'M\\kI\I\I kI\U\\\\UII\I\I\II\
49308
Selection of press cuttings
US 'rithdrawal
Selection de
coupures de presse
concernant le retrait des Etats-Unis
Selecci6n de recortes de
el retiro de los
prensa sobre
Estados Unidas de la OIT
Pressestimmen zum Rickzug der USA
aus der lAO
j
ILO LI8RRR
1211 GENEVA 22
*ee49261*
INTERNATiONAL
&tbune
Publiohed with The New York Times end The Washington Post
Page 6 -Friday, November 4, 19'Vl
*
ut of the 1LO
President Carter's decision to quit the In-
ternational Labor Organization makes us
wince. For In recent months the organization had been reducing the politicization of
which the United States had earlier (and
fairly) complained. On his own hook, for
But in the end he seemed insensitive both to
the improvements made, in part, because of
his pressure and to the benefits to U.S.
workers that continued participation might
bring. The President must deal with Mr.
Meany across a broad range of domestic and
instance, the director general had unilaterally assumed the right to screen rawly
international issues. The ILO evidently became the sacrificial lamb.
The Industrial democracies in Europe and
The word at the White House Is that the
United States remains ready to return to
the ILO if it again becomes "true to its
proper principles and procedures." Do not
political resolutions off the ILO agenda.
Asia, meanwhile, responding to U.S. urging,
had 'been working as good allies to make
the ILO more effective. To us there seemed
adequate grounds for the President to rule
that, even if the AFL-CIO and the Chamber
of Commerce wished to withdraw their labor
and business delegations from this unusual
tripartite organization, the U.S. government
delegation should stay another year or two
to see the ILO home. There were 46 post-
war precedentsgovernment staying while
labor and business delegations quitfor this
course of action, and apparently there was
strong support for it from Secretary of State
Cyrus Vance and from the President's national security adviser, Zbi'gnlew Brzezinski,
who you would normally expect to prevail
on a matter of international policy.
So one Is invariably led to speculate that
Mr. Carter acted as he did to bolster his
the AFL-CIO's
George Meany, the more so since the White
House explanation for the decision was so
unpersuas've. Mr. Meany had voiced some
Legitimate objections to previous Third
overall relationship with
World-Communist despoiling of the 1W.
hold your breath for the ILO to jump
through hoops to 'win back the United
States.
The kFL-CIO will probably try to
rejoin yet another International group it
quit some years ago, the (non-Communist)
International Confederation of Free Trade
Unions. The administration, however, must
immediately concentrate on limiting the political damage at home. Already on Capitol
Hill the know-nothings are whooping it up
to slice into other international organizations. This spirit was nicely captured by
the suggestion in a recent column by George
Will that 1U.S. withdrawal from the IIO
"will be a warning shot across the bow of
the United Nations, another 'Ship of Fools'
from 'which, erentually, the United 'States
may want to disembark." The ILO, because
of its business and labor components, may
be uniquely viulnerable to such domestic
political pulls. But no prudent government
would want to count on that.
'IBE WASHINGTON POST.
(International Herald Tribune, 5-6 Nov. 1977)
Aiilysis
JILO PuJUoTIt b
U080: Shock Therapy
ILO might have jeopatdized this
By A. H. Raskin
WASHINGTON, Nov. 4 (NYT.
coopera.tIor
by touching off a
conflict in Congress over conPresident Carter's decision to tinuation
of this country's $20withdraw the United States from
the International Labor Organiza-
million annual contribution to the
agency.
tion is viewed by union and in- labor
The State Department, on the
dustry leaders as an exercise in losing
of a struggle with the
shock therapy that null discour- Cabinetsideover
the issue, still
age the use of United Nations doubts that a withdrawal
by the
bodies as anti-U.S. forums.
United States will result in the
The President's decision ended adoption of the sort of changes
a tug-of-war in which the polit- in the world labor body that It
ical pressures exerted by a rare had been seeking. Essentially.
united front of labor and business these changes were designed to
won out over the advice of Mr. end what Washington contends
Carter's chief foreign-policy ad- has been the use of the organizavisers and the unanimous urging tion for partisan purposes by a
of this country's principal over- coalition composed of the Soviet
seas allies.
bloc, the Arab states and many
A decisive factor in the con- of the Third World nations.
trovessy, according to high-rankVersailles Treaty
ing aides to Mr. Carter, was the
President's certainty that the ofThe ILO was created under the
ficial representatives of U.S. Treaty of Versailles, In 1919, to
workers and eniployersthe AELhe well-being of workCIO and the U.S. Chamber of promote
ers through treaties establlshing
Commercewould boycott the minimum labor standards, forbidU.S. delegation to the UN agency ding forced labor and protecting
even if the government stayed freedom of association. It also
in.
Secretary of Labor Ray Mar- sponsor technical-assistance proshall, the strongest advocate of jets aimed at raising wages and
withdrawal among Mr. Carter's increasing employment in the
close advisers, had argued that a developing countries. It has 135
U.S. delegation with only government representatives would make
a mockery of the concern the
United States has been expressing
over the weakening of the theoretically three-part character of
ILO delegations, in which representatives of labor and business
are accorded an equal voic'e with
government.
member states.
The United States charges that
the ILO majority is applying a
"double standard" by ignoring
gross violations of workers' rights
totalitarian regimes while
censuring Israel and other democratic nations.
Publicly, State Department ofby
ficials expressed hope that the
shock of a U.S. withdrawal would
In Practice
induce countries that had urged
then secretary of state, gave the
Washington to stay in the organization to work harder to
al, he criticized the ILO on the
the United States had sought.
In 1975, when Henry Kissinger,
tw&year U.S. notice of withdraw-
achieve the sort of changes that
ground that worker and employer
However, privately, they make no
secret of their fear that the
representatives from the Communist bloc and elsewhere were
in practice subservient to their
governments.
Beyond this consideration, however, were certain immediate
political constraints on the
-
ministration, which is having in.
creasing difficulty with Congress
on key elements in its legislative
program. George Meany, the
AFL-CIO president, after considerable initial coolness toward
Mr. Carter, has been giving important help to the White House
in the bitterest of the current
battles on Capitol Hill.
Specifically, Mr. Meany has put
the federation's lobbying apparatus, widely regarded as among
the most effective in Washington,
into action to support the President's much-battered energy bill
and the new Panama Csna1
treaties. A Carter decision to
keep. the Uzflt4 States n, the
pullout may actually strengthen
the power of Moscow and the
Arabs in the 110.
There is also fear that the
decision to get out of the ILO
will lead to pressure for the United States to quit other UN bodies
and perhaps the UN Itself.
But spokesmen for labor and
expressed the strong
belief that withdrawal wad esserItlai to maintenance of U.S.
credibility In international afbusiness
fairs.
'Disproportion' is Seen
GENEVA, Nov. 4 (NYT).-
Francis Blanchard, director-general of the 110, said today there
was an "enormous disproportion"
between the 11.5. decision to
withdraw from the UN agency
and the reasons given by' Washlngton for the move.
The ILO official is proposing
a series of program cuts and
emergency financial measures to
offset the loss for the last two
montL. of this year of $2,9 million as a result of th U.S. de-
partur, and of $42.3 million that
Washington was to contribute to
the ILO budget for 1978-79.
He rejected all suggestions that'
the ILO had been "paralyzed"
in its activities because of political diversions or that Israel was
the victim of "harassment" in
the organization. He also denied
that the organization was "dominated" by the Soviet bloc or by
any other group of countries.
(rternaiona1 Herald
Tr1bune
Nov.
16, 1977)
The Ostrich and the ILO
Icow that PresIdent Carter has made good
on Henry Kissinger's threat to quit the International Labor Organization unless it be-
haved in a manner acceptable to (eorge
Meany, two questions emerge: What can be
done to limit the damage of the American
resignation? And what benefit can be found
in an otherwise unfortunate decision?
Meany's anger had little to do with the
real work of the 110 to improve employment
re-entry, for 'which the administration
should now set clear criteria. The ILO's conference debates have been notably le diversionary since Kissinger threatened £esignation tiwo years ago. Should that recqd COfl:
tinueand Its director-general, Francis
Blanchard, says he Is determined that it Will.
the case for American re-entry in, say, two
years will be strong.
There are lessons in the recent experience
conditions throughout the world and to at- for both the 110 and for Americans. For
tack chronic unemployment In developing - the 110 and other United Nations agencies,
countries. He objected rather to the tendency such as 'tYnesco or the World Health Orof the organization's annual conference to ganization, the lesson is .that i. they- allow-.. succumb to 'outSide" political controver1es their prodic governi t.cOziferefltes '-to be-'
u d1apII&
Those iwho resist this tendency, in the 110 their 1mportant workllke the Arab eiisecretariat and some member governmehs; deta- against Israeltii,ey risk losing the
will now 'be 'handicapped by the absence of benefits that flow front-the participation
the United States. Moreover, without the of the United States.
-For Americans, the ieson Is almost the
American contribution of one-quarter of the
110 budget, important programs could be 'converse. Resignation is a blunt lntrument,
jeopardized, adversely affecting the lives of arorpriate only to the most dire circumthe poor In many countries. And higher Stances. It is not easily wielded to promote
labor standards around the world serve the the reforms we seek In United Nations agen-'
economic as 'well as humane Interests of des. It 'can also con'irey an impression of
American withdrawal from wide participaAmerican labor unions.
in.art,,
floppily, on the day the administration
announced its decision to leave . the 110,
the United States also raised its voluntary
contribution to the United Nations Development Program by $15 million, two-thirds of
Its annual ILO dues. Since the Development
Progam pays the Cost of some I..0 technical
assistance programs, this coincidence suggests one way of mitigating the damage of
withdrawal. Better stilj would be American
co$Ws rjao
tion in International affairs. I! anything,
our resignation Is likely to leave the arena
open to more of the rhetorical politics that
sops energy and morale. As a rule, the United States should stand and 1ght. In United Nations agencies, as in other political
arenas, the ostrich-Is seldom a useful model.
ven well-heeled ostriches do not make
good fighters.
THE NEW YORK TIMES.
(The New '?ork Times, Nov 2, 1977)
U.S. Quits I.LO.
And Touches Off
A Furor in U.N.
By PRANAY GUPTE
Special to TijPi New York Thoel
UNiTED NATIONS, N.Y., Nov. 1.
President Carter withdrew the United
States from the International Labor Or-
Step Is Culled Drastic
"This Is an extremely drastic measure
.ken by the President of the United
States," Mr Blanchard aaid at a news
conference here tonight.
Mr. Blanchard, a Frenchman, said that
e had drawn.up a "contingency plan"
United States contributions would continue indirectly through the United Nations,
Development Program.
American resentment against the organization crystallized in 1974, when a
coalition of Arab and Communist countries pushed through a resolution condemning Israel for "racism" and occupying Arab lands. The next year, Secretary
ganization today, touching off bitter criticism of the action here.
Secretary General Kurt Waldheim ref State Henry A. Kissinger 'said the Unitcalled it a "retrogressive step" and ether 1 ad States would withdraw within two
diplomats said it was "stupid" and "ill- I years unless the organization stopped
being so political and returned to its
timed."
oTginal punose of monitoring labor con"I don't think it was a wise decision," ditions.
said Dr. Alimed Esmat Abdel Megu.id,
Mr. Kissinger also accused the LL.O.
Egypts chief delegate at the United Na- of itppying double standards and violattions. "I belong to the school that be- Ing due process in its evaluation of labor
lieves that the United States should have iraetices In different countries. Many
siembers, he added, did not live up to
stayed in the organization."
the LL.O. principle of Including indepenAi-
Criticism From West
Dr. Meguid's sentiments were echoed
by other third-world diplomats, but reaê-
tion was just as Intense from Western
diplomats.
"The United States has always said we
should fight from within, but apparently
thi5 has changed now," said an Austrian
diplomat.
The withdrawal, which takes effect
nt labor and management representa-
tives in 'their delegations.
The Carter AdminlstraUon, when it took
effice in January, eva] nated the Kissinger
threat and decided to keep the same poli-
cy, Mr. Marshall noted. But the annual
.L,O. convention In June Indicated that
little progress had been made. In pai'ticuiar, American delegates were outraged at
a successful attempt to bury a report that
condemned labor ractices in the Soviet
Union and various third-world countries.
Just before the formal announcement
in Washington, Secretary of State Cyrus
R. Vance had telephoned Mr. Waldheim
to relay the news, according to a spokesman for Mr. Waldheim.
Francis BiancJard, the director general
Ray Marshall said at a White House brief- of the LL.O., expressed "regret and suring in Washington, however, that some pri'se" at the American move.
Saturday, will mean an end to the Ameri-
can contribution of $20 million a year,
one-fourth of the annual budget of the
LL.O., the oldest specialized agency of
the United Nations. Secretary of Labor
I
to cope with the withdrawal of the United
States
Such a plan would Involve "quite substantial" layoffs of personnel, the director
general said, adding, however, that he
would not engage iii "recriminations"
against the 900 or so American citizens
who work for the LL.O, at present in
many different countries and in Geneva,
where the organization has its headquarter.
Secretary General Waldheim, communi-
eating through a spokesman late this
afternoon, said he wished to express
"deep regret and concern."
The American move was "disappointIng," according to Mr. Waldheim, as well
as a "retrogressive slip from the princpe of collective responsibility and from
the goal of universality in United Nations
bodies."
Mr. Waldheim said he hoped that one
day soon the United States would rejoin
the I.L.O.
The telephone call that Mr. Waldheim received from Secretary of State Vance was
followed up by a Visit to the Secretary
General from James F. Leonard, the depu-
ty chief American delegate here, Mr.
Blanchard, too, was given formal notifica
tion of the American withdrawal this
morning by State Department representatives.
Some diplomats said after the announcement that they were concerned at
the criticism by American officials that
the I.L.O. had become excessively politi-
cized. "If they continue like this, they
will 'be isolated," said Dr. Zehdi L. Terzi,
the representative of the Palestine Libera
t.ion Organization here. "There is no or
ganization that is not politicized these
days."
(The New York Times, Nov. 2, 1977)
President Rejected
Diplomats' Advice
OnI.L .0. Decision
Foreign Competition 1 Cited
Mr. Marshall alluded today to the labo
pressure for withdrawal when he mentioned that the LL.O.'s failure to enforcu
fair labor standards In all countries
helped create "unfair competition" for
American workers and made It more dif
ficult to favor free trade.
By STEVEN V. ROBERTS
Speca to The New vo't Ttn1
WASHINGTON. Nov. 1 - President
Carter rejected the advice of his Euro-
Is
The I.L.O. was founded iii 1919 and
the last surviving remnant of the
pean allies and foreign-policy advisers in
League of Nations. .Wlth headquarters r I
Geneva, the organization is supposed I a';
International
tistica on labor issues. In recent yeai
withdrawirg the United States from the
Labor Organization,
an
agency associated with the United Naions that monitors labor conditions
worldwide.
The Administration felt that Its cred-
Ibility was at stake, since it had reaffirmed a threat made two years ago by
former Secretary of State Henry A. Kissinger to pull out of the prganization unless major reforms w'ere made. As Secre-
tary of Labor Ray Marshall said at a
White House briefing today, one would
have to "strain mightily" to say those
promote labor standards and collect st
it has started technical training progranui
in underdeveloped countries and In l9.9
received the Nobel Peace Prize for
efforts.
Opponents of withdrawal maintair. .
that it would weaken democratic force
within the organization. Secretary c,
State Cyrus R. Vance and Zhigniew Brz4
zinskl, the White House national securit;
adviser, apparently argued that the dei
sion should be postponed for anotlqr
year. The European Economic Communit'
reforms had been realized.
One reason the forzns were not made,
and many other nations voiced simi)
hers "didn't believe" that Washington
would carry out its threat. Another Administration official adde& "We had to
show that the President means what he
of opinion within the Administration Ira
said of the decision, "Nobody was haj,'
about it."
the Secretary said, was that other znem-
says, that we back what we believe, that
we don't temporize."
Another major factor was that organized labor and the United States Chamber
of Commerce, both of which participate
in the American delegation to the LL.O.,
had aupportefj withdrawal. Accordingly,
If the Carter Administration had stayed
in, It might have stayed in alone.
feelings.
