24 0.21 0.20 0.17 0.16 0.15 0.14 0.13 0.12 0.12 0.11 0.10 0.10 100 0.97 4.48 2.54 1.45 0.65 0.48 0.37 0.24 0.21 0.14 0.09 0.06 0.04 0.03 0.03 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 110 1.04 4.33 2.38 1.45 0.77 0.66 0.58 0.49 0.45 0.35 0.27 0.23 0.20 0.17 0.15 0.14 0.12 0.11 0.10 0.10 0.09 0.08 0.08 0.07 0.07 0.06 120 1.10 2.97 2.01 1.19 0.55 0.43 0.35 0.27 0.26 0.19 0.14 0.10 0.07 0.06 0.04 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 130 1.19 3.29 2.30 1.42 0.66 0.49 0.38 0.28 0.25 0.14 0.09 0.06 0.04 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 140 1.30 4.53 3.32 2.21 1.14 0.89 0.81 0.69 0.63 0.52 0.41 0.32 0.26 0.22 0.20 0.19 0.16 0.15 0.14 0.13 0.12 0.11 0.11 0.10 0.09 0.09 150 1.15 5.00 2.63 1.71 0.87 0.70 0.59 0.43 0.37 0.20 0.13 0.10 0.07 0.06 0.05 0.04 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 160 1.46 6.50 3.20 1.73 1.12 1.11 1.10 1.02 0.95 0.71 0.61 0.52 0.44 0.37 0.32 0.28 0.22 0.20 0.18 0.17 0.15 0.14 0.13 0.12 0.11 0.11 170 0.97 4.88 2.39 1.27 0.59 0.51 0.45 0.36 0.33 0.23 0.16 0.12 0.09 0.07 0.06 0.05 0.03 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 180 0.97 1.99 0.96 0.48 0.19 0.13 0.09 0.06 0.05 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 190 0.97 2.28 2.27 1.49 0.93 0.78 0.66 0.49 0.43 0.26 0.17 0.11 0.08 0.06 0.04 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 200 1.04 4.39 4.02 2.73 1.92 1.65 1.43 1.13 1.06 1.30 1.17 1.00 0.85 0.73 0.63 0.54 0.42 0.38 0.34 0.30 0.27 0.25 0.23 0.21 0.19 0.18 210 1.58 3.16 2.46 1.55 0.87 0.68 0.55 0.40 0.37 0.24 0.16 0.11 0.08 0.06 0.04 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 220 2.48 2.10 1.85 1.16 0.99 0.84 0.71 0.53 0.47 0.28 0.17 0.12 0.08 0.06 0.04 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 230 3.51 3.29 2.88 2.61 2.37 2.09 1.84 1.48 1.35 0.96 0.71 0.55 0.44 0.36 0.30 0.25 0.19 0.17 0.15 0.13 0.12 0.11 0.10 0.09 0.08 0.08 240 4.30 2.43 1.91 1.27 0.84 0.69 0.58 0.41 0.35 0.19 0.11 0.08 0.05 0.04 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 250 4.70 2.45 1.09 0.85 0.65 0.55 0.47 0.35 0.31 0.18 0.13 0.09 0.07 0.06 0.05 0.04 0.03 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.01 260 4.67 2.58 1.12 0.61 0.50 0.41 0.34 0.25 0.22 0.13 0.08 0.06 0.04 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 270 4.20 2.32 0.96 1.01 0.95 0.82 0.71 0.55 0.49 0.33 0.24 0.19 0.15 0.12 0.11 0.09 0.07 0.06 0.06 0.05 0.05 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.03 0.03 280 3.46 1.88 0.73 0.76 0.63 0.52 0.43 0.31 0.26 0.14 0.09 0.06 0.04 0.03 0.03 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 290 2.79 1.42 0.77 0.58 0.33 0.25 0.19 0.13 0.12 0.11 0.09 0.08 0.06 0.05 0.05 0.04 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 300 1.90 0.96 0.55 0.33 0.13 0.09 0.06 0.04 0.03 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 310 1.14 0.73 0.61 0.39 0.17 0.12 0.09 0.05 0.04 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 320 1.03 0.78 0.84 0.57 0.27 0.19 0.15 0.09 0.08 0.04 0.03 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.05 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.04 330 0.98 0.87 0.95 0.61 0.26 0.18 0.13 0.08 0.07 0.03 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 340 0.97 0.86 1.05 0.72 0.34 0.26 0.20 0.14 0.12 0.07 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.07 350 0.97 0.60 0.43 0.25 0.13 0.10 0.08 0.05 0.04 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 360 0.97 0.92 0.55 0.30 0.14 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.11 0.12 0.14 0.14 0.14 0.13 0.12 0.11 0.10 0.09 0.09 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.07 0.07 0.07 KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | JANUARY 2014 178 WELSPUN INDIA LTD., KUTCH EIA, EMP, RA & DMP FOR ONSHORE TREATED WASTE WATER DISPOSAL PIPELINE FOR 25 MLD CAPACITY ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS & MITIGATION MEASURES Figure 4-6: Isopleth of NOX pollutant - DG set for Proposed STP KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | JANUARY 2014 179 WELSPUN INDIA LTD., KUTCH 4.4.5 EIA, EMP, RA & DMP FOR ONSHORE TREATED WASTE WATER DISPOSAL PIPELINE FOR 25 MLD CAPACITY ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS & MITIGATION MEASURES Results The worst combined environmental situation is predicted as the sum of maximum monitored value of a parameter and the incremental GLC at the monitoring location. This is a conservative estimate and probability of such occurrence is unlikely. The predicted results are summarized below in following tables. Table 4-16. Shows the incremental increase in GLC due to the stack emission from DG set of 750 KVA capacity. Table 4-16: 24 hr Average Incremental Increase in GLC - DG set at Pumping station S. No. 1 2 3 4 5 Name of Village/ Industry (Distance from Pumping station in km/Direction) Gandhidham [5.2 Km, NNW] Adipur village [6.8 Km, NNW] Shinai Village [6.5 Km, WNW] Kidana Village [1.5 Km, NW] Bharapar Village [2.5 Km, SW] Pollutant Average Monitored Baseline Concentration (µg/m3) Incremental GLC (µg/m3) Total Predictive GLC due to proposed project (µg/m3) PM10 91 0.01 91.01 SO2 9.4 0.40 09.80 NOx 15.7 0.10 15.80 PM10 68 0.01 68.01 SO2 9.3 0.4 09.70 NOx 16.2 0.10 16.30 PM10 59 0.00 59.00 SO2 9.5 0.10 09.60 NOx 16.6 0.00 16.60 PM10 63 0.00 63.00 SO2 9.1 0.20 09.30 NOx 16.9 0.00 16.90 PM10 54 0.01 54.01 SO2 9.4 0.50 9.90 NOx 16.4 0.10 16.50 Table 4-17: 24 hr Average Incremental Increase in GLC – DG set at Proposed STP area S. No. 1 2 3 4 Name of Village/ Industry Average Monitored Baseline Concentration Incremental GLC Total Predictive GLC due to proposed project (Distance from porposed STP in km/Direction) Pollutant Township near to Welspun facility PM10 60 0.01 60.01 SO2 8.8 0.43 9.23 [3 Km, NE] NOx 16.4 0.09 16.49 PM10 91 0.01 91.01 SO2 9.4 0.63 10.03 NOx 15.7 0.14 15.84 PM10 68 0.01 68.01 SO2 9.3 0.73 10.03 NOx 16.2 0.16 16.36 PM10 59 0.00 59.00 SO2 9.5 0.01 9.51 NOx 16.6 0.00 16.6 Gandhidham [6.6 Km, SE] Adipur village [5.5 Km, SE] Shinai Village [8.5 Km, S] (µg/m3) KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | APRIL 2015 (µg/m3) (µg/m3) 180 WELSPUN INDIA LTD., KUTCH S. No. EIA, EMP, RA & DMP FOR ONSHORE TREATED WASTE WATER DISPOSAL PIPELINE FOR 25 MLD CAPACITY Name of Village/ Industry (Distance from porposed STP in km/Direction) Pollutant Kidana Village 5 [10 Km, SE] 4.4.6 Average Monitored Baseline Concentration (µg/m3) PM10 ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS & MITIGATION MEASURES Incremental GLC (µg/m3) Total Predictive GLC due to proposed project (µg/m3) 63 0.01 63.01 SO2 9.1 0.41 9.51 NOx 16.9 0.09 16.99 Mitigation Measures Mitigation measures for air quality impacts during construction phase: Periodic checks of construction machinery to ensure compliance of emission standards. Water sprinkling on unpaved roads. General Mitigation Measures for Air Quality Control during Operation Phase Greenbelt will be developed at the facility. Attenuation of pollution/protection of receptor through greenbelt/green cover. Regular monitoring of air polluting concentrations. All trucks/tankers shall be PUC Certified from time to time. DG Sets will be operated during power failure only. Considering the above mitigation measures as well as the operating and other conditions mentioned in the above sections, the impact scores on air environment is presented in Table 4-18 as below: Table 4-18: Impact Scoring of Air Environment Impact Scoring Code Impacting Activity Consequence, C Probability, P Final Score CxP Remarks C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6 1 Construction phase 1.1 Base camp construction and operation 3 2 6 Low Impact 1.2 Excavation, Digging of trenches and laying of pipes 3 2 6 Low Impact 1.3 Filling of foundation 2 3 6 Low Impact 1.4 Preparation of access roads 3 2 6 Low Impact 1.5 Transportation of equipment and workforce to site 4 3 12 Moderately Impact 1.6 Transport, handling, stringing operations of pipe line 3 3 9 Moderately Impact 1.7 Structural work/ Mechanical work (RCC, welding, cutting, bending of pipeline etc.) 2 3 6 Low Impact 2 Operational Phase 2.1 Operation and maintenance of pipeline 3 3 9 Moderately Impact 2.2 Air emissions from Pumping Station stations 1 1 1 Minor / Negligible KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | APRIL 2015 181 WELSPUN INDIA LTD., KUTCH EIA, EMP, RA & DMP FOR ONSHORE TREATED WASTE WATER DISPOSAL PIPELINE FOR 25 MLD CAPACITY ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS & MITIGATION MEASURES Impact Scoring Code Impacting Activity Consequence, C Probability, P Final Score CxP Remarks C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6 2.3 Operation of DG Set – At STP and Pumping Station 2 2 4 Low Impact 4.5 Noise Environment Construction Phase Activities related to construction of temporary base camp, construction of approach road transportation, site preparation operation of machinery, operation of DG sets etc. add noise to the ambient levels. The noise levels due to construction activities are estimated to be around 70-90 dB (A). Such limited time exposure is not expected to last for more than few months and shall not exceed the stipulated standards of CPCB. However, base camp will be established away from habitation area (as far as possible) to reduce the noise impact. Estimated peak noise levels (due to loudest equipment used) during different phases of pipeline construction are given in Table 4-19. Table 4-19: Estimated Peak Pipeline Construction Noise Emissions due to Equipment10 Construction Phase Activity Loudest Equipment Related to the Activity Clearing / Grubbing Noise Level (dBA, Leq) at Distance of 15 m 30 m 60 m Bulldozer 85 79 73 Trenching / Earthwork Bulldozer/backhoe 80 74 68 Positioning Pipe Cranes 85 79 73 Backfilling Bulldozer/backhoe 85 79 73 The Department of Energy, US, has estimated noise levels at pipeline construction sites. These noise levels are presented Table 4-20. Table 4-20: Estimated Noise Levels, 150 m from Site11 Activity Noise Level, Leq, 150 m from site Support facility construction 68 Access roadway construction 68 Drilling of shafts 67 Pipeline construction 69 Noise levels generated by commonly used construction equipment are given in Table 4-21. 1 Source: Federal Transit Administration 1995. These levels assumes a basic sound level drop-off rate of 6.0 dB 10 per doubling of distance. 11 Source: US Department of Energy, 1992. KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | APRIL 2015 182 WELSPUN INDIA LTD., KUTCH EIA, EMP, RA & DMP FOR ONSHORE TREATED WASTE WATER DISPOSAL PIPELINE FOR 25 MLD CAPACITY ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS & MITIGATION MEASURES Table 4-21: Typical Construction Equipment Noise Levels12 Noise Level at 15 m Equipment (dBA, Leq) Backhoes 80 Shovel 82 Dozers 85 Scrapers 89 Truck 88 Paver 89 Pumps 76 Generators 81 DG Sets 81 Jack Hammers 88 Pile drivers 101 Based on the above and the fact that most of the pipeline is passing through open area with sparse or negligible population within it is expected that the noise exposure to the workers will be at levels well below the stipulated norms. Impacts of noise on surrounding population due to construction activities are expected to be insignificant and will be only temporary. Mitigation Measures Though the effect of noise on the nearby inhabitants due to construction activity will be negligible, major noise prone activities should be restricted to only daytime. The construction machinery should be maintained in good condition to minimize the noise generation. Operation Phase Noise levels generated by various equipment at Pumping stations are given in Table 4-22. Table 4-22: Noise Levels at Typical Pumping Station Noise Generating areas Noise level at source (dBA) Pumps and Motor 85 DG sets 81 Table 4-23: Impact Scoring of Noise Impact Scoring Code C1 Impacting Activity Consequence, C Probability, P C3 C4 C2 Final Score Remarks CxP C5 C6 2 Low risk Preparation of Site & Construction 1.1 Preparation of site 1 2 1 12 Source: Transit Noise and Vibration Impact Assessment, Federal Transit Administration, April 1995 KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | APRIL 2015 183 WELSPUN INDIA LTD., KUTCH EIA, EMP, RA & DMP FOR ONSHORE TREATED WASTE WATER DISPOSAL PIPELINE FOR 25 MLD CAPACITY ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS & MITIGATION MEASURES Impact Scoring Code Impacting Activity Consequence, C Probability, P Final Score Remarks CxP C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6 1.2 Vehicle movement for transportation of materials and equipment 1 2 2 Low risk 1.3 Excavation work 1 2 2 Low risk 1.4 Filling of foundation 1 2 2 Low risk 1.5 Heavy fabrication work including metal cutting (Gas cutting, welding) 1 2 2 Low risk 1.6 Usage of Energy and Power 1 2 2 Low risk 5 Low risk as acoustical enclosure will be provided Operational Phase 2.4 Operation of DG Set 1 5 Mitigation Measures DG set shall be provided with acoustic enclosures. DG set will be operated only during power failure. Vibration pad shall be proposed to controlling vibration. Tree plantation will be proposed in boundary of the pumping station to control the noise pollution in nearby vicinity. Earplugs will be provided to workers during the operation of DG sets and Pumps. 4.6 Water Environment Construction Phase During the construction phase of the project, the major impacting activities include: Excavated earth will be stockpiled at safe site from where loosen soil will not run-off in to river course. Concreting Water contaminated with cement is highly alkaline and can cause severe pollution. The placing of concrete in, or close to, any watercourse must be controlled to minimize the risk of such water discharging to the watercourse. Effluent produced from the washing out of any concrete mixing plant or cleaning of ready mix concrete Lorries must not be allowed to flow into any drain or watercourse. The use of machinery in the riverbed during pipe laying can cause air and oil pollution and will damage the river bed and banks. Deployment of oil booms and straw bales downstream or temporary over pumping or diversion of flow Water required during hydrostatic testing of pipeline – There will be one time water requirement for hydrostatic testing. Efficient use of water will be made to reuse the test water in different test sections. Water will not be tapped from different sources along the pipeline route, without unduly disturbing its normal users. KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | APRIL 2015 184 WELSPUN INDIA LTD., KUTCH EIA, EMP, RA & DMP FOR ONSHORE TREATED WASTE WATER DISPOSAL PIPELINE FOR 25 MLD CAPACITY ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS & MITIGATION MEASURES After jointing works get over hydro testing for leakage testing will be done, used water will be disposed into the River after filtering. Drinking water required at the base camps during construction phase - The water will be made available from nearby villages through tankers. The domestic sewage from the construction camps will be disposed off into septic tank and soak pits. Wastewater generation during construction phase of the pipeline will be minimal and temporary in nature. Operation Phase The water requirement will be only at pumping Station for domestic purpose and effluent generated from the domestic use will be disposed into septic tank and soak pit. Treated Effluent Disposal pipeline in deep sea will improve the quality of surface water as presently the city sewer is directly discharged into waterbody/creak without any treatment which is a lifeline for many farmers and fishermen. Impact on Ground Water Resources & Water Quality Likely impact scores on ground water environment is presented in Table 4-24 as below: Table 4-24: Impact Scoring of Ground Water Impact Scoring S No Impacting Activity Consequence, C 1 1.1 Probability ,P Final Score, CxP Remarks 4 Low Impact 1 Negligible Impact as sewage will be disposed into septic tank and soak pit. 4 Low Impact as minimum water will be used for testing and commissioning activities Construction Phase Use of raw water 1.2 Disposal of Sewage 1.3 Testing and commissioning activities 2 1 2 2 2 1 2 Operation Phase 2.1 Reusing treated sewage waters in Welspun city 2 5 10 Beneficial impact as we are not discharging any untreated sewage waters in Nakti Creek 2.2 Use of raw water 2 2 4 Beneficial impact as we conserve waters 2.3 Disposal of Treated water into deep sea via pipeline 2 2 4 Beneficial impact as surface water quality will improve 2.4 Pipeline damage or burst of pipeline/leakage in pipeline 2 1 2 Negligible Impact KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | APRIL 2015 185 WELSPUN INDIA LTD., KUTCH EIA, EMP, RA & DMP FOR ONSHORE TREATED WASTE WATER DISPOSAL PIPELINE FOR 25 MLD CAPACITY ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS & MITIGATION MEASURES Mitigation Measures for Impacts on Water Resources Following mitigation measures will be implemented to reduce ground water related impacts: Sewage will be disposed into septic tank and soak pit. Regular cleaning will be carried out to avoid overflow the tank. Hazardous waste will be stored in HDPE drum to avoid leakage of oil. Treated water will be disposed into deep sea after proper treatment and as norm identified in EP rules. Impacts on Surface Water Quality Likely impact scores on surface water environment are presented in Table 4-25. Table 4-25: Impact Scoring of Surface Water Impact Scoring Code Impacting Activity Consequence, C Probability ,P Final Score, C x P Remarks C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6 4 Law Impact +10 Beneficial impact as we are not discharging any untreated sewage waters in Nakti Creek 1 1.1 Construction Phase Crossing of pipeline over road or water bodies 2 2 2.1 2 Operation Phase Reusing treated sewage waters in Welspun city 2 5 2.1 Disposal of Treated water into deep sea via pipeline 2 2 +4 Beneficial impact as surface water quality will improve due to treated water dispsoal 2.2 Pipeline damage or burst of pipeline/leakage in pipeline 2 1 2 Negligible Impact Elimination of pollution of estuary waters due to disposal of untreated sewage. Thus improving the environment at large in the estuary portion of Nakti creek. 4.7 Soil Environment The impacting activities and their impacts over the soil quality has been assessed in Table 4-26, from where it has been observed that the soil quality get impacted by activities like excavation work and storage of construction materials. On the basis of that, impact scoring with respect to soil quality was carried out and presented in Table 4-26. KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | APRIL 2015 186 WELSPUN INDIA LTD., KUTCH EIA, EMP, RA & DMP FOR ONSHORE TREATED WASTE WATER DISPOSAL PIPELINE FOR 25 MLD CAPACITY ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS & MITIGATION MEASURES Table 4-26: Impact Scoring – Soil Impact Scoring Code Impacting Activity C1 C2 Consequence, C Probability, P Final Score CxP C3 C4 C5 C6 6 less risk, Care shall be taken to avoid spillage of concrete materials on ground. It is recommended to cover ground with protecting sheets to avoid soil and ground water contamination. 4 less risk, Protect topsoil stockpile where possible at site. 1 Basis of scoring Construction Phase 1.1 Base camp Construction and Operation 1.2 Excavation, Digging of trenches and laying of pipes 2 2 3 2 1.3 Construction material management 2 2 4 less risk, as proper storage facility will be provided at site to avoid leakage and spillage 1.4 Testing and Commissioning activities 1 2 2 Negligible risk 4 Less risk, Care shall be taken to avoid leakage. 2 2.1 4.7.1 Operation Phase Pipeline damage or burst of pipeline/leakage in pipeline 2 2 Mitigation Measures The top soil generated during the excavation work will be used for low lying area for filling purpose. Efforts shall be made to prevent accidental spillage of any oil/grease from construction materials and during equipment maintenance. Solid waste generated during the construction activity will be disposed authorized vendors and as per GPCB rules. The greenbelt area shall be delineated before starting of earth work. Tree plantation (large size species) shall be done in this area so that they would grow to considerable size by the time of commissioning of the proposed project. The plantation shall be maintained without disturbance during construction period. KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | APRIL 2015 187 WELSPUN INDIA LTD., KUTCH 4.8 EIA, EMP, RA & DMP FOR ONSHORE TREATED WASTE WATER DISPOSAL PIPELINE FOR 25 MLD CAPACITY ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS & MITIGATION MEASURES Biological Environment Construction Phase Since laying of the pipeline will be carried out using environmentally suitable techniques depending on the sensitivity of local area, no interference with the aquatic environment is envisaged during construction phase. There may require some tree cutting to clear the path, for which compensated plantation will be carried out. Negligible impact on aquatic ecology is expected during construction phase of the proposed pipeline, but this will be for limited period. Operation Phase During the operation phase only pumping station will be run which will not have any impact on aquatic environment. The only possible impacting source will be leakage of pipeline, but this will be detected and immediate action will be taken against it Also there is no ecologically important area (e.g. National Park, Sanctuary) in the study area so impact on such areas is not expected. 4.8.1 Identification of Impacting Activities for the Proposed Project The environmental aspects and impacts related to the ecology and biodiversity of the study area have been identified based on an assessment of environmental aspects associated with the project. Potential impacts on ecology and biodiversity are given in Table 4-27. Whereas the scoring of the impacts are presented in Table 4-28. Table 4-27: Aspect – Impact Identification Sr. No. Project Activity Terrestrial flora Aspect 1 Terrestrial fauna Aquatic flora Aquatic fauna Construction Phase 1.1 Excavation, Digging of trenches and laying of pipes Removal of flora & Fauna Yes Yes - - 1.2 Preparation of access roads Cutting of trees and clearing of vegetation Yes Yes - - 1.3 Crossing of water bodies and intertidal belt Destruction of benthos and mangroves - - Yes Yes 1.4 Structural/mechanical work (RCC, Welding, Cutting Bending of pipeline etc.) Generation of Noise - Yes - - 1.5 Vehicular movements and labor movemnets Generation of Noise - Yes - - Yes Yes Yes 2 2.1 Operation Phase Operation and maintenance of pipeline/Burst of pipeline Flora & fauna damage due to leakage of pipeline KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | APRIL 2015 Yes 188 WELSPUN INDIA LTD., KUTCH EIA, EMP, RA & DMP FOR ONSHORE TREATED WASTE WATER DISPOSAL PIPELINE FOR 25 MLD CAPACITY ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS & MITIGATION MEASURES Table 4-28: Aspect – Impact Scoring Impact Scoring Code Aspect Consequence C Final Score CxP Significance 1.1 Removal of flora & Fauna 1 2 2 Negligible Impact 1.2 Cutting of trees and clearing of vegetatio 1 3 3 Negligible Impact 1.3 Destruction of benthos and mangroves 2 2 4 Low Impact 1.4 Generation of Noise 1 1 1 Negligible Impact 1.5 Vehicular movements and labor movements 1 2 2 Negligible Impact 4 Low Impact 1 Construction Phase 2 2.1 4.9 Probability P Operation Phase Flora & fauna damage due to leakage of pipeline 2 2 Socio-economic Environment Construction Phase The work force during construction phase would be significant. The construction work force may temporarily migrate to project site, some may be with families. Sites for construction and workers camp should be clearly demarcated within / outside the CRZ area. Contractors shall ensure provision for necessary basic needs and infrastructure facilities such as water supply, sanitary facilities, housing, domestic fuel etc. to the families of construction workforce. Welspum shall take due care to include necessary clauses in respective construction tender/work awards for maintaining strict compliance of occupational health standards for workers during duty period including provision and usage of personal protective equipment (PPE) such as noise protection, hand gloves etc. The following are the positive impacts predicted during the construction period: The proposed activities will generate indirect employment in the region due to the requirement of workers in site preparation activities, supply of raw material, auxiliary and ancillary works, which would marginally improve the economic status of the people. The activities would result in an increase in local skill levels through exposure to site activities and technology. Residential/built-up land will not be acquired for the proposed pipeline; hence rehabilitation and resettlement will not be associated with the project. There will not be major changes in the land use pattern. The proposed project activities do not involve loss or disturbance to sensitive areas and cultural heritage. Operation Phase Benefits due to disposal of wastewater in deep sea will reduce the pollution in river No adverse impact is expected on sanitation and community health. KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | APRIL 2015 189 WELSPUN INDIA LTD., KUTCH 4.10 EIA, EMP, RA & DMP FOR ONSHORE TREATED WASTE WATER DISPOSAL PIPELINE FOR 25 MLD CAPACITY ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS & MITIGATION MEASURES Occupational Health and Risk to Surrounding Communities This includes, 10. 11. 12. 13. Hazards Identification, Selection of Potential Loss Scenarios, Simulation of release source model, and Plotting of contour maps A detailed risk assessment and consequence analysis study is presented in chapter 7 i.e. Additional Studies of this report (please refer Chapter 7) 4.10.1 General Safety Measures Considering the various chemicals handled and stored at site; following safety measures will be provided at the site. Requisite personnel protective equipment shall be provided. Instruction/Notice to wear the same will be displayed. Further, it will be insisted to use the same while at work. Provision of safety shower with eye washer. MSDS of all hazardous chemicals will be available at office and with responsible persons. Antidotes for all chemicals being used as per MSDS will be available at the site. Regular training programme for safety awareness. Provisions of First Aid Box and trained person in first aid. Prohibition on eating, drinking or smoking at work-area. Any leakage/spillage of liquid chemical shall be immediately attended. Work area will be monitored to maintain work environment free from any dust/chemicalsfumes/vapours and to keep well within below permissible limit. Provision of adequate Fire Extinguishers at site and training will be imparted to the workers also. Maintaining the Fire-Protection System adequately. Availability of Self Breathing Apparatus at site. Provisions of immediate accident/incident reporting and investigation. Instructions on Emergency/Disaster will be displayed. Safety Posters and slogans will be exhibited at conspicuous places. Arrangement of Periodical Training to workers and supervisors. Work permit systems will be strictly followed Safety Committee will be constituted and safety, health and environmental matters/issues will be discussed in the meeting and enlighten the participants in these respect. 4.10.2 Mitigation Measures Medical checkup would be carried out, During site preparation proper care would be taken by Welspun, appropriate PPEs will be provided to site workers and staff members, Appropriate personnel protective clothing to be used to prevent skin contact. Safety Goggles will be used to prevent eye contact. Hand gloves of natural rubber, neoprene, and polyvinyl chloride will be used as and when required Acoustic enclosures will be provided to DG sets and other noise generating equipment Welspun will develop and implement a spill management plan to prevent risk of spill which may cause health problem. KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | APRIL 2015 190 WELSPUN INDIA LTD., KUTCH 5 EIA, EMP, RA & DMP FOR ONSHORE TREATED WASTE WATER DISPOSAL PIPELINE FOR 25 MLD CAPACITY ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES 5.1 Description of Study area The study area starts from the Welspun City in Varsamedi Village and ends at Landfall point in the Nakti Creek in alignment of the Outfall point as decided by NIO. A list of villages falling in the study area of the possible alignment routes are as under in Table 5.1. Table 5.1: List of Villages in the Study Area District Taluka No. of Village Name of Village/Town Kutch Anjar, Gandhidham 10 Varsamedi, Adipur, Gandhidham, Meghpar, Galpadar, Shinay, Kidana, KASEZ area, Bharapar, Tuna 5.2 Selection of Survey Route - Outcome of the Reconnaissance Survey Outcome of the reconnaissance survey resulted in three possible alignment alternatives having common features as under: - The Pipeline laying works will require various crossings namely: river, National & State Highway, Internal roads, Railway, along the creek and natural drainage. The alignment alternatives were selected having minimal crossings to be encountered. The alternatives were selected having minimal ROU / ROW in private lands. The alternatives selected will necessary require permissions principally from Gandhidham and Adipur Corporation, National Highway & State Highway authorities, Railway authorities, Irrigation Department, GMB and KASEZ Authorities, ROU and ROW of private lands. Pumping Station is proposed to be located around PS 4 location of Gandhidham Municipal Corporation in the KASEZ Land. A Land of around 5 acres need to be acquired at PS 4 location to setup a new pumping station and ancillary structures. - - 5.3 Alignment Alternatives Three possible Alignment Alternatives were found during the reconnaissance Survey as under: Onshore Segment – Gravity Pipeline: Alternative – I – Starting from Welspun Premises upto Prabhat Road Junction following the route of rising main of sewage pumping for recycling plant, further down along IFFFCO Udhyognagar road meeting SH-6 and further along SH – 6 and KASEZ road upto PS 4 location (Length ~ 17.2 Kms). Alternative – II – Starting from Welspun Premises upto Prabhat Road Junction following the route of rising main of sewage pumping for recycling plant, further passing through Government / Private land upto junction of KASEZ Road and further along KASEZ road upto PS 4 location (Length ~ 16.6 Kms). KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | APRIL 2015 191 WELSPUN INDIA LTD., KUTCH EIA, EMP, RA & DMP FOR ONSHORE TREATED WASTE WATER DISPOSAL PIPELINE FOR 25 MLD CAPACITY ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES Alternative – III – Starting from Welspun Premises upto Prabhat Road Junction following the route of rising main of sewage pumping for recycling plant, further via Kidana Road upto PS 4 location (Length ~ 15.3 Kms). Onshore + Offshore Segment – Pumping Main: Alternative – I – o Onshore – Along Sakar Drainage further parallel to Road along salt pans to Tuna upto LFP 1 location (Length ~ 3.75 Kms) o Offshore – From LFP 1 Via Nakti Creek upto DP 1 (Length ~ 11 Kms) Alternative – II – o Onshore – Along Sakar Drainage further parallel to Bharapar Road crossing the proposed Railway line to Tune Port upto LFP 2 location (Length ~ 6.3 Kms) o Offshore – From LFP 2 Via Nakti Creek upto DP 1 (Length ~ 7.5 Kms) Alternative – III – o Onshore – Along Sakar Drainage further parallel to Bharapar Road crossing the proposed Railway line to Tune Port upto LFP 3 location (Length ~ 5.1 Kms) o 5.4 Offshore – From LFP 3 Via Nakti Creek upto DP 1 (Length ~ 8.9 Kms) Assessment of Alignment Alternatives A. Assessment of the alignment alternatives for Onshore Upto Pumping Station Location in terms of locational features is presented as below: Sr. No Onshore Alignment Alternative – Upto Pumping Station Location Advantages Disadvantages 1 Alternative – I – Starting from Welspun Premises upto Prabhat Road Junction following the route of rising main of sewage pumping for recycling plant, further down along IFFFCO Udhyognagar road meeting SH-6 and further along SH – 6 and KASEZ road upto PS 4 location (Length ~ 17.2 Kms) Pipeline following the route of Sewage Pumping main. Hence pipeline will be laid in trench common to the sewage pumping main Pipeline in the crowded streets of SH – 6 and on the IFFCO Udhyognagar Road and further in SEZ area is very difficult. Moreover permission from SEZ for laying along their main road may not be granted. 2 Alternative – II – Starting from Welspun Premises upto Prabhat Road Junction following the route of rising main of sewage pumping for recycling plant, further passing through Government / Private land upto junction of KASEZ Road and further along KASEZ road upto PS 4 location (Length ~ 16.6 Kms) Pipeline following the route of Sewage Pumping main. Hence pipeline will be laid in trench common to the sewage pumping main Pipeline alignment is selected avoiding the crowded streets of SH-6 and along IFFCO Udhyognagar Road (on back side of the habitation) but the Pipeline laying in the SEZ area is very difficult. Moreover permission from SEZ for laying along their main road may not be granted. 3 Alternative – III – Starting from Welspun Premises upto Prabhat Road Junction following the route of rising main of sewage pumping for recycling plant, further via Pipeline following the route of Sewage Pumping main. Hence pipeline will be laid in trench common to the sewage pumping Around 850 m stretch of pipeline alignment passes through Kidana village and its narrow streets. Necessary permissions and careful laying KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | APRIL 2015 192 WELSPUN INDIA LTD., KUTCH Sr. No EIA, EMP, RA & DMP FOR ONSHORE TREATED WASTE WATER DISPOSAL PIPELINE FOR 25 MLD CAPACITY ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES Onshore Alignment Alternative – Upto Pumping Station Location Advantages Disadvantages Kidana Road upto PS 4 location (Length ~ 15.3 Kms) main. Further pipeline is to be laid along Kidana Road passing through village Kidana operations need to be carried out in this area. Out of the above three alternatives Alternative III seems to be the most feasible as the alternatives is principally avoiding the entry to Kandla SEZ area. Only hindrance is the Kidana Village as the alignment crosses the village in a stretch of 850 m which needs to be properly addressed. B. Assessment of the alignment alternatives for Offshore from Pumping Station upto LFP in terms of locational features is presented as below: Sr. No Offshore Alignment Alternative – From Pumping Station Location upto LFP Advantages Disadvantages 1 Alternative – I – Onshore – Along Sakar Drainage further parallel to Road along salt pans to Tune upto LFP 1 location (Length ~ 3.75 Kms) Offshore – From LFP 1 Via Nakti Creek upto DP 1 (Length ~ 11 Kms) Pipeline laid along natural drainage and further upto LFP – 1, which has shortest stretch mud flat banks upto waters of Nakti creek. Longest Offshore length. Least destruction to Mangroves. Falls under stable coast zone as per the Shoreline Changes Maps prepared by Anna University for MOEF. 2 Alternative – II – Onshore – Along Sakar Drainage further parallel to Bharapar Road crossing the proposed Railway line to Tuna Port upto LFP 2 location (Length ~ 6.3 Kms) Offshore – From LFP 2 Via Nakti Creek upto DP 1 (Length ~ 7.5 Kms) Pipeline laid along natural drainage and further upto LFP – 2 via Bharapar Road having longest onshore length and shortest offshore length. Destruction to mangroves is more as stretch of mud flat banks upto waters of Nakti creek is high. Pipeline falls under low Erosion area as per the Shoreline Changes Maps prepared by Anna University for MOEF. 3 Alternative – III – Onshore – Along Sakar Drainage further parallel to Bharapar Road crossing the proposed Railway line to Tune Port upto LFP 3 location (Length ~ 5.1 Kms) Offshore – From LFP 3 Via Nakti Creek upto DP 1 (Length ~ 8.7 Kms) Pipeline laid along natural drainage and further upto LFP – 2 via Bharapar Road having shorter onshore length and relatively higher offshore length than Alternative II Destruction to mangroves is more as stretch of mud flat banks upto waters of Nakti creek is high. Pipeline falls under stable coast zone as per the Shoreline Changes Maps prepared by Anna University for MOEF. Out of the above three alternatives Alternative III has been selected. 5.5 Selected Alignment Alternative Thus final selected alternative for alignment of pipeline is just near the above selected alternatives for offshore section is as under: Onshore Segment Upto Pumping Station location: Alternative – III – Starting from Welspun Premises upto Prabhat Road Junction following the route of rising main of sewage pumping for recycling plant, further via Kidana Road upto PS 4 location (Length ~ 15.3 Kms) KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | APRIL 2015 193 WELSPUN INDIA LTD., KUTCH EIA, EMP, RA & DMP FOR ONSHORE TREATED WASTE WATER DISPOSAL PIPELINE FOR 25 MLD CAPACITY ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES Onshore-Offshore Segment after Pumping Station location upto Disposal Point: Alternative – II – Onshore – Along Sakar Drainage further parallel to Bharapar Road crossing the proposed Railway line to Tuna Port upto LFP 2 location (Length ~ 5.86 Kms) Offshore – From LFP 2 Via Nakti Creek upto DP 1 (Length ~ 8.92 Kms) Final selected alternative is highlighted above in the report. KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | APRIL 2015 194 WELSPUN INDIA LTD., KUTCH EIA, EMP, RA & DMP FOR ONSHORE TREATED WASTE WATER DISPOSAL PIPELINE FOR 25 MLD CAPACITY ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAMME 6 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAM 6.1 Environmental Monitoring 6.1.1 Construction Phase Environmental auditing during construction phase shall comprise checking: Appropriate permits, certificates, authorizations and Compliance with EMP and local governmental regulations Environmental Management Plan, Implementation & Monitoring during Construction Phase Typical checklists are presented in Table 6-1 and Table 6-2. Table 6-1: Project Start-Up Checklist Environmental Aspect Yes / No Comments Yes / No Comments Awareness of environmental issues for personnel at site Display of telephone numbers of emergency services at site Establishment of solid waste management system at both construction site and labour camp. Establishment of wastewater management system at both construction site and labour camp. Availability of fire-fighting equipment at construction site Table 6-2: Monthly Checklist Environmental Aspect Review of Environment Management Training on environmental awareness to personnel at site Compliance of construction activities with approved methods Compliance with fire safety requirements Dealing with public complaints if any 6.1.2 Operation Phase Environmental Quality Monitoring schedule shall be decided in consultation with the State Pollution Control Boards. Environment monitoring plan is given in Table 6-3. Table 6-3: Environment Monitoring Plan Sr.No. Activity Schedule Air Pollution Monitoring Ambient air monitoring of parameters – NOx, PM & SOx at Pumping Stations. Quarterly Water Pollution Monitoring KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | APRIL 2015 195 WELSPUN INDIA LTD., KUTCH Sr.No. EIA, EMP, RA & DMP FOR ONSHORE TREATED WASTE WATER DISPOSAL PIPELINE FOR 25 MLD CAPACITY ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAMME Activity Schedule Treated effluent monitoring of parameters- as the parameters mentioned in CC & A. Monitoring of outlet of Common ETP will be carried out on daily basis for analysis of principal parameters of pH, TDS, BOD, COD, Oil and Grease, Sulphates and Chlorides as per CCA norms. Online monitoring system will be installed at Pumping Station Location for TOC, pH, Flow and DO. On Daily basis Treated sewage monitoring of principal parameters of pH, TDS, BOD, COD, Oil and Grease, Sulphates and Chlorides - Inlet and Outlet quality of STP as required for RO. On Daily basis Noise Quality Monitoring Ambient Noise Levels Noise recordings will be carried out near the operating equipments on regular basis Records of generation, handling, storage, transportation and disposal of other solid, aqueous and organic hazardous wastes as required by hazardous waste authorization Solid Waste Generation Monitoring / Record Keeping As per the NOC received from GPCB Environmental Statement Environmental statement under the EP (Act) 1986 Once in a year During operation phase, discharge of treated wastewater will have little detectable impact on marine environment, ongoing monitoring shall be undertaken. Monitoring of the marine environment focuses on the following elements. Water Quality (Nutrients, Physical –Chemical, microbiological); Sediment Quality (Nutrients, metals, pesticides); 6.2 Environment Management Cell The responsibilities of the various members of the environment management cell are given in Table 6-4. Table 6-4: Environment Management Cell S. Designation Proposed responsibility 1. Director (Construction and Operations) Pipelines Responsible for providing all the necessary funding and administrative support to the EMP and be ultimately responsible for carrying out this project with total commitment to environmental matters. 2. Senior Manager – Environment and Safety Responsible for coordinating the activities of monitoring and managing compliance of the EMP. The responsibilities include technical, community and administrative matters related to the EMP, including liaison with the general public in the project area, other parties and regulatory bodies on environmental issues related to the project. No. KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | APRIL 2015 196 WELSPUN INDIA LTD., KUTCH S. EIA, EMP, RA & DMP FOR ONSHORE TREATED WASTE WATER DISPOSAL PIPELINE FOR 25 MLD CAPACITY ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAMME Designation Proposed responsibility 3. Manager - Environment Secondary responsibility for environment management and decision making for all environmental issues 4. Manager - Safety Secondary responsibility for environment management and decision making for all safety issues 5. Environmental Officers Responsible for monitorin g the compliance of the EMP and will report to the Environmental Manager. 6. Construction Contractor Responsible for ensuring full compliance with environmental matters related to construction activities, as laid down in the EMP. The construction contractor will ensure that all his workers are properly briefed in environmental matters in terms of DOs and DON'Ts while they work on the project. 7. Site Engineers Ensure environmental monitoring as per appropriate procedures No. 6.3 Regulatory Framework The following EHS regulatory requirements are applicable to the activities being planned, and the checklist given in Table 6-5 may be taken into consideration prior to actual commencement of operations. This checklist requires to be reviewed at quarterly intervals. Table 6-5: Applicable EHS Regulatory Requirements S. Action Required / Applicable Legislation / Rule / Permit Requirement 1. CRZ clearance as per the CRZ Notification dated 6th January,2011 and amended till date Permit to establish facility Before commencement of the project 2. Consent to Establish/ NOC from the GPCB under water and air act Permit to establish facility Before commencement of the project Permit to discharge air emissions from the flue gas stacks Application to be filed with the GPCB once the CRZ clearance and NOC is obtained after the commencement of the project Permit to discharge of wastewater Application to be filed with the GPCB once the CRZ clearance and NOC is obtained after the commencement of the project No. 3. Consent to Operate under the Air Act from the GPCB Timing of Action 4. Consent to Operate under the Water Act from the GPCB 5. Consent to Operate under authorization to generate, transport and dispose hazardous wastes from the GPCB Permit to generate and dispose hazardous wastes Application to be filed with the GPCB once the CRZ clearance and NOC is obtained after the commencement of the project 6. The Public Liability Act, 1991 (PLI) Insurance to be taken Welspun will take insurance under PLI KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | APRIL 2015 197 WELSPUN INDIA LTD., KUTCH S. No. 7. EIA, EMP, RA & DMP FOR ONSHORE TREATED WASTE WATER DISPOSAL PIPELINE FOR 25 MLD CAPACITY Applicable Legislation / Rule / Permit Requirement Factory License from the DISH (Department of Industrial Safety Health) A basic safety license to run the Factory KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | APRIL 2015 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAMME Action Required / Timing of Action Application prior to construction and also commissioning 198 WELSPUN INDIA LTD., KUTCH EIA, EMP, RA & DMP FOR ONSHORE TREATED WASTE WATER DISPOSAL PIPELINE FOR 25 MLD CAPACITY ADDITIONAL STUDIES 7 ADDITIONAL STUDIES – CONSEQUENCE ANALYSIS AND DISASTER MANAGEMENT PLAN 7.1 Hazard Identification and Consequence Analysis 7.1.1 Introduction An emergency is considered to be a situation of process deviation that may lead to or actually leads to a major accident/disaster with potential short term and/or long term risk and damage consequences to life and property in and/or around the factory. A Disaster is a catastrophic consequence of a major emergency/accident that leads to, not only extensive damage to life and property but also disrupts all normal human activity for a pretty long time and requires a major national and international effort for rescue and rehabilitation of those affected. Since the occurrence of a disaster is very remote for this project, the report focuses on emergency situations and discusses the contents of an Emergency Plan (EP) and Contingency Plan (CP). EP is a guide, giving general considerations, directions and procedures for handling emergencies likely to arise from deviations to planned operations. The site specific document contingent to – and demonstrating suitable implementation of the EP is called the CP. The CP, being site specific, will require to be updated once the construction, and later on, production commences. 7.1.2 Emergency Plan: Structure The EP is supposed to be a dynamic, changing, document focusing on continual improvement of emergency response planning and arrangements. A structure working on a Plan, Do, Check & Review (PDCR) cycle has been therefore suggested. Another advantage of doing this is to have a system that is in synchronicity with commonly used EHS systems such as ISO 14001 and OHSAS 18000. 7.1.3 Policy Welspun’s Health and Safety Policies guide the Emergency Response Plan. These policies are to be made accessible to all at site and to other stakeholders. The policies have been framed considering legislative compliance, stakeholder involvement, continual improvement, and management by objectives. 