Mr. Marshall conceded the differee
, In a itatement read by Mr. Marsh4ll,
President Carter asserted that "the tlz,ft.
ad States remains ready to rekun
whenever the I.L.O. Is again true t tt.
proper principles and procedures." Anther official expressed the hope that vbh-
drawal would provide "an mpetu! fv.
real inprovement" In the LL.O. But o'
body was willing to predict when
imp' ,vement might con
.
*' l(
.
1
WASHINGTON, D. C. ZOOfl
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NEW Y0R1, NEW YORK
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803,123
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,,_
OV 3
19TL
Struggle Over I.L.O. Pullout
State Department Opposed U.S. Withdrawal
But Stand of Labor and Busines, Prevailed
J-
Jii
By A. H. RASK1N
SaCCIOL to'Vhe
r'aw York TLrn,i
WASIUNCTON, Nov. 2President Car- ernnieflts.
nited States Beyond this consideration, however,
out of the International 1.ahor Organiza- were certain immediate political conlion is viewed by union and inclusry straints on the Administration, which is
leaders as as an exercise in shock therapy having increasing difficulty with Con-. developing countries, it has 135 mew.
that will discourage the use of United gre,s on key elements in its legislative states.
ter's decisk)n to puil the
N'
Anelysi
Nations bdies as anti- program. George Meany, the A.F.L.-C.I.O.
The United States charges thai:
American forums. The Fresi- president, after considerable initial cool- I.L.O. majoi'itv is appving a
dent's decision ended a tug- ness toward Mr. Carter, has beengiving standard" by ignoring gross violnlin,i
of-war in which the political impoi'tant help to the \Vliite House in workers' rights by totalitarian
pressures exerted by a rare the bitterest of the current battles on while censuring Israel and other det...
nited front of labor and Capitol 1-lill.
cratic nations.
Specifically, Mr. Meany has put the
business won out over the advice of Mr.
Publicly, State Department officials
Carter's chief foreign policy advisers and federation's lobbying apparatus, widely pressed hope that the shock of an Arir
the unanimous urging of this country's regarded as among the most effective in can withdrawal would induce comitri"
Washington, into action to support the that had urged Washington to stay
principal overseas allies.
A decisive factor in the controversy, President's much-battered energy bill and to work harder to achieve the soil
aaccording to high-ranking Ca rter aides, the new Panama Canal treaties. A Carter changes that the United
was the l'resident's certainly that the of- decision to keep the United States in the sought. However, privatcl', Slates
they
ficial representatives of American work- LL.O. might have jeopardized thl coop- no seci-et of their fear that th p011)1'
ers andernployersthe A.F.L.-C.I.O. and eration by tbuching off a conflict in Con- ina actually strengthen the power
the United States Chamber of Commerce gress over continuation of this country's Moscow and the Arabs in the r.L.O.
would boycott the United States dee- $20-million annual contribution to the There 1s also fear that the derisini.
galion to the United Nations agency even labor agency.
get out of the LL.O. will lead to pre'"
if th.eGovernm ent stayed in.
The State Department, on the losing
the United States to quit other t 1n:
Secretary of Labor F. Ray Marshall, side of the struggle within the Cabinet for
hodieg and perhaps the Uiui'
the strongest advocate 01' withdrawal over the issue, still doubts that a with- Nations
itself.
among Mr. Carter's close advisers, had drawal by the United States will result Nations
But spokesmen ror labor and busi'
argued that an American delegation with in the acoption of the sort of changes expressed
strong belief that v:i''
only Government representatives would in the world labor body that it bad been drawal Wasthe
essential to maint"nanr'e
make a mockery of the concern the Unit- seeking. Essentially, these are designed American credibility
in international
ed States has been expressing over the to end what Washington contends has
weakening of the Iheoret ira fly three-part been the use of the organization for parli- fairs.
the. world knows thaI this r
character of LL.O. delegations, in which .srin )lirposes by a coat;tion composed of try"Now
does not make idle threats," said
representatives of labor and business are the Soviet bloc, the Arab states and many nest A. Lee, tile A.F.L.-C.I.O's dir' i
accorded an equal voice with govern- of the third-world nations.
of international affairs. "Jiie counir
ment.
The LL.O. was created under the Treaty that. want us back are going to hay"
When Henry A. Kissinger, then SecreVersailles in 1919, to promote the well- make a decision nOW on making th liii
tary of State, gave the United States' of
being of workers through treaties estab changes needed to depoliticize the I
two-year notice of withdrawal in 1975, lishing minimum lhnr standards, forbid- .And the Soviet Union, the Arabs ant
he criticized the LE.O. on the ground that ding forced labor a'nd protecting freedom
in the so-called Group
worker and employer representatives of association. It also sponsors teChnical countries
are going to have to make a den
from the Communist bloc and elsewhere assistance projects aimed at ralshg on whether they want to be left in
were in practice subservient to their go'- v/ages and increasing employment in the possession of a worthless orgariiat inn;
(The New Y-rk Tirne, NCV, 6,
U
7i)
this' country's delegations even if the
-Government stayed in. Their reason:
Worker and employer representatives
from Communist-bloc countries and
elsewhere were merely tools of theii
governments rather than independent
organization's charter suggests'
Bids Adieu
Tàthe 1.LaS:v,
AsEpected
TWaiion had been threatened for they should be. President CaTter, with
wo years, but wiien the United States' an eye on Itborunion and'business,
fficiI139cithdrew inst week from the support for his energy package and.
nternationa1 Labor Orginization -the: for the -Panama Canal treaties therehock was still. considerable. And. fore was noteager to antagonize thoee
hock'wae just what the Carter Admingroups over continued membership in
stratk* intended.
tffeLL.O.
Washington's disillusionment with
The United States has long heen the
the venerable United Nations agency largest contributor to the organization,
-
t started life in 1919 as an offshpot.
f the League of Nationsdates to
1974wlien Arab and Communist coun-'
triespnshed through a resolution coniemning.1srael for "racism" in admin- Istering occupied Arab territory. The
year Henry A. Kissinger,
themSecretary of State, warned that
the United States would leave within
two- years unless the labor organizatin 'stopped taking pplitical stands
and instead reverted to monitoring
Iabo'cnditions around the world.
foIIowin
paying In about $20 million a year,
and Washington's departure will mean
curtailment of some programs. Wheth-
er it will mean the eventual demise
oYthe agency is not yet certain but
if that is the case, there will be few
tears in Washington. As one labor official said: "The countries that want u.s
back are going to have to make a decision now on making' the rules changes
needed to depoliticize the LL.O. And
the Soviet Union, the Arabs and the
so-called Group of 77 -are going to have
Tharter Administration has now. to make a decision on whethei they
carried: out the Kissinger threat, but want' to be left in sole possession of
it ate&-with more than the labor a worthless organization."
agency in mind.
.Athe membership of the United
NatiD1s has changed to. include mafly
Asian and African nations often critical of Washington's policies, this has
eat ubstantial changes in memberf other international groups,
ichas ;the United Nations Educaona15Scientific and Cultural Organizatio. Washington's departure front
ship
the- aor group therefore is in part
desed,.,as a lesson to those other
b'odies, most of them heavily dependent. on American financial support, to
avoid,biting the hand that feeds them.
Such, ction, however, now seems unlikely in the case of UNESCO, which
has .ben -embroiled in a row similar to
that.n...the LL.O. The agency has now
been pacWed and Isxael is once again a
member of the organization's European
groUp.
Domestic political factors also
worked against, continued United
States.membership. Representatives of
Unitec; States labor and business
groups. were threatening to boycott
'iwzua tn:e
President Jin Lifly cartei fljsi
decide whether the United states wilt
remain in the Intcinational Luhor Or..
gani ctien (11.01, the oldct and one of
the
specialized agencies in the
U.N. s :em, The President's decision
has not been made easier by a division
of opinion aniofl' his policy advisem,
the AFL.CjO nd th press.
if w
n tue n1ut
(Washington Post, 22.IO.77)ç
This lack of consensus has its roots in
a fundamental disagreement coneeL1
ing the organizstion's international
role. 'there ore r'rim who believe thu
United States should support the ILO
oi to the extent that the ILO supports
U.S. foign policy. Yet. this would
undermine the organization's chrrter
as an international intergovernmental
agency. The
ure of the organization
is such that eve1 te's jnterest cannot simultaneously be
sfled. It is
nevertheless apparent that tho inter.
eats of the United Stains and the ILO
largely coincidecertainly on fundamentals.
This is particularly evident in
field of human rights, which is pcs..
ently a priority in our own go':erra
ment. The ILO is one of the ptiiieipat
architCets of the international human..
rights program. It has the nnly
tive international niachincry for the
monitoring of such a program and £r.
the inplementation of its obje.aives.
In the ILO's almost ($0 years of exist-
ene., its work in these areas hs been
rocofsaizcd by political leaders and in
lawyers, as w&l as luadero
i.hw inovoueml', eint,JUyer organi-
humaarirhts leaders and relilasdero, .a having made a unique
c'
Pttin. The ILO's efforts were
with the rr.t.eipt of the
e
1: t..:.ee Prize in 1U9.
r
.
Your Oct.21 ditoria1 on the Interim- World countries to joni ,, ,esu
those in the United States who lional Labor Organization coneluthd ivarket-economy countries to hie iii
ioet \lithdrawal from the 1LO by that the decision to stay in or walk out iirr cent of the voi lag powe.1 iieeded tti
;..i U.s. government, it is apparently would be based on .'hetitcr there is pess ref craw in the 110 Coal er.'ace.
Reality No. 4: Anierieans tiost ntnot as important that the IL() support hard evidence that the tw-year warnkey Anierican policies as the fact that
ing period has had some good effect, feeted by the 1LO vant the U.S. to get
sone members of the organization, and that another year ci' 'probation" out. American workers, through the
time to time, oppose certain U.S. would bring substantial and enduring AFL.CI0, have said they want out.
American employers, through tue Nati.t!es. U.S. iJ..iirawal woulj be change.
... a U.S. c-tnployer parkipant in the tional Chamber, have said th.y want
ILO sLice 14, and as U.S. employer the U.S. to get out. in a "tripartite" 01., t...
..
,
stick delegate since 1.114, :i. can say unequivo.. ganhation, epeciahIy a ¼Li11uera1i.
iL.
'.P d1'd ul. ca our ability to eally that no significant improvements. country concerned anueL huirtit
can occur by ext nding the deadline of
hsrussjofl itt them. It is
y:,d
.e to cxh)..ct other countries or
our withdrawal fox one year. On the
rights, a two-to.one vote should win.
in view of these realities, which are
bile ophiian to accept this contrary, niore change can occur if we clear enough, the President would lose
and serve notice that we will prestige, not so much with our internaiona pipositio1& that runs withdaw
to &e: otn American tradition rejoin only when positive reforms are tional allies as with the American
.stiCe and democratic inade.
If reality is given fair weight, the
President's decision vihl be to get out
z'ru.n the endpoint of promoting now.
tT.S. foraign policy, centinued U.S. pat:Reality No. 1: The idea that the ILO
ticipalion in the ILO is of 1irt impor- helps
'human rights" is a
tance. We have a hi4orical comnit- t? cory advance
that Is invalidated by the failure
nent to uphold. The U.S. has Iwen the of many countries to implement ILO
key proponent of world order through conventions they have ratified. This
international cooperation. If we now go theory was most recently struck down
it alone we reverse and contradict. ourOi not o lopt
'C
s,O c.
s&v_ oixd 1eaa our friund
letia:e oL
people,
CIIARLESR. SM1TFI lr.,
u.s. ltmployerl) gate to the Ito;
United Stetes cbatn5ro Commeee.
y
Washington
In order to avoid any misimpression
or misinterpretation, please be advised
that not all- American trade unions and
not all international totions affiliated
with the AFLCIO favor withdrawal
front the ILO, per George F. Will's
inittee report on violations of hunnn column Oct. 20.
There are those viho believe it Is bost
If anything, therefore, thn IL()
s's.
utged the rights.
to stay in the U.N. agency and fight for
fru '. .. '.
mal:es
a
riockery
of
human
tights.
:. Cc, ,L..OjCC to remain
Reality No. 2; There is no hard evi- human rights and global economic and
t it v;uold continue to dence from congressional hearings, or social justice. Withdrawal would forfeit
in t .Lt) s
"c.xtc d its invaluable assistance to free government studies. of any significant the conflict to our adversaries, who
enterprise." Our responsibility ua well benefits to either U.S. workers or em- would be delighted to see the United
as our good sense dictates the necessity ployers resulting from participation in States abandon friends, allieti nations
of continuing our membership in the the ILO.
and pivotal Third World countries, too.
WILLIAMW. WINPiSINGER,
1120.
Reality No. 3: There is aLnost zero
ern.1onn'rreItdent.
1. ...t
.,
. -
DAVID A. MORSE,
rormcn1re er-General,
likelihood that U.S. government action
'.ld 'micov the votes of delegates
Interantlolill AItQCitLtiUfl orMachtht'te
epacøWerIcrl.
Michael W. JYloynilian
(Waahiuon Poet, Nov. 6, 1977)
Giving Up on the 1W Dream
The first book I read about the Inter-
national Labor Organization ended
with the line 'In this path, Sam Gonipen walked all his days." I don't
remember the name of the book. The
quote could be off, but I did not forget
the thought.
The ILO was Sam Campers' dream.
He wanted to juxtapose on the world
the pattern of Anglo-American trade
nnlonlsm. it was a good time for such
an Improbable dream. Worid War I
seemed to have established the suprem-
The writer, former speeiat assistant
'for public affairs to the Assistant
Secretary of State for international
Organizational Affairs, is an interim.
tional pubtic.affair: consultant.
ray of Anglo-American power, militar.ily, Intellectually and morally. We were
right, and the world was ready to do
what we do.
To speed things along and keep them
tidy, this power would be exercised
through the Holy Office of
international organization that would evangelize the true faith of tritart.ism. Nations
that had no effective government, no
industry and no labor unions would
never have to pass through the trauma
of the Homestead Strikes on their Road
to Huddersfield No, the lLO would
spell out a better way, engrave that
,way Into multilateral conventions that
would fashion the future of govern.
meat, business and labor relations everywhere. The ILO, In short, would ver-
ify the dream of 19th century Ameri-
By McNoliy br bb. Richmond Nawi IAld,r
labor-union apologists and the pygmy
business professional ILO batters Is
true. More important, the ILO did riot
do what Its American creators wished,
It did not transform business, government and labor relations In France or
Japan or Tanzania Into the model of
can trade unionists.
And why not? The biography of the Ohio.
almost revered secretary general of the r But It did some of thls The ILO was a
ILO was titled "Yes, and Alberv better vehicle for proselytizing Amen-
'l'homas" Anything was possible. The can values than perhaps we should
lLO pioneers called the early years the have expected. At least It was a place
"fanatic days." And finally the United where we could try, under ground
States, at the urging of the men who rules we bad written, even when the
loved Gompers, took Its first step in the "swirling majorities" were breaking
terrifying world of self-denial by join- them.
Ing our first international organization, '" Leaving the ILO may not matter
much but it could. The effort to shape
thjLO.
Now It is over. Like the lackadaisical the world in the Anglo.American fashCatholic at Mass, something that ion was not confined to the ILO. The
George Meany would understand, the charter of the United Nations is a pure
United States Is "last in, first out." We American mix of our English inheriinitiated the 1W in hubris; we leave it tance of respect for traditional observances and our native delight with the
in petulance.
Every word said by the sad American concept of human rights proclaimed on
the European continent by intellectuals
and pamphleteers of the Enllghtment.
It could bear the title of
Common
Sense." The General Agreement on Ta-
riffs and Trade Is Cordell linUs reciprocal trade agreements program
writ large. And soon.
What all these organizations have In
common Is that their charters have littie in common with what most of the
world Is like. The author of the Kissin-
ger letter putting the ILO on notice
In fulfilling a dreamprobably better
than what they have In organizIng the
Sun Beltand they let It go.
Business Is no better. The ILO won't
disappear, at least for a whIle. mer1.
dais-baed mtIrtlnatlonal coiñpanies can
In the meantime look forward to Inspection teams lead by hostile Ninotchkas checking on the conformity to ILO
conventions In their overseas plants.
With a few exceptions, like the Cater.
pillar Tractor Company, business did
that the United States planned to pick
up Its football and go home If it
couldn't be quarterback told me In the
United Nations at the time: "If we are
getting 'out of the ILO, we should havo
nothing to bold for U.S. membership. I
know, I tried to form a business com-
gotten out of this place 10 years ago."
When we consIder giving up on the
other International organizations, we
-.
Thus, It should he recorded that the
mittee to that end. No one wanted to
take on George Meany, not even New
Directions.
American trade unlonists4t4jgj win. will probably have more voices contest,
on this Issue of withdrawal. They Io,
They gave up. The dream was partly ridiculous, but most dreams are. The undeniable fact is that, with the ILO, the
American trade unionists had an edge
lag defeatism. After all, the Declaration
of Independence means more to Ameri-
cans than the Norris-LaGuardIa Act.
But the case for still saying "Yes" Is note
likely to ever be any better.
(AFL-CIO Nevi, Washington, Nov. 5, 1977)
'V
7E SUPPORT AND ENORSE the dccison of President
Carter to stand by the notice of withdrawal by the United
States from the international Labor Organization.The minimumohjectives set forth in that notice, the attainment
of which would hae jUStifiCd ccrndnued membership, were spurned
and repudiated by the June Conference of the ILO, despite two
years of intensive effort by American hbor, management and the
overnm ent.
The AFL-CIO does, of ruljice, siror.g!y advocate and szJpthe high ideals nd pr-cipks 'et forth in the c sttut13n iid
I:Ort
d c!r ations of the ILO ii art ni, htn rights, freedom of
2ssction end the p-rsuTt of hneii ernafloa1 standards of
life and labor. We intend to continue end eNpnnd our ork in the
international arena, in IL eace of those aims and principles,
through every effective cbaeI that is avHabIe to tis.
We stand ready to cooperate and to work with the free trade
union movements of the world, with our government and with man-
agement, the end that the ILO right in the future return to its
appropriate role in the promotion of its stated purposes. If and
when significant progress in that direction is realized, the AFL-CIO
viIl advocate rejoining that body.
---AFL-CIO Pres!dent George Meany.
AFL-CIO NEWS, Washington, D. C.
November 5, 1977
President's Action Endorsed:
'[I 5' 1--J9
.LOaL
As Necessary
"a majority of the delegates refused to halt: the organization's
movement away from its accepted
principles and procedures."
Meany said the AFL-CIO reThe AFL-CIO firmly supports President Carter's decision to go
ahead with U.S. withdrawal from the International Labor Organiza- mains "ready to cooperate and
tion and will use other channels to advance the "high idals and to work with the free trade union movements of the world,
principles" that the ILO once represented.
with our government and with
By Dad L. Penman
"If and when" the ILO returns to these principles, AFL-CIO
management" to help put the
President George Meany said,
ILO back on course.
United States should return to the dards and protect human rights.
Marshall told reporters that he
That was the ILO's goal under the
ILO.
League of Nations and during most is "optimistic" that the United
The American labor movement
States will again he able "in good
helped fourd the ILO in 1919 as a of its years as a United Nati'ns conscience" to participate in the
agency.
unique vehicle for worker-em1W.
ployer-governnient cooperation to
But increasingly, in the 197fs,
"Our commitment to -w'hat the
achieve intenational labor sian- the ILO sas used as a poificaI
ILO
stood for in the past and the
pawn by a Cornrnunkt-Arab votorganization's potential is undimining bloc that mustered enough ished," he said. "Equally undimin"Third World" allies to jam ished is our commitment to work
through resolutions aftaci-:ing Istogether with other countries on imrael, seat Arab terrorists as
ser ens" and ignore etahlTied portant labor matters."
Th U.S. Chamber of Commerce,
fact-finding procedures. A blind
eye was turned to abuses of
worker rights in one-party na-
which nominates the employer dele-
gate to the ILO, issued a statement
strongly backing Carter's action.
The United States annual contriWith U.S. worker and emplo'er
delegates strongly supp.rtin the bution of $20 million represented
mo'.e, the Ford ,Administration two about one-fourth of the JLO
tions.
years ago filed the required twoyear notice of withdrawal. At the
same time, the United States cxpressed the hope that the ILO
would adopt reforms that ouid:
budget. The United States will
still be contributing to the ILO-in-
directly through the United Nations, which makes an annual allot-
ment of $30 million through the
UN Development Fund.
Marshall is chairman of a CabThe showdown came last June,
at the ILO's annual conference in inet-level committee on the ILO,
make withdrawal unnecessary.
Geneva.
which he said will continue to func-
permar.ent worker, government nnd
State Dept. sought to keep the
tion as an indication of "our conSec. of Labor Ray Ma:shal and tinuing interest in the ILO."
AFL-CIO Sec.-Treas. Lane K-kBy all published accounts, the
land v.ere on hand, along with the
UnitedStates in the ILO. But Presi-
dent Carter chose the withdrawal
(Continued fro,n Page 1)
course urged by the Labor Dept.
employer delegates. But the fami- and the worker and employer deleliar coalition blocked action on a gations.
committee report to assure a fair
His formal statement noted
hearing on charges of violating simply
that the United States gave
ILO standards and a proposal to notice that
it would leave the ILO
screen out politically loaded propcorrective measures were
unless
aganda resolutions.
taken.
Such action was the "minimum"
The U.S. warning, Carter made
degree of reform that would have
enabled the United States to re-
clear, was not a bluff.
"Because such measures have
As Marshall told White House not been taken, I direct the U.S.
reporters in announcing President membership in the 1W to be termain in the ILO, Meany noted.
Carter's final decision to withdraw,
minated."
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BOSTON, MASSACHUSETT
CHRISTIAN SCIENCE
11ONITOR
M
164,835
iC1V 3
1977
-
The ILO without the U.S.
1
nual meeting of the ILO was not used for this
about what the lnf'ernationai Labor Organiza- propaganda purpose, and there appears to be a
tion is or does. Thus President Carter's ex- growing willingness among the ILO's members
tremely difficult decision to withdraw from the to institute the procedures hieeded to prospecialized UniterLations affiliate, a holdover hibit such political condemnation in the future.
from the old League of Nations 60 years ago, is
With each of the 134 ILO members reprenot apt to stir much public criticism. But the sented by government, industry, and labor,
ILO is very much a concern of i.many close what rio doubt weighed heavily on Mr. Carter's
U.S. allies, including the nine members of the decision were avowals from the U.S. industry
European Economic Community, and It is re- and labor representatives - i.e., the Chamber
grettable Mr. Carter chose to ignore their ad- of Commerce and the AFL-CIO - to .'ithdraw
%ice.
even if U.S. Government representati;n contim
They and many third-world countries as well ued. But it can be argued that now Ame'ican
The average. American knows very little
strongly urged the Carter administration to
consider extending its November 5 deadline,
labor will not be in a position to try to infiunce ILO policy, thus leaving the inter-
set two years ago by former Secretary of State national labor field to possible domination by
Kissinger, to 'ive the organization more time those with differing ideologies. As Senator Jato make reforms. Mr. Carter's decision to vits of New York aptly put it, '1 think we have
carry out the withdrawal threat unfortunately given . . . those, who are the enemies of freeis now apt to be viewed as a slap at these dom a much greater opportunity."
countries which had vowed to stand with the
United States in its campaign to depoliticize
The U.S. provides 25 percent of the ILO's
the organization.
funding, and Washington's withdrawal will put
The strong negative reaction at the Uflited a crimp in many of the organization's worthy
Nations was to be expected. The pullout natu- efforts to fight joblessness and improve
rall raises questions abr'ad about the depth working and li.ing conditions. These objectives
of Wshinrton's commitment to other inter- the U.S. still shares, and it is to be hoped that
national oganizations and to some, no doubt, the Carter administration's decision will now
must appear a continuation of a disturbing prompt the ILO to drop politics and propaganda for the nobler objectives for which the
Had the U.S. agreed to extend its deadline organization was formed in the first place.
beyond this summer's annual Geneva meeting
Over the years other nations have dropped
of the ILO, real progress might have been out and later returned. President Carter has left
made toward altering the rules which allowed the door ajar for a U,S. return pending recommunist and some third-world countries to forms to dipoliticize the ILO. The ILO clearly
use the forum in the past to attack and embar should make these changes now and thus make
russ the United States and !srael. The last an- the U.S. departure a temporary one.
trend toward U.S. isolationism since Vietn'am.
11 Nofthburgh
Street
London EC1V OJI
01-251 49l8
THE TIMES
NEW PRINTING HOUSE SQ.,
LONDON, WC1 X SEZ
ISSUE
DATED
.2 NOV 1971
IT WOULD BE BETTER TO STAY
The decision of the United States
to leave the International Labour
its contributions to the ILO for
American walkout will weake?i
a time because of complaints the case for a "western"
Organization, one of the main that it was coming too much approach to employment probinstitutions in the United Nations under the influence of the Soviet lems, particularly at a time when
system, comes in spite of pleas Union and other communist the ILO is giving most of its
attention to the countries of the
to a head in November, 1975, developing world. They tried to
when Dr Kissinger, then Secre- influence their counterparts in
tary of State, wrote a letter to the Unit-ed States, but without
dom of the step. For the ILO the ILO giving the statutory two success. When it came to the
for it to stay in from Britain and
other industrialized countries,
and in spite of doubts in the
State Department about the wis-
countries. The latest crisis came
itself, the results will be drama- years' notice of the United point, the AFL/CIO and the
tic. The organization will lose a States's intention of withdrawing. United States Chamber of Corn-
quarter of its annual budget
merce were both i-n favour of
His letter made four com- withdrawal, and they. ovetrode
the American contributionand plaints
about the ILO. He criti- objections from the State
will have to make cuts of some cized the
politicization of the Department when the issue was
20 million dollars in its activities. organization,
reflected in a
Originally founded in 1919, the resolution adopted in 1974 which brought before President Carter.
The decision was an unforILO is unusual for being the only criticized Israel for its treatment
international organization which
employers,
together
brings
workers and governments. When
it meets at its headquarters in
Geneva, delegations from each of
its 135 members come in three
parts and, in theory at least, each
part acts independently of the
one, and it is to be hoped
of the Arabs in the occupied tunate
territories. He accused the ILO that the Americans wilI change
their minds before too long and
to the ILO. The organiit censured for the violation of return
zation,
all, reflects the
human rights. He argued that world asafter
is, like it or not, and
with the increasing membership it has evenit shown
some response
of developing countries, and the to American complaints.
Since
presence of the communist the letter from Dr Kissinger
countries, the principle of tri- there have been no resounding
partite representation was being political resolutions of the sort
eroded, because groups supposed that the Americans, and others,
to represent workers or emof being selective in the countries
others. Together they have produced a long list of conventions
and recommendations on different aspects of relations between
employer and employee. Not all ployers voted the way their
of them have been fully complied governments told them. Finally,
with by any means, but there is he said that due process was
no question that they have influ- being abandoned because of disenced legislation in a large nuin- regard for the ILO's own conher of countries. In Britain, for ciliation procedures, seen as a
instance, legislation in the past way of filtering out political
few years on such subjects as issues.
maritime employment, arbitrary
dismissal and equal pay has
taken account of conventions
adopted by the ILO.
American dissatisfaction with
the ILO is expressed most
strongly by the AFL/CIO, the
main union grouping in the
United States, and has been
brewing for several years. In
1970 the United States cut off
object toa sign that strong
words, spoken jdiciou.sly by a
-country that wields the influence
of the United States, can have
their effect. At a time when the
Americans are showing more
concern than ever before for the
developing world, as well as for
human rights, it i strange that
Many other delegations, not they should walk out of an orgaleast the CBI and the TUC in nization that is very much
Britain, agree with much of the involved in both. At one time,
American Case. But they argue, there was similar pressure for
with some reason, that the best them to leave the United Nations
way to deal with the ILO's short- itself, because of frustration with
comings is not to turn one's back the Third World, but it was
and walk out; reforms should be resisted. It is a pity they have
carried our from within. They not taken the same line over the
are also concerned that the ILO.
44))
11 Northburgh
Street
London EC1V OJL
01-251 4918
THE TIMES
NEW PRINTING HOUSE SQ.,
LONDON WC1X 8EZ
ISSUE
DATED
3 NOV 977
American withdrawal from the ILO
Front Lord Noel-Baker
Sir, Your leading article today
(November 2) makes an unanswer-
able case against the United States
Government's decision to. leave the
ILO.
front member states, each member
pa.yhsg a little more, not so much.
as there are 134 of themand
should make everything they
succeed.
(10
I hope the British Labour Govern-
The decison is a bre'k with mett will propose this course, and
United States traditional policy. The
first conference of the Organization
was held in Washington at the
invitation of Wood row Wilson. Much
of its best work has been done under
the guidance of United States
citizens who served as Directors
General.
When the first of these. Jchn (Gil)
Winant, left Geneva to become
that it will be agreed. If so, many
United States citizens and United
States foundations will help them,
as they helped the League in the
early days.
Yours etc
PHILIP NOEL-BAKER,
House of Lords,
November 2.
United States wartime Ansbssador
to London, he told sue that, in his
belief, no institution in human
history had done so much to
hnprove the lives of so many
hundreds of millions of men and
woman as the lEO.
It will certainly be a grievous loss
to the United States that it will n.o
longer ha taking part in the ILO's
magnificently succesful work. The
loss to the ILO will be mitigated by
the fact that it will no longer have
Prom Sir Robert k'irkwood
ism of Mr Meany and those who
share his viewsviews Jiich con-
trade unions and employers, with a
view to bettering conditions ot
employment, worldwide, the ILO is
now little more than an excuse for
a pleasant month in Geneva, on the
to tolerate the neo-Joseph McCarthy-
sti:tute a formula for the suicide of
the humun race.
Thcre remains the question of
how the ILO should meet the serious
financial loss of £llm a year which
the United States decision will
entail. When in 1920 the then United
States Senate decided to leave the
Sir, Having served as "Employers
Representative" on a Jamaican
Government delegation to the Iitvrnational Labour Organization (ILO)
I was delighted to learn of
President Carter's decision to with-
draw the United States from that
body,
which,
whatever its
past
merits, is now a complete waste of
time and money.
Originally intended to promote
discussion
between
governments,
expense account, of a steadily
increasing number of delegates front
the poorer countriesz to justify
their presence theyegged on by
the communist countriesraise
League of Nations, Britain and
France agreed that they would
neverrheles bring the League to
totally inappropriate political issues,
and sponsor endless "convent-ions ",
governing working conditions of
readjust the barême of contributions
November L
with which they have not
and make it succeed. The' did labour,
the slightest intention of complying,
so to such effectthanks largely to but
which the Western democracies
the leadership of Lord (A. J.) Bal- consider binding,
four, Lord (Robert) Cecil, Sir Ausren
Moreover, the original 110 conChamberlain, J. Ramsay MacDonald cept was one of tripartite discussion
and Arthur Hendersonthat within between, respectively, the governten years the United States were ments, trade unions, and employers
taking part in ninety per cent of organizations of the member
the international cooperative activi- nations. The membership of monoties which the League organized; lithic communist countries has
and they were paying the second turned this approach into a fiasco.
largest contribution to its Budget
On my last attendance at the 110.
second only to the British Empire.
shortly after the Russian military
There cam be no doubt that the sunpression of the Hungarians, the
United States will return to the ILO. delegates of the USSR wasted i
In the rneanthne, the other members great deal of time denouncing the
should do what France and Britain shortcomings of the Western demoled the League in doing half a cen- cracies, Well done Mr President.
tury ago. They ho.uld resolve not Yours faithfully.
to reduce the important work with R. L. M. KIRK WOOD.
tle Third World and others on which Haven House,
they are engaged, and not to cur Sandwich,
their Budget. Instead, they should Kent.
lf
(The Bconomist, Nov. 5, 1977)
Meanwhile, at the OECD
But is that really o? The argument would be more
credible jf a rather similar drama were not being played
1©
1©
no rule
Two of the more useful international bodies are
the big stick
The trouble with the world is that it does not stop when
the United States wants to get off. Some Americans
find that perverse attitude genuinely puzzling, and the
price of their puzzlement is now being paid by two
international organisations that actually get through
some useful work: the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, and the International
Labour Organisation.