7.1.4 Planning Event Classification and Modes of Failure Hazards that can lead to accidents in operations are discussed in this section. Important hazardous events are classified in Table 7-1. Table 7-1: Event Classification Type of Event Explanation BLEVE Boiling Liquid Evaporating Vapour Explosion; may happen due to catastrophic failure of refrigerated or pressurized gases or liquids stored above their boiling points, followed by early ignition of the same, typically leading to a fire ball Deflagration Is the same as detonation but with reaction occurring at less than sonic velocity and initiation of the reaction at lower energy levels KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | APRIL 2015 199 WELSPUN INDIA LTD., KUTCH EIA, EMP, RA & DMP FOR ONSHORE TREATED WASTE WATER DISPOSAL PIPELINE FOR 25 MLD CAPACITY ADDITIONAL STUDIES Type of Event Explanation Detonation A propagating chemical reaction of a substance in which the reaction front advances in the unreacted substance at or greater than sonic velocity in the unreacted material Explosion A release of large amount of energy that form a blast wave Fire Fire Fireball The burning of a flammable gas cloud on being immediately ignited at the edge before forming a flammable/explosive mixture. Flash Fire A flammable gas release gets ignited at the farthest edge resulting in flash-back fire Spill Release ‘Loss of containment’. Release of fluid or gas to the surroundings from unit’s own equipment / tanks causing (potential) pollution and / or risk of explosion and / or fire Structural Damage Breakage or fatigue failures (mostly failures caused by weather but not necessarily) of structural support and direct structural failures Vapour Cloud Explosion Explosion resulting from vapour clouds formed from flashing liquids or non-flashing liquids and gases Identification of Possible Emergency Situations Broadly, two situations can arise: Emergency situations involving loss of containment of hazardous materials. For the proposed facility, the following credible containment loss scenarios may be envisaged: Loss of HSD from Storage Tank. Consequence analysis of all the above mentioned containment loss scenarios has been discussed and related consequence isopleths are provided at the end of Chapter 7. Emergency situations not involving loss of containment are generally more likely to occur and the following are possible: Falls due to working at heights (during construction/repair and maintenance). Electric shock caused by contact with faulty electrical equipment, cables, etc. Chronic health issues related to inhalation or ingestion of dust. Falls on floors made slippery by aqueous solutions or solvents. Burns by splashes of liquids, by steam or hot vapors, by contact with hot surfaces. Exposure to adverse environmental factors (for e.g. high temperature). Emergency situations involving containment failure as mentioned above have been modeled for their consequence distances using the software ‘PHAST’ version 6.51, prepared by DNV Technica, UK. 7.1.5 Consequence Assessment Toxic, flammable and explosive substances released from sources of storage as a result of failures or catastrophes, can cause losses in the surrounding area in the form of: Toxic gas dispersion, resulting in toxic levels in ambient air, Fires, fireballs, and flash back fires, resulting in a heat wave (radiation), or Explosions (Vapour Cloud Explosions) resulting in blast waves (overpressure). KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | APRIL 2015 200 WELSPUN INDIA LTD., KUTCH EIA, EMP, RA & DMP FOR ONSHORE TREATED WASTE WATER DISPOSAL PIPELINE FOR 25 MLD CAPACITY ADDITIONAL STUDIES Consequences of Fire/Heat Wave The main consequence is a heat wave that results in heat being exerted on the surrounding life and property, causing damage. The term used to define excess heat is called radiation and is expressed in kilowatt per m2 or kw/m2. The dose is the amount of heat radiation received in unit time and is expressed as kilowatt-hour / m2 or kwh/m2. Some important damage thresholds, expressed as ‘radiation dose’ include: Fatal to humans: 37.5 kwh/m2 First Degree burns to humans: 12.5 kwh/m2. This is also the limit where burning of wood (and consequent damage to environment and property) takes place. First Degree burns to humans: 4 kwh/m2 Consequences of Explosions In case of Vapour Cloud Explosions (VCE’s), the main consequence is a blast wave that results in great pressure being exerted on the surrounding life and property, causing damage. Some important damage thresholds with respect to overpressure include: Fatality: 1 bar (16 psi) Ear drum rupture of humans: 0.41 bar (6 psi) Structural damage to buildings: 0.2 bar (3 psi) Glass damage: 0.03 bar (0.5 psi) Consequences of Containment Failure and Release of Material into Environment Release of LDO into Environment It is expected that Welspun would have 1 storage tank for HSD having a capacity of 10 KL. The consequence scenarios considered are loss of HSD due to 25mm, 50mm and catastrophic rupture in the storage tank. Consequence analysis is provided in Table 7-2. Table 7-2: Effect Distance due to Release of HSD Scenario Reference Scenario Description 25 mm leak from storage tank Release Phase Liquid Consequence Met Data Jet fire Early pool fire HSD Late pool fire 50 mm leak from storage tank Liquid Jet fire Early pool fire KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | APRIL 2015 Effective Distance in meter to Radiation Level 4 kW/m2 12.5 kW/m2 37.5 kW/m2 3.6/B N.R. N.R. N.R. 4.0/D N.R. N.R. N.R. 5.0/D N.R. N.R. N.R. 3.6/B 14.67 10.06 5.30 4.0/D 14.63 10.07 5.32 5.0/D 14.80 10.38 5.70 3.6/B 39.07 2.85 10.03 4.0/D 39.23 22.29 9.98 5.0/D 39.87 23.43 10.13 3.6/B 2.26 N.R. N.R. 4.0/D 2.20 N.R. N.R. 5.0/D 2.16 N.R. N.R. 3.6/B 22.33 14.91 6.49 201 WELSPUN INDIA LTD., KUTCH Scenario Reference EIA, EMP, RA & DMP FOR ONSHORE TREATED WASTE WATER DISPOSAL PIPELINE FOR 25 MLD CAPACITY Scenario Description Release Phase Consequence Late pool fire Jet fire Catastrophic Rapture Early pool fire Late pool fire Met Data ADDITIONAL STUDIES Effective Distance in meter to Radiation Level 4 kW/m2 12.5 kW/m2 37.5 kW/m2 4.0/D 22.35 15.01 6.54 5.0/D 22.59 15.42 6.86 3.6/B 39.11 21.42 9.94 4.0/D 39.28 21.94 9.89 5.0/D 39.88 23.25 10.03 3.6/B - - - 4.0/D - - - 5.0/D - - - 3.6/B - - - 4.0/D - - - 5.0/D - - - 3.6/B 37.80 21.00 8.98 4.0/D 38.00 21.52 8.98 5.0/D 38.48 22.65 8.95 N.R.: Not Reached The effect contours generated for the release and catastrophic rupture of HSD storage tank are presented in Figure 7-1 to Figure 7-2. Figure 7-1: Late Pool fire effect contour due to 25 mm leak in HSD storage tank at weather 4/D KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | APRIL 2015 202 WELSPUN INDIA LTD., KUTCH EIA, EMP, RA & DMP FOR ONSHORE TREATED WASTE WATER DISPOSAL PIPELINE FOR 25 MLD CAPACITY ADDITIONAL STUDIES Figure 7-2: Late Pool fire effect contour due to 25 mm leak in HSD storage tank at weather 5/D Figure 7-3: Late Pool fire effect contour due to 50 mm leak in HSD storage tank at weather 4/D Figure 7-4: Late Pool fire effect contour due to 50 mm leak in HSD storage tank at weather 5/D KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | APRIL 2015 203 WELSPUN INDIA LTD., KUTCH EIA, EMP, RA & DMP FOR ONSHORE TREATED WASTE WATER DISPOSAL PIPELINE FOR 25 MLD CAPACITY ADDITIONAL STUDIES Figure 7-5: Late Pool fire effect contour due to Catastrophic Rupture of HSD storage tank at weather 4/D Figure 7-6: Late Pool fire effect contour due to Catastrophic Rupture of HSD storage tank at weather 5/D 7.2 7.2.1 On-site Emergency Plan Introduction The primary purpose of this plan is to prepare the Welspun for wastewater disposal pipeline for dealing with emergency situations arising out of human negligence and natural calamities. It is also intended to suggest preventive measures so that such emergency situations do not arise as far as possible. This plan is also meant to fulfill the statutory responsibility of the factory as per Factory Act Section 41-B (4) of the Factories Act, 1948 requires that every occupier of a hazardous factory shall draw up an On-site emergency plan and detailed disaster control measures for his factory and make it known to the workers and the general public in the vicinity, the safety measures to be taken in the event of an accident taking place. An On-Site Emergency Plan deals with measures to prevent and control emergencies within the factory and not affecting outside public or environment. An Off-Site Emergency plan deals with measures to prevent and control emergencies affecting outside public and the environment outside the premises. This plan (on-site and off-site) has the following outcomes: Identifies the hazardous substances KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | APRIL 2015 204 WELSPUN INDIA LTD., KUTCH EIA, EMP, RA & DMP FOR ONSHORE TREATED WASTE WATER DISPOSAL PIPELINE FOR 25 MLD CAPACITY ADDITIONAL STUDIES Identifies failure hazards due to failure of control measures and equipment at different stages of all processes Identifies Procedure and facilities to be used in case of an emergency for immediate control and to minimize the effect of such situation Identifies details relating to alert system Provides and organization chart for fixation of responsibilities and contact persons during an emergency Makes arrangement to create and maintain awareness and emergency preparedness in personnel handling emergency by making provision of training, rehearsals, mock drill etc. Safeguards employees and people in the vicinity Minimizes damage to the environment and/or property Compilation of data for use in District disaster/Emergency plan prepared by the District Collector etc In order to understand the effect and damage consequences arising out of abnormal situations, definitions which are accepted by all the concerned Government, Semi Government bodies and institutions are mentioned hereunder. Accident An accident is an unplanned event, which has probability of causing personal injure or property damage or both. It may result in physical harm in the shape of injure or decease to people, damage to property, loss to the company, a near mess or any combination of these effects. Major Accident A major accident is a sudden, unexpected, unplanned event, resulting from uncontrolled developments during and industrial activity, which caused, or has the potential to cause Serious adverse effects Immediate or delayed resulting to death, injuries, poisoning or hospitalization to a number of people inside the installation and or to persons outside the establishment or Significant damage to crops, plants or animals significant contamination of land, water or air or An emergency intervention outside the establishment e.g. evacuation of local population, stopping of local traffic or Significant changes in the process operating conditions, such as stoppage or suspension of normal work in the concerned plant for a significant period of time, or Any combination of above effects. Emergency An emergency could be defined as any situation, which presents a threat to safety of persons and or property, it may require outside help also. Major Emergency A major emergency occurring at a work is one that may affect several departments within it and or may cause serious injuries, loss of life, extensive damage to property or serious disruption outside the works. It will require the use of outside resources to handle it effectively. Usually the result of a malfunction of the normal operating procedures, It may also be precipitated by the intervention of an outside agency, such as a server electrical, storm, flooding, crashed aircraft or deliberate acts of arson or sabotage. KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | APRIL 2015 205 WELSPUN INDIA LTD., KUTCH EIA, EMP, RA & DMP FOR ONSHORE TREATED WASTE WATER DISPOSAL PIPELINE FOR 25 MLD CAPACITY ADDITIONAL STUDIES Emergency due to operating conditions such as uncontrolled reaction, small fire, small gas leak, spill, failure of power, water, air steam, cooling media, scrubbing media etc, and which can be locally handled by plant personnel alone without outside help is not considered as major emergency. Operating instructions in the Safety manual shall cover this area, though the outside emergency plan will also be helpful. Hazard Risk is the likelihood of an undesired vent i.e. accident, injury or death occurring within a specified period or under specification circumstances. It may be either a frequency or a probability depending on the circumstances. The on-site Emergency Plan The on-site emergency plan deals with measures to prevent and control emergencies affecting public and the environment inside the premises. The manufacturer should provide the necessary information on the nature, extent and likely effects of such incidents. The off-site Emergency Plan The off-Site emergency plan deals with measures to prevent and control emergencies affecting public and environment outside premised. The manufacturer should provide the necessary information on the nature, extent and likely effects of such incidents. 7.2.2 Objectives of the Emergency Plan An emergency cannot always be prevented but it can be controlled within units and its effect can be minimized by using the best resources available at the time. Emergency planning is a management function and it should not be considered in isolation. Management should evaluate the activities operations and processes carried out within the works before starting to plan an emergency operation. A check must be made to ensure that all required steps have already been taken which are included in emergency planning. Considering our number of employees, materials and processes, availability of resources, location of site and size, company has prepared this emergency plan. The plan contains clear instructions for all staff members. The objectives of the emergency plan are as under: To define and assess emergencies, including risk and environmental impact assessment To prevent the emergency turning into a disaster To safeguard employees and people in vicinity To minimize damage to property or/and the environment To inform employees, the general public and the authority about the hazards/risks assessed safeguards provided residual risk if any and role to be played by in the event of an emergency. To be ready for mutual aid if need is arise to help neighboring unit. Normal jurisdiction is for the own premises only, but looking to time factor in arriving the external help or off-site plan agency; the jurisdiction must be extended outside to be extent possible in case of emergency occurring outside. To inform authorities and mutual aid centers to come for help To effect rescue and treatment of casualties To identify and list any dead To inform and help relatives To secure the safe rehabilitation of affected areas and restore normalcy KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | APRIL 2015 206 WELSPUN INDIA LTD., KUTCH EIA, EMP, RA & DMP FOR ONSHORE TREATED WASTE WATER DISPOSAL PIPELINE FOR 25 MLD CAPACITY ADDITIONAL STUDIES To provide authoritative information to the news media To preserve records, equipment etc. and to organize investigation into the cause of the emergency and preventive measures to prevent its reoccurrence To ensure safety of the works before personnel re-enter and resume work 7.2.3 Health & Safety Policy Welspun recognizes the importance of managing health, safety and environmental matters effectively as an integral part of its activities. It has been our continuous endeavor to provide an environment which ensures health, safe working conditions and safe practices, of Welspun’s guiding principle that all accidents are preventable and all identified health risks are confinable. Provide and maintain facilities, plant, and equipment, systems and working conditions, which are safe without risk to the health of employee, visitors, contractors and the public Provide information, instruction, training and supervision for all staff to enable them to carry out their duties in a safe, environmentally responsible and effective manner Take full account of health, safety and environmental considerations in project, planning and decision making Develop and maintain appropriate emergency response procedures and contingency plans commensurate with the risk to its activities Seek to achieve continuous improvement in its health, safety and environmental performance based on the recommendations made through periodic audits Seek to co-operate actively with the appropriate authorities and other relevant bodies to resolve issues and improve performance 7.2.4 Storage and Operational Hazards & Control The safety measures applicable and adopted for the factor in general are given below. Earthing provided on all relevant equipment and tanks to avoid any electrical hazard Lightening arrestors have been provided on the buildings Fire extinguishers and Life-boy units are kept ready as per details given later Safety showers ad eyewash showers are provided Information regarding material hazards has been made aware among workers and staff Other Hazards and Control Hazards, which cannot be, classified as either storage or process and vessel hazards are listed here. This includes hazards due to piping or structure collapse, loss of wastewater disposal capacity due to major equipment failure, such as pump failure or blockage in diffuser etc. site associated hazards like, snakebites, hazards likely from outside or neighboring plants etc. 7.2.5 Risk and Environmental Impact Assessment Plan Environmental Impact Assessment may be defined as a document containing environmental analysis which includes identification, interpretation, prediction and mitigation of impacts likely to be caused by proposed action or project. The Environmental elements that are likely to be affected are to be identified and categorized as air, water land, sound, ecology, human aspects economics and resources. Identification and evaluation is necessary for solid, liquid wastes, quantity and quality, gaseous emission, displacement. Human settlement, landscape, vegetation, water courses, aquatic flora, fauna, hazards etc. KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | APRIL 2015 207 WELSPUN INDIA LTD., KUTCH EIA, EMP, RA & DMP FOR ONSHORE TREATED WASTE WATER DISPOSAL PIPELINE FOR 25 MLD CAPACITY ADDITIONAL STUDIES To consider the social risk, we have to find out the details about the people those who are at work on site and for the people those who are living and or working in the vicinity. Off-site Population details can be calculated from the following aspects. Location and number of people normally reside at night Day time variation to this data The number and location or more vulnerable people Proportion of people outdoors Identification, analysis and assessment of hazards and risk provide vital information to risk management. From the nature of project – Operational activities it is not anticipated for potentialities of major incidents. However, following risks like fire, excess waste water inflows etc. entering river system are discussed below. Based on available information and data, company has made the hazard identification of their works, while doing so, best available technology is used in design, instillation, operation and maintenance of processes, plants, equipment and machinery. Following list gives the idea of surrounding vicinity and emergency time facilities such as Surrounding area population, residential premises project-location (pipeline route with pumping station) Approaches to the project site Hospital, nourishing home Fire Station Police Station Railway, bus station and other transport centers Mutual aid center North direction, wind direction, wind velocity etc. This key plan is also kept in the emergency center so that proper and immediate action can be taken by the concerned authority. Various hazards that can be divided in following different categories applicable to pipeline operation are explained below. These hazards should be taken into consideration because pipeline receives treated effluent from CETP, Vapi. Fire Hazards Activities at project site are mainly dealing with disposal of treated effluent (running of electrically driven water pump), lubricating oil and diesel. However, risk of fire dose exists, electrical fire and plantation fires. The fire may take place because of any one of the following reasons. Electrical short circuiting Electrical spark Accidental plantation grass fire To control fire hazards following action are taken. Short circuit proof wiring is installed Regular preventive electrical maintenance is in place to take care of loose connections, soundness of overload relays etc. Annual maintenance of bus-bars, tripping mechanisms, transformers, MNC’s is strictly planned and carried out KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | APRIL 2015 208 WELSPUN INDIA LTD., KUTCH EIA, EMP, RA & DMP FOR ONSHORE TREATED WASTE WATER DISPOSAL PIPELINE FOR 25 MLD CAPACITY ADDITIONAL STUDIES Appropriate fire extinguishers are placed near D.G. set/ diesel storage area and regularly monitored Team of gardeners is working round the year to prevent grass fires from plantation area Excess waste water Inflow Than the Current Design Capacity In case of emergency such as excess waste water inflow, company will run the additional pumps which are always kept ready as standby. Incase catastrophic failure of standby pump excess treated effluent outflow will be diverted in to the River. Corrosion Hazards In present project question of Corrosion Hazard is ruled out as the pipeline material will be HDPE and also in MS we have epoxy lining inside the surface of the pipe. Hazards From Critical Equipment Failure and or Damage Pipeline/Diffuser Though this is not hazard in the normal sense, it has direct impact on environment. From failure of pump can result in loss of treated effluent disposal capacity, which will lead to bypassing of treated effluent in to the River. Such critical equipments are Pumps, Transformer, standby D.G. Set etc. To control such emergency following provisions are made For above all critical equipment, standby spare equipment of each size is provided. This standby equipment is periodically swapped into use to ensure they are in operative condition Well-planned preventive maintenance schedule is implemented and executed meticulously. Critical spare parts stocks are ensured Well-trained fitters and electricians are on permanent role call of the Company. Competent mechanical and electrical engineers are supervising the above workmen and ensuring quality work and strict adherence to maintenance schedule and prompt attendants breakdown jobs Full time storekeeper ensures adequate spares stock and other consumables required for smooth operational activities Hazards from Natural Calamities like earthquake and floods Extent of damages from such events can not be imagined, to combat such eventualities following procedures will be taken place. Quick response systematic operations shutdown procedures are in place Personnel are trained to carry out these operations and drills carried out periodically After the incident is cleared, systematic checking of each equipment and installations for their operational soundness will be carried out. Elaborate checklist for this action is prepared. After checking and rechecking operation will be restarted in logical sequence Control Measures provided Looking to the nature of operations and materials handled following process controls and facilities have been employed. Control of all parameters is done by adequate control valves, flow measurement, level checking etc. Procedures and actions have been well defined and known to all operating personnel for safe shutdown of plant in case of power failure and other contingency requirement 750 KVA D. G. Set is provided for as power back-up system for running the pumps in case of power failure Sufficient space provided for free movement. Safe heights are considered in designing plant layout Guard-railing are provided for walKWays and work areas where needed KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | APRIL 2015 209 WELSPUN INDIA LTD., KUTCH EIA, EMP, RA & DMP FOR ONSHORE TREATED WASTE WATER DISPOSAL PIPELINE FOR 25 MLD CAPACITY ADDITIONAL STUDIES Testing and inspection schedules for appropriate equipment are carried out All elevated structure are provided with lighting arrestors All exposed various parts of moving machinery are provided with suitable guards for personnel safety Electrical trip out systems is in place catering to overload, high voltage etc. Adequate earthing is provided covering all equipment, which need earthing protection Operational Safety All operators and maintenance personnel are trained to combat any leakage, overflows and spillages Aprons, hand gloves, Dust masks and harness are provided and usage is ensured First – Aid box is provided with adequate provisions Following preventive maintenance to avoid failure will be done (I.) Periodic internal and external inspection of tanks (II.) Vibration test and observation (III.) Periodic inspection of piping and preventive maintenance Other Hazards and controls The company besides hazards dealt with so far there are few more hazards such as Maintenance Hazard, Physical Injuries and Snake bites let-us see how to overcome these hazards one by one Maintenance Hazard Safety permit system will be followed Preventive maintenance will be carried out Adequate inventory of spare parts will be maintained Only compatible parts will be used Scaffolding/ladders/safety belts will be used Protective appliances will be utilized for protection against fall, hand injury, head injury etc Maintenance procedures will be used All physical hazards will be eliminated Safe lifting tackles/tools will be used Lifting tackles are maintained and examined periodically for safety Hand tools, power tools are used with approved types and good quality Physical Injuries Controls Electrical Shocks in pump-room Hazard from Snakebites Adequate lighting is provided on walKWays and work areas and it is ensured all lighting fixtures are in use and working condition Round the year, full time gardeners ensure, walk ways and work areas are free from tall grasses and bushes KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | APRIL 2015 210 WELSPUN INDIA LTD., KUTCH EIA, EMP, RA & DMP FOR ONSHORE TREATED WASTE WATER DISPOSAL PIPELINE FOR 25 MLD CAPACITY ADDITIONAL STUDIES Arrangement exists with Haria Rotary Hospital for immediate treatment on emergency basis. Plant personnel are trained on basic first aid to be carried out before shifting for professional treatment. 7.2.6 Emergency Organization The company has identified the various hazards in the earlier sections and assessed the risks involved inside the factory premises. This section deals with building the organization structure for emergency arising out of the assessed risks. Further subsequent topics suggest the Key Personnel nominated to combat emergency with their specific responsibilities and duties. This preparedness helps in making best use of the resources involved and also avoids confusion / panic arising at the time of an emergency. All such Key Personnel should be available in all shifts and on call on off-duty or on holidays. Incident Controllers Primary duty of an incident controller (I.C.) is to take charge at the scene of the incident. The first instance, Shift in charge (S.I.) will act s\as I.C. arrives on site of Incident scene and takes charge of the situation. The major responsibilities/duties of the Incident Controller are as follows: Assess the scale of the emergency and if he feels that a major emergency exists or is likely, then activate On-Sit (& Off-Site if required) plan with or without consultation of site Main Controller Assume duties of Site Main Controller pending latter’s arrival. Nominate his deputy to the incident in that case Direct all operations within the affected area with the following priorities (a) Secure safety of the personnel (b) Minimize damage to the plant, property and environment (c) Minimize loss of materials Direct rescue and fire fighting operations until the arrival of the fire brigade Search for casualties evacuate non-essential workers to assembly points and carry out head counts Set up communication point and establish telephone/messenger contact with the Emergency Control Center. Give advice and information as required to the fire brigade and other mergence services Brief the Site Main controller and keep him informed of the developments Preserve evidences that will be necessary for subsequent inquiry into the cause of the emergency and conduction preventive measures Site Main Controller The site Main Controller has the overall responsibility for directing operations and for calling outside help from emergency Control Center. The nominated person is usually a senior Manager or a top executive or a director. The major responsibilities of the Site Main Controller are as follows: Consult incident controller, decide whether a major emergency exist, if yes, then declare major emergency, ensure outside emergency services and mutual aid is called, activate Off-Site plan and if necessary, inform nearby factories and population ensure that Key Personnel are called in Exercise direct operational control on parts of the factory outside affected area KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | APRIL 2015 211 WELSPUN INDIA LTD., KUTCH EIA, EMP, RA & DMP FOR ONSHORE TREATED WASTE WATER DISPOSAL PIPELINE FOR 25 MLD CAPACITY ADDITIONAL STUDIES Continuously review and assess possible development to determine the most probable cause of events Direct safe closedown and evacuation of plants in consultation with incident controller and key personnel Ensure that casualties receive adequate attention, arrange for hospitalization if necessary and the relatives are properly advised Inform and liase with Chief Officers of the fire and police services. District emergency authority, factory inspectorate and experts on health & safety. Provide advice on possible effects on area outside the factory Ensure proper accounting for personnel and rescue of missing persons Control traffic movement within the factory Issue authorized statement to news media Control rehabilitation of affected areas and victims on cessation of the emergency. Do not restart the flow unless it is ensured that it is safe to start and cleared by the authorities Other Key Personnel Other Key Personnel are required to provide advice to and implement the decisions made by the Site Main Controller in light of the information received on the developing situation at the emergency. Such key personnel includes senior persons responsible for functions such as safety, security, fire, gas and spill control, pollution control, communication system, medical services, engineering, operation, technical services, stores and personnel. Their major responsibilities include (under the direction of Site Main Controller) Decide action needed to shutdown plants; carry out emergency engineering work etc. Evacuate personnel Arrange for supplies of equipment, utilities fuel, water, power etc.) Carry out atmospheric tests Liase with emergency planning authorities and services Liase with hospitals, mutual aid centers, relatives of casualties etc Arrange for mutual aid help Arrange for outside shelter evacuation camps Any other work as may be assigned by the Site Main Controller Essential Workers Essential workers are a task force of workers/technicians trained in various disciplines of emergency control. Such teams must be available at all times to get the work done by the incident Controller and Site Main Controller. Such work will include Fire fighting, gas leak and spill control till a fire brigade takes charge Help fire brigade and mutual aid teams if required Shutdown plant and make it safe Carry out emergency engineering work e.g. isolation equipment, material, process, providing temporary bypass lines, safe transfer of material urgent repairing or replacement, electrical work etc. Keep provision of emergency power, water, lighting, instruments, equipment, materials etc. KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | APRIL 2015 212 WELSPUN INDIA LTD., KUTCH EIA, EMP, RA & DMP FOR ONSHORE TREATED WASTE WATER DISPOSAL PIPELINE FOR 25 MLD CAPACITY ADDITIONAL STUDIES Move equipment, arrange special vehicles and transport to and from the scene of the incident Search, evacuate, rescue and provide welfare services Give first-aid and medical help Move tankers or other vehicles from area of risk Carry out atmospheric tests and pollution control Main assembly points to record arrival of evacuated persons Assist casualties and record details of casualties Assist communication centers, if required Assembly Points Assembly point is a specified place where all non-essential workers (i.e. those who are not assigned any duty) shall report. All assembly points should be clearly marked by a conspicuous notice and an identification mark. They should be located in a safe place. Away from the areas of risk and least affected by down wind direction. It may be in the open or in a building, depending on the hazard involved. Each assembly point should Be managed by nominated person Have means of communication with Site Main Controller to receive instructions Suitable PPE’s if necessary to further pass through vulnerable area Emergency Control Centre Emergency Control Center is a place from which all emergency operations are directed and coordinated. It will be attended by Site Main Controller, Key Personnel; Senior Officers form fire Brigade, Police, Factory Inspectorate, District Authorities and Emergency Services. The center should contain An adequate number of external telephones with latest telephone directory An adequate number of internal telephones Factory plans showing a) Areas having large inventories of raw materials including tanks, reactors, drums and compressed gas cylinders Sources of radioactive materials if any b) Sources alarm brass bells, given safety equipment etc. c) Stock of other fire extinguishing materials d) Firewater system and additional sources of water e) Assembly points, lunch room etc. Nominal rolls of employees, work permits, gate entries and document for head count Other details like employee’s blood group and addresses 7.2.7 Preventive, Safety & Emergency Arrangements The arrangements made or to be made for Company May arrangements may not be feasible for a unit like this, but are taken care of by alternate arrangements with nearby bigger units or maintained by the industrial Estate or District Administration. Fire and toxicity Control Arrangements KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | APRIL 2015 213 WELSPUN INDIA LTD., KUTCH EIA, EMP, RA & DMP FOR ONSHORE TREATED WASTE WATER DISPOSAL PIPELINE FOR 25 MLD CAPACITY ADDITIONAL STUDIES These arrangements should include adequate amount of firefighting, extinguisher, and detectors to control the toxic effect of spill or a leak. Medical Arrangements The medical at a factory level include first-air box and trained first-aides, eye showers near storage/use of dangerous chemical, sufficient stock of medicines/antibiotics for emergency etc. It shall also include arrangement with nearby hospitals/PHCs for regular medical checkup of the staff, usage of hospital facilities by the staff for any medical advice/treatment, Use of ambulance at short notice and mutual air arrangements with nearby factories. Transport and Evacuation Management The evacuation arrangements include making safe authorized passages/routes for escape, Decision on evacuation procedures and transportation arrangements etc. Other Arrangements Arrangements not classified in this section earlier, but necessary for proper emergency monitoring and control shall be described here. 7.2.8 Emergency Communications Alarm Systems and Phones Any person noticing an emergency should be able to rise, or cause to be raised an alarm. All employees should be trained to operate such emergency alarms and all such points should be known to them. There should be adequate number of point’s form where an employee can raise an alarm directly, by actuating an audible/visible warning or indirectly via signal or message to a permanently manned location. The main alarm should be audible in every part of the factory, and provision for a big bell (independent of power) is suggested in case of a total power failure and telephones. Messenger/runner can also be employed in such a case. The public address system (PAS) and/or internal telephones throughout the factory will also server the purpose of a quick communication. Declaring Major Emergency The declaration of major emergency requires proper thought and matured judgment and should not be done in haste. This is the scope of activities activated after declaration puts many agencies on action, disturbing the running system, which may be costly at times, or the consequences may be serious. However, it should also be taken without wasting time, as may early actions save the emergency going out of hand saving lives and property. The decision to declare a major emergency basically restes on the experience and knowledge of the persons empowered to take such decisions and so, it is advisable to restrict the authority nominated to declare it. The number of persons nominated is not restricted as it depends on the size of the works, as long as the nominated persons meet the above criteria. Emergency and Statutory Communication The statutory information of the factories act must be made known before hand in the form of safety manual or safety booklet, to the workers so that they can prepare themselves to prevent or control and emergency. Such information may include: Statutory requirements U/s. 41-B, 41-H of the Factories Act Al list of hazardous processes carried out in the factory Location and availability of MSDS Physical and health hazards involved in the factory Measures taken by the management to ensure their works safety KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | APRIL 2015 214 WELSPUN INDIA LTD., KUTCH EIA, EMP, RA & DMP FOR ONSHORE TREATED WASTE WATER DISPOSAL PIPELINE FOR 25 MLD CAPACITY ADDITIONAL STUDIES PPEs required to be used during their daily working Meaning of various labels and makings on the containers/bags/drums etc. Measures to be taken in case of spillage or leakage of hazardous substances Signs and symptoms manifested on exposure to hazardous substances Role of workers via-a-vie the emergency plan, particularly the evacuation procedures Any other information considered necessary Key Personnel outside normal working hours Generally the key personnel and essential workers will be available in all shifts or on short call. However, it may not materialize many times or more persons may be required to handle the emergency. In such cases, the updated lists of such personnel can be contacted and notifies. The Outside Emergency Services and the Authorities The outside emergency services like the fire brigade, ambulance should be informed in the shortest possible time. The list of such services along with their phone numbers and addresses should be updated regularly and sufficient copies available. The emergency must also be immediately conveyed to the Government Authorities such as District Emergency Authority. Police Collectorate and the local factory inspectorate. The statutory information to above authorities must be supplied beforehand so that they are prepared to operate their Off-site emergency control or the district emergency plan. Feedback from them is also necessary to modify the factory’s own on-site plan. The neighboring factories and the general public A major emergency may be directly notifies to the nearby industrial units to enable them to protect their employees, take preventive measures in their premises for any adverse effects and assist as per mutual and plan. Generally, the police when alerted will take steps to safeguard members of the public However, the statutory information required as per section 41-B of the factories act must be supplied before hand to the general public for their emergency preparedness. 7.2.9 Action Plan Pre Emergency Activities The pre-emergency activities include periodic activities carried out in a company for detection of unsafe acts, precaution of unsafe acts, tests carried out to ensure safety measures are in place and working and tests carried out to ensure emergency organization structure, arrangements and communication systems are in place and understood by all concerned. These activities are enumerated below. Safety surveys the safety surveys conducted can be either internal or third party. The internal safety survey is carried out by task force of members from the factory itself and is supposed to identify by various hazards, check workability of preventive and safety systems and equipment already in place and suggest extra requirements/modifications. The third party safety survey is conducted by experts/consultants from outside and is primarily intended to take stock of existing safety measures and equipment. Check in-built safety systems/devise, if required and suggest modifications/additions in the system. Fire System Testing Fire system includes fire hydrants, fire appliances, fire pumps, water monitors, foam monitors, automatic fire alarms, smoke detectors and other available equipment. The testing includes, preparing and maintaining record of the fire systems, drawing test plans, recording findings, replacing/modifying defective equipment/accessories and checking capacities and delivery pressures of fire pumps. KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | APRIL 2015 215 WELSPUN INDIA LTD., KUTCH EIA, EMP, RA & DMP FOR ONSHORE TREATED WASTE WATER DISPOSAL PIPELINE FOR 25 MLD CAPACITY ADDITIONAL STUDIES Mutual Aid Scheme The mutual aid scheme envisages entering into agreement with the neighboring organizations for getting and extending help to each other in an emergency. The scheme will be operated by a “coordinator” for this purpose. Mock Drills The mock drills are a part of preparedness exercise to ensure performance of the man and the machine and to know the drawbacks of the system for taking corrective measures. Welspun Enviro Management Organisation has been carrying out mock drills regularly once in a year. Training Regular training of employees is one of the crucial factors in ensuring preventive safety measures in place and also ensuring emergency preparedness. It also goes a long way in changing the mental attitudes of the workers and staff towards safety. Welspun organizes regular training of the employees on handling safety equipment, demonstration of safe and unsafe acts and their roles in an emergency. Other Activities PPEs Store adequate number of personal Protective equipment and to train workers in use of such PPEs Communication Maintain adequate number of internal and external phones and install wind balloons for indicating wind direction Emergency Lights Install and maintain Emergency Lights in emergency control center, communication rooms and select plant areas. Keep sufficient number of torches/batteries in emergency control room. Hospitals Keep liaison with city hospitals to ensure that they have the staff needed to handle emergency cases, have adequate stock of antidotes required. Keep list of blood donors ready. Statutory Information to the workers, to the public and to the Government authorities Emergency Control A successful emergency handling depends on correct decisions and actions on-site. The staff are expected to work in a coordinated manner to meet he emergency situation, remove the emergency conditions and bring the plant to normally with a the help of resources available. Some major points are highlighted below Type of Hazard and hazard level The type of hazard and hazard level poised by the emergency will dictate the decisions taken to bring the emergency under control and decisions regarding evacuation and plant shut-down. Mutual Aid The mutual aids and can be called and utilized as per need. They may be especially useful in supply of equipment not available or not working or finished in your premises. They can also be helpful in certain Off-site activities. External Authorities/Experts Outside authorities like police, district emergency authority, Collector, Factory Inspector, health and medical officers and experts on safety, health, pollution control etc. will especially be helpful in providing resources, mobilizing resources, off-site activities etc. Medical Treatment KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | APRIL 2015 216 WELSPUN INDIA LTD., KUTCH EIA, EMP, RA & DMP FOR ONSHORE TREATED WASTE WATER DISPOSAL PIPELINE FOR 25 MLD CAPACITY ADDITIONAL STUDIES Urgent medical treatment to the injured will ensure that the casualties are restricted to a minimum. Proper first-air facilities should be kept ready. Accounting for personnel It is advisable to have a daily presence list of personnel attending the factory to facilitate proper accounting. The persons should be allowed to leave only after recording their whereabouts. Restarting The factory/plant should not be restarted unless it is ensured that all fires are extinguished. Gas leakage plugged and gas clouds dispersed area thoroughly examined, evidence collected and relevant authorities satisfied to give a restart signal. Post-Emergency Activities Post Emergency activities comprise of steps taken after emergency is over so as to establish the reasons of the emergency and preventive measures identifies. Some major steps are highlighted below Collection of records Conducting enquiry and concluding preventive measures Making insurance claims Preparation of enquiry reports and suggestion scheme Implementation of recommendations Rehabilitate affected persons within and outside the plant Restart the plant 7.3 Off-site Emergency Plan A major accident, major emergency or a disaster may affect areas outside the works. The risks involved can be due to a large five, a big explosion or release of flammable substances. The effects can be immediate or delayed and can cover a wide area. This section deals with measures to prevent and control emergencies affecting public and the environment outside the premises of the factory. The two main purpose of an offsite emergency plan are to provide the following information to the Local/District Authorities, Police, fire brigade, Doctors, Neighboring industries. Basic information of risk and environmental impact assessment (Section 3) appraise them of the consequences, protection/prevention measures and control plans and to seek their help to communicate with the public in an emergency. This information from every industry enables the district authorities to educate the public what can go wrong, the measures taken and required to be taken and to train them of their individual role in an emergency. Assist district authorities for preparing off site emergency (contingent), plan for the district or a particular area to organize rehearsals from time to time and initiate corrective actions based on the lessons learnt. 7.3.1 Major risks and their Effects Fire A major fire without any explosion risk releases heavy thermal radiation and smoke this may have the following effects. Evacuate nearby people residing or working or if time is less, ask them to stay indoors with their houses shut to shield themselves from the adverse effects people residing in shanty houses should preferably be evacuated KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | APRIL 2015 217 WELSPUN INDIA LTD., KUTCH EIA, EMP, RA & DMP FOR ONSHORE TREATED WASTE WATER DISPOSAL PIPELINE FOR 25 MLD CAPACITY ADDITIONAL STUDIES The smoke hampers control and rescue operations resulting in delay of these activities and increasing more chances of casualties and damage Road and/or rail traffic in affected areas may have to be halted or diverted Explosion An explosion may have the following effects Scatter debris over wide areas, resulting in damages at places located quite far away. This in trun can result in secondary fires/explosions releases. It becomes necessary to evacuate people from the areas likely to be affected The blast can cover considerable distances resulting in casualties and damage due to sound shock. This in turn means that part of the resources available for fighting emergency will have to be diverted, as the effect is immediate Road/rail traffic in affected areas may have to be halted or diverted 7.3.2 The Off-Site Action Plan The offsite action plan is largely a matter of effective co-ordination of existing services and their readiness for the specific hazards and problems. Which may arise in the incident the plan is usually prepare by local authorities or by the District emergency Authority, after receiving information of likely hazards, risks and events from every industry in the region? It is customary to appoint an emergency planning officer to liaise with the factories for this purpose. The role of the main agencies involved in off site plan is described below. Factory Management The site main controller to provide accurate information and correct assessment of the situation. He is also to prove a copy of the onsite and off site plan to the district authorities, factory inspectorate and emergency services in advance to enable them to prepare District/Area off site plan. Emergency Coordinating Officer Most likely senior police officer or a senior fire officer will liaise with site main controller and co – ordinate various emergency services. Local Authorities Prepare area off site plan appoint emergency planning officer make various services aware of their role, carry out rehearsals, maintain good communication systems, inform police, public, news media and announce public protection measures, termination of emergency and subsequent public precautions. Also preferably maintain separation distances as recommended by ILO Fire Authorities Responsibility of control of fire and explosion familiar with the location on site of hazardous storage areas, water and foam supply points and FFEs Police and Evacuation Authorities: Overall control of the emergency, appoint a senior officer as emergency coordinating officer, protect life & property, control traffic movements, evacuate public, identify dead and deal with casualties, inform relatives of dead and injured. Medical Authorities Medical authorities, including Doctors, Surgeons, Hospitals, ambulances should have the knowledge and experience to handle effects fo thermal radiation. Toxic releases etc. and be equipped with appropriate equipment and treatment facilities. Factory Inspectorate KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | APRIL 2015 218 WELSPUN INDIA LTD., KUTCH EIA, EMP, RA & DMP FOR ONSHORE TREATED WASTE WATER DISPOSAL PIPELINE FOR 25 MLD CAPACITY ADDITIONAL STUDIES Ensure that EHS organization responsible for producing an offsite plan has made proper arrangement for emergencies of all types made rehearsals to test the plan and advise on control operation during an emergency and safe rehabilitation of affected areas. 