The public argy-bargy has been about the ILO. Two
years ago, Mr Henry Kissinger, vigorously pushed by
Mr George Meany, leader of the AFL-CIO, America's
largest trade-union body, gave the ILO two years'
notice that America would walk out, Since mid-
summer the American administration has been arguing
whether to let the period of notice run its course, which
expires this weekend. After some weeks of postponed
decision, and frantic appeals from the ILOworried
not least at the prospect of losing 25% of its budget
out on a much smaller stage and with nO publicity
whatever, inside the OECD. At issue there is the
organisation's code of conduct for multinationals. The
code went farther than the United States would have
suffering because the United States is waving, liked, but it is still fairly mild. It is also voluntary. But
all the governments agreed to recommend it to companies in their countries.
independent auto workers union, the AFL-CIO this'
There is now evidence that the United States,
summer made it plain to Mr Carter that whatever he alarmed by the Badger case and by the trade unions'
might decide it would not provide a worker member for attempts to bring other real-world cases to the OECD's
attention, is trying to shove the whole code (bar its
the American delegation.
Business told him the same. The National Associ- provisions on bribery) if not into cold storage at least
ation of Manufacturers had long since withdrawn from into the display cabinet where it will look prettyand
the process. Now the Chamber of Commerce, which offend nobody. Not merely have the trade-unionists
has effectively nominated the American employer been told, squarely and perhaps fairly enough, that any
delegate since then, decided to do the same, Business attempt to stretch the code beyond its wording will be
objections are not quite those of Mr Meany. It is rejected; the OECD secretariat itself has been leaned
genuinely fed up with time wasted on politics, and with on to ensure that it shall be as inactive as possible in
the cheery votingusually against business interests observing how far the code is actually followed. It has
of third-world delegations which, it feels, have power been pressured to sidetrack its special consultant on
without responsibility (53% of the votes at the ILO multinationals, who in May was rash enough to write in
come from countries that collectively contribute 1.44% the OECD Observer that parts of what is now volunof the budget, now running at $85m a year).
tary today might one day, by frequent application,"pass
These feelings were matched inside the American into customary international law". Wrath and fury of
administration. The secretaries of labour and com- the American delegation at this statement of the selfmerce were for withdrawal; the secretary of state and evident truth, and a vigorous demand that truth and the
Mr Zbigniew Brzezinski for staying in, for obvious consultant be put in their places. The issue here was not
diplomatic reasons. ILO headquarters proposed a com- who calls the tune, but whether, a tune having been
promise: let the Americans postpone their withdrawal unanimously agreed, one country can dictate what key
for another year. But the objectors had an unusual it is played in. Little wonder that some of the smaller
means of pressure: having spoken up for tripartism, the OECD governments were upset.
United States would look very odd if it sent a delegation with no, or at best puppet, delegates from labour Many masters, not one
and employers. And there were straightforward politi- In the long run, this storm in a teaspoon could matter as
cal pressures. To anger both the pro-Israeli lobby and much as American withdrawal from the ILO. The loss
organised labour at a blow is never wise, least of all for of $20m will concentrate ILO minds wonderfullyin
an American president placed as Mr Carter is today. favour, maybe, of its humdrum work on labour condiIndeed, a decision to stay in might have met the blank tions, and agaInst showy exercises like last year's
Mr Carter this week made up his mind: yes, America
will quit. For the first'time since it decided not to join
the League of Nations, the United States is abandoning
one of the world bodies it has done much to foster.
Mr Kissinger had four, partly justified, complaints:
l The ILO, where each country sends representatives
of government, labour and employers, was losing that
tripartite character. Not merely from the communist
countries that joined the ILO in the early 1950s, but
from many of the newly independent countries that
have come in since, the three elements amount to, and
vote as, one.
C The ILO was becoming increasingly politicised,
Translation: it passed resolutions critical of Israel, and refusal of congress to vote the necessary $20m-plus fee.
in mid-1975 changed its standing orders so iat liberation movements could have observer status. Two were
invited to do so: the Palestine Liberation Organisation,
and the African National Congress, from South Africa.
The ILO showed an "appallingly selective" concern
for human rights (eg, on the west bank of the Jordan
but not the east one of the Elbe).
0 Before condemning countries (ie, Israel) on such
matters, it di not even stick to its own rules in
examining the. .'usations made.
The world is
at it is, so there was nothing much the
ILO could do abo't the first of these complaints. On
the other three it hss in fact altered its ways to some
extent, but not far enbugh io calm its American critics.
This year an American propc.sa! that would enable
political resolutions to be shunted aside was shunted
aside itself. So too Was a report by a committee of
experts which was milder about Israel's treatment of
Arab workers in occupied territories than about certain
third-world governments' handling of their own
workers.
Tnder corns
altered by ILO resolutions the day pigs grow wings. In
contrast, the obscure work of the OECD on multinaAll of which sounds reason enough for withdrawalif tionals already is having a real effect, because this is
you are an American. The rest of the world did not see real work as opposed to the loud noises of some other
it that way. Many third-world countries have objected forums. It is very much in the interests of business that
to the waving of America's $20m stick (though none the OECD's voluntary guidelines be made to operate;
offered to replace it). The JCFTU, despite its rift with the alternative could be mandatory rules operable only
him, had already appealed to Mr Meany to change his in Utopia, harmful alike to companies subject to them
mind, In recent months, EEC and other rich-country and to governments seeking to use or abuse them. The
governmentseven the Popehave urged Mr Carter wiser multinationals accept that 'fact. Others disagree;
to stay in, even though some shared some of America's fair enoughbut not when corporate disagreement
objections.
becomes governmental sabotage.
There are two issues here. One is whether it is
No country can be expected for ever to pay heavily
expedient, for America and its friends, that what is (on for activities it utterly disapproves of (as at Unesco,
the whole) a sensible voice should be withdrawn from where the row has now almost been settled). No world
ILO counsels, which have (on the whole) been sensi- body should ever be dependent for a quarter of its
ble: for example, the ILO draft principles on the labour funds on a single country. But the humble greasing of
relations of multinational companies, and its studies of the world economic system has to go on. It will not
those companies, do not display the whole-hearted easily do so, unless, at the OECD, as at the ILO (where
dislike of business that prevails in some other bodies. they have more excuse), the Americans accept that
The other issue is how far those who pay the piper can other countries can, quite honestly, not share their
expect to call the tune. The American argument (and views, and that international organisations have many
this includes those who wanted to stay in the ILO) is masters, not one.
that too much of the tune is being called by those who
Reason enough?
The ILO has thus trodden on two of Mr Meany's corns: pay virtually nothing, and that the United States is,
Israel and communist "trade unions". Mr Meany does - merely and reasQnably, trying to restore the balance.
not suffer being soft on communism gladly. He did not
in the 1950s, and he pulled his troops out of the
International Confederation of Free Trade Unions
fifteen years later for the same reason. The AFL-CIO
representative in Europe (and at ILO conferences), Mr
Irving Brown, is no soft-heart either. Though the AFLCIO machinists union wants to stay in, as does the
conference on employment, something that will be
(The Guardian, Nov. 3, 1977)
Th 1L4and'
when masters .empioyed.. rnen- a,nd govçrn-
nent held the niñg.ilFo4ay -'it- Is nonsenie.
Whether or not Soviet trade unions are in-
,eadt (wlret.ber j'nd, tte rflion'
góo4bye
'open to debate. There can be no
doubt that. Soviet employers are, b defini-lion,, agents of the tate. Many Third World
nations have unions which are effectively an
at a11)
Only macchistand a pretty de*r",
ete one al thatpays good money for
arm of the govennment. Their employers sur-
privilege f being publicly hmniilated Frsi-
dent Carter's decision to withdraw from th
-International Labour
-
Organisation seryes
notice to the Communist/Third World aii
which effectively dominates the ILO tht
America is no longer prepared to play the
polittçat masochist Uflhil the EQ abandons..
shrill and one-sided cfusades against -the
I
Wst which -it
to in.
hffe, - South Africa; pte-1974 Gr&e
.and the like) and latterly against Israel, the
United States 'will not be a party fo Its decisions. Neither will it continue to pick up the
tab. President Carter will no longer meet the
preposterous 25 per cent of the ILO budget
(now running at more than $80 millions a
year) - allocated .to America shortly after
World War Two, when the rest of the worLd
was on its uppers. So the ILO will have to
tighten its belt very considerably or else the
Soviet block an other nations, which find
the hA) . convenient forum for bashing the
'-chit!e
-
Wet, wifi henceforth have ' put rather
more monr where their collective. moaths
are. -
-
The US gave two years' notice o its intention to quit unless the ILO pulled itself
together. There has been little change. Even
so, President Carter acted against the advice
or all nine EC ipembers the International :
Confederation of Free Trade Uniona and his
- own State..Department. Their reluctance to
-
see the first significant resignation from. any. 'UN agency is lnc1rstandable. (Mçre so
because the ILO founded in 1919, -is the only
League of Nations body to have survived the
,IariL..withdrawaJ. of 40 years b3ck-.) $nd
thê'TóUn-that the-ptaee fh
the Western cause is wlthin not outside
- embattled agencies. In general, the critics are'
- ilght The US hul not w g storming
out of UNESCO the WHO, the- lurnan Rights
Coiinnissio,, fld the rest merely becanse
some ctedins nrb
peUticafl
motivated'
(poIiticUy nio'tiv4ed. aaibt ue, that is). -But -
one sriibofle walkout oow that the tJ
can- W as.'we3l s bark will do no harm at
alL lnde'it may help the Western .delega
tofls iLremain in theit last ditch' effort
to reform be1LO nnd so win back Amerk.afl
memb$htp--and AlnerLcan dollars
fle- reforms are obvious First, the 'In
partite system under winch each natiohal
eletlo 1.made upof three supposedly in-.
ependent,:gØups, employers, worko
and
(ovem4)t, must go It was relevant ni 1919
vive by toeing the patriotic national line.
Thus the effect of the tripartite rule is to give
a massive whipped voting advantage to the
anti-Western nations. Western :delegat-ions ae
often 'nuinely divided and it shows in thcr
split vOtes. Next subscriptions should ieflect
current national incomenot that of 1945.
Finally the 'ILO should eschew politics.
In recent years it has been good fqr a knee
jerk condemnation of the United States,
South Afiica or chile; it has condeiined
Israel for antl-Arab repression before ather
than after examining the evidence. But fundamental criticism of, say, Soviet anti-strike
laws or the systematic suppression, of free
-trade unionism in much of the Arab World
goes by default. The ILO has a job to do,
limited and unglamorous, in industrial training and the development of health and safoty
standards. It Is not the right vehicle for im-
posing UN' resolution 242 on Israel or restructuring the, pviet state
*re
frae wm
n caalonl '4oiome
thing (if only shout) when faced with the
horrors of .Uganda or 'Chile. Just possibly the
illegal imprisonment of strikers (in Poland as
well as Iran) It its cbpcern. But .aping the
UN General Assembly is no part of its task.
'TMid
esident artr is right to say sô
Øi-2i4i
119 ARmNGDON IOAD,'
LONDON EC.t
ISSUEDATED
-
--d±i
-
r-
MR FRANCIS BLANCHARD, director geneneral of the ILO, comments on the US
withdrawal from the UN agency yesterday
adhnTi9 6dp
o'n Jr- Rosen
rk
T-
Secretary General, Dr
W
h,!, has criticised thr
\mt cun decisfon to withdraw
1.
coir the Tnternaticiml Labour
At a press conference bore, Mr
Francis Bla nehard, the direct or
general of the ILO, said h
would h-av in call for "substantial " Iayuffr of ILO sir.
He also said he was" surprised
that Prcsiden Carter had taken
re ret'
prcgramnies aimed at helping
workers in the Third World.
He said the United States'
dopa-riure will deprive the
world
community gathered
together in our organisation to
')rg r a-tIon, calling it a " ic- "this extremely drastic meas improve the conditions of all
cog; c ive step from the priarticulo ny the poor-
elpic ci-coliective responsibility ixre."
among themof the support
Mr Blancliard said the loss of est
-d fi- rn the goal of univerof a great ccuntry whose people
American
eontrihulior,s
would
.ila1it
in United Nations he
nd leaders have always been
"painfulhe secretariat committed
bodic
to the progress of
will probably have to dispense humanity and the defence ef
Secretzu'y of State. with
the services cf a substantin-i number of extrnly good trccdom"
officials," He oftred no figures. Delegates from all bloek,s in
hut 1LO cideinis in Geneva- New Yerk seemed to he equally
whi?rc the ILO h,.s ii- head- surprised. The Arabs, especteok issue with the US for
cjuartersaid they haped they ally,
concern."
asserted that the ILO
could retain :'ll but ahout 150 having
sas
being
"po-liticised."
Tue US UI formal'y l-ea e of 2,O0 permanent eriiplo ecs.
the ILO on Saturday. That The director neral sid h There is no o-rganisation that
mean the end of tb-c arsual hoped voluntary contrihuiions is not pchiticised these days,"
American ecnirihuti on of 320 by Germany, Scandinavia, and si Dr Ze'hdi Terzt. the PLO reniilli.ons. which amounts to 2 other stato- would help to liiit presenlative at the UN.
Tin
.
Mr Vae, had telephoned Dr
Wal.dheii in advance to advise
him of . ciceisiirn, and Dr
Waldheim wid he wanted to
express 1w ' deep regret and
1
per cent of the ILO's budget. the effect 4! the hudct cuts on
977)
(Le Monde, 2 novertthre
ntsnt donno quo a contrlbutiOa
Un retour coriditionnel
GENEVE
ft
Les Etais-Unis dcideni tie se retirti'
L
p1iilque
de k cke vide
(.. e,t a i\I. George Meaiiy. n
pre"ident de Ia piisante centiale
scticale ain.iicaieie A.F.L.-C.I.O..
quc M. Carter a réservé Ia pci-
mcnr tie 'a decision tie retrait des
- Unis tie 1Organisation
iIiternatcfnate clu travail COLT.).
Cette initiative - une premiere s
thins I'histoire ainCricaine puisquc les Etats - Unis navaient
jacnaicc. iusqu'& present, dCserté
irs intitutiou' internationaIes -
nest. pas tout a faiL une surprise.
Depuis deu. ans deji., In Maison
Blanelmc' maisait planer La menace
fir AOn depart : nlais tes inteiven-
Uons presantea des pays atnis, Ia
recente declaration tin president
tie IO.I.T.
et les réticeuces dci
dEtaL pouvaient
kisser peimer qu'un nouveau dClai
ciepartenmeut
tie
réflcdon serait accordé par
M. Carter.
En tramu hant daus Jr vif,
le
président des Ftala-Unis a doinmé
satisfaction an patronat et aux
vndieats tie on pays, pins partieulierecuent an courant an ticonmnlum!.te qIli anicue ces milleux.
flcps plusicurs années, Irs representant', a m é r i c a in s des cmlo enm et des Salaries, cjui, selon
les régles origivahs tie fonctionnement di' 1O.LT.. siêiicnt an cute
ties reprCsentants di' rEtat, maul-
festalent leur opposition
I'évo-
lmctiou tie cette orgnnisation inter-
nationale. Face a Ia montée d"s
revendicatious des pays arabes et
africains, face an bloc qul s'êt.ait
a pen cimenté entre
pen
ics
La consequence In plus grave
cette decision est cependant
dordre social. Depuis t919, ci.
snrotit depuis 1945, l'O.l.T. jone
un rCl positif dans I']iarmonisation ties legislations sociale.
('ent cinquante conventions et
ce,t soixante recommandations
internationales ont tentC, par Ia
persuasion, d'aniéliorer les gatalien .matière d'avantages
ties
sociaux et tie liberté syndicate.
Outre l'assistance to c h n I q u e
apportCe star Ic tas par ties coopérants tie l'institution, I'O.LT.
examine les plaintes pour nonrespect ties conventions et
enquête stir place, en réussissant
parfois a faire modifier les dccision et Ia legislation des Etats.
Avec ties hauts et des has. l'O.l.T.
a reussi a erect S un dialogue et
une recherehe euncertCc a.
Le fossé gui n'a cessé tie geandir ces derniêres années entre
pays riches et pauvres, entre
si'ciétes eapitalistes et socialistes,
a certes tionsidérableinent réduit
l'etficacité tie l'O.LT. Mais Ia
politique tie Ia chaise vide que
viennent d'adopter
los EtatsUnis a rarement été efficace. On
pe it méme craindre quo le trem-
nations en voic di' développeinent
et irs pays tie lEst, les Américains
delegués tie l'Etat. du pati'ociat
blement de terre politique qui
I is u r e aujouxd'hui 1'O.LT.
porte in multiplication des deem-
que 1'UNESCO, ébranlée dIe aussi
par les quereUes sue Israel.
a m-echerche d'un compromis
et de syndicats - out nial sup-
rations politques et irs condamnations proférCes contre Israel.
Le retrai
des Etats-Unis tie
est maintenu et s'il
prolonge - Un retour n'est
t'O.LT.. s'ii
se
pas impossible, lorsqu'on sait que
seize
président aniértcain avait faCt
part tie Ca decision La veille,
lois dun entretjen avec
des dix-neuf nations qul
avaient quit.té l'Qrganisation y
M. Meany, to diripeant du syndicat A.F.L.-C.I.O.
Au siege tie l'O.I.T., ti Geneve,
oft aucun.e confir-ination of/icietle n'avajt etC donnée mardi
ma/in, on esptirait qua La lettre
des a u t 0 rites amCricains,
attenctue dans Ia /0 urn tie.
n'Ccaricrait p a s u ii retour
coiulitionnet ties Etats-Unis.
tie suivre Vexempic a merieam.
tie
n'atteigne prochainement d'autres
institutions internationales, telles
ne doit pas cependant. être écartee. La France, gui est en grande
partie a I'origine tie I'O.IT. aujourd'hui dirigée par un Frangais, - pourrait jouer le réle tie
niédiateur.
los domaines.
On apprenait toutefols quo des
nationaje du travail. Le
hue en raison de in suppression
des cotisations amCricaines, pd
asinrent Ic quart tie ses ressources. La représentativité de
I'Organisation internationale, qui
regroupe cent trente-cinq rays,
pourrait étre remise en cause si
d'antres nations Ctaient tentCcs
le
vembre, le retraCt des statsUnis de Z'Organisation inter-
financières que politiques et
sociales. L'activité tie VOLT.
risque d'être profondénient affai-
environ
M. Carter devci.it annoncer
offic?eflement. ce mardi Ir fl0
sont revenues. - aura de graves
et sérleuses repercussions, taft
reprasente
quart du budget, le conseil dadmi-
nistration du BIT, qul s'ouvre le
devra examiner di7 novembre,
verses propositions visant a restreiridre em dCpenses tans teas
est espéré a I'O.I.T.
tie I'Organisatioii in'.eriiationa1e tin travail
amCricaifle
La mission américaine auprés de
10.1 T.
ne devait communiquer to
retrait otficiJ tie son pays de l'Orga.
nisatiorm que mardi
novembre tiers
heures Los Etats-tjnis avaient
adhéré en 1934 a l'O.I.T.. fondée
en 1919
18
Cost until 31 octobre quo Iadrni-.
nistration américairre a I a i so e'
entendre que le président Carter
avail décidé dappliquer Ia menaceS
de retrait lancée par son prédécesseur ii y a deux ans. Un préavis tie
vingt-quatre mois. expirant le 5 no.
été donné par
vembre 1977. avail
Washington at in de protester contre
a politisatiori croissante do I'O.l.T
Is attaques qui y étaient menees
ontra kréI 01 roctro a I'Orqanivstion pour Ia liberation de Is Palestine dun stalut d'observaleur a
Genève. La nouvelle, indiquent Ies
agences de presse, a été presenlée
a M. George M e a n y, président
du puissant s y n di cat américain
A.F.L.-C.I.O. au cours dun entretien,
anti, a Ia Matson Blanche entre lu
et le chef do Iexéoutif.
En prenant. cette decision, lo
président des Etats-Unis a terru
compte des interventions pressantos
tie l'A.F.L.-C.LO. et deC ernployeurs
américains,
quoi qu'il
qul
avaient
décidé.
arrive, de se retirer tie
lOrgareisation
internationale,
oLe
chaque pays est représenté par
t'Etat, los syndicats et le patronat.
Solon
notre
correspondante
Genève, 10.1.1. n'avait recu, mardi
maim, aucune confirmation officielte
du retrait des Etats-Unis. La tiedno devait être offlciellemenl.1
rendue publique pie mardi vets
18 heures. Au siege tie lOrgartisation, oLe I'on ne connait pm lés
reactions du
directeur general,:
sion
M. Francis Blanchard, qui so trouve
actuellement
a
Washington,
lep
principaux resporisablès ne cachent.
pas teur deception, estimant quo te'
depart des detégations américaineC
tie '0.1.1. aftaiblira non seulement
l'activité do lOrganisation en favour
des travailleurs, mais portera Cgalement prejudice a toute Ia coopération
internationala
contributions volontairec - dent
I'origlne el 'e montarit lent pas
voiICs - vont pourencore Ca
être perrncti:3 iu BIT do résoudre
dans tine cerane mesure les nou-
financiêres quit
veltes diIticuitC
doit atfronter On espérait surtout
a Genéve que a cure officielle des
autorités américaines, attendue tans
Ia journée. serait I:belleo do facon
a laisser une porte ouverte a la
possibilité -ian ret,)ur a l'avenir.
J.-P. D.
Olarin, Thierios-Aires, 4.11.1977.
.
o
o ::ot' '"
II
XXx!t
.379
- -:_
?.qe s
.___________-.----
Fwdodo por
ROBERTO NOBii
eI 28 cle a9oso
ce 1945
4â ,rgenti'W le
S
p
__.-..-._..._°b.em)
-..------
Direc?oro: Ernestino Herroro de Noble
La crisis en
UNIDOS ha concreESTADOS
tado su decisiOn, anunciada
hace dos años, de retirarse de Ia
OrganizaciOn Internacional d e I
Trabajo. Los motivos para ello con-
sisten en Ia politizaciOn del ente
mundial, que lo alejO progresiva-
mente del cumplimiento razonable
de las importantes tareas para las
cuales fue creado, y en el prevalecirniento en su asamblea anual de
rnayorias niecánicas, con distorsiOn
incluso de los mecanismos de representaciOn. La consecuencia es
obvia: el gobierno de Washington
concurria a Ia financiaciOn de Ia
OTT con Ia cuarta parte de sus re
cursos directos, mientras que los
fondos allegados por via de las Naciones Unidas para programas especiales tarnbién fueron oportunamente recortados a raIz de Ia crisis
econOmica mundial. De manera que
el alejamiento de Estados Unidos
está destinado a tener un profundo
impacto en Ia más antigua de las
organizaciones internacionales, ciiya fundaciOn se emonta a la priniera posguerra, o sea al afo 1919.
En aquel entonces se considerO
que Ia reaIizacitn de Ia justicia so-
Ia OIl
de descolonizaciOn dio origen a las
nuevas. nacionalidades y, por
In
tanto, a una notable ampliaciOn del
ndrnero de integrantes de la OTT.
Las normas internacionales del trabajo pensadas en funciOn de aque-
lbs palses de economia desarrolla
da no siempre tenian aplicaciOn
en las condiciones de subdesarrollo
que afectaban a un grupo compac-
to de naciones. El énfasis en In
labor de Ia OTT se trasladO, enton
ces, desde Ia legislaciOn positiva
hacia Ia prestaciOn de asistencia
técuica a los paises rezagados. Para
esta nueva misiOn fue asignado un
fondo especial de las Naciones Unidas que se sohreanadió a las cuotas
financieras de lo integrantes.
Estas novedosas preocupacio
nes quedaron reflejadas en Ia Conferencia Regional de la OTT realizada en 1961 en Buenos Aires, con la
participaciOn de representantes de
los paises que integran La OrganizaeiOn de los Estados Americanos.
Alli surgiO Ia directiva de que el
desarmollo de los palses del area
requiere que se armonicen las pollticas econOmica. y social. Admitien-
cial es un ingrediente básico para
do Ia imnortancia de la etapa de
duradera. En la elaboraciOn de normas destinadas a proteger a los trabajadores, la OTT iIego a conforniar
tento de una politica de ingresos
el logro de una paz universal y
un vasto cuerpo de cloctrina, cuya
aplicaciOn internacional estuvo ge-j
neralmente garanfizada por los metodos consensuales utilizados pam
su elaboraciOn. El hecho de que las
representaciones ante el organismo
estuvieran integradas por delegados de los gobiernos, los empleadores.y los trabaladores sirviO eficazmente a ese ideal de armonzaciOn.
La fOrmula tripartita contrihuyO.
acumulaciOn de capital, conlo sus-
mAs eciuitativa, se entendiO enton-
ces aue no Se trataba de dos segmentos sucesivos en uris misma Ii
nea, sino de procesos convérgentes,
qu se realimentan mutuamente.
Todos estos antecedentes siryen para realzar el significativo
aporte de Ia OTT a las tareas de
modernizaciOn. Entre ebbs y las
posteriores actitudes poilticas, referidas por ejemplo a! conflicto del
Medlo Oriente, o a Ta situaciOn en
sus miembros.
Africa del Sur, dIsta un ahismo. Tal
como tamhién ha sucedido con Ta
UNESCO, la OTT se ideologizó, se
sectarizO y generO su propia crisis.
Esa crisis reciCn comlenza y es Ufl
mayor complejidad. El proceso
los organismos del sistema mundial.
durante décadas. a que el saldo de
la labor de Ia OTT resnitara de sigrio positivo nara Ia glohaldad de
La segunda nosuerri traio una
timbre de alarm a nara el resto d
("La Prensa", Mma, 2.11.1977)
La OIT Reduce ,sus Pr'&arnas;
m
que URSS inteiite Controlaria
GINEI3RA, 1Y (UPI). te d1 presupuesto do Ia los despidos no so undaLa OrganlzaciOn Intcrna.OIT y su retlro, anuncia- ran on a naclonalidad".
clonal dcl Trabao OIT) (10 por ci Presidente Jim- comcritó un vocero d Ia
anuncló hoy fucrtes re- my Carter on Washington, OIT.
duccloxis en sus progra- slgnlflcará uertos reduc- Fuentes gubernamenta.
rnas debido al retiro nor- clones a los programas de les Israclics dijeron en Te
teamericano y exprcsó ta.. entrenamlento para per. Aviv quo, a pesar do
mores quo los soviéticos onas do los paises en do- decision do Estados Uni.12
inteiten controlac i o- sarrolo, indcO la enU- dos, Israel no dejar
OIT. "Nuestra práctlea e
ganismo perteneciento a uad.
Aigunos
funclonarios
oxmantenernos an en la
as Naoiones Unidas.
1
Estados tJnidos cortri- prcaron temorcs que Ia peores sltuaciones, porqu
buy con una cuarta par. UniOn Sovit5tica trare do retirarnos serla hacer ic
dominar la organizaciôn, quo los árabs quiererA qUE
una vez quo o haya re- hagamos",
tiraclo Estados Unidos, debilitando Ia efectividad do
oi'r efl Ia vigilancia do:
los threchos de lOS trabajadores n los Estaclos comunistas o totalitarlos.
Funcionarlos do Ia OIT
dijeron clue habrá menos
i;
ducro para viajes, publl.
cacu)ne.' y reunlones, pero
cxprvsaron quo no Se dos-
lcciria a nts do 150 do
los 2,1100 cinplcados do in
OrganlzaciOn.
"No habrà docislones es-
peciales acerca th los 74
norteamericanos quo son
funcionarios permanentes
de Ia Orgariizaclón, ya que
("La Prensa", LIma, 3.11.1977).
y
t1'&...iL c
i_;___ (-S
_SJ
.J_vj__
ejcmplo, ciue en ci Con. eo do Ad
minlai,raclon do Ia CIT E.tados Url2 (AFP - La "cic'rnocra- dos 3' los principales pa1ss Induae i. Gr;anizacli,n ttcr- trialixados dis,ongan do una especie
acnai d1 Trabao exigida por ci do dcrocho do veto en vlrtucl do 103
Tcrccr .itu'.do en Ia Cofercacia do articulos sicto y 36, quo deben ser
unlo pasado en Clinobra rcbid un moclificados segun la tesis tcrcermun
srio oip.o al anuncia ayor lIsta- di:ta.
ds L1nic1o8 su retiro do Ia instituLos paises en vms de cicsarrollo,
dUn.
auncauc no pudieron Imponer .sus toEl heclio de cuc los paes dci sis en Ginebra, iograron quo la Co.
Tcrcer Mundo nayan nantenido us misiOn que ostudia las reformas esc:dgeicns en aquIia Conrerenea a tructurales do la OIT continue traposar
Ia, anienaxa cie abanclono bajando un año mds para quo Ci pro.
form uacla par Esacios Undos cics- bIcm vuelva a ser planteado en la
do IJ75 1u uno do os 'Iementos Coiifrencia Internaclonal del año
QUO scm 103 obsc:vadoros IflhiUyO prxin1o.
m Ia dcdisiOn anunciacla par Ia CaLos aslstentcs a Ia reuniOn do jusa i3ianca.
pasado recuerdan ci ainbiente
nb
La "democratizaciórL" exigida par tenso quo caracterizO las Iitimas haCi Grupo do los 77 uue reune a lOS ms do discusiones entre delegados
palses cn rias do ciesarrollo) encon de palses lndustriaiizados y dci TortrO Ia m
encigica resistoncia de cer Mundo.
Far: haul Zamora.
parte do Eaos lnidos en la Con-
El cicscontcnto do Estados Unidos
fetencia Internaclonal dcl Trabajo en era tan grande que so anticlpaba
GIn obra.
abiertamente su retiro definitivo do
La gran potcucia deseaba quo Ia in OrganizaciOn.
Conferencia so lirntara a dscutir sOEl Director General do Ia OIT, ci
Ia la modificaciOn dcl articulo 17, frances Francis Blancharci, ereyó ne.
con ol fIn cIc proteger sabre todo a cesario lanzar un "ilamamlento soIsrael contra evontuales condonas de lomnc" a los norteamericanos para
su poillica social en los tcrrltorlos quo so astuvbcse do lievar a cabo sw
drabes ocpado.
amenaza.
Paro intinoanlcricanos,afrleanos,
"Lanzo solemnemento un llamadrabos y asliticos aprovecharon la inlento pam quo sea saivaguarciada
oportunidaci
para subrayar quo Ia Ia universalldad CIa la OrganbzaclOu,
CIT ct)scrVa LaSIa. alior esu- lauzO ct lininamiento a Estados U.
rus I reciada d in poca do funda- fllcos" proclainó Binnehard ci 21 do
don, haco fls do fl)CUo siLlO, Cuati- jun10 pasado ante minlstro, eflipre.
do I.uena iu.c dci irundo so halla- sarios y sindicalistas de los 126 palba sametido al rógimen colonial cu- ses roprosentados en In Conforencia
ropoo.
d Ginobma. Pero ci ilainamiento no
Esas cstructora.s periniten, por fue escuchado por B. U.
("La Crortica", Lima, 7.11.1977).
tmerw
rciirad
("k CU4A&- L4)
Por /NES VERA
stados Unidos se retira de Ia O,. nables, desde urr punto de vista pragmático.
nización Internacional del Tra- Si se trata ie una organizaciOn a nivel munbajo (OIT). El anuncio hecho dial, los paises con regimones socialistas y
por el Presidente Carter respon- con gobiernos no elegidos democráticamente
do, al parecer, a recomendaciones do dirigen. tamblén deben pertenecer a Ia Organizaciôn.
tes gremiales y empresarios, que consideran
En el caso de los paises del Este, el sistea Ia Oil como una herramientapropagandistica del comuriismo y del Tercer Mundo.