7.3.3 First -Aid Introduction The following rules are intended only for the initial treatment of minor injuries with the help of a trained first-aid, every injury must receive mediate medical attention. It is important that you know, Who is the FIRST-AIDER in your department/section The location of the First-Air box and its key The location of the nearest telephone and hospital telephone number Chemical Burns All corrosive chemicals should be washed off the skin immediately with plenty of water. Use the nearest safety shower If drops of corrosive liquid splash on the face, the eyes must be kept closed until the drops are washed away with copious amount of water Chemical splashes in the eye must be immediately washed out with plenty of water the eyelids should be forcibly held apart so that entire surface of the eye is thoroughly irrigated and the contaminants flashed out. Send the injured person immediately to the medical center The flushing should be carried out for at least 15 minutes, if required, continue flushing until a transport arrives and on the way to the medical center Eye Injuries’ With splashes of irritant chemicals in the eye. First aid should be immediate as detailed above Loose, unattached foreign bodies under or on the eyelid should be removed with a wet part of clean cotton or an applicator, if the particle on the corner or attached to the surface of the eye, refer immediately to the medical center Electric Shock Turn off the current at the main switch before attempting to rescue a person in contact with a live circuit. It this is not possible stand on a dry mat or wood and use rubber gloves, a coat or dry wooden material to protect the hands Render artificial respiration, if necessary Poisoning Whenever you handle poisonous substances ensure that Suitable instruction and protective equipment are provided Handling and operational methods are as safe as possible Antidotes are available at hand. Poisoning by swallowing is a rare occurrence. More important are the hazards through inhalation and skin absorption. Call or send for the medical officer, ambulance or first aid whichever is quickest do this at once and when the doctor arrives, give precise details of the poison. If the poison is known, the specific antidote will be known and available. Keep any vomited material for examination. KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | APRIL 2015 219 WELSPUN INDIA LTD., KUTCH EIA, EMP, RA & DMP FOR ONSHORE TREATED WASTE WATER DISPOSAL PIPELINE FOR 25 MLD CAPACITY ADDITIONAL STUDIES Remember that swift action on may help in saving a life Inhalation Where poisonous, vapor fumes or dust have been inhaled, remove the patient form exposure as quickly as possible using suitable protective equipment and breathing apparatus. Keep the patient warm and lying down till medical air is available. If breathing has stopped start artificial respiration immediately Skin contact When poisoning results from contact with or absorption through the skin, remove all contaminated clothing at once, preferably under a safety shower and flush the affected areas with plenty of water. After through removal of the chemical, keep the patient warm, preferably lying down and send for medical treatment. Swallowing When poisoning is caused due to swallowing, swift action is necessary, if the patient is vomiting give him warm water to drink freely, to aid in vomiting, and to dilute any chemical retained in the stomach. Never induce vomiting when the poison is suspected to be corrosive: dilute the poison by giving large amounts of water (Note: Corrosives cause yellow or grey burns on the lips and the skin) After the stomach has been evacuated by free vomiting, keep the patient warm, preferably lying down and watch for symptoms of shock. In case of sever poisoning, if breathing has stopped, start artificial respiration and continue till the doctor takes charge Unconscious patient The following medical air is even more urgent for the type of emergency, while help is being sought Lay the patient on his stomach, head to one side, mouth open, with head unsupported this allows any vomit to escape through the mouth and prevents it from falling down the wind pipe into the lungs To leave an unconscious patient on his back may cause his death If breathing fails or becomes slow or irregular, start artificial respiration at once and continue until medical air arrives Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious patient. Always remember that a case of poisoning is a REAL MEDICAL EMERGENCY and that while you are giving the above treatment, someone else must simultaneously take steps obtain prompt medical air or transport to the medical center Snake bites If possible assess the nature of snake poisonous or non-poisonous form patient or nearly witnesses Immediately tic rope/handkerchief etc. at the upper side of snakebite to minimize poison spreading all over the body. Shift to hospital for symptomatic treatment KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | APRIL 2015 220 WELSPUN INDIA LTD., KUTCH 8 EIA, EMP, RA & DMP FOR ONSHORE TREATED WASTE WATER DISPOSAL PIPELINE FOR 25 MLD CAPACITY PROJECT BENEFITS PROJECT BENEFITS The benefits accrued due to the proposed project are summerised below: Elimination of pollution of estuary waters due to disposal of untreated sewage. Thus improving the environment at large in the estuary portion of Nakti creek. Treated waste water along with the rejects from RO will be disposed of into sea matching the sea disposal norms. Treated waters will be diffused through a scientifically designed diffuser system into deep marine waters as per NIO recommendations and not disposed in the estuary / creek portion. Fresh Water Conservation – Additional requirement will be fulfilled by recycling treated sewage waters. Conservation of fresh water sources will provide sustainable water infrastructure to surrounding villages and locals, other industries of the region. The proposed activity will generate indirect employment in the surrounding area due to requirement of workers in the site preparation activities, supply of materials, auxiliary and ancilliary works, which whould marginally improve the economic status of the people. The activities whould result in an increase local skill levels through exposure to site activities and technology. KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | APRIL 2015 221 WELSPUN INDIA LTD., KUTCH EIA, EMP, RA & DMP FOR ONSHORE TREATED WASTE WATER DISPOSAL PIPELINE FOR 25 MLD CAPACITY ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN 9 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN 9.1 Introduction 9.1.1 General The Environmental Management Plan (EMP) describes both generic good practice measures and site specific measures, the implementation of which is aimed at mitigating potential adverse impacts associated with the proposed activities. EMP describes the measures for minimizing impacts that are likely to arise during different phases of the project such as pre-construction, construction and operation. The measures have been suggested for various stages involved in the construction of a pipeline viz. clearing (if required), trenching, stringing, bending, welding, joint coating, lowering-in, concreting – cast in situ / precast, backfilling, fabrication and tie-ins, hydrostatic testing and restoration. 9.1.2 Purpose of EMP The EMP provides a delivery mechanism to address potential adverse impacts, to instruct contractors and to introduce standards of good practice to be adopted for all project works. For each stage of the programme, the EMP lists the requirements to ensure effective mitigation of potential biophysical and socio-economic impact identified in the EIA. For each impact or operation that could otherwise give rise to another impact, the following information is presented: A comprehensive listing of the mitigation measures (actions) that WIL will implement. The parameters that will be monitored to ensure effective implementation of the action. The timing for implementation of the action to ensure that the objectives of mitigation are fully met. Welspun is committed to the adoption of these measures and will carry out ongoing inspection to ensure their implementation and effectiveness by its contractors. 9.2 Legislative Compliance The obligations that need to fulfill during the construction and operation phase of the pipeline are summarized in Table 9-1 Table 9-1: Obligations of Project Proponent under Environmental Legislations Sr. No. 1. Acts and Rules Obligation The Water [Prevention and Control Of Pollution] Act – 1974 and Rules there under Section - 25/26 Restriction on discharge of effluent To obtain a valid No Objection Certificate (NOC) / Consent to Establish before commencement of construction and then obtain and Water Consent to Operate (its amendment) before the commencement of pipeline operations. Not to permit any poisonous toxic matter to enter in to any stream, sewer, land, storm water drain. 2. The Air [Prevention and Control Of Pollution] Act – 1981 and Rules there under Section - 21 Restriction on discharge of gaseous emissions To obtain a valid No Objection Certificate (NOC) / Consent to Establish before commencement of construction and Consolidated consent conditions (Water, Air and Solid – as above) to Operate before the commencement of pipeline operations 3. The Water [Prevention and Control Of Pollution] Cess Act-1977 as amended in 2003 and Rules there under. Will continue to remain applicable KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | APRIL 2015 222 WELSPUN INDIA LTD., KUTCH Sr. No. 4. EIA, EMP, RA & DMP FOR ONSHORE TREATED WASTE WATER DISPOSAL PIPELINE FOR 25 MLD CAPACITY ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN Acts and Rules Obligation The Environment [Protection] Act – 1986, amended in 1991 and Rules. To meet emission, effluent and ambient environmental quality standards specified in the Rules. To ensure that minimum height of stack to be provided with each generator using the following formula: H = 14 Q0.3 Where H = Total height of stack in meter Q = Emission rate of SO2 in kg/hr 5. Environment (Protection) second Amendment Rules, 2002 To comply with the Environment (Protection) second Amendment Rules, 2002, Sub section 94: The maximum permissible sound level for diesel Generator (DG) sets, shall be 75 dB (A), at 1 meter from the enclosure surface. 6. The Hazardous Wastes [Management and Handling] Rules – 1989 as amended in 2009 and its latest ammendments To obtain authorization from SPCBs for handling and disposal of Hazardous wastes, if any. 7. Manufacture, Storage and Import of Hazardous Chemicals 1989 and amended in 2009. To identify the hazardous chemicals, which can cause major accidents and to store Hazardous Chemicals as per provision of these rules. 8. Public Liability Insurance Act – 1991, Rules there under. To obtain public liability insurance policy 9. Central Motor Vehicle Act – 1988 and Rules there under. To obtain and maintain PUC certificate for transport vehicles 10. Noise Pollution Regulation and Control rules, 2000. The ambient noise levels in the premises are maintained below the prescribed limits. 11. The Petroleum and Minerals, Pipelines (Acquisition of Right of User in Land) Act, 1962 The pipeline RoU will be acquired as per these rules. Marginal clearance of vegetation along the RoU will require being compensated as per the provisions of the state government, including provisions relating to compensatory afforestation, as applicable. 9.3 Environmental Management Plan Environmental Management Plan covering mitigation measures to be adopted and sets out how they will be implemented in terms of monitoring and timing is given in below Table 9-2. Table 9-2: Environmental Management Plan S. No. Potential Impact Action Parameters for Monitoring Timing 1 Route Finalization and Land Acquisition for ROW/ROU It will be ensured that all necessary protocols are followed and legal requirements implemented. Check list of legal documents and legal compliance registers / documents. Pre-deployment of topographic survey team or site clearance crew. KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | APRIL 2015 223 WELSPUN INDIA LTD., KUTCH S. No. EIA, EMP, RA & DMP FOR ONSHORE TREATED WASTE WATER DISPOSAL PIPELINE FOR 25 MLD CAPACITY Potential Impact Action ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN Parameters for Monitoring Timing During finalization of route among various feasible options, specific attention will be given to guidelines / requirements / recommendation of SPCB, DOE – State Government, Forest Conservation Act and Rules. 2 3 4 5 Soil Erosion Habitat disturbance of flora and fauna Drainage and Effluent Management Fuels and Lubricants Management Area extent of site clearance will be minimized by staying within the defined boundaries. Site boundaries not extended / breached. Prior to onset of site clearance. Topsoil stockpile will be protected wherever possible at edge of site. Effective cover in place. Duration of programme until demobilization. Site boundaries will be marked. Clear boundaries marks in place. Prior to commencement of site clearance. For cleared area, topsoil will be retained in stockpile where possible on perimeter of site for subsequent respreading onsite during restoration. Topsoil stockpile in place on site edge. Duration of programme until demobilization. All bulldozer operators involved in site preparation will be trained to observe the defined site boundaries. Maintenance of integrity of boundary markers. Duration of site preparation. Areas will be protected whenever there are crossings. Permissions for crossings To avoid any type of contamination/ discharge in the surroundings Control of traffic and taking necessary permissions to work At time of laying pipeline across rivers / road and railways. Ensure drainage system and specific design measures are working effectively. Design of pipelines to incorporate existing drainage pattern and avoid disturbing the same. Duration of programme on continuous basis Wastewater like sewage and industrial effluent generated will be treated as per SPCB norms before disposal. Properly operate and maintain the Common ETP so that final treated waste water to sea disposal is ensured meeting the prescribed marine disposal norms. Strict inventory of all fuels and lubricants brought to the site will be maintained. Upto-date inventory in place. KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | APRIL 2015 Duration of programme on continuous basis 224 WELSPUN INDIA LTD., KUTCH S. No. 6 EIA, EMP, RA & DMP FOR ONSHORE TREATED WASTE WATER DISPOSAL PIPELINE FOR 25 MLD CAPACITY Potential Impact Waste Management ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN Action Parameters for Monitoring Timing All fuels and lubricants will be placed in Proper storage area. Integrity of storage area Duration of programme All used and unused lubricants no longer required, will be transported offsite. Used lubricants/oil will be sent to authorize reprocessors. Low inventory (or absence) of used / unused lubricants no longer required onsite. Duration of programme Waste management plan will be implemented that identifies and characterizes every waste arising from the proposed activities and also identifies the procedures for collection, handling and disposal of each waste. Major wastes identified include (but may not be limited to) waste oils, packing and cleaning materials, miscellaneous scrap, waste oil and sewage. Comprehensive Waste Management Plan in place and available for inspection on-site. Hazardous waste disposal records. Prior to site clearance. Solid waste is to be disposed of by sanitary land filling method at a site approved by the State Pollution Board. Duration of Programme 7 Site Contamination Installation of impervious liners (e.g.; clay, concrete) in place for: fuel, lubricants and wastes generated during pipeline construction. Evidence of protective measures in place Daily throughout the duration of programme. 8 Water consumption and disposal and related impacts Water consumption will be optimized and water reuse will be attempted. Quantity of water consumed and wastewater generated Construction and commissioning of pipelines No untreated discharge will be made to watercourse, ground water or soil. No discharge hoses in vicinity of watercourses. Duration of programme with particular emphasis during site layout design and site construction as well as operation of pipeline. Wastewater generated will be treated as per SPCB norms before the disposal into sea. As per consent condition given by SPCB During the operation of pipeline List of all noise generating machinery onsite along with age will be maintained. Equipment maintained in good working order. Written record of maintenance for all equipment. List of age of all plant deployed under contract will be recorded. Prior to commencement of work by contractors. Written record of maintenance for all equipment. Night working will be minimized. Working hour records Construction activities Generation of vehicular noise will be minimized. Maintenance records of vehicles Construction activities 9 Noise and Vibration KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | APRIL 2015 225 WELSPUN INDIA LTD., KUTCH S. No. 10 11 EIA, EMP, RA & DMP FOR ONSHORE TREATED WASTE WATER DISPOSAL PIPELINE FOR 25 MLD CAPACITY Potential Impact Air Emissions River Hydraulics ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN Action Parameters for Monitoring Timing Good working practices (equipment selection and siting) will be implemented to minimize noise and also reduce its impacts on human health (ear muffs, safe distances and enclosures). No machinery running when not required. Duration of programme Acoustic mufflers / enclosures for Gas Turbine Compressors, DG sets) Mufflers / enclosures in place. All equipment will be operated within specified design parameters. (Construction and operational phases for all activities). Proper maintenance of equipments to minimize the emissions Vehicle trips will be minimized to the extent possible. Vehicle logs Any dry, dusty materials (chemicals, etc ;) will be stored in sealed containers. Open containers of dusty materials. Compaction of soil during pipeline laying and other construction activities. Construction logs Construction activities, laying of pipelines DG sets will be provided with adequate stack height. Stack monitoring During operation of DG sets Diesel shall be utilized as a fuel in the DG Sets. Quantity of fuel consumption Duration of Programme Construction shall be expedited and use of equipment and mainline construction activities within rivers shall be limited to minimum. Comprehensive Management Plan in place Construction activities and laying of pipelines The provisions of the Emergency Response Plan will be monitored. Programme duration Duration of programme. River crossings will be constructed as parallel to the axis of the river as far as practicable without any obstruction to water way. All material and structures related to construction shall be cleared from the river and it's vicinity after construction. Spill prevention and control measures shall be taken. No storage of oil or lubricants shall be located near river or drains feeding the rivers. 12 Non-routine events and accidental releases. Emergency Response Plan will be drawn up. KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | APRIL 2015 226 WELSPUN INDIA LTD., KUTCH S. No. EIA, EMP, RA & DMP FOR ONSHORE TREATED WASTE WATER DISPOSAL PIPELINE FOR 25 MLD CAPACITY Potential Impact ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN Action Parameters for Monitoring Timing Utmost care will be taken during the operation of pipelines and ensuring prompt detection of leaks. Pipeline monitoring records Programme duration 13 Emergency preparedness, such as fire fighting Fire protection and safety measures to take care of fire and explosion hazards, will be assessed and steps taken for their prevention. Mock drill records, on site emergency plan, evacuation plan During operation phase 14 Environmental Management Unit/Cell The Environmental Management Cell/Unit will be set upto ensure implementation and monitoring of environmental safeguards and other conditions stipulated by statutory authorities. A Letter from management indicating formation of Environment Management Cell Duration of Programme 9.4 Greenbelt Management 9.4.1 General Principles in Greenbelt Design General principles in greenbelt design considered for this study are: Agro-climatic zone Water quantity and quality available in the area Soil quality in the area Greenbelt is designed to minimize the predicted levels of the possible air and noise pollutants. To ensure a permanent green shield around the periphery planting is recommended. Native and fast growing trees (which grows upto 10-15m) with maturity period of around three years shall be planted at 3.0 meter interval along with fast growing ground covers to enhance the water holding capacity, improve the organic content and check the soil erosion. Table 9-3: Details of Recommended Plant species for Greenbelt Development Sr. No. Scientific Name Local Name TREES AND SHRUBS 1 Tamarindus indica Amli 2 Cassia auriculata Aval 3 Acacia nilotica Baval 4 Zizyphus sp. Bor 5 Acacia planifrons Chatri Baval 6 Prosopis juliflora Gando Baval 7 Cordia dichotoma Gundi 8 Balanites aegyptica Ingori 9 Euphorbia nivulia Kanthoro Thor 10 Capparis aphylla Kerdo 11 Prosopis cineraria Khijado 12 Azadirachta indica Limdo 13 Calotropis gigantia Moto Akdo KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | APRIL 2015 227 WELSPUN INDIA LTD., KUTCH EIA, EMP, RA & DMP FOR ONSHORE TREATED WASTE WATER DISPOSAL PIPELINE FOR 25 MLD CAPACITY ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN Sr. No. Scientific Name Local Name 14 Moringa oleifera Sargawo 15 Ficus benghalensis Vad 16 Sygygium cumunii Jambu 17 Cassia fistula Garmalo 18 Cocos nucifera Coconut 19 Phoenix species Palm 20 Nerium indicum Karen 21 Delonix regia Gulmohar 22 Ficus sp. - 23 Bongainvillea spectabilis Bougainvel 24 Cuscuta reflexa Amarvel 25 Tinospora cordifolia Galo 26 Celastrus paniculata Malkankan 27 Sorghum halepense Baru 28 Cynodon dactylon Daro 29 Cymbopogon jwarancusa Gandharu 30 Dichanthium annulatum Jinjavo 31 Apluda mutica Bhangoru 32 Themeda cymbaria Ratad 33 Avicennia marina Cher 34 Rhizophora mucronata Karod GRASSES MANGROVES KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | APRIL 2015 228 WELSPUN INDIA LTD., KUTCH EIA, EMP, RA & DMP FOR ONSHORE TREATED WASTE WATER DISPOSAL PIPELINE FOR 25 MLD CAPACITY 10 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS 10.1 Summary of Impacts SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS Due to the temporary nature of the pipeline laying/construction operations most impacts, are likely to be short term. The impacts that shall be most significant and of primary concern are summarized in the subsequent section. 10.2 10.3 Impact due to Pipeline Route Selection Completely avoiding areas covered in the EIA Notification 2006, namely national parks / sanctuaries / coral reefs and notified ecologically sensitive areas. Safety of people, environment, property and maintenance of ecological balance. Safe operations and control including easy access for maintenance since pipeline alignment is laid along the road and approaches. Minimizing or avoiding contact with mangroves, forests, mines, and military areas. Avoiding / minimizing rocky, marshy and cultivated areas. Favourable ground profile and hydraulic gradients. Minimum rail, road, nallahs, canals and stream crossings. Shortest possible route after considering above factors, thereby reducing overall risk. Easy access to the route during construction, operation and maintenance of pipeline. Impacts during Construction of the Pipeline Earth work excavation, embankment formation, transport of construction materials, handling, laying and jointing of pipelines - These activities would cause a general increase in levels of dust and suspended particulate matter in the ambient air. However, this increase in concentration would be of temporary nature and localized. Impact from sediments being washed into the water bodies while the pipeline is laid across them. The pipeline will not be laid in rainy season, which will avoid adverse impacts on water body. Drinking water for base camps will be made available through tankers. The domestic sewage from the construction camps will be disposed in soak-pits and septic tanks. Water consumption during hydro-testing of pipeline - Efficient use of water will be made to reuse the test water in different test sections. Water will be sourced from nearest sources along the pipeline route, without unduly disturbing its normal users. The pipeline will be buried all along its length hence impact on landuse pattern will be marginal and reversible. Some quantity of earth excavated for pipeline laying will become surplus after installation of the pipeline and may be required for disposal. However as this excess of earth will be taken to low lying area for filling purpose, the aesthetics of the pipeline RoU and soil quality will not be affected. Noise Generation - The major human settlements are at a distance from the pipeline route where the noise levels due to construction activities are estimated to be around 70-90 dB(A). Such onetime exposure is not expected to last for more than few weeks and shall not exceed the stipulated standards. The selection of the pipeline route has been done in such a way that there are no eco-sensitive areas which may be affected during the construction of the pipeline. KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | APRIL 2015 229 WELSPUN INDIA LTD., KUTCH SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS The probability of leak from a pipeline is very remote as the material of selection has high amount of flexibility and elasticity and can easily adapt to ground level contours. Moreover the pipeline joints are leak proof as they are monolilthic welded joints. Below ground pipeline route will not have any disturbances / changes / impacts due to human interventions. Employment generation during the construction activity which will have beneficial impact on local peoples. 10.4 EIA, EMP, RA & DMP FOR ONSHORE TREATED WASTE WATER DISPOSAL PIPELINE FOR 25 MLD CAPACITY Impacts during Operation of the Pipeline No air emissions will be generated during the operation phase except at Pumping stations. Adequate stack height will be provided for DG sets at Pumping stations. Thus the impact on air environment during the operation phase will be minimal. The Pumping stations will be kept in a built-in-area that will reduce the noise level to minimum. The exhaust will be affixed with acoustic enclosures to reduce the noise level from the DG sets on site. The incremental noise level due to the proposed operations will be minimal. Surface water quality will be improved due to treated wastewater disposal into deep sea and most importantly the untreated sewage water disposal to creek is stopped. There will be no significant impact on ecological environment during the operational phase of the project and the treated waste water is being disposed off into deep sea at specified disposal point where sufficient dilution is available. 