La reacción que nrovocó esta medida es
en principio, e "malestar", ilegando en aigunos casos a a franca indignacióri. Los sindicatos norteamericanos agrupados en Ia AFL.
ClO, liderados por George Meany -quien jugo un papel importante en Ia campaa electoral de Carter- aparecen como los principaes gestores de esta retirada. De tendencia
conservadora por ejemplo, apoyaron a intervenciôn norteamericana en Viet Nam -los
grandes sindicatos pueden atTh jugar un papel
ma tripartito no tiene sentido dadó su mismo sistema politico. La "erosion" invocada
no es tal, sino que sencillamente se trata de
un sistema cualitativamente distinto del quo
rige en las democracias occidentales (podria
hablarse en todo caso ysin mucho sentido
de una "erosion" estructural).
En cualquiera de los casos, los trabajadores do cualquier pals están poderosamente
influldos y aCm doterminados por las coridiciones poiiticas imperantes en su pals incluso
en los Estados Unidos.
La abstracción del trabajo como entidad
muy importante en el apoyo interno a Ia po aisiada desprondida del
sistema politico a
utica del Presiderite, quo segin consignan al..
quo está sujeto tierre. escasa vigencia, solo
gunos cables, ha pordido popularidad en las
aplicable a peque?ias situaciones en las que
liltimas encuestas.
una organizaciOn internacional puede influir
La otra causa señalada por los observado- en algo. Esa es Ia realidad, quo claro, no se
res es una básqueda de poyo en el influyen- ajusta exactamente el esquema quo, teóricat electorado jud(o, molesto con, Carter por mente, deberi'a manejar un organismo munsu poiltica en apoyo do a participación pa- dial apolltico.
lestina en a Conferencia de Ginebra. Y esto
tiene relación con dos hechos: 1) Ia Oil adPELIGROSA ADVERTENCIA?
mitió en 1975 Ia presericia de un delegado
de Ia Organización para Ia Liberación de PaEl Embajador de Washington ante Ia dolelestina2) Un aio antes condenó Ia pol(tica gaciOn de Ia ONU en Ginebra, William Vanracista dGi gobierio de Israel.
den Heuvel, declarO que el retiro de a OIT
constitu(a una "advertencia" para las demás
LA AMENAZA CUMPLIDA
orgarrizaciones de Ia ONU, a fin de que concentren sus trabajos en los objetivos fundaLos motivos invocados por los Estados mentales y no en problemas polIticos.
sos,
Unidos para justificar su decision son cuatro; los asuntos pcI itos, seçjOri el embajador de1) ErosIon del sistema tripartitb (gobierno, ben ser ventilados en el Consejo do Seguriempresarios, trabajadores) por el hecho de dad y en Ia Asambiea General.
que en muchos palses las organizaciones sin.
dicales y dadores de trabajo nq son sino una
emanaciOn de sus respectivos gobiernos
(lease los paises comunistas y los del Tercer
Mundo con gobiernos de facto) 2) No se respetan reglas de procedimiento (se condena a
paises que no puederi defenderse) 3) Actitud
selectiva en Ia aplicación de las corivenciones
4
sobre libertades sindicales y trabajos forzados y 4) Incremento creciente y excesivo en
los debates de cuestiones politicas que no
son de competencia de Ia organizaciôn.
Estos cuatro puntos son los mismos enumerados en 1975 en una carta de intenciones
con el anuncio de que Estados Unidos Se re-
tirar(a en caso de que Ia Ofganización
n
La advertericia es por demás doszgradable,
si se piensa on lo que aporta Estados Unido
a a financiaciOn do Ia ONU y sus organismos
(en el caso de ia'OIT un 25 por ciento de su
presupuesto) y tiene un ágrio sabor a medicia
de fuerza.
Francis Blanchard, Director General de Ia
Organización, declara quo las cr(ticas do Estados Jnidos carecen dofundamento, y que
Ia Oh no puede evitar las situaciones politicas: "La OIT no es un hospital iii un monasterio . - - " La declaración de Blanchard es
significativa; resulta inimag inable pensar, por
ejemplo, en una supuesta organización internacional del campo (al estilo OIl) que no tuviera que referirse a Ia tenencia de Ia tierra
cambiara sustancialmente en estos aspectos.
Hoy, tal como preveia Ia carta, el pals que
subvencjona de manera más significativa a Ia
en aIgCn momento con todos los términos
delicados que urdiera para no levantar suspicacias. Y cOmo tratar tema tal sin quo
OIl se retira alegando que, no ha cambiado
cueIonesos temidos acenios politicos? Ese
sabor asCptico que desean los paises quo hoy
tienen minoria en los organismos internaclo-
nada.
En realidad, eI mundo, a grandes rasgos,
no ha cambiado nada desde 1975. En este
punto, los fundamentos teóricos do organizaclones corno la OIT comierizan a ser cuestio-
nales no parece podré sor logrado a corto
plazo en un mundo dividido err situaciones
antagónicas y a veces, lamentablemente in
conciliables.
("La Prertsa", Lima, 10.11.1977).
IJirigentes Sindicales Lamentan
Y Gndeiiaji Retiro de EU en OIT
4.
Dicen que Organismo Ha Pci'clitlo su Eficaci
E retiro de lOS Esta- rlentar a Ia masa 1a,cdos Unidos de Nortea- ral peruana, ha creldo
méra de la Organiaa- convenien entrevistar y
del saber Ia opiniOn d Vación Internacional
Trabajo (OIT), ha con- ros cilrientes s Indicales
de las orgaruizacior.cs 1a.
borales, y ahora, qe lo
terccrmnndistas
1)aisS
han "madurado" poiir1
camente, tonia mcidas
el amblente con rjacto al sonado de fue za qiara proteger
sus lntereses sin analllaboral inundial, princi- caso tie BE. UU.
palniente en aquellos pal- -Manuel Curtto . (Sub- zar as conseeuencas1
ses qu e conforman el Secretario Generaj tie Ia gativas y d1visionItaa.
moclonado
lanado Tercor Mundo. Fedcracjón
tie Einplea- quo puede ocaslon.ar".
"El movimiento labozal
mundia debcrla en con
tecimlento de reimncta tajantementc el retiro tie Unto rechazar toda. ac''
ha tenido igual rpercu- los'EE. tJU. de Ia OIT. Iltud devisoia quo pue
eión y ha provocado ad- L1.mentamos orque e da Ir en peruiclo do m'.
un pais que posee una na organizaclon como a
liesiolies y ensurar.
LA PRENSA Laboral, gran niasa laboraly que OIT, Ia cual está a1,ervlclo cte 1 os toabakado."
con el propóslto de o- no tenUr.
En el PerU, conponentê dos BaPearios)... "La FEteTOE'rjfluTldiSta, el acon-
B annta y
conciena
y, Ia condenanios, porque rca".
Os ima niedida tie pr e.- Carlos Cruz Rodrigu&i
siOn y sabotaje en con- (Secretario General tie Ia'
trade las organizaclones Central Sindical tie Fm-
laboras
y
SifldiC. c, pleados rarticulares)b
sal- pins: "Para opinar sObr
Con e propósito d
aardr sus proolosin Ia renuncla d
tereses
los
EE:
esfán ci'. UU. de Ia OIT debcinO
con ra los 1cne1ic1os y pr1mram'ente anail zar
derechos tie Ia eIas tr- COITlO SO eaicueiitra osta
bajadora mundlal",
organac1on en ios Cr ItiM
quo
"Estanios seuros
qu
mos años. Realniente ]a
ICE. UU. pretencle con- OIT ha perdido toda an
tnjar con su politica eficacia y se ha conver.
tie presiOn y heenionls- tido en un organlsmd
mo a nhrel tie todas las noperante y diferente quo
o ganizaclories ]abrales'.' cilando so fundO. El solo
"Per su parte los pai
dcl Tercer
Mundo
dobn repudlar pubilcaulente Ia inedida adopbda per los Estados Ut;es
hecho tie que haya a
mitido colm uno do su.
miembros participantes a
Ia OrganhzaeiOn pan Ia
Lil,eraclón d. Paletina,nidos, ya quo nQsostros (OPLP), dernuestra quo
oor ser palses depcndlen osta orgrtn.IzaciOn so ha
tes c1ebnios toner cono convertirlo en ixna enti-
bandera do 1ucha
Ia dad tipLcarnente 3olit1ca.'.:
"Mi central conIdea.
las anti-nperialistas, qiw quo Ia OPLP (grupo de
pennitlran clentro tie guerrillerosi es ufla entipoco thdeenda se yuio dad respetable pore qU
has nacienes netamente no puede te'ner cabida en
unidact do todas a.si'uer-
Ia OIT. Es niás la OIT,
Inxc'riaflst as".
4'Estados Unidos siern- a traves tie Ia OPLP,tha
ore ha querido igar
tomar el "sarten por
y
ci
realizado carupaias
oi
contra del :gobierno tie JSr,
mango", ya quo slernprc rael, que a titulo perso-.
ha tenido una 1nielatla nal admiro y estirnosin
hegornonista e ii medto cerarnente".
.
(rae Monde, 2 novemiDre 1977)
ORGANISATIONS INTERNATIONALES
Les Etats-'Unis se retirent de I'Oi.T.
Deux ans de crise
12 JUIN 1975
i'adinission tie i'Orga-
nisatlon de liberation do Ia Palestine en qualité d'obServateilr a Ia
Conléronce Internationals du travail provoque Un vif mécontenteinent de delegués des Etats-Unis.
(I NOVEMBIiE 1975 : I. Henry Kissinger, secrétaire d'Etat, adresse a
M.
Francis Blanchard, directeur
gdnéral du Bureau international
dii travail, une loltre dans laquelle
II annonce I'inteution des Etatstinis do quitter i'O.I.T. en novell-
tration tin B.LT. decide flnalement,
par trente et sine vote contre vingt-
trots et une abstention. d'admettre
une delegation tie l'O.L.P. 9. Ia
coitterence (plusleurs pays arabes
avatent menace de se retirer).
L'O.L.P. se réjoult tie ce qu'elle
considère
a comme une défaite
poser Israel et ton avocat Ic gous'ernement américain a. Beaucoup
d'observateurs critiquent l'attltude
du conseil d'atlministration ,qui. en
se cositredisant, a cédé a des pres-
sions partisanes et perdu de son
bre 1977. Pendant lee deux ans gui
autorité.
s'écoulent avant Ce retrait, les
Etats-Unis continuejit payer leur 16 FEVRIEIt 1977 le Dtpartement
contribution 9. I'O.LT. - gut est
d'Etat contirme 9. Washington La
Ia plus importaute tie tons les
Iettre tin 6 novembre 1975 (preapays et représente 25 % du budget
vie cle.retrait).
tie I'Organisatiop.
1977 : le conseil d'adminiaDana sa lettre an directeur dti 5 5ARS
tratton 'tripartite - Etats, sysidiB.LT. (qui est le secrétaire tie
patronaux
et syndicats
cats
I'OJ.T.), M. Kissinger dénonce une
ouvrters - du B.L'r. adopte, par
is attitude selective e de I'O.i,T.,
34 vole contre 17 (delégatibns ties
ii poursuit Ia violtiun des
gui
droits de i'homsne dans certains
Etats membres a mais a accorde 9.
d'autres l'lmmunité e; ii deplore
pays arabes et des pays tie l'Est),
une nouveile procedure d'examen
ties
resolutions
soumises
a
Ia
condainnant certains Etats neesnbres gui se trouvalent étre Ia
Conference internationale du trasail, qul se tient chaque annte. II
s'agit d'un ameudement an reglement tie Ia conference, aux termes
at tie "l'appareil ttablis a. si En
temps voulu, écrit 51. Kissinger, les
cur des sujets sans rapport avec
Ia a politisation croissante tie l'Organisation))
at sea
a resolutions
cible politique tin moment, avec
Un déd1n absolu des procedures
Etats-Unis so verront dane I'obligation d'dtudler si, out ou non, lie
désirent mettre 9. e,écution Pintention rléelarée dane Ia prCsente
lottre tie Se retirer do i'O.LT. a
Ce qul laissa Ia porte entrouverte.
29 STAI 1976 : le conseil d'admintstration do i'O.LT. rejette, Iar
s'ingt-quatre sole contre vingi-
trots (tine abstention at trots bul-
lttns blancs),
Ia
clemande
tie
Ia conféreuce inondiale sur l'einplol, gut
dolt coinmeucer le 4 juin.
4 JIJIN 1976 : Ia consell d'adminisVOL.1'. tie part Iciper
9.
duquel scraient irrecevables lee
resolutions ayant pour objet tie
cosidainner los Etats nsembres soit
lea normes établles par LOS Conven-
tions et recommandations Inter-
nationales du travail, soit cur des
stijets visCs par ccc normes, mats
en l'absence' d'enquCte prealable.
La formule adoptée vise 9. mettre
fin a Ia politisation tie I'O.I.T.
sits incidents a Ia
2(1 JUIN 1977
Cou férence internatiosiale tin travail. Celle-ci n'adopte pas - ce gui
est inhabituel - Ic rapport tie Ia
commission chargée tie contrSler
t'applicatlou des conventions at ties
secommandatlons internationales
tin travail. Ce rapport portait stir
les Infractions sue normes at visait
notamment, oUtre Ic Chili et
d?autres pays, l'Unlon sovlétique.
En ce gui concerne lea accnsations
tie discrimination portées par les
pays arabes contte Israel et see
pratiques en territoire occupC, Ia
commission avait estinié que lee
Intormations lournies par Tel-Avis'
a constitusient une réponse stif-
fisante a.
14 .IUILLET 1977
M. Blancliard.
:
directeur general du Bf.T.. s'Clève
contra Ia politisatlon gui frelsie
Ic travati des institutions spCcialisécs tie I'ONU.
LA
.s?pi
i5
I
D
L'ORGANISATIQN !NTERNA11ONALEbI..J TRAVAIL,
C
pys industriels souhaitent faciliter leretour des
icxrfltIZ CmdrCCirmn, par Ia
oIx Cu rtcr.
tnXo dttat, ?L Cyrus Vouico, ot Cu aecrdtalro
au travail, ?t 1ay Marchai. a offloloflomont
ccnyncd, nierdl 1' covcnsbro I'opinlon at a
I'ONU, It rotrolt det Etofe-Uzols do l'Oi'g3n102
tion nepantlonalo du trzivafl CO.LTJ. Ccitt
duiecu gui avalt did prdeentde. luzodI 31 octo-
bro, au leader do oyndlcot
Malidt
L..C.LO. C. Ia
Cu 2 noveinbro), a provoqut de róac-
t1nrj palndri mob conrtcISe3 des pays occi-
dentoecx e Its gotivarnosnents elbonianil, bulge,
nuidols at Japonals c regrottent ccitt dietregrotto beaunIon, Ia Grandv-Bretogne lie
Ia Sulaue ía deplore .. Estimesit oven
II out do lie p1uo haute Impontouico quo toot, leo pays nolent ropreoenttis a
l'O.I.T., Ia plupart des pays Induotcicle ddclarent voulolr s'eftorcer d'amdllorer lea riglee do
COUP
Ia Suido go'
fonctlonnaniont do ccitt organisatlon afire do
facilitér Is rotour dos Etats-Unla. L'UJl.S.S.
outline quo I, retraCt amdplcnln eat une vic-
mi observateur américain... quand même
La rcra1t dro
Oraidve,
Onlu do I'Orgafllzatlafl Internationatu do travail (OLT.) na dtt
cIflututlomint eonfltmd an Palab
Ceo nations quo toed danO Ia
tolrtu do fourth 1 nocembr
Is. eandtrenro Cs prane do
rambnnadcur William Van Den
Ecuvet, Clot! do Ia mirclon acedname auprts dye Nations clnIOO.
pttvua pour 18 taurus, osalt dtt
nemI3o b morccodl. Cello do
Puresu lnttrnatlonul Cu travail
CB.LT.), gill dovalt faire connotire lee rtacllcssz do con directeur
gunerel, Id. Praflote Blanchard,
gui cv trouve cetuellomont acox
Elats-Unb, alnol qua leo movuree
envIiagtee ycrecettant d'dvlter one
crize erave at coin do VOLT.,
na pie arolr lieu avant 22 helixes,
Malgré cm contretempa ou coin
do aecrétarlat dci B.LT., peizonne
na manffcztt do cignee do aur
(bone do dollars (10,2 I) Cs budget adoptt eat prtvosu. Cortaineo
rtuniorsa, cehboquea ci semloalrea
tie l'honirne, tie promeoovefr born- serent auppnlmts. l'oaslataneo
plot, do sutls/oire ice beselns technique ueuffrira do handIcaps
ersocttiels dee plus pauoros ci do oirlauz, eta On onvirage en
do/tnt, our use hose internati 0- outro Is suppression do quelquo
Oslo Ice eNcores requi3O0 pour 160 pastas (In O.C.r. exnploin
eoviolltorcr to conditIon doe Ira- actuoblemcnt 1525 fonotionnalrea,
vilhlcurs o, 1.1 Bbariohac'd conchut: dent 64 Fraflqibs).
o J'aI to rotisiction quo los cent
La dipsa't do cee fonctlonnalres
trentc-qwrtre Elate membros do no term pits uanu poser doe prol'O.i.T. eontlneaoroni 8 dolploojer blOmes tlnaooioru onncxco no
fours e//erie pour loire avanccr a.l.'r, itant denote i'impOrlanmc
dane to muncie Ia cause Ce Ia be- des lndomnli(n dons lbs poucront
tice Cairo nations oct to Justice bénitbcler. Cependant, lv B.I.T
societe Cafro tee hammes. En toni oOmpto our on appurt do 9,6 siltquo dlrecteur polndrel cia air., liano do dollaro grimm ontee muJo no mdnopers.l aucun effort pour tree, 8 des eontrlbutf050 colonservir cello noble cause.
tabree dos Etatu menobrco 02 dos
do faire face ol. Ia porto empnunls. Los papa ocondlnavee
Aim
Ceo qsielque 42,3 mIllions do del- oembient soucioux Ce mole Cli
loot gui reprirentent ha contri- a'de as B.LT ct U cat offbolvubution omirlcalne, colt 28 0. dci aement question quo in Ropubbl.
budgot prdvu pour lea anntcs qua fidtrals d'Allusssgeie aulve
Do noire corrospondanto
prize, encore 010103 do panlguo. 1010-1026, hI. Bianohard propose been example.
Copendant, on dirarrol prof end uno cent do mesterea reveres:
ISABELI.E VICHI4IAC.
at ueou granola Inqulitudo quant abut, one riduetbon do 22,0 mItt l'avvrilr so cent faCt jour I. tOSS
lea nlvoaUx. Litat deaprit qul a
rigni Iota do Is canfirenee toternotlosoalo dli travail, en join darflier, aomblo avalr précipltt lea
olvinerroenla. En effot, en dépit
doe efforia coozldérebleo do
Id. lllanrhard, cotto itunlon
onnuello a itt marquis par une
dimagole fnizant le ehantzgo do
Is. pert do is. majorltt automaitquo (pays arabtl, pays do lEst
et un grand coombre d'Etats du
tlrra-rosede entralnis par our),
cv gui a, cu pour elfet d'lrrlter
vlzlbloment lee diltguts mienrains. Contains debits oat bloat
LE TRIPAI3TISME
ORIGINALITE DE L'OJ.T0
Foa000 on 1219, l'O.t.T,, Is P10s
unclean, des grottOes organlsnth005
Intomitlonalce, Cot donna, on
1)16, 10 pcomlèeo inotituthoa .piela-
hole do. Notions oats.
La coispoilOboc. tdpietilo a
006
hun do. carsoller. lea pins octalnan. 1 0000t0003 do cot org.fll000e.
Ehle tot, polio One bonn port, Ia
alien do ion cfflc.titi, Chub
051 roi.eieentd poe dean dill.
l'lmprezzlon quo, pour cetto majo- psy.
g0000000ment000, an dlhlgul
rut, 1ev objeetlfu ercentlelo do guts
do,
eotocit. (1) et an 0(higaO do
I'O.LT. - Ia dIdenSo dee travail- rlOpi0000rO,
dean dossiers ecutours - n'dtalcrot pits pits on cot snoozecooaol
,iiebsl001 doe
canoldiratlon, ct quo iS Condam- does Igomlece,
nation rthccflo do curtains Mats,
L'O.i,T. compe000 troll princi0000
Ia volontt d'utlllaer t deS fins organisms c Ia CoafIre000 lat0000.
poiltiques, toulvuro leo mimer, 15
do travail, qul as rOunit 100
tribune gut bun unit ouveeto, tionoic
primalent cur teSt to rrztc, Per- lea Ins A Grntve; he coasehi dad.
ONIJ
feetio par dcv diziguis, Slats 1100 2 ItO por5000ea, 0000 In moltil a
i'outrtnae do tours jogementu, 501,10. pour lIre a h'iasteomeat lv
dtalrnt to 1 novembro darn too- leCello
pole 500101, jOLT s'010 .t'ubord
tee lee mdmoirea Ct n'lcoellstcnt
d'llobolec on codedu travail
rae bee milleux Internatlonaux t 0010role
tootle Oolver,clie, sole eocme do
l'optlmlamo, Cependont, uno boor do
ccntul000 do conventIon.
devycir sect manhfecttc su coors ploliouru
eq
eeeocio,00dutloui
I Curio do trado Ia mlrlo guard tot connuo Ia vail, peoteotiou Ova irovailhrsc.,
lotte
nets amtrlcalflc qol, tout en contra Ice dhsochthhoatlons, p0000eonftrnoant lv retraCt dr,v
Etatc-Unie, baiccalt uno patio 0100 dv ha motoratti, etC. Ehlc l'c,t
concourSe A in formation
entrouverte. ivoqualt ha pocelbihiti Ogelee,00t
milit5005 ayndhoarcu, I ho coopldOns récssehhlatlon Ct prdolsabt do.
pays en
quo a boo points do rue dlroepcnlo ration trcb,slquo duos lee In
iatto
nMtelcr.l pee (neoneiliebles a. vole do d(vebappemrnt,
Ct ho pauveroO,
eoatrr
I
thomas
On clime pvc eenctquorot
avont
d'abocder
dorohircmrat
leonOcn2vu qua at 10Cr parvient t
dan 00,0001 nodes l0000ml000
trouver It moyrn propro 8 faire moo
intreonti000l 0, nyu too division
reapsetor too ebjeetlfs Ct SCS rC- nppropchir do taCoS.
flea do pret! Sure, a rdlnttira- La reprieentnthoitl do ecctab000
die Ctata-Unlu p0mm Otra
tim
oetssnment cello do.
ralccseoablernsnt rnslcaete. Pour dlligotions,
toy, 500lalhvtce onguCre. us ever doe
'
ectinto qua coo lernleru 0 n'uccep- iohre do BIT,
boor,! pal bntiytcrnpo d'ttre at-
acute do colic entreprise v Rap(1) poor he Fral501-, 20 01600 dos
UT l'O Jr. travolilv000 rot recupe, poe elatIon.
palant qu' Ott s'epC
(...) ole fibre rasspeotcr lee docile pee P.O.. in cP,crn. ci in oar,
autres IflaWutlono do I'ONU, pour qu'elheu
concentnent leucs Cravaux mr teuru oblectifi
- do Ia cisambro Co commerce ct
des nolbioux oyndicallstes notammont
8 Ia pneaalon dooquela
it. Carter vbent en tout csa do
alblo Ia realization do nombre do
pnojeta techniques (fonmatiOo
prolec.oionnebiob Coot bee Etotu-
Uslu ttoiont nesponaablce. Dana
ecu mibiaoox. on eotl me qua
it, Carter a commbu ucio errcen
en faloant cette n000oibn mxncenelsa an bobby Cull.
Do boor cut, bee Sovbetbques,
gui,
a,
count terme, pourrnielit
cornmo boa bioifi-
to gouvernemont
.Yinuouhent,
isratlhen n's psi oncoro onnonct
sib no retlr000, commo leo ElateOrb, do l'Organluation hnternationabo do travail. L'ombaerss out
grand I .Yiruxabem, of. l'on logo
gieant done sea seine Washington dons use attltudo guI a itt
lnuyirio dane one horge meaure
auprM do
jouto5 quo I. retraCt doe Etatu-UnI.
do I'O.LT, constltualt - set avertbssenoent sos
t'O.LT. 11
fondamentaux
politlques.
et non our
leo
probltmeu
des considerations
purement intérieures
(Do noIre coprgspsmidcintj
-
Wouhbnglon.
Do notro correspondant
Curlousenoent, a'itobent njsutio p1110 recemnoont
10 dicboioa do Pd. Carter do quit-
ter l'Orgasilsatien lnternattanabo
du travail a itt unnoncie Co loon
mime osl 10 présIdent, dane on
par b'iooztlblté du b'O.t.'r. covers mumsogo no Congrtu our los aotbXura8l, Mats on redoute motel quo, elIte do 10140 seouralt b'orgonlSi, ultirleurement, leo Etst.s-UfliO oatles mondiao dv oeeu opbrtn
dicldalent do reprendre bear place ooatien 0, mOme oi eeoc. arttrattC
nO OoIn do l'O,LT,. Lora0b n'olt en cc qst conces'ne lee 12,0115 do
pos. oil a'on ttalt retire, Ia posts- l'homme a etc ddceeante sen 1970.
bilitt dy revenir. on raIson Ce An mOose moment, pourtant.
b'oppoultion pniviabbie do cc qua M. Marshall, seeritaire an travail,
ban appello lot Ia o vtujsrilO auto- nnnuscait to netrait amenicain de
bOlT. Rappelant quo M. RIOmattquo aeli-lsroihicono 5,
Avant de so decider, Jirsivalem singer, aloes secrStaire d'Etat,
eapiro obtersir des Anoiricaino aeait bit novel en 1875 que
toils pronnelot l'elsZacement Ce Washington attondail quo des
no P0,5 r(lntigrer l'Organbsation o mosures correctives solent prices
sans Curate. On Indbquait, cc flier- pour reetuuror u b'orgsnlostion,
erodi, gus, do toule soonlire, los Id. Masolsalh constatsit quo ode
Etabs-Unlu n'ent pea demandt a, lebbes meoures n'ont pee etC
Corath do Isa subvne dons boor poises 0. Ii ajoutalt, puurtsnt I
oL
Etat.o-Unie reotcmzt preto ci
A. So.
dtebsben.
ci
nouveau /ldèbe 5 eec propres prinelpos Ct procCdures.s
Qoatre raisens plus pnioboeo ant
eti ovancies par be uocrétalro au
travail 5. l'uppul do Ia decision
do gouvonnement: l'O.LT,, iohon
1111, nsa pus appliqloO dee reglee
egales pour laos; ebbe a 000vont
vote de cundamnatloos 0 SillS OflquOte prCaboble ox In politiquo a
fail Irruption dana ses traeaux ci
caodubt a, des cundaninatianu
Injsuteo : enfln, Ia dbvlsion des
repriaontstloeu notionsbeo en trola
groupee - syndloato patrunut,
g0000nnomont - a itt perduo do
vole, do trip nombruoscs dehegalions neprtuontant preuquo 050115alvemont leo gouvernomento,
lea otgsnbaallona julvee. ulelnigo
d'avolr do ossisler A l'entcie do
b'O.L.P. is bOLT.
i.e priabdunt a done choboi do no
p55 tngogor he combat contra ceo
tools forego is In fobs. II a trap
bosom on panticuller du sontbon
do M. Mcany, tent pour son progrsmmo Cnorgttliiue quo pour Ia
condsita Ce l'ioonombe et Is rifunme fiecale is venlr. pCur 101
rofuaor co plaialr Inc Ufi gujet
Coot par lui, a, tort on 5. raIson,
uocondoire, Quunt sos 25 millIons
do dobbano psyéo annuvihement pun
an budget do
boo Etoto-Unla
bOOT., lbs no cemblent goitre, do
h'Ovis general, avoir pest beaueuup
Cans Ia dicloton Cu présIdent,
En 0000 Invorne, II eat acquls
anjourd'hul quo lea opetoialietea de
Ia publtiqne etronctre dons I'onborage Cu prisident, notamment
MM Vaoce, oeonetalre d'Etat, et
Brzezlnobcl, eonuetfler pour leo
0115100 Internatlonabas. ext pboldt
pour be malntloe dee Etst.s-UnIs
a, bOlT,, plus pricisiment pour
l'ectenulon dun ox Cu dibol probatolro ouvent en 1875. L'un ot
b'outre avobunt fall cabin qhl'on
netrait porlerait un coop a, lentemble den organboatione Interet 8 10140 pour
natiunale.s
commenger. - dicouragerait leo
pays do tiers-mande amls dos
Etato-Unis ot latusorait ho champ
hlbre Oux pulaaall005 communlstes
dons I'organleation. tie attlrzbont
aunt l'attestlon our Is poobllon
dcu Eunupiens: M. Tbndomans,
chef du gouvennement beige, do
passoge 8 Woshlngton lv cousin
dernber, avolt tdresui ore note a,
M. Canter pour I'ad juror do reuter
a i'o.e.r.
bier phus pulitlzio quo lOST.
Le Iriomphe de M. tleany
hi. Kurt Waldheim a publIC
on communIqué dana lequel ii
Cost en tout css Ia premitre
B000eoup de ecu critiques pouro ecrprimo eon pro/and repro! et rabont
quo Ic président, quo Ion
o'odneauer - Ct Ia uoxt tots
son tnquidiudo ci pc-opec do Ia effectivement
croyalt plus olnternationoltete o,
dune
doors
milioux
decisIon amdsicaiuo . L'O,i.T., amCnicalno
10 psi a, dos eonobdtratbons
a, blen d'outreo or- doers
a-I-il declare, eat l'uno dos p100 ganleatisna inlornatlonaies.
purement iotenlooros usr lea noIdols
anctenuep organtsattons spdclali- Ic ens de l'O.I.'i' m toujouno eté commondotlons do sea dlpbonoates
sOre do I'ONtJ of oa contribution conaldini lob cemmo a, part Ct 01 porte, peut-tlro uans be vouloir,
8 Ii promotliu cOo bi Justice it, Cantor telnbbo avoir 0001001 ur coup so prestige de 10140.
uoctchto el 110 blcn-ibre des Ira- obéi on h'oecumnenco a, dos coseb- Los oplimbates u'aecreuhont a, Is
vaibleure cl travatlleuoeo du lain- diratbonu do pebbtlque Inttcleure, vogue 'promosso dv retour fordo oslior a diet untoericlbement 000 plus ordeals partboano du mule per MM. Marshall et
rec00050, a Lo retcalt den Etats- rotrait etalent lee dirlgoants do ha Mesny: e Apr10 teat, a dli un
Unla oonatituu otis yeux du aeon- centrabo oyndieabo AFt, - 0.0.0. officiel. lb no s'eglt quo do I'oxten.
Intro mineral Ce l'Ol4U can pie Son prJsident, M. Meany, itoit oien du debut probafolre, mats
on arrlire per rapport pu prin- dub a, b'origlne do h'avortlssomunt ness attendrons do l'aulre retC
ctpo Ce responsabilitO colbeelbae Ce 00, KissInger II p a duos ansI Ce 10 porte: cola d000lt Ctre plus
tuearnC par I'ONU 0, 22, Wait- son entieom0000lume vIrulent ne o/ficore. o Leo pesslmbstea notext
hrlm a oxprbmd b'eopoln 0 quIt supportalt pius Is part 10010 toe boo Etato-tinis oust oholsi do
no e'czgtt quo dun rotralt tempo- beaucoup trop belle 10110 nun pops rompre to lion be plus axolon
nvalost avee one organisaratre e.
do lEst dane l'orgonisstbon 01 lb quIts
bbOls qua non
LOUIS WIZNITZER.
avaif fail savoir quo uon dilegut lIon mondlsle:
Ce Ia BoobCtt dec natIons.
5. I'O.LT no roprondrall pun sos mombneo
lbs
avalont
is l'o.I.T. en
siege mime 01 C'admbnbstrotlon 1024, vingt adhirt
one avant I'Unbon
eosaorvalt be 0100. II a navouci
000 tniompboo aveo axe relatIve oovbetlquo.