10.5 Mitigation and Environmental Management Plan 10.5.1 General The mitigation measures to reduce environmental impacts, described in this EIA, can be divided into the following categories: Those which can be regarded as good working practice. Project decisions taken by Welspun with environmental protection in mind. Such measures are designed to avoid, eliminate or reduce potential impacts that may occur to the environment in the course of the proposed activities. They are described in detail in Chapter 4. 10.5.2 Post Project Monitoring Programme The implementation of mitigation measures during construction and operation phases will be monitored. The monitoring plan would provide for periodic revision, if necessary in light of the baseline status to indicate progress in project implementation and changing environmental conditions so as to provide a basis for evaluation of project impacts. The post monitoring programme during operation phase would include the following: Regular and adequate surveillance/inspection of pipeline particularly at crossings, close to transport network and settlements and upto landfall point. Leakage identification, if any and arresting the leakages with a minimum possible time. Regular Treated Water Quality monitoring with online meters as well as laboratory analysis results. Proper records will be maintained. Water quality monitoring at the outfall location twice in a year. Regular Flow Measurements will be recorded made at the WIL premises as well as the Pumping Station location. KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | APRIL 2015 230 WELSPUN INDIA LTD., KUTCH 10.6 EIA, EMP, RA & DMP FOR ONSHORE TREATED WASTE WATER DISPOSAL PIPELINE FOR 25 MLD CAPACITY SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS Conclusions The most positive impact of the proposed pipeline project is improvement of water quality of surface water of Nakti Creek and the drainages and general environment at large. No any Eco sensitive areas excluding mangroves as well Eco sensitive zone is covered in entire Pipeline route. The negative impacts during the construction period are very minimal and which is temporary. The entire stretch of the creek and marine environment will be protected and will have a positive impact on the fields, flora and fauna. The mangroves will not be affected. Temporary disruption of mangroves will occur but since pipeline is buried the mangroves will regenerate. Due to stoppage of untreated sewage waters to creek, this will have a positive impact on the protection of mangroves and also aqauatic life. Thus, it can be concluded on a positive note that after the implementation of mitigation measures and EMP, the proposed activities of the project will have negligible impact on environment and will benefit the local people and environment at large. 10.6.1 Overall Postiive Impact due to proposed Pipeline Project 1. Reduction of pollution of estuary waters due to disposal of untreated sewage. Thus improving the environment at large in the estuary portion of Nakti creek and the drainage discharges. 2. Treated waste water along with the rejects from RO will be disposed of into sea matching the sea disposal norms. 3. Treated waters will be diffused through a scientifically designed diffuser system into deep marine waters as per NIO recommendations and not disposed in the estuary / creek portion. 4. Fresh Water Conservation – Additional requirement will be fulfilled by recycling treated sewage waters. Conservation of fresh water sources will provide sustainable water infrastructure to surrounding villages and locals, other industries of the region. KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | APRIL 2015 231 WELSPUN INDIA LTD., KUTCH 11 EIA, EMP, RA & DMP FOR ONSHORE TREATED WASTE WATER DISPOSAL PIPELINE FOR 25 MLD CAPACITY DISCLOSURE OF CONSULTANTS DISCLOSURE OF CONSULTANTS 11.1 Brief Resume and Nature of Consultancy Rendered by Kadam Environmental Consultants Kadam Environmental Consultants (KEC) was established in 1981 and has more than 3 decades of varied experience in the field of environment. The mission of company is providing sustainable solutions on “Environment for Development”. The company has a dedicated and experienced team of more than 200 technical staff. The team comprise of Environmental Planners and Engineers, Chemical and Civil Engineers, Geologist, SocioEconomic Experts, Microbiologists, Zoologists, Botanists and Industrial/Analytical Chemists. The company’s strength lies in Project Management, Performing Risk Assessment, Formulating Environmental Disaster Plans, Use of Satellite Imagery in Impact Assessment, Use of Mathematical Models for Air, Water and Soil Assessment and Expertise in Public Consultation. The company has two sister concerns namely: Kadam Pollution Control Pvt. Ltd dealing in operation and maintenance contracts of sewage, effluent and water treatment plants, Kadam Projects dealing in supply of Effluent and Sewage treatment plants on turnkey basis. Customer services are mainly categorized into: Consultancy services in the field of environmental impact assessment, environmental site assessment and due diligence, Enviro legal services, statutory environmental audits/ statements, risk assessments and HAZOP, energy audit, environmental health and safety management systems and waste management systems. Engineering Services for collection and conveyance of liquid and solid wastes, designing and executing effluent and sewage treatment plants, municipal solid waste studies and solid waste management systems, bio gas plants, rain water harvesting systems and deep sea marine disposal systems, Remediation work etc. Laboratory services in chemical and waste testing, microbiology, soil testing and Field sampling (we have amongst the highest number of environmental field sampling equipment amongst environmental companies in the country). The company has a well-equipped laboratory with modern instruments and experienced staff catering to the need of statutory and advisory environmental testing for air, water and wastewater and hazardous solid waste. Laboratory has received NABL Accreditation. The group has a varied industrial clientele encompassing Indian and Multinational Companies covering the industrial and services spectrum viz. Bulk Drugs and Pharmaceuticals, Paints, Chemicals, Oil and Gas, Real Estate, Hospitality and Infrastructure sectors. Whilst the heart of our clientele encompasses the top 50/Blue Chip Indian companies ( Reliance Industries, ONGC, Infosys, ITC, ICICI, Indian Oil, GAIL, GSPC/GSPL, Sun Pharma, NTPC, Reliance Energy/Reliance Power, Welspun and many others) who have placed implicit trust in us over the decades. We are increasingly working with several multinationals (such as : ABB, Alstom , Areva , GM, Hindustan Lever, Honeywell, Kohler, Sabic and Tyco amongst others) who value our deep rooted general domain and India centric functional knowledge, reasonable costs and comparable services as those offered by our multinational competitors. Their continued patronage is our biggest testimonial. The Group has branch offices at Delhi and other places in Gujarat. KEC has received ISO 9001:2008 certification for its Quality Management System. The company is accredited for 27 sectors by NABET, Quality Council of India under EIA accreditation scheme as per mandatory requirement of the MOEF, Govt. of India for carrying out Environmental KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | APRIL 2015 232 WELSPUN INDIA LTD., KUTCH EIA, EMP, RA & DMP FOR ONSHORE TREATED WASTE WATER DISPOSAL PIPELINE FOR 25 MLD CAPACITY DISCLOSURE OF CONSULTANTS Clearance studies. It has approved EIA coordinators and Functional Area Experts for undertaking Environmental and related studies in eleven approved sectors. Kadam’s laboratory is accredited with NABL and also gazette by MoEF under EP Act. 11.2 EIA Team Members Work presented in this report was carried out by KEC team with active co-operation from Welspun. The project was carried out under the overall guidance of Mr. Anand Kunte (Project Manager) Welspun team members include: Shri Asim Chakarvorty (Director) Mr. Chotubhai Chaudhari – (Project Coordinator) Dr. Rameshkumar KT (Sr. GM - Environment) Mr Dhananjay Saha Mr. Chirag Thakkar (Officer-Environment) KEC team members include: Mr. Anand Kunte (Project Manager) Ms. Jitixa Upadhyay (EIA Coordinator, Team Member, Risk and DMP) Ms. Rutuja Malap (Project Engineer for Design, Environmental Engineer/Team Member for EIA) Mrs. Sheetal Kadam (Director, FAE-LU) Ms. Kundan Ajudiya (Team Member for EIA, Chemical Engineer) Ms. Parul Patel (Team member for AP & AQ) Mr. Jayesh Gajjar (Draftsman) Mr. Mahendra K. Jadhav (Field Monitoring In charge; Environmental Scientist) Mr Manjay (Field Chemist) Mr. R. G. Kotashthane (Chief Chemist) Ms. Vaishali Patel (Sr. Chemist) Mr. Viraj Vyas (Draftsman) KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | APRIL 2015 233 WELSPUN INDIA LTD.,KUTCH EIA, EMP, RA & DMP FOR ONSHORE TREATED WASTE WATER DISPOSAL PIPELINE OF 25 MLD CAPACITY ANNEXURES ANNEXURES KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | APRIL 2015 234 WELSPUN INDIA LTD.,KUTCH EIA, EMP, RA & DMP FOR ONSHORE TREATED WASTE WATER DISPOSAL PIPELINE OF 25 MLD CAPACITY ANNEXURES Annexure 1: Consent for Welspun India Limited (Textile Division) KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | APRIL 2015 235 WELSPUN INDIA LTD.,KUTCH EIA, EMP, RA & DMP FOR ONSHORE TREATED WASTE WATER DISPOSAL PIPELINE OF 25 MLD CAPACITY KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | APRIL 2015 ANNEXURES 236 WELSPUN INDIA LTD.,KUTCH EIA, EMP, RA & DMP FOR ONSHORE TREATED WASTE WATER DISPOSAL PIPELINE OF 25 MLD CAPACITY KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | APRIL 2015 ANNEXURES 237 WELSPUN INDIA LTD.,KUTCH EIA, EMP, RA & DMP FOR ONSHORE TREATED WASTE WATER DISPOSAL PIPELINE OF 25 MLD CAPACITY KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | APRIL 2015 ANNEXURES 238 WELSPUN INDIA LTD.,KUTCH EIA, EMP, RA & DMP FOR ONSHORE TREATED WASTE WATER DISPOSAL PIPELINE OF 25 MLD CAPACITY KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | APRIL 2015 ANNEXURES 239 WELSPUN INDIA LTD.,KUTCH EIA, EMP, RA & DMP FOR ONSHORE TREATED WASTE WATER DISPOSAL PIPELINE OF 25 MLD CAPACITY ANNEXURES Annexure 2: Concession Agreement for 35 year with Nagarpalika. KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | APRIL 2015 240 WELSPUN INDIA LTD.,KUTCH EIA, EMP, RA & DMP FOR ONSHORE TREATED WASTE WATER DISPOSAL PIPELINE OF 25 MLD CAPACITY KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | APRIL 2015 ANNEXURES 241 WELSPUN INDIA LTD.,KUTCH EIA, EMP, RA & DMP FOR ONSHORE TREATED WASTE WATER DISPOSAL PIPELINE OF 25 MLD CAPACITY KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | APRIL 2015 ANNEXURES 242 WELSPUN INDIA LTD.,KUTCH EIA, EMP, RA & DMP FOR ONSHORE TREATED WASTE WATER DISPOSAL PIPELINE OF 25 MLD CAPACITY KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | APRIL 2015 ANNEXURES 243 WELSPUN INDIA LTD.,KUTCH EIA, EMP, RA & DMP FOR ONSHORE TREATED WASTE WATER DISPOSAL PIPELINE OF 25 MLD CAPACITY ANNEXURES Annexure 3: Treatability cum Adequacy Report of ETP and STP KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | APRIL 2015 244 WELSPUN INDIA LTD., ANJAR, KUTCH Feasibility & Treatability cum Adequacy Study Report for Common ETP, its Augmentation and New STP APRIL 2015 Kadam Environmental Consultants www.kadamenviro.com Environment for Development WELSPUN INDIA LIMITED, ANJAR, KUTCH FEASIBILITY & TREATABILITY CUM ADEQUACY STUDY REPORT QUALITY SHEET WELSPUN INDIA LIMITED Feasibility & Treatability cum Adequacy Study Report for Common ETP, its Augmentation and New STP © Kadam Environmental Consultants (‘Kadam’), April, 2015 This report is released for the use of the Welspun India Limited, Regulators and relevant stakeholders solely as part of the subject project’s CTE application and EIA for CRZ clearance process. Information provided (unless attributed to referenced third parties) is otherwise copyrighted and shall not be used for any other purpose without the written consent of Kadam. PROJECT DETAILS Name of Publication Feasibility & Treatability cum Adequacy Study Report for Common ETP, its Augmentation and New STP of Welspun India Limited located at Anjar. Project Number 1419588352 Prepared By Kundan Ajudiya Checked and Approved By Anand Kunte Report No. Version 5 Released By (Director) 0 Released April, 2015 Sameer Kadam CONTACT DETAILS Vadodara (Head Office) 871/B/3, GIDC Makarpura, Vadodara, India – 390 010. E: kadamenviro@kadamenviro.com; T:+91-265-3001000; F: +91 265 300106 DISCLAIMER Kadam has taken all reasonable precautions in the preparation of this report as per its auditable quality plan. Kadam also believes that the facts presented in the report are accurate as on the date it was written. However, it is impossible to dismiss absolutely, the possibility of errors or omissions. Kadam therefore specifically disclaims any liability resulting from the use or application of the information contained in this report. The information is not intended to serve as legal advice related to the individual situation. KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | APRIL 2015 1 WELSPUN INDIA LIMITED, ANJAR, KUTCH FEASIBILITY & TREATABILITY CUM ADEQUACY STUDY REPORT TABLE OF CONTENT TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 INTRODUCTION & BACKGROUND OF PROJECT ............................................................... 4 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 BACKGROUND – ABOUT THE CLIENT ................................................................................. 4 PRODUCTION PROCESS AND ZERO DISCHARGE FACILITY AT WELSPUN INDIA LTD ..................................... 4 EXISTING & PROPOSED MODE OF TREATED WASTEWATER DISPOSAL ................................................. 4 NEED FOR CHANGE OF DISPOSAL MODE OF TREATED WASTEWATER BY WIL.......................................... 5 PROJECT CONCEPT: ................................................................................................. 5 2 DESCRIPTION OF COMMON ETP, ITS AUGMENTATION, TREATABILITY & ADEQUACY EVALUATION .......................................................................................................................... 7 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 EXISTING DESIGN FLOW OF COMMON ETP .......................................................................... 7 EXISTING DESIGN BASIS COMMON ETP ............................................................................. 7 TREATMENT UNITS OF COMMON ETP ............................................................................... 7 EXISTING TREATMENT SCHEME DESCRIPTION OF COMMON ETP ...................................................... 8 PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF EXISTING COMMON ETP........................................................... 12 2.5.1 Treated Effluent Quality observed at the outlet of Common ETP on daily basis ................. 13 2.6 TREATABILITY OF COMMON ETP .................................................................................. 18 2.7 ADEQUACY OF EXISTING COMMON ETP AND PROPOSED AUGMENTATIONS .......................................... 18 3 DESCRIPTION OF PROPOSED STP, TREATABILITY & ADEQUACY EVALUATION............ 20 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 4 20 20 21 21 23 24 25 CHARACTERSTICS OF OUTLET FOR SEA DISPOSAL PIPELINE PROJECT ....................... 26 4.1 4.2 4.3 5 DESIGN FLOW OF STP ............................................................................................ INLET DESIGN BASIS OF STP - 30 MLD CAPACITY ................................................................. DESIGN OUTLET CHARACTERSTICS OF STP - 30 MLD CAPACITY ................................................... DESCRIPTION OF UNITS OF STP .................................................................................. LIST OF CIVIL UNITS OF PROPOSED STP .......................................................................... TREATABILITY OF PROPOSED STP ................................................................................. ADEQUACY OF PROPOSED STP .................................................................................... CHARACTERSTICS OF COMMON ETP – INLET AND OUTLET ......................................................... 26 CHARACTERSTICS OF STP – OUTLET AND RO REJECTS ............................................................ 26 COMBINED CHARACTERSTICS OF ETP OUTLET AND STP RO REJECTS .............................................. 27 CONCLUSIONS ............................................................................................................... 28 KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS |OCTOBER 2014 2 WELSPUN INDIA LIMITED, ANJAR, KUTCH FEASIBILITY & TREATABILITY CUM ADEQUACY STUDY REPORT TABLE OF CONTENT LIST OF TABLES Table 1-1: Products Manufactured & Quantity at WIL premises .......................................................... 4 Table 2-1: Design Basis for Common ETP at WIL premises ................................................................ 7 Table 2-2: List of civil units with dimensions in Existing Common ETP ................................................ 7 Table 2-3: Inlet and outlet characteristics of Existing Common ETP as a part of performance evaluation study. .........................................................................................................................12 Table 2-4: Treated Effluent Quality for Final Outlet – Summary of Results of Year 2013 .....................14 Table 2-5: Treated Effluent Quality for Final Outlet – Summary of Results of Year 2014 .....................15 Table 2-6: Treated Effluent Quality for Final Outlet – Summary of Results of Year 2013 – Third Party Analysis .......................................................................................................................16 Table 2-7: Treated Effluent Quality for Final Outlet – Summary of Results of Year 2014 – Third Party Analysis .......................................................................................................................17 Table 2-8: Percentage Reduction / Treatability of common ETP ........................................................18 Table 2-9: Adequacy of existing Common ETP and its augmentation .................................................18 Table 3-1: Design Inlet Characteristics of Proposed STP ...................................................................20 Table 3-2: Design Outlet Characteristics of Proposed STP .................................................................21 Table 3-3: List of Civil Units of Proposed STP ..................................................................................24 Table 3-4: Percentage Reduction / Treatability of Proposed STP .......................................................24 Table 3-5: Adequacy of Proposed STP of 30 MLD capacity ................................................................25 Table 4-1: Inlet and Outlet of Common ETP of WIL .........................................................................26 Table 4-2: Outlet of Proposed STP and RO Reject Waters of WIL ......................................................26 Table 4-3: Characterstics of Common ETP outlet and Sea Discharge pipeline combined outlet compared with CPCB Standards for Marine Discharge .....................................................................27 KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS |OCTOBER 2014 3 WELSPUN INDIA LIMITED, ANJAR, KUTCH FEASIBILITY & TREATABILITY CUM ADEQUACY STUDY REPORT INTRODUCTION 1 INTRODUCTION & BACKGROUND OF PROJECT 1.1 Background – About the Client Welspun City, situated in Anjar Town, is a diversified manufacturing base spread over 2500 acres, which was established in 2004. It presently employs more than 25,000 locals at its facility in Anjar. The Welspun Group of Companies harbors the following companies at its Anjar facility: 1.2 Welspun Corp Ltd (Plate and Pipeline), Welspun India Ltd (Textile Division) & Welspun Steel Ltd (Sponge Iron Plant with Captive Power Plant) Welspun Captive Power Generation Ltd (Power Plant) Welspun Gujarat Stahl Rohen Ltd – (Standby Power Plant) Production Process and Zero Discharge Facility at Welspun India Ltd Welspun India Limited (WIL) is the major effluent generation unit as it manufactures textiles terry towels and has a state of the art Common Effluent Treatment Plant with Zero Discharge facility leading to recycling and reuse of treated waste waters. The industrial effluent generated form the entire Welspun city is treated in common ETP followed by RO & MEE with ZLD system. The production details of Welspun India Ltd (WIL) is given in below table . Table 1-1: Products Manufactured & Quantity at WIL premises Sr. No Products Total Quantity 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Terry Towels Bed Sheets Cotton Yarn Fiber Yarn Cotton Tarpaulin Garments Knitted Garments 4830 MT/M 9100000 Meters/M 3720 MT/M 2333 MT/M 418 MT/M 100000 Pcs/M 900000 Pcs/M The production process involves bleaching, dyeing & finishing operations of Terry towel, printing and finishing of the material. 1.3 Existing & Proposed Mode of Treated wastewater Disposal Currently the Welspun India Limited have a ZLD facility. The treated effluent from the common ETP will be further treated by UF/RO and MEE and totally recycled and reused in plant premises. Now WIL intend treated water disposal into deep sea after tertiary treatment in Common ETP with norms specified for sea disposal. KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | APRIL 2015 4 WELSPUN INDIA LIMITED, ANJAR, KUTCH 1.4 FEASIBILITY & TREATABILITY CUM ADEQUACY STUDY REPORT INTRODUCTION Need for Change of Disposal Mode of Treated wastewater by WIL Currently the total water demand for Welspun city is around 16.4 MLD which includes use in industrial processes and for drinking & sanitary purposes. Welspun mainly satisfies its water demand by obtaining water from the Narmada River, supplied by the GWIL. Being a Zero Liquid Discharge plant, wastewater recycle & reuse and rainwater harvesting are practiced at the Anjar unit of Welspun. Narmada river water is directed to a storage tank of 20 ML capacity located within the premises of Welspun industries. Other than the storage tank of 20 ML capacity, the excess water is diverted to WIL lagoon of 100 ML capacity and Welspun lagoon of 3000 ML capacity. Gujarat Water & Infrastructure Limited (GWIL), supplies raw Narmada water to the region, however, the same is becoming a challenge for the industries and its growth. Also presently, no Municipal Sewage Treatment Plant is available in the city of Anjar, Gandhidham & Adipur. Large quantity of untreated sewage generated in Anjar, Adipur & Gandhidham region is causing environmental damage & health related problems to the residence of these cities. The untreated sewage flows to the agricultural lands and other water bodies causing environmental concerns. Looking to the above and also present inconsistency of fresh water availability, further expansion needs, Welspun India Ltd has decided recycle and reuse sewage waters of Gandhidham-Adipur and Anjar towns back to the industrial use by putting up a Sewage Treatment Plant and recycling of treated sewage waters after UF and RO system. Thus as a part of Clean Environment campaign by Government of India, WIL has decided to set up a 30 MLD Sewage treatment plant (in Ist Phase) at Anjar and reuse the entire city sewage for in plant use after the RO process. The present Zero discharge option adopted at WIL will not solve this concept. The reuse of entire sewage waters for plant use will be feasible only if the surplus waters from RO Rejects along with the biologically treated waste waters from the Common Effluent Treatment plant are adopted to sea discharge meeting the marine discharge norms. Thus Sea Discharge option will be a feasible solution to this concept. 1.5 Project Concept: A block diagram of the project concept is presented as below: As highlighted above, due to sewage recycling in Welspun City, to cater for future needs of water requirement by industry, surplus Treated waste water from ETP along with RO Rejects (from recycling of treated sewage waters), matching with the SEA discharge norms, will be KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | APRIL 2015 5 WELSPUN INDIA LIMITED, ANJAR, KUTCH FEASIBILITY & TREATABILITY CUM ADEQUACY STUDY REPORT INTRODUCTION discharged via an Onshore and offshore Pipeline conveyance system designed for 25 MLD capacity. The pipeline network is gravity as well as rising main with an intermediate Pumping Station, located near PS4 of Gandhidham-Adipur Nagarpalika. KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | APRIL 2015 6 WELSPUN INDIA LIMITED, ANJAR, KUTCH FEASIBILITY & TREATABILITY CUM ADEQUACY STUDY REPORT DESCRIPTION OF COMMON ETP, ITS AUGMENTATION, TREATABILITY & ADEQUACY EVALUATION 2 DESCRIPTION OF COMMON ETP, ITS AUGMENTATION, TREATABILITY & ADEQUACY EVALUATION 2.1 Existing Design Flow of Common ETP The existing common ETP is designed for 10,000 m3/day capacity to treat effluents coming from various units of Welspun city like process, utilities and washings etc. 2.2 Existing Design Basis Common ETP The basis of design of the Common Effluent treatment plant is presented in Table 2-1 as under: Table 2-1: Design Basis for Common ETP at WIL premises Sr. No Parameters Units Influent Characteristics Treated Effluent Characteristics 1 Design Flow m3/day 15000 15000 2 pH 10 – 12 7.0 – 7.5 3 Temperature Deg C 45 - 50 < 30 4 Total suspended solids mg/l 200 – 300 < 50 5 COD mg/l 2500 < 240 6 BOD5 mg/l 850 < 75 7 Ammonical Nitrogen mg/l 30 – 40 < 15 8 Phosphate mg/l 5 – 10 <5 9 Phenolic compounds mg/l 3–5 <2 10 Oil & Grease mg/l < 20 < 10 11 Total Dissolved Solids mg/l 2700 2500 12 Fluorides mg/l 2 <1 2.3 Treatment Units of Common ETP The common ETP consists of primary, secondary biological and tertiary treatment. The civil component of existing common ETP with unit sizing’s are described in below table and layout of existing common ETP is presented in figure 2.1. Table 2-2: List of civil units with dimensions in Existing Common ETP No. Description Size / Capacity Volume 1 Collection Tank 9.0 m x 9.0 m x 6.6 m 535.0 m3 2 Screening 2.5 m x 1.6 m x 1.9 m - 3 Lifting Sump 5.0 m x 5.0 m x 5.0 m 125.0 m3 4 Homogenizing Tank 2 Nos 107. m x 16.0 m x 6.5 m 10000.0 m3 5 Neutralization Tank 1.5 m x 8.0 m x 7.0 m 100.0 m3 6 Distributor - 350.0 m3 7 Biological Oxidation Tank 107.0 m x 16.0 m x 6.5 m x 2 nos. 20000.0 m3 8 Biological Lamella Clarifier 12.0 m x 12.0 x 6.3 m 715.0 m3 9 Tertiary Lamella Clarifier 9.3 m x 9.m x 5.7 m 390.0 m3 KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | APRIL 2015 7 WELSPUN INDIA LIMITED, ANJAR, KUTCH FEASIBILITY & TREATABILITY CUM ADEQUACY STUDY REPORT DESCRIPTION OF COMMON ETP, ITS AUGMENTATION, TREATABILITY & ADEQUACY EVALUATION No. Description Size / Capacity Volume 10 Circular Clarifier 52.0m Dia x 5 m depth 10000.0 m3 11 Fishes Basin 2.0 m x 2.0 m x 0.5 m 2.0 m3 12 Quartz Filtration Plant 10000 cu.m/day 13 Resin Filtration Plant 10000 cu.m/day 14 Ultra Filtration Plant 10000 cu.m/day 15 Softener & decarbonizers 10000 cu.m/day 16 Reverse Osmosis Plant 10000 cu.m/day 17 Nano-Filtration 18 Evaporation 800 cu.m/day 1100 cu.m/day Figure 2-1: ETP Flow Diagram of Common ETP at WIL 2.4 Existing Treatment Scheme description of Common ETP The treatment scheme of existing Common ETP at WIL premises is as under: KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | APRIL 2015 8 WELSPUN INDIA LIMITED, ANJAR, KUTCH FEASIBILITY & TREATABILITY CUM ADEQUACY STUDY REPORT DESCRIPTION OF COMMON ETP, ITS AUGMENTATION, TREATABILITY & ADEQUACY EVALUATION Collection: The untreated wastewater from various processing & manufacturing units flows by gravity to effluent treatment plant in an open underground collection tank having capacity of 535 cu.m. From here the effluent is pumped to lifting sump through screens. Mechanical Screenings: This pretreatment unit is a device, designed to cater the flow of 800 cu.m/hr, fabricated in SS, with mesh of uniform size, which is used to retain the coarse solids found in wastewater. The floating impurities are also captured in this unit. The screenings are discharged in SS trough & removed manually from here. Lifting Sump: The effluent from screening is flow into lifting sump. Here 5 nos. of submersible pumps (each of cap. 208 m3/hr) are installed to lift incoming effluent to homogenation tank. Homogenation Tank: The homogenation tank has a normal working volume of 10,000 cu.m with 24 hrs; Equalization for uniform flow & quality. The purpose of equalization is simply damping of flow-rate variations so that constant flow-rate is achieved with considerable amount of constituents concentration. The contents of the tank are mixed with 2 nos. of flow jet, 2nos. of flow makers, 351 nos. fine air bubble diffusers at bottom of the tank. Two blowers of 1000 cm/hr each are also installed for aeration purpose. The equalized wastewater passes into neutralization tank through an opening at bottom for subsequent treatment. Neutralization Tank: The alkaline homogenized effluent (with pH of 11-12) is neutralized with the dosing of sulphuric acid 98% in neutralization tank of 100 cu.m holding volume. The neutralized effluent having approximately pH - 7.5 is pumped to distributor by means of 3 nos. of submersible pump of cap. 208 cu.m/hr. The acid mixing is carried out by blower-air in the air grid laid at the bottom of the tank. Distributor: The neutralized effluent is distributed to oxidation tank by distributor with working volume of 350 cu.m. The effluent is thoroughly mixed with air by means of air grid. The recycled secondary sludge is also distributed to two oxidation tanks from here. Extended Oxidation Tanks: 2 nos. each of 10000 cu.m holding capacity This is an aerobic biological treatment in which organic compounds present in wastewater (which contribute to COD & BOD values) are consumed by microorganisms as food in a controlled environment of cultivated biomass & efficient aeration. The capacity of the each tank is 10000 cu.m aggregating 20000 cu.m i.e. 48 hrs of hydraulic retention period for max capacity. The removal of BOD, coagulation of non-settleable solids & stabilization of organic matter are accomplished using bacteria. The system is comprised of disc type diffusers submerged in wastewater, header pipes, air mains, blowers & appurtenances through which air passes & flow makers. The diffusers are mounted on air manifolds in grid pattern to provide uniform aeration throughout the tank. The function of diffusers is transferring oxygen to bacteria in the tank. The flow makers are used to give momentum to mixed liquor/ contents of the tank, so the settling of biomass is eliminated. The effluent then overflows to secondary lamella clarifier by gravity. Nutrients KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | APRIL 2015 9 WELSPUN INDIA LIMITED, ANJAR, KUTCH FEASIBILITY & TREATABILITY CUM ADEQUACY STUDY REPORT DESCRIPTION OF COMMON ETP, ITS AUGMENTATION, TREATABILITY & ADEQUACY EVALUATION like Urea & DAP are also dosed in the tank on continuous basis. Sodium hypochlorite & antifoam dosing system are also installed to eliminate sludge bulking due to filamentous growth of microbes & remove foam from oxidation tank respectively. Secondary Lamella Clarifier: The clarifier capacity is 1500 cu.m. The tank is having parallel hexagonal tube packs (made of thin PVC hexagonal tubing, inclined at 60 Deg angle from horizontal for improving settling efficiency of conventional clarifier. The clarified effluent overflows in the launders & passes to mixers. Mixers: The clarified effluent passes into the 2 nos. mixers for pretreatment for color removal. Here chemicals like alum; polyelectrolyte & decolorant are added to the effluent for removal of colloidal solids & traces of color respectively. From here the flocculated effluent passes to tertiary lamella clarifier. Secondary Clarifier: This unit is having volumetric capacity of 12000 cu.m. The function of clarifier is to separate activated sludge solids from mixed liquor. Solid separation is final step in production of well-clarified, stable effluent flow in BOD & SS and represents critical link in operation of extended aeration system. A revolving mechanism with scrapper at bottom & gear mounted assembly helps in transport & removal of settled sludge from clarifier. The treated water overflows in the launder & then fed to filtration plant. The sludge from the bottom of clarifier flows into the recycle tank & from here it is recycled in oxidation tank through distributor. The excess sludge is wasted in belt press. Sludge handling unit (for biological unit) The sludge handling unit having capacity of 8-20 cum/hr is a combination of reactor drum, dynamic thickener followed by a belt press the complete unit is of Interco Italian make. Automatic poly-preparator unit with dosing pumps is also provided for proper polymer dosing. The treated water overflows in the launder & then to holding sump. From here the treated effluent is fed to filtration section. Quartz Filters This is the very first stage of a water recovery system & its main purpose is the removal of suspended solids from water coming from a biological treatment plant. The media material used is quartzes sand and gravel of special & different granulometrics in multi – layer. This equipment is fully automatic & very efficient with an achievable filtration up to 100 microns. Resin Filters The resin filtration is an alternative to activated carbon filtration. For resin filters, a regenerable weak anionic Purolite Resin is used in place of activated carbon. Following advantages have been acknowledged; The resin require regeneration but as the regeneration for these resins is possible to be performed on - line with caustic soda at & with sodium chloride, so the expensive load and unload of activated carbon for its regeneration are avoided. The operating cost of resin filtration is less than half in comparison to activated carbon, even in the less favorable situation. By placing resin filters at this stage give a reduction of 20 - 50 % of COD and a great color removal is achieved. KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | APRIL 2015 10 WELSPUN INDIA LIMITED, ANJAR, KUTCH FEASIBILITY & TREATABILITY CUM ADEQUACY STUDY REPORT DESCRIPTION OF COMMON ETP, ITS AUGMENTATION, TREATABILITY & ADEQUACY EVALUATION Softeners & Degasser The softeners & degassers are used to reduce Ca, Mg and alkalinity from the treated water so that the membrane life of RO & efficiency can be improved of latter stages of recovery units. Ultra-Filtration The ultra-filtration is done before RO for proper pre-treatment. UF ensures a constant quality of water at low cost. After UF, the water is free from suspended solids, collides & bacteria. Reverse Osmosis (3- stages) Through reverse osmosis it is certainly possible to obtain the best quality of recovered water, since this technology allows separating the whole organic substance and also part of the inorganic substance (salinity, hardness, some kinds of metal) from the water. The quality of permeate, i.e. osmotized water, is such that it can be used in dye baths, in boilers and in any other section where a great quantity of raw material is required. The system comprises of cartridge filters & specific membranes for three -stage RO to suit this specific & typical nature of waste water , i.e. dye house waste water. Physico – chemical unit The reject of 3rd stage RO is again treated in physico-chemical unit. In-order to reduce the carbonates and bi-carbonates of Ca, Mg and silica the following chemicals are used lime, soda ash, ferric chloride and poly. Sludge Handling Unit (for physico – chemical plant) The sludge handling unit having capacity of 4-8 cum/hr is a combination of reactor drum, dynamic thickener followed by a belt press the complete unit is of Intereco, Italy make. An automatic poly-preparation unit with dosing pumps is also provided for proper polymer dosing. The treated water overflows in the launder & then to holding sump. From here the treated effluent is fed to filtration section. Multi Media Filter (MMF): The removal of suspended solids from water coming from a physico – chemical treatment plant. The media material used is quartzes sand and gravel of special & different granulometrics in multi – layer. The equipment is fully automatic & very efficient with an achievable filtration up to 50 microns. Ultra-Filtration (4th – stage) The Ultra-filtration is done before RO for proper pretreatment. UF ensures a constant quality of water at low cost. After UF, the water is free from suspended solids, collides & bacteria. Reverse Osmosis (4th – stage) The system comprises of cartridge filters & specific membranes for three -stage RO to suit this specific & typical nature of wastewater (i.e. high salinity water). Wind Evaporators: We have installed 11 Nos. of Wind Evaporators each is having 7 modules for concentrating the RO Rejects. The residual slats collected from the Wind evaporator is further dried and is disposed as Solid waste in TSDF operated by GPCB approved Operator. KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | APRIL 2015 11 WELSPUN INDIA LIMITED, ANJAR, KUTCH 2.5 FEASIBILITY & TREATABILITY CUM ADEQUACY STUDY REPORT DESCRIPTION OF COMMON ETP, ITS AUGMENTATION, TREATABILITY & ADEQUACY EVALUATION Performance Evaluation of Existing Common ETP As a part of performance evaluation of existing ETP, Kadam collected effluent samples from the existing running ETP and the analysis was carried out in KEC Laboratory at Vadodara. The quality of ETP inlet and after Biological Treatment is presented as below: Table 2-3: Inlet and outlet characteristics of Existing Common ETP as a part of performance evaluation study. Sr. No. Parameter Unit ETP Inlet ETP outlet after Tertiary treatment 1 pH - 8.40 7.78 2 Temperature ◦C 34 - 45 28 4 COD mg/l 1233 122 5 BOD mg/l 330 35 6 Total dissolved solids mg/l 3040 2448 7 Suspended solids mg/l 75 < 10 8 Oil & grease mg/l <5 <5 9 Chloride mg/l 743 618 10 Sulphates mg/l 237 161 11 Ammonical nitrogen mg/l 31 5 12 Total residual chlorine mg/l BDL BDL 13 Arsenic mg/l < 0.001 < 0.001 14 Mercury mg/l < 0.001 < 0.001 15 Lead mg/l <0.1 <0.1 16 Cadmium mg/l <0.5 <0.5 17 Copper mg/l <0.08 <0.08 18 Zinc mg/l <0.1 <0.1 19 Selenium mg/l <0.01 <0.01 20 Nickel mg/l <0.1 <0.1 21 Fluoride mg/l 0.35 0.20 22 Free ammonia mg/l 4.63 0.17 23 Hexavalent chromium mg/l <0.003 <0.003 24 Cyanide mg/l <0.003 <0.003 25 Sulphide mg/l <0.2 <0.2 26 Phenolic Compounds mg/l <0.001 <0.001 27 Manganese mg/l <0.04 <0.04 28 Iron mg/l 0.57 0.61 KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | APRIL 2015 12 WELSPUN INDIA LIMITED, ANJAR, KUTCH 2.5.1 FEASIBILITY & TREATABILITY CUM ADEQUACY STUDY REPORT DESCRIPTION OF COMMON ETP, ITS AUGMENTATION, TREATABILITY & ADEQUACY EVALUATION Treated Effluent Quality observed at the outlet of Common ETP on daily basis The outlet of common ETP is monitored on daily basis in plant premises by Welspun EHS team. Third Party inspection is also been carried out for inlet and outlet quality checks of the existing Common ETP. The summary of last two years data of effluent quality measured at inlet, after Biological treatment by Welspun as well as Third Party results is presented in Tables as below: KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | APRIL 2015 13 WELSPUN INDIA LIMITED, ANJAR, KUTCH DESCRIPTION OF COMMON ETP, ITS AUGMENTATION, TREATABILITY & ADEQUACY EVALUATION FEASIBILITY & TREATABILITY CUM ADEQUACY STUDY REPORT Table 2-4: Treated Effluent Quality for Final Outlet – Summary of Results of Year 2013 EQUALIZATION TANK Month pH TDS COD mg/l mg/l BIOFILTER pH COD NEW OXIDATION TANK pH mg/l TEMP D.O. MLSS °C mg/l mg/l Frequency Daily Daily Daily Daily Daily Daily Daily March 9.1 1966.0 872.0 7.4 741.6 7.7 36.1 April 10.6 2224.0 897.4 7.1 702.2 7.6 May 9.8 2277.1 824.4 7.0 711.9 June 11.0 2297.5 878.2 7.1 July 9.8 2128.1 907.5 August 10.3 2232.9 September 9.9 OLD OXIDATION TANK SVI pH CLARIFIER OUTLET D.O. TEMP MLSS SVI pH COD mg/l °C mg/l Daily Daily Daily Daily Daily mg/l % OF COD REDUCTION IN BIOLOGICAL PLANT Daily Daily Daily 1.3 3422.7 134.4 7.7 1.6 36.0 3407.3 130.9 7.7 112.3 87.0 37.3 1.2 4025.0 113.0 7.7 1.4 37.0 4020.0 106.0 7.7 138.3 84.5 7.5 37.5 2.1 3299.5 126.1 7.5 2.1 37.3 3180.5 128.7 7.6 152.2 81.3 744.7 7.5 38.0 1.9 3505.9 147.3 7.5 1.7 37.9 3517.0 150.6 7.6 141.8 83.6 7.2 794.6 7.6 38.1 1.8 3562.5 129.9 7.7 1.4 38.0 3427.8 129.5 7.7 128.5 85.8 934.8 7.0 805.1 7.7 37.0 1.5 4154.9 160.6 7.7 1.7 36.9 4114.7 164.8 7.8 131.2 85.9 2707.9 946.4 7.0 841.3 7.7 37.1 1.2 4001.1 179.8 7.7 1.4 36.7 3946.9 179.8 7.7 131.4 86.0 October 9.2 2240.6 923.5 6.9 788.6 7.5 38.0 1.2 3348.0 184.9 7.4 2.1 37.6 3238.3 184.9 7.5 118.3 87.1 November 9.3 2301.4 949.5 7.1 810.2 7.5 35.6 1.6 3375.3 200.8 34.0 1.4 35.2 3294.4 196.5 7.5 136.1 85.6 December 9.2 2039.7 975.0 7.1 822.1 7.5 34.7 2.0 2612.8 217.5 7.5 0.9 34.5 2660.5 211.0 7.6 134.7 86.1 Average 9.8 2241.5 910.9 7.1 776.2 7.6 36.9 1.6 3530.8 159.4 10.2 1.6 36.7 3480.7 158.3 7.6 132.5 85.3 Note: All values are in mg/l except pH. Equalization tank is same as Homogenization tank. KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | APRIL 2015 14 WELSPUN INDIA LIMITED, ANJAR, KUTCH DESCRIPTION OF COMMON ETP, ITS AUGMENTATION, TREATABILITY & ADEQUACY EVALUATION FEASIBILITY & TREATABILITY CUM ADEQUACY STUDY REPORT Table 2-5: Treated Effluent Quality for Final Outlet – Summary of Results of Year 2014 EQUALIZATION TANK Month pH TDS COD mg/l mg/l BIOFILTER pH COD NEW OXIDATION TANK pH mg/l TEMP D.O. MLSS °C mg/l mg/l Frequency Daily Daily Daily Daily Daily Daily Daily January 9.0 2171.6 926.0 7.2 785.2 7.6 34.7 February 8.8 1894.3 908.8 7.5 795.5 7.7 March 8.8 1907.5 1042.1 7.5 896.6 April 10.6 2346.3 1298.7 7.3 May 8.9 2243.7 1079.0 June 8.9 2096.7 OLD OXIDATION TANK SVI pH CLARIFIER OUTLET D.O. TEMP MLSS SVI pH COD mg/l °C mg/l Daily Daily Daily Daily Daily mg/l % OF COD REDUCTION IN BIOLOGICAL PLANT Daily Daily Daily 1.4 3788.8 182.6 7.7 1.8 34.3 3191.2 204.6 7.6 136.2 85.2 34.4 1.4 3247.5 226.2 7.7 2.6 33.4 2134.4 203.6 7.7 167.1 81.2 7.7 36.8 1.0 3230.8 85.4 7.7 1.2 36.8 2985.2 91.9 7.7 209.2 79.7 1066.4 7.6 38.3 1.3 4445.9 113.1 7.6 1.8 38.2 4094.5 113.7 7.6 199.5 84.5 7.3 933.6 7.5 38.4 1.2 5023.0 109.7 32.6 1.6 38.3 4526.9 104.1 7.6 168.0 84.3 970.3 7.7 841.5 7.6 38.8 1.5 4138.9 92.7 7.7 1.2 38.7 3725.2 93.5 7.7 154.9 84.0 July 8.4 2018.1 1032.8 7.6 890.2 7.7 38.7 1.2 4478.6 101.4 7.7 1.1 38.6 3475.8 109.2 7.7 158.5 84.6 August 8.2 1968.7 984.3 7.5 845.8 7.6 38.9 0.7 3989.0 116.5 7.7 0.8 38.7 3252.3 120.3 7.7 179.5 81.7 September 8.0 1937.3 948.5 7.4 804.7 7.6 39.8 1.4 4141.3 137.3 7.6 2.1 39.2 3416.7 135.3 7.7 211.5 77.7 October 9.1 2562.5 1059.3 7.0 890.6 7.4 38.2 0.6 3956.3 182.7 7.4 1.8 38.2 3295.9 178.7 7.5 175.4 83.0 November 8.8 2258.7 1129.0 7.0 975.2 7.4 38.4 0.5 4277.6 160.8 7.4 1.9 38.2 3416.4 153.9 7.4 169.5 85.0 December 9.0 2216.5 1096.4 7.0 951.5 7.5 37.2 0.4 4531.4 164.7 7.5 1.9 37.0 3474.6 180.5 7.5 177.9 83.7 Average 8.9 2135.1 1039.6 7.3 889.7 7.6 37.7 1.1 4104.1 139.4 9.7 1.6 37.5 3415.8 140.8 7.6 175.6 82.9 Note: All values are in mg/l except pH. Equalization tank is same as Homogenization tank KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | APRIL 2015 15 WELSPUN INDIA LIMITED, ANJAR, KUTCH DESCRIPTION OF COMMON ETP, ITS AUGMENTATION, TREATABILITY & ADEQUACY EVALUATION FEASIBILITY & TREATABILITY CUM ADEQUACY STUDY REPORT Table 2-6: Treated Effluent Quality for Final Outlet – Summary of Results of Year 2013 – Third Party Analysis Sr. No. Parameters Third Party Analysis Results of ETP Outlet samples -Year 2013 Unit Date of Sampling Jan March April May June July August September October November December 31.01.13 18.03.13 16.04.13 28.05.13 19.06.13 15.07.13 10.08.13 18.09.13 17.10.13 21.11.13 11.12.13 Average 1 pH pH Unit 7.45 7.45 7.41 7.38 7.38 7.29 7.32 7.39 7.42 7.26 7.31 7.4 2 BOD (5 days at 27 °C) mg/l 64 58 57 78 78 75 71 68 65 68 64 67.8 3 COD mg/l 174 168 165 230 230 221 235 227 220 218 223 189.6 4 Oil & Grease mg/l 1.1 1.1 1.3 4.2 4.2 3.9 3.3 3.1 2.9 2.5 1.9 2.4 5 Sulphates mg/l 0.3 0.6 0.8 1.2 1.2 1.1 1 0.09 0.07 0.06 0.09 3.7 6 % Na % 38 32 30 35 35 31 28 26 23 25 20 27.6 7 Ammonical Nitrogen mg/l 13.5 12.8 12.3 15.4 15.4 13.5 12.5 11.2 10.9 11.2 10.5 12.7 8 Sodium Absorption Ratio mg/l 7 7 9 16 16 15 13 12 11 10 9 159.9 9 TDS mg/l 1455 1412 1440 1650 1650 1587 1325 1311 1296 1198 1056 1254.0 10 TSS mg/l 50 48 52 64 64 71 67 62 60 65 62 57.5 11 Temperature °C 35 32 37 32 32 31 29 31 30 32 30 34.9 12 Color Pt. Co. 50 45 43 65 65 72 70 37 64 65 66 129.7 13 Chlorides Scale 880 854 831 850 850 821 811 798 784 780 784 777.5 14 Sulphates mg/l 405 387 378 360 360 349 326 312 308 310 307 312.9 KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | APRIL 2015 16 WELSPUN INDIA LIMITED, ANJAR, KUTCH DESCRIPTION OF COMMON ETP, ITS AUGMENTATION, TREATABILITY & ADEQUACY EVALUATION FEASIBILITY & TREATABILITY CUM ADEQUACY STUDY REPORT Table 2-7: Treated Effluent Quality for Final Outlet – Summary of Results of Year 2014 – Third Party Analysis Sr. No. Parameters Unit Date of Sampling Third Party Analysis Results of ETP Outlet samples -Year 2014 Jan Feb March April May June July August September October November December 09.01.14 08.02.14 14.03.14 05.04.14 31.05.14 23.06.14 28.07.14 13.08.14 17.09.14 08.10.14 12.11.14 09.12.14 Average 1 pH pH Unit 7.24 7.39 7.35 7.31 7.25 7.35 7.46 7.35 7.38 7.46 7.55 7.2 7.4 2 BOD (5 days at 27 °C) mg/l 61 65 66 64 59 55 59 45 42 40 38 33 52.3 3 COD mg/l 219 215 265 281 276 315 310 298 290 280 260 230 239 4 Oil & Grease mg/l 2 2.4 3.1 3.6 2.9 1.9 1.5 1.2 1.1 1 1 1 1.9 5 Sulphates mg/l 0.08 0.06 0.08 0.07 0.09 0.08 0.09 0.08 0.07 0.06 0.05 0.04 0.1 % Na % 22 25 27 25 24 26 29 26 25 24 22 20 24.6 mg/l 10.8 11.2 12.9 11.8 16.1 18.8 15.9 14.2 13.5 13.2 11.8 10.9 13.4 mg/l 10 9 10 12 14 18 20 18 16 15 13 11 13.8 6 7 8 Ammonical Nitrogen Sodium Absorption Ratio 9 TDS mg/l 1060 1056 1123 1041 1094 1525 1665 1425 1430 1410 1320 1180 1277.4 10 TSS mg/l 65 62 59 54 52 50 52 45 43 41 40 36 49.9 11 Temperature °C 32 30 30 30 30 31 30 30 31 30 28 24 29.7 12 Color Pt. Co. 64 60 62 60 57 50 54 40 42 40 38 37 50.3 13 Chlorides Scale 789 780 723 765 750 710 719 658 670 650 610 580 700.3 14 Sulphates mg/l 301 305 289 256 242 315 318 298 270 260 240 215 275.8 KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | APRIL 2015 17 WELSPUN INDIA LIMITED DESCRIPTION OF COMMON ETP & PROPOSED STP FEASIBILITY CUM TREATABILITY STUDY REPORT It can be observed from the above tables that the Treated Waste Water from Common ETP always matches the Marine Disposal norms and can be safely discharged to Marine Environment with a diffuser system. 2.6 Treatability of Common ETP It can be seen from the above the stage wise percentage reduction of common ETP is given in below table. Table 2-8: Percentage Reduction / Treatability of common ETP Parameters S. No. Description COD Valu e BOD % Reduction Valu e SS % Reduction 850 Valu e % Reduction 1 Inlet Collection Tank 2500 2 After Primary Treatment 300 1875 25 725 15 62 60 3 Aeration Tank 280 85 80 89 50 20 4 Final ETP Outlet 240 15 72 10 45 10 Note: All values are in mg/lit except pH. 2.7 Adequacy of existing Common ETP and Proposed Augmentations The adequacy of Existing and Proposed Expansion Units of Common ETP with Recycling UF and RO and their proposed augmentations proposed is described as below; Table 2-9: Adequacy of existing Common ETP and its augmentation Sr No Unit Description Existing Units Details Proposed Augmentation Details (Additional Units) Nos Capacity Nos Capacity Retention Time at 15 MLD capacity Remarks 1 Collection Tank 1 535 cu.m - - 50 min OK 2 Mechanical Screen 1 800 cu.m/hr 1 800 cu.m/hr Catering to total flow of 19000 cu.m per day OK 3 Lifting Sump 1 125 cu.m - - 12 min OK 4 Homogenizing (Equalization) Tank 1 10000 cu.m - - 16 Hrs OK 5 Neutralization Tank 1 100 cu.m - - 10 min OK 6 Biological Oxidation Tank 2 10000 cu.m 1 10000 2 days OK 7 Clarifier 1 10000 cu.m - - 16 Hrs OK 8 Biological Lamella Clarifier 1 900 cu.m - - 1.44 Hrs OK 9 Tertiary Lamella Clarifier 1 500 cu.m - - 48 min OK 10 Quartz Filtration Units 8 1540 cu.m per day Quartz & resin KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | APRIL 2015 OK 18 WELSPUN INDIA LIMITED Sr No Unit Description FEASIBILITY CUM TREATABILITY STUDY REPORT Existing Units Details Nos 8 DESCRIPTION OF COMMON ETP & PROPOSED STP Proposed Augmentation Details (Additional Units) Retention Time at 15 MLD capacity Remarks Capacity Nos Capacity 1540 cu.m per day filters will be replaced by micron filters 900 cu.m/hr – 18 hrs of operation Mixing Tank 8x8x3m SWD + 1 m FB – 190 cu.m 10 min OK 11 Resin Filters 12 Treated Waste Water Mixing Tank 13 Ultra Filtration Plant 4 2640 cu.m per day 1 5000 cu.m per day (1st Phase) Total 15000 cu.m per day OK 14 Ultra Filtration Plant - - 3 15000 cu.m per day (2nd Phase Total for 45000 cu.m per day OK 15 Reverse Osmosis Plant 4 2640 cu.m per day 1 5000 cu.m per day (1st Phase Total 15000 cu.m per day OK 16 Reverse Osmosis Plant - - 3 15000 cu.m per day (2nd Phase) Total for 45000 cu.m per day OK Thus in the proposed augmentations of Common ETP from 10 MLD to 15 MLD, following items will be added/replaced/isolated: Addition of mechanical screening mechanism. Addition of one new Biological oxidation tank. Replacing the existing Quartz and Resin Filters by Micron Filters for better efficiency Existing UF and RO with expansion for total capacity of 15 MLD (Ist Phase) will be utilized for recycling of treated sewage waters. Existing ETP waters after biological treatment and tertiary Micron Filters will be sent for disposal in pipeline system. One new Treated waste water tank will be constructed to mix the treated waste waters from ETP and RO Reject waters before drainage in the gravity pipeline manhole. Existing Wind Evaporators will be isolated and will not be used for any further activities. KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | APRIL 2015 19 WELSPUN INDIA LIMITED, ANJAR, KUTCH FEASIBILITY & CUM ADEQUACY TREATABILITY STUDY REPORT 3 DESCRIPTION OF PROPOSED ADEQUACY EVALUATION 3.1 DESCRIPTION OF PROPOSED STP, TREATABILITY & ADEQUACY EVALUATION STP, TREATABILITY & Design Flow of STP Average design flow rate: 30 MLD = 1250 cu.m/hr = 0.347 cu.m/sec Peak design flow rate: 67.5 MLD = 2812.5 cu.m/hr = 0.781 cu.m/sec Minimum Flow rate – 0.5 x average design flow rate = 0.5 x 0.347 = 0.174 cu.m/sec 3.2 Inlet Design basis of STP - 30 MLD capacity The design inlet characteristics for Proposed STP is presented in table as below: Table 3-1: Design Inlet Characteristics of Proposed STP Parameters Min. Values of Max. Values Average observed of observed Values of Recommended 90 Unit Characterstics Characterstics observed Inlet percentile of Sewage of Sewage sewage Characteristics Waters Waters Characterstics pH -- 7.57 8.25 7.85 8.08 6.5 - 8 Temperature deg. C 27.10 28.20 27.80 28.20 20 - 30 BOD, soluble mg/l 13.00 142.00 36.25 126.60 130 BOD @ 27 deg. C for 3 days mg/l 89.00 295.00 142.25 269.50 275 COD mg/l 311.98 1,127.17 513.26 764.58 600 TSS mg/l 70.00 896.00 289.00 607.20 600 Total hardness (as CaCO3) mg/l 438.24 657.36 527.88 635.45 650 Carbonate hardness (as CaCO3) mg/l 438.24 657.36 527.88 635.45 -- Magnesium hardness (as CaCO3) mg/l 39.84 219.12 59.76 79.68 80 TDS mg/l 1,548.00 3,450.00 2,740.00 3,251.30 3,400 Fixed Solids mg/l 946.00 2,244.00 1,748.00 2,113.20 2,200 Chloride (as Cl) mg/l 716.16 1,364.20 878.15 1,223.66 1350 Sulphate (as SO4) mg/l 11.33 539.33 216.48 391.93 380 TKN mg/l 20.22 66.66 41.19 56.92 60 Ammonia mg/l 17.98 62.92 38.20 54.53 57 Total Phosphate mg/l 2.20 35.74 5.20 15.33 5 Nitrate mg/l 2.96 19.57 8.43 16.37 16 Potassium mg/l 1.80 26.10 22.65 25.10 20 KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | APRIL 2015 20 WELSPUN INDIA LIMITED, ANJAR, KUTCH FEASIBILITY & CUM ADEQUACY TREATABILITY STUDY REPORT DESCRIPTION OF PROPOSED STP, TREATABILITY & ADEQUACY EVALUATION Parameters Min. Values of Max. Values Average observed of observed Values of Recommended 90 Unit Characterstics Characterstics observed Inlet percentile of Sewage of Sewage sewage Characteristics Waters Waters Characterstics Alkalinity(as CaCO3) mg/l 331.70 834.60 716.90 808.92 750 Conductivity μS / cm 617.52 5,050.00 3,950.00 4,783.00 5,000 Ammonium (as NH4) mg/l 0.17 15.52 4.04 11.67 6 3.3 Design outlet Characterstics of STP - 30 MLD capacity The new STP will be constructed and operated by WIL for recycling of sewage waters from Anjar and Gandhidham-Adipur Nagarpalika. The treated waters of STP will be subjected to UF and RO in the WIL premises and the RO rejects along with treated waste waters of Common ETP will be discharged in the pipeline system. The design outlet Characterstics of proposed STP are presented in table as below: Table 3-2: Design Outlet Characteristics of Proposed STP Sr. No. Parameters Units Outlet of STP 1 Design Flow m3/day 29000 2 pH 3 Temperature Deg C 28 4 Colour (Pt. Co. Units) mg/l < 10 5 BOD (5 Days at 20 Deg. C) mg/l < 10 6 COD mg/l < 50 7 Suspended Solids mg/l < 10 8 Total Dissolved Solids mg/l < 3400 9 Oil & Grease mg/l <2 10 Phenolic Compounds mg/l <1 11 Fluorides mg/l <2 12 Sulphides mg/l <1 13 Ammonical Nitrogen mg/l < 10 3.4 6.8 - 8 Description of Units of STP Inlet Chamber The Inlet chamber will receive sewage from Raw Sewage pumping stations at Anjar and GandhidhamAdipur (combined) through the rising mains of 600mm and 800mm dia. transmission pipelines respectively. From the Inlet Chamber, the raw sewage shall flow by gravity to Mechanical Fine / Manual Coarse Screen Channels. KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | APRIL 2015 21 WELSPUN INDIA LIMITED, ANJAR, KUTCH FEASIBILITY & CUM ADEQUACY TREATABILITY STUDY REPORT DESCRIPTION OF PROPOSED STP, TREATABILITY & ADEQUACY EVALUATION Mechanical Fine Screen Channel The Raw sewage from the inlet chamber shall flow by gravity into the Mechanical Fine Screen Channels. Either Step type or Rotary Drum Type of mechanical screen are proposed. Each Mechanical Fine Screen channel shall be designed for 50% of the peak design flow and during design flow conditions, both screens shall operate in parallel. Screenings will be mechanically collected on a Conveyor Belt and conveyed through a stainless steel Chute to Truck/ Tractor Trolley positioned at Ground Level. Manual Coarse Screen Channel The Manual Coarse Screen Channel will be used as a standby unit in the event of the Mechanical Fine Screen Channels being offline. The Manual Coarse Screen Channel shall be provided with Inlet/ Outlet Isolation Sluice Gates. Grit Chamber & Grit Channel The Screened Sewage will be conveyed to the inlet channel of the Grit Chamber / Grit Channel. The grit chamber will be designed for 100% of the peak design flow. A mechanical type grit scraping device will be provided in the Grit chamber that scrapes the settled grit to a side pocket from where it is lifted by classifier mechanism above the water level and is dropped through a chute into a bin or trolley. An organic return pump is provided to send the water collected in the pocket back into the main chamber. The grit is settled in the main chamber and after de-gritting the sewage overflows into the outlet channel. De-gritted sewage shall flow through a Sutro / Proportional Weir where flow measurement shall be done using a graduated scale. Extended Aeration Process (EA) - including Biological Nitrogen Removal Anoxic Tanks The Anoxic Tanks ensure de-nitrification of the sewage through internal/ sludge recycle. There shall be minimum 2.0 numbers of Anoxic Tanks. The Anoxic Tanks shall be provided with submersible mixers to prevent settlement. Aeration tanks There shall be minimum 2 numbers of Aeration Tanks. The Aeration Tanks shall be oxygenated using fine air bubble diffused aeration and shall effectively bio-degrade the organic matter and organic/ ammonia nitrogen in the sewage to the required soluble BOD/ nitrogen level of purity. The aeration tank shall be designed for completely mixed conditions with the extended aeration principles. Secondary Clarifier The sewage from the Distribution chamber shall flow by gravity to Secondary Clarifiers. There shall be minimum 2 numbers of Secondary Clarifiers. Each Secondary Clarifiers shall be sized for 50% of the design flow. However the hydraulic design shall provide for the entire sewage flow including design flow to be routed through one number of Clarifier when any one of the clarifier is shut down for maintenance. Deep Bed Multimedia Filters The Secondary Treated Sewage water shall be pumped into a common inlet channel of Deep Bed Multimedia Filters leading one or more bank of filters as per the layout arrangement. The filters shall be Deep Bed Multimedia Filters, constant head, and constant rate deep bed filters. The filter gallery shall house the filter outlet channel, the backwash and air scour pipework mains and outlet, backwash and air scour valve gear. Facilities shall be provided for local and remote control KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | APRIL 2015 22 WELSPUN INDIA LIMITED, ANJAR, KUTCH FEASIBILITY & CUM ADEQUACY TREATABILITY STUDY REPORT DESCRIPTION OF PROPOSED STP, TREATABILITY & ADEQUACY EVALUATION through PLC/SCADA of the actuator and for local and remote indication of valve position. The gallery shall be adequately ventilated and lighted. An overflow arrangement shall be provided from the common inlet channel which shall discharge into the backwash water channel for bypassing the filters in case of any emergency. Secondary Sludge Pumping Station Secondary Sludge Pumping Station is provided to collect and transfer the sludge. Secondary sludge from the Secondary Clarifiers shall be wasted continuously/ intermittently to the Gravity Sludge Thickeners using Surplus Activated Sludge (SAS) Pumps. Pumps shall also be provided to recycle settled secondary sludge (RAS) back to the inlet of anoxic tank distribution Chamber. The Secondary sludge pumping Station shall consist of wet well with installed submersible pumps, a valve chamber and a separate electrical control panel level. Chlorine Contact Tank (CCT) Treated water from the Deep Bed Multimedia Filtration system shall be conveyed to the Chlorine Contact Tank for disinfection and then will be pumped to the Intermediate Storage Tank located in the Tertiary Treatment Plant at Welspun City premises, for further treatment / polishing. Part of the water shall be pumped to the Overhead Backwash Tank of the Deep Bed Multimedia Filters and for plant water requirements within the STP. Gravity Sludge Thickeners The gravity Sludge Thickeners shall be designed to thicken the surplus sludge produced from secondary biological treatment process. The sludge thickener shall thicken the secondary sludge to 4.0% minimum TSS concentration (dry solids basis). Thickened sludge shall be directly collected or conveyed through belt / screw conveyors to a sump / hopper having 1 hour retention time, and then pumped to 2 Nos. of mechanical sludge dewatering units (1 Working + 1 standby) using Thickened Sludge Pumps continuously/ intermittently as required. The filtrate from the thickener shall be recycled to the inlet chamber by pumping. Sludge Dewatering Unit The Thickened Sludge Storage Tank is provided to collect and transfer the Thickened Sludge from Sludge Thickener to Mechanical Sludge Dewatering Equipment. Centreate Sump The network of the plant drain, overflow arrangement, supernatant from thickeners, dewatering centrifuges & dirty backwash from deep bed multimedia filters shall be terminated at the Centreate Sump. The drain out connection from various units of the STP in the form of lateral lines shall be connected to one / two common trunks lines leading to the plant drain-out sump. Treated Water Sump The Treated Water Sump / Wet Well shall be located adjoining the Chlorine Contact Tank. Suitable number of submersible pumps with standby shall be installed in order to pump the treated sewage waters through the deep bed media filters to the ETP location of WIL premises. 3.5 List of Civil Units of Proposed STP A list of civil units for STP along with their sizing and capacity in terms of volume is highlighted in the table below: KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | APRIL 2015 23 WELSPUN INDIA LIMITED, ANJAR, KUTCH FEASIBILITY & CUM ADEQUACY TREATABILITY STUDY REPORT DESCRIPTION OF PROPOSED STP, TREATABILITY & ADEQUACY EVALUATION Table 3-3: List of Civil Units of Proposed STP Sr. No. Unit 1 Length / Dia., m Width, m SWD, m FB, m Qty. Volume in cu.m / Area in sq.m Inlet chamber 4.80 2 5 0.5 1W 48 2 Mechanical Fine screen channel (6mm spacing) 9.50 1.40 0.65 0.5 2W 8.6 3 Manual Coarse bar screen channel (20 mm spacing) 9.50 2.00 0.50 0.5 1S 9.5 4 Grit Chamber 8.40 8.40 0.7 0.5 1W 49.4 5 Grit Channel 20.00 3.50 0.75 + 0.5 m Grit storage 0.50 1S 56 6 Anoxic Zone 28.00 20.40 5.50 0.60 2W 3141.6 7 Aeration Tank 94.50 31.50 5.50 0.50 2W 16372.1 8 Distribution Chamber for Secondary Clarifier 3.5 3.5 2 0.5 1W 24.5 9 Secondary Clarifier 52.00 ‐‐ 3.00 0.5 2W 6367.9 10 DBM Filter 6.00 4.40 5.50 0.5 6W + 2S 145.2 11 CCT 23 10 4 0.5 1W 920 12 Wet well 10 7.5 4 0.5 1W 300 13 Sludge sump 7 2.25 2 0.5 1W 31.5 14 Dirty backwash tank 20 3.5 3.5 0.5 1W 245 15 Filtrate sump 6 8 2.5 0.5 1W 120 16 Chlorination building 28 6 7 ‐ 1 168 17 Centrifuge building 12 4 7 ‐ 1 48 18 Blower room 38 8 7 ‐ 1 304 19 Operator room 10 8 3 ‐ 1 80 20 HT/LT substation 25 20 5.5 ‐ 1 500 21 MEP room 5.5 5.5 3 ‐ 1 30.25 3.6 Treatability of Proposed STP The stage wise percentage reduction of proposed STP is given in below table: Table 3-4: Percentage Reduction / Treatability of Proposed STP Parameters S. No. Description COD Value BOD % Reduction Value SS % Reduction % Reduction 1 Inlet Collection Tank 600 2 Aeration Tank 60 90 15 95 30 95 3 Final STP Outlet 50 15 10 30 10 65 KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | APRIL 2015 275 Value 600 24 WELSPUN INDIA LIMITED, ANJAR, KUTCH 3.7 FEASIBILITY & CUM ADEQUACY TREATABILITY STUDY REPORT DESCRIPTION OF PROPOSED STP, TREATABILITY & ADEQUACY EVALUATION Adequacy of Proposed STP The adequacy of proposed sewage treatment plant of capacity 30 MLD is described as below. Table 3-5: Adequacy of Proposed STP of 30 MLD capacity Sr. No. Unit Qty. Flow Volume, Total Volume m3/day m3 m3 Min Hr Day HRT Remarks 1 Inlet chamber 1 30000 48 48 2 - - OK 2 Mechanical Fine screen channel (6mm spacing) 2 30000 8.6 17.2 1 - - OK 3 Manual Coarse bar screen channel (20 mm spacing) 1 30000 9.5 9.5 0.5 - - OK 4 Grit Chamber 1 30000 49.4 49.4 2 - - OK 5 Grit Channel 1 30000 56 56 3 - - OK 6 Anoxic Zone 2 30000 3141.6 6283.2 - 5.0 - OK 7 Aeration Tank 2 30000 16372.1 32744.25 - - 1.1 OK 8 Distribution Chamber for Secondary Clarifier 1 30000 24.5 24.5 1 - - OK 9 Secondary Clarifier 2 30000 6367.9 12735.8 - 10.2 - OK 10 DBM Filter 8 30000 145.2 1161.6 56 - - OK 11 CCT 1 30000 920 920 44 - - OK 12 Wet well 1 30000 300 300 15 - - OK 13 Sludge sump 1 30000 31.5 31.5 2 - - OK 14 Dirty backwash tank 1 30000 245 245 12 - - OK 15 Filtrate sump 1 30000 120 120 6 - - OK The STP is located in Survey nos 595 & 589 adjacent to the WIL premises. Treated sewage waters from the STP after Deep media filters will be conveyed to the WIL ETP premises for further recycling in UF and RO Plant. Rejects from the RO Plant along with Micron filter outlet of Common ETP will be drained out in the manhole chamber of the gravity pipeline system. KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | APRIL 2015 25 WELSPUN INDIA LIMITED, ANJAR, KUTCH FEASIBILITY & CUM ADEQUACY 4 CHARACTERSTICS OF PIPELINE PROJECT 4.1 TREATABILITY STUDY REPORT CHARACTERSTICS OF OUTLET FOR SEA DISPOSAL PIPELINE PROJECT OUTLET FOR SEA DISPOSAL Characterstics of Common ETP – Inlet and Outlet The Characterstics of Inlet and Outlet of Common ETP is presented in table as below: Table 4-1: Inlet and Outlet of Common ETP of WIL Sr. No Parameters Units Influent Characteristics Treated Effluent Characteristics 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Design Flow pH Temperature Total suspended solids COD BOD5 Ammonical Nitrogen Phosphate Phenolic compounds Oil & Grease Total Dissolved Solids Fluorides m3/day 15000 10 – 12 45 - 50 200 – 300 2500 850 30 – 40 5 – 10 3–5 < 20 2000 2 15000 7.0 – 7.5 < 30 < 50 < 240 < 75 < 15 <5 <2 < 10 2500 <1 4.2 Deg C mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l Characterstics of STP – Outlet and RO Rejects The Characterstics of Inlet and Outlet of new proposed STP is presented in table as below: Table 4-2: Outlet of Proposed STP and RO Reject Waters of WIL Sr. No. Parameters 1 Design Flow 2 pH Units m3/day Outlet of STP RO Reject waters 29000 10000 6.8 - 8 6.0 - 7.5 Temperature Deg C 20 20 4 Colour (Pt. Co. Units) mg/l < 10 20 5 BOD (5 Days at 20 Deg. C) mg/l < 10 30 6 COD mg/l < 50 150 Suspended Solids mg/l < 10 < 10 8 Total Dissolved Solids mg/l < 3400 10000 9 Oil & Grease mg/l <2 <2 10 Phenolic Compounds mg/l <1 <1 11 Fluorides mg/l <2 <2 Sulphides mg/l <1 <1 Ammonical Nitrogen mg/l < 10 < 10 3 7 12 13 KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | APRIL 2015 26 WELSPUN INDIA LIMITED, ANJAR, KUTCH 4.3 FEASIBILITY & CUM ADEQUACY TREATABILITY STUDY REPORT CHARACTERSTICS OF OUTLET FOR SEA DISPOSAL PIPELINE PROJECT Combined Characterstics of ETP Outlet and STP RO Rejects Characterstics of combined outlet of Treated waste water from Common ETP + RO rejects (of STP treated waters) meeting with Marine Discharge norms is highlighted in the table as below: Table 4-3: Characterstics of Common ETP outlet and Sea Discharge pipeline combined outlet compared with CPCB Standards for Marine Discharge RO Reject waters Combined Outlet Characterstics to Sea Discharge Pipeline Treated waste water Characterstics as per CPCB Standards for discharge to Marine Coastal Waters Sr. No. Parameters Treated Effluent Characteristics of Common ETP 1 Flow (cu.m per day) 15000 10000 25000 25000 2 pH 7.0 - 7.5 6.0 - 7.5 6.0 - 8 5.5 - 9.0 3 Temperature 30 20 26 < 30 4 Colour (Pt. Co. Units) 100 20 68 < 100 5 BOD (5 Days at 20 Deg. C) 75 30 57 < 100 6 COD 240 150 204 < 250 7 Suspended Solids 50 15 36 < 100 8 Total Dissolved Solids 2500 10000 5500 - 9 Oil & Grease 10 2 6.8 20 10 Phenolic Compounds 2 1 1.6 5 11 Fluorides 1 2 1.4 15 12 Sulphides 0.1 1 0.46 5 13 Ammonical Nitrogen 15 10 13 50 Bio Assay Test 90% survival of fish after 96 hours in 100% effluent 90% survival of fish after 96 hours in 100% effluent 90% survival of fish after 96 hours in 100% effluent 90% survival of fish after 96 hours in 100% effluent 14 KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | APRIL 2015 27 WELSPUN INDIA LIMITED, ANJAR, KUTCH FEASIBILITY & TREATABILITY CUM ADEQUACY STUDY REPORT CONCLUSIONS 5 CONCLUSIONS Following conclusions can be drawn from Treatability study and Performance Evaluation of the common ETP: The present common ETP at WIL is working satisfactorily and will continue to work with outlet quality matching the norms of Sea disposal. The STP would also function properly and the RO Permeates will be utilized in plant premises, whereas the RO rejects will be subjected to sea disposal along with Treated waste waters from Common ETP. KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | APRIL 2015 28 WELSPUN INDIA LIMITED, ANJAR, KUTCH FEASIBILITY & TREATABILITY CUM ADEQUACY STUDY REPORT CONCLUSIONS Kadam Environmental Consultants www.kadamenviro.com Environment KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | APRIL 2015 for Development 29 WELSPUN INDIA LTD.,KUTCH EIA, EMP, RA & DMP FOR COMMON ONSHORE TREATED WASTE WATER DISPOSAL PIPELINE OF 25 MLD CAPACITY ANNEXURES Annexure 4: Longterm Climatological Data KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | APRIL 2015 245 WELSPUN INDIA LTD.,KUTCH EIA, EMP, RA & DMP FOR COMMON ONSHORE TREATED WASTE WATER DISPOSAL PIPELINE OF 25 MLD CAPACITY KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | APRIL 2015 ANNEXURES 246 WELSPUN INDIA LTD.,KUTCH EIA, EMP, RA & DMP FOR COMMON ONSHORE TREATED WASTE WATER DISPOSAL PIPELINE OF 25 MLD CAPACITY ANNEXURES Annexure 5: Detailed Air Monitoring Results Average Pollutant Concentration (µg/m3) Sr No Station Code CPCB Norms PM10 (24hr.) PM2.5 (24hr.) SO2 (24hr.) NOx (24hr) Industrial,Residential, Rural and Other Area 100 60 80 80 Ecologically Sensitive Area (Notified by Central Govt.) 100 60 30 30 Sampling Date Sampling Location Area /Category 1 AA01 04.11.2014 Start Point Other 60 24 8.2 15.2 2 AA01 05.11.2014 Start Point Other 53 21 8.6 17.3 3 AA01 11.11.2014 Start Point Other 69 22 8.9 18.6 4 AA01 14.11.2014 Start Point Other 57 18 8.1 13.7 5 AA01 17.11.2014 Start Point Other 63 16 8.7 17.3 6 AA01 20.11.2014 Start Point Other 52 21 9.1 16.6 7 AA01 24.11.2014 Start Point Other 67 23 8.9 15.5 8 AA01 27.11.2014 Start Point Other 61 22 10.3 14.4 9 AA01 01.12.2014 Start Point Other 64 30 8.3 19.5 10 AA01 04.12.2014 Start Point Other 55 29 8.4 17.3 11 AA01 09.12.2014 Start Point Other 57 25 9.4 15.6 12 AA02 12.11.2014 Gandhidham Residential 59 42 8.2 15.4 13 AA02 15.11.2014 Gandhidham Residential 63 25 9.9 13.5 14 AA02 18.11.2014 Gandhidham Residential 69 25 10.3 15.3 15 AA02 21.11.2014 Gandhidham Residential 72 34 8.3 15.1 16 AA02 26.11.2014 Gandhidham Residential 66 46 9.5 15.9 17 AA02 29.11.2014 Gandhidham Residential 62 38 9.4 16.6 18 AA02 03.12.2014 Gandhidham Residential 53 22 10.1 14.7 19 AA02 06.12.2014 Gandhidham Residential 71 28 8.5 18.9 20 AA02 10.12.2014 Gandhidham Residential 65 18 10.1 16.4 21 AA03 10.11.2014 Adipur Residential 47 19 8.1 14.3 22 AA03 13.11.2014 Adipur Residential 61 34 8.9 15.8 23 AA03 19.11.2014 Adipur Residential 65 16 10.2 20.5 24 AA03 22.11.2014 Adipur Residential 51 26 8.6 14.7 25 AA03 25.11.2014 Adipur Residential 57 23 10.4 15.2 26 AA03 28.11.2014 Adipur Residential 53 22 9.7 16.5 27 AA03 02.12.2014 Adipur Residential 58 14 8.9 15.3 28 AA03 05.12.2014 Adipur Residential 63 38 9.4 16.1 29 AA03 08.12.2014 Adipur Residential 44 19 8.6 17.6 30 AA03 11.12.2014 Adipur Residential 57 23 9.8 16.3 31 AA04 06.11.2014 Shinai Residential 51 14 9.4 15.9 32 AA04 07.11.2014 Shinai Residential 57 22 9.2 20.1 33 AA04 12.11.2014 Shinai Residential 53 20 8.4 14.5 34 AA04 15.11.2014 Shinai Residential 58 26 9.8 16.3 35 AA04 19.11.2014 Shinai Residential 63 16 9.2 15.2 KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | APRIL 2015 WELSPUN INDIA LTD.,KUTCH EIA, EMP, RA & DMP FOR COMMON ONSHORE TREATED WASTE WATER DISPOSAL PIPELINE OF 25 MLD CAPACITY ANNEXURES Average Pollutant Concentration (µg/m3) Sr No Station Code CPCB Norms PM10 (24hr.) PM2.5 (24hr.) SO2 (24hr.) NOx (24hr) Industrial,Residential, Rural and Other Area 100 60 80 80 Ecologically Sensitive Area (Notified by Central Govt.) 100 60 30 30 Sampling Date Sampling Location Area /Category 36 AA04 22.11.2014 Shinai Residential 44 12 9.9 14.3 37 AA04 26.11.2014 Shinai Residential 57 20 8.7 21.1 38 AA04 29.11.2014 Shinai Residential 78 24 9.7 14.3 39 AA04 01.12.2014 Shinai Residential 75 27 10.5 15.7 40 AA04 04.12.2014 Shinai Residential 56 19 9.9 14.1 41 AA04 09.12.2014 Shinai Residential 53 15 9.7 21.3 42 AA05 04.11.2014 Kidana Residential 59 16 9.4 14.8 43 AA05 05.11.2014 Kidana Residential 63 11 8.7 17.9 44 AA05 11.11.2014 Kidana Residential 69 28 8.1 15.3 45 AA05 14.11.2014 Kidana Residential 72 22 8.7 13.4 46 AA05 17.11.2014 Kidana Residential 66 20 9.5 15.5 47 AA05 20.11.2014 Kidana Residential 62 24 8.4 16.8 48 AA05 24.11.2014 Kidana Residential 53 24 9.2 16.7 49 AA05 27.11.2014 Kidana Residential 71 16 8.6 15.3 50 AA05 02.12.2014 Kidana Residential 65 28 10.4 16.4 51 AA05 05.12.2014 Kidana Residential 47 32 10.1 21.1 52 AA05 08.12.2014 Kidana Residential 61 23 9.5 20.3 53 AA05 11.12.2014 Kidana Residential 65 21 9.2 19.7 54 AA06 07.11.2014 Bharpar Residential 62 15 9.1 16.1 55 AA06 08.11.2014 Bharpar Residential 42 19 8.4 19.5 56 AA06 10.11.2014 Bharpar Residential 57 24 10.2 14.9 57 AA06 13.11.2014 Bharpar Residential 51 31 9.2 15.2 58 AA06 18.11.2014 Bharpar Residential 40 12 9.3 16.4 59 AA06 21.11.2014 Bharpar Residential 53 10 9.7 17.2 60 AA06 25.11.2014 Bharpar Residential 60 15 9.5 13.6 61 AA06 28.11.2014 Bharpar Residential 66 17 9.7 14.6 62 AA06 03.12.2014 Bharpar Residential 49 20 8.4 13.4 63 AA06 06.12.2014 Bharpar Residential 54 22 10.2 20.4 64 AA06 10.12.2014 Bharpar Residential 63 20 9.3 19.6 KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | APRIL 2015 WELSPUN INDIA LTD.,KUTCH EIA, EMP, RA & DMP FOR COMMON ONSHORE TREATED WASTE WATER DISPOSAL PIPELINE OF 25 MLD CAPACITY Annexure 6: National Ambient Air Quality Stations KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | APRIL 2015 ANNEXURES WELSPUN INDIA LTD.,KUTCH EIA, EMP, RA & DMP FOR COMMON ONSHORE TREATED WASTE WATER DISPOSAL PIPELINE OF 25 MLD CAPACITY KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | APRIL 2015 ANNEXURES WELSPUN INDIA LTD.,KUTCH EIA, EMP, RA & DMP FOR COMMON ONSHORE TREATED WASTE WATER DISPOSAL PIPELINE OF 25 MLD CAPACITY ANNEXURES Annexure 7: Selected Alignment Route KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | APRIL 2015 251 WELSPUN INDIA LTD.,KUTCH EIA, EMP, RA & DMP FOR COMMON ONSHORE TREATED WASTE WATER DISPOSAL PIPELINE OF 25 MLD CAPACITY Annexure 8: Compliance to CCA KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | APRIL 2015 ANNEXURES WELSPUN INDIA LTD.,KUTCH EIA, EMP, RA & DMP FOR COMMON ONSHORE TREATED WASTE WATER DISPOSAL PIPELINE OF 25 MLD CAPACITY KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | APRIL 2015 ANNEXURES WELSPUN INDIA LTD.,KUTCH EIA, EMP, RA & DMP FOR COMMON ONSHORE TREATED WASTE WATER DISPOSAL PIPELINE OF 25 MLD CAPACITY KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | APRIL 2015 ANNEXURES WELSPUN INDIA LTD.,KUTCH EIA, EMP, RA & DMP FOR COMMON ONSHORE TREATED WASTE WATER DISPOSAL PIPELINE OF 25 MLD CAPACITY KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | APRIL 2015 ANNEXURES WELSPUN INDIA LTD.,KUTCH EIA, EMP, RA & DMP FOR COMMON ONSHORE TREATED WASTE WATER DISPOSAL PIPELINE OF 25 MLD CAPACITY KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | APRIL 2015 ANNEXURES WELSPUN INDIA LTD.,KUTCH EIA, EMP, RA & DMP FOR COMMON ONSHORE TREATED WASTE WATER DISPOSAL PIPELINE OF 25 MLD CAPACITY KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | APRIL 2015 ANNEXURES WELSPUN INDIA LTD.,KUTCH EIA, EMP, RA & DMP FOR COMMON ONSHORE TREATED WASTE WATER DISPOSAL PIPELINE OF 25 MLD CAPACITY KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | APRIL 2015 ANNEXURES WELSPUN INDIA LTD.,KUTCH EIA, EMP, RA & DMP FOR COMMON ONSHORE TREATED WASTE WATER DISPOSAL PIPELINE OF 25 MLD CAPACITY Annexure 9: Land Lease Agreement for STP and other permission letters KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | APRIL 2015 ANNEXURES WELSPUN INDIA LTD.,KUTCH EIA, EMP, RA & DMP FOR COMMON ONSHORE TREATED WASTE WATER DISPOSAL PIPELINE OF 25 MLD CAPACITY KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | APRIL 2015 ANNEXURES WELSPUN INDIA LTD.,KUTCH EIA, EMP, RA & DMP FOR COMMON ONSHORE TREATED WASTE WATER DISPOSAL PIPELINE OF 25 MLD CAPACITY KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | APRIL 2015 ANNEXURES Annexure 10: HTL –LTL Demarcation Map Kadam Environmental Consultants www.kadamenviro.com Environment for Development CONTACT DETAILS Vadodara (Head Office) 871/B/3, GIDC Makarpura, Vadodara, India – 390 010. 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