MICHEL TATU.
JCURNdE DItTtIDES A PARIS LEO NOVEMBRE
L'IMPLANTATIOH
SUR LE MARCHE AMEHICAIN DE LA
MOYENNE ENTREPHISE
RencclgnemoOlo:
ob'{) POUEV INTERNATIONAL
etoeoomziaoei. /
va nommei' Un observlteolr
Ia
WASHINGTON
JPUSALEM : embarras.
root ie trOuVcr a, pnitont.
Tout ho mondo peiiae 1cm quo
Ia diclolun amtnicaino "isulto
nileat cumbatire do i'intinieur d'impinatifs do politique intiquo do declarer for/alt a. On rlcurO at beaucoup do diplomatcu
crahnt dane ecu milbeux quo cc en trouceot Ia pr0000 duos 10
no u vane rapbi amicicain no faCt quo lea Stutu-Ui'ts no quitreflhto el b'ioobutlnOsnismo ram- tent psi bONU gui eat pountant
oppacaltru
UnIs aupntu do i'ONU, a ddclart quo son pays
leg pays arnbo-afrlcelns
I'U,O.S.S. do rotten msltcetso do
tunisIa, aloro quo, colon hO dm910mate 0 atlontiqila e, o IC Vial
as part, it. B!ancivsrd, tout en ta
lusoll005, fat sou0000 c000estie,
dtrisrart prefondtmynt afflict pays
d'ot ha 001eoatcme005 pocement
par Is dCclilon des F.tata-Unls, polttlioea
tel Oat 00,51 marqut 'hi"
mosure of. cc diporl oeralt poor Is] difinitif,
pouvant ooppoeor
enoutto 8no égentuel rotour.
Au coon's d'usae conference do promo, 8
depart aver une granite rduorve, dons
consternation
Is pour Ira empIopOurl) cubic. It tcnt tgaboceoat eo depart guI vs
Bureau IutOe000l000l, gui sIege C certainemont boulevereer ha bud.
GonNa 00 fleece l'culcOtlon do pro. got dx l'O,I.T. at rondro Impus-
d'octhoo do bOOT.
tlquo pour on l6labatlofl our 10 er000mo
SlIT., clout 10 dl000tcur clairol
travail force. I,o souvonir do Ia cotLv000001hOuisOt
51. granola HIatt.
violence verbaba antl-amtrlcalno,
it ountout antl-loratlienna manl- 0110.6 (France), empbolo cavlcoa
Gonbve, mecOcredi InstIll 2 novembro, bit, Wilhans J. Vanden HetuveL ambasaadour des Etats-
Do notre correspondont
New-rock, - La notivello do claires do Ia diciulon ocnirlcaino,
rotrait dci Etatt-Uniu do bOLT, ont manifoate p1110 d'tnqulitode
a provouiut IS constenivatlon no quo do uatiafuction. Us aisnoot lea
palate do vorro. Dana los mIlieus situations iquihibntee rt no tont
omcidentaurc, on eotlmo quo bee p50 certslns do trouvor a bun
Etata-UnL permettont 8 gotet In terrain moovant ote lie
got 10 CompOse dv cider.
seems n'Igecoralt non plus mlubetrathoo,
40 thrashes (24 pour tea 50000eae.
a Concave quo lee Etsta- meats,
tOo deliguis Cu tiars-mondo
ii poor Ira tce,01lIeora ct quo
Unto avalont ttt d'autant plus
bun 0 U intonroger regret'.
cisoquta qua Is. con! trenea n'avait
pita tenu compto do bear Intontlon
do faire cendseolser lImbo Oovbt-
taboo des otonIste et dos iyndlcats rolacttonnaircu nnoinic*Ins..
La gotcvernoment leradilen, gui a toutos tea
raluone pour prendne sos dIstances 8 l'igard do
I'O.LT.. ettudle nCanmolns In poeslbllltO do non
reventr des qee t'O.I.T. eera
pent , d'uno portia do l'Opinion
Etats-tinis
11, coo do MadrId 75003 PARIS
Tat. : 522.78.73 ci 07,91
modoatbe mardI,
easurant quit
o regrettait qu'll ott folIo en eonir
180 et ajoutant, commo en icho
oux deeboratioos de it, Marshall;
a J'espire qu'd an contain moment
los chosee cheonperont do teble
quo
r000nlro.
soc-be
noue
puisslons
p
Un outro odvorsairo do i'O.r.T.
iiult Ia u0000de compooante do Ia
dCbégetlon ominbcalnu, ha chombre
do commerce, repréaenlont 10 patronot Dano one lettre icntte a,
it. Contec be 3 uctobro. cetto urgaalsatian avail. Chic oussi, mis en
gordo be gouvornomoet centre une
reprioeototloo sohitoino a, i'O,I.T.
A coo doss grands gruupes
rc Th:onac
RtALISE CHAQUE SEMAINE
IJNE $ELECTIOH
HEBDOMADAIRE
eCs.c,4, all 1100.1151
risldsat is I'itcnog.r
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ETRANGER (Le Journal d Genève)
("Journal de Genve")
Mercredi 2 novembre 1977
Les Etats-Unis décident de quitter I'OIT
attendue deouis des semaines, Ia decision est intervenue lundi
le depart americain prendra effet des le 6 novembre prochain
par cette decIsion, le budget annuel du BIT est amputé de 25 %
Washington, 1 er (AFP). - Les Etats-UnIs syndicate AFL-CIO dont ie président M.
ont décidé de se retirer de l'Organisation George Meany, farouche anti-communiste,
internatlonale du travail (OtT) dont le siege demande depute des annOes le retralt des
est a Genéve, contormément au préavls Etats-Unis de 1011, ainsi que des miileux
qu'ils avalent donné II y a deux ans, a-t-on tndustrieis. En revanche, ie Département
appris lundi a Washington de source auto- d'Etat aurait prétéré que lea Etats-Unis
rlsée. La Malson-Blanche doit annoncer different d'un an ieur decision attn de
ofticletlement mardi le retrait des Etats- permettre une réorganlsation de I'OIT. Leo
Unis, a-t-on ajouté de méme source. Lad- allies européens de Washington recomministration Ford avait donné en 1975 Un mandaient une teiie attitude.
préavls de retrait de deux ans qui arrive a
'inquietude est grande parmi los 2887
échéance le 5 novembre prochain afin de
protester contre Ia politisation croissante employee de I'organisation, dont ies dinde I'OIT. En maintenant Ia decision de son geants sont très discrete dans I'attente do
prédecesseur, le président Jimmy Carter a I'annonce officleile du retrait américain.
IYores et déjà, on a caiculé mardi quo le
suivi les conselis pressants de Ia centrate
C'est ainsi que, voilá deux ans, s'exprimait le
secrétaire dEtat Henry Kissinger dans Ia lettre
qu'iI adressa au directeur general de 'Oil, M.
mentaie de i'organisme, na pas cessé do
s'éroder ces derniéres années. Do nombreusoa
délégations des pays communistes ot du tiers
monde comprennent des représentanta do cha-
nun de ces mIlieus, maia sans independance
veritable;
Un souci sélectif des drolts de l'homme est
sensible a l'OlT, ou ron a tendance a Se montrer
beaucoup plus severe a rendroit des pratiques
de certaina Etats dana ce domaine, quo dana
d'autres, ou lea cas sont tout aussi flagrants et
graves:
L'inobservation de certaines regies do procédure a egalement beaucoup agité lea esprits en
Amerique, oj Ion ae montre trés irrité du fail que
OIT a une nette tendance a ignorer es cegles
existantea;
Enfin, iea milieux travailleurs et patronaux
américains, suivis par rAdministration ellememo, estiment quo. ces derniéres années, COlT
manlére croissante et
excessive", do problemes politiques qui sont
hors do Ia competence et du mandat de rorga-
sest preoccupée de
nisation
Si CIT avait fait marche arriére sur ces points.
lea Etats-Linia a n'en pas douter, auraient maintenu leur presence au sein de Forganiaatiori. Lea
Cvonemenla de ces deux derniOres années, et le
refua de Ia Conference du travail de tenir compte
des propositions américainea Ont sufli pour
entrainer cette decision,.
Concretement, le scenario do ce depart, notitlé
ii y a deus ana, prend effet 10 6 novembre
prochain. La decision de Ia Maison-Blanche,
prise aprés de nombreusea consultations, of
mCirement pesée, eat notifiee au directeur géné-
rol, dorit on attendait, tiler apres-midi, Ia dadarution.
Lea consequences do ce depart sont d'abord
et surtout matérielles, alors quo le Gouverne-
mont américain avait verse sa cotisation de
.1977, s'élevant a 18.89 millions de dollars, ce ne
aera plus le nsa en 1978, ou 'Oil se devra do
trouver lea 21 millions do dollars nécessaires ou
do prendre los mesures d'économie qui s'impo-
dollars, correspondant a Ia période 7 no.
vembre-31 décembre. us devaient payer
19893 851 dollars cette année. us en ont
verse 15359398 dollars et i'OIT leur en
réclamera 1 536 749.
,,Plutôt quo d'exprlmer des regrets do cette
action, je préféreraia exprimer do Ia confiance
en ce quen sera tissue éventueile. Los EtatsUnis ne désirent pas quitter l'OIT. Los EtatsUnis n'envisagent pas do le faire, mais nous
entondons faire tous efforts possibles pour
promouvoir ies conditions qul permettront notre participation continue. SI cola savérait
impossible, ndus sommes effectivement disposee
a nous retirer."
mais avait annuié do préavls en septembre
Palais des Nations: Antoine Bosshard
1966.
avait rimpression bier quo certains Etats, indusIrialisés nolamment, seralent préls a combler le
dde pour éviter une epreuve trap traumctisante
a l'organisme. II reate cependant qua le BIT w;t
prét a faire lace a Ia situation ainsi créée Des
"scenarios- do rechsnge ont été prévus, auxquels le directeur général, Francis Blanchard,
faisait allusion bra do son discours ala dorniere
conference du Travail.
Iléunie du 7 au 18 novembre prochain
Genéve, a Commission du programme, du budget el de i'administration traitors immédiatement
daIs question at examIners dana quels secteurs
des economies - voire des coupes sombres doivent ètre entreprisos, is decision finale appartenant au Consoil d'sdministration ui-memo qui
se réunit du 5 su 18 de ce mois. at dont los
Americains seront deié absents!
La decision américaine, qui depula des somalflea donnait tout a craindre a de nombreus lanationnaires de Ia Route des Morillons, nest pas
sans faire trembler ceux denfre eux qul so trouvent étre americains eux-mémes. us sent 82
professionnels sur un total de 676) at a peu
prés autant de fonctionnaires des services gé-
fléraux. Biofi qua Ion souligne ci quo our
presence au sein do l'organisme 'est, en prin-
cipo, pas liee a Ieur nationelité lIe critére do
recrutement des fonctionnaires, dana to systémo
at mis particuliérement une aourdine a des do l'ONU, étant fondé sur Ia competence)
preoccupations par trop clairement poliliques,
nution de leur cotisation do 2997704
menace en mal 1965 de quitter 1011 en 1967
Francis Blanchard, pour lui notifier Ia decision de
retrait prise par son gouvernement Decision a
caractére suspenaif dcxc, qui était motivée par
quatre facteura principaux
La representation tripartite, origlnailté fonda-
depart des Etats-Unis entralnera une dimi-
11
apparait qu'ils saraient progressivemant remplacés par des non-Amenicains, etcé dana un laps
de tempa relafivement court
U
Le 20e départ..
Lea Etats-Unis sont ie 20e pays a quitter l'Or-
ganisation internationale du travail, mais 16
gouvarriements ont finalement reintégré 1011,
souls restant en dehora l'Afrique du Sud (partio
en 1966), Albania 11967) ate Lsotho (1971).
Le premier pays parti a été lo Costa Rica en
1927 (revenu an 1944), suivi par le Paraguay
(1937-19561, l'Autriche 11938-1947), I Guatemala (1 938-1 945), Ie Honduras 11938-i 955), Ia
Nicaragua (1938-1957), l'Allomagne (1939, RFA
adnilse en 1941 et RDA en 19741, l'italie (193919451, le Salvador 11 939-1 94e1,'i'URSS 11940954), 0 Japon 11940-19511, l'Espagne (19411958), Ia Roumanie 11942-1 956). Ia Yougoslavie
senL renvol de personnel at annulation do
1949-1951), Le Venezuela i 957-19581 at Ia
certains programmes. Ace propos, a Gerieve. on
Syrie 11958-19611 Par ailleurs. l'lndonésio avait
OIT-USA:
Rapports difficiles
Les relations ontre 'CII at lea Etats-Unia ont
toujours ete difficilos. En void lea principabes
phases
1919: Ia premiere conference do 1011 se tient
a Washington. mais tea Etats-Unis n'adhérent
pas a l'organisation.
1934: Los Etats-Unia adherent a 1011 et
bénélicient lrnmédiatement dun poste permanent au Conseil d'administration, lorgane prépondérant do lorganisation. Deux Américaina
seront ensuite directeurs generaux do 1011: MM.
John G. Winant (1938-1941) ot David Morse
(1948-1970) of trois autres présideront to Con-
soil dadministration: M. Carter Goodrich (19391945) Georges C. Lodge (1960-1961) at George
L. P. Weaver (1968-1969)
1941: Conference internationale du travail a
New York.
1970: Ia Congres américain refuse do voter
las credits pour Ia contribution sméricaine a a
suite do Ia nomination d'un sous-directeur goneral do 1011 do nationalitô blélorusso.
12 juIn 1975: Ia Conference Internationala du
travail admot l'obsorvateur do l'Organisation da
liberation do Ia Palestine. Le délégué dos syndi-
cats américains, M. Irving Brown (AFL-CIO).
quitte a conference.
6 novembre 1975: Ia sacretaire d'Etat amen-
Cain Henry Kissinger annonce quo lea EtataUnis quitteront 1011 dans lea doux ans SI 0110 ne
met pas f in a as "politisation croissante
29 mat 1976: le Conseil d'administration do
'OIl refuse d'admattre l'CLP dana une conférenco technique de 1011. II revient sur sa dédision le 4 iuin sous Is prossion des pays arabes
et africains.
16 février 1977: be Département d'Etat publie
a Washington une declaration pour confirmer Ia
lettre du 6 novembre 1975: Ia préavis do ratrait
donné par Is precedent gouvarnament.
U 22 lain 1977: Ia conference anriuella de l'Cll
raletto las deux exigonces américaines: Condemner l'URSS pour sa legislation sun le travail
force et s'ongagor a no plus condamner sans
onquète préalable Ia pouitique sociabe d'lsraCl
dana lea territoires arabes occupés.
Lartisan du retralt américain: George Moany
président da is Centrale syndicalo AFL-CIO
CLe Journal de Gerve, 2 novrnbre 1977)
L'AMERIQLr
QUITTE L'OIT
Jimmy Carter
au point
d'équilibre
Lorsque, ii v a deux ans, Henry Kissinger
ècrivait au directeur général du BIT pour
annoncer, clans los formes, que les
Etats-Unis avaient l'intention do quitter
lui
l'Organisation internatonalp du travail le 3
novembre 1977, au terme des vingt-quatre
mois de udédite>, réglemontaires. ii ne
faisait qu'agiter une menace: que I'Organisation change do 1néthodfs, expliquait en
effet Ic secrétaire d'Etat, qu'elle redevkm-
Israel trés européen. Les principaux motifs
de retrait invoquCs en i975 par les EtatsUnis étaient on effet Ia manière dont l'OIT
condamnait régulièrement Israel sans Iui
permettre do se défendre et la façon quo
l'Organisat ion avait de passer sous silence
les violations des conventions du travail et
des principes des droits do l'homme lorsqu'el los étaient commises, notamment,
clans los pays communistes.
Cette contradiction n'est pourtant qu'apparente. croyons-nous. Le umessage des
Etats-Unis pourrait hien être en effet: nous
donnons, au scm de l'assemblée gCnérale
des Nat!bns-Unies, d'innomhrables preuves
do noire volonté do cléfendre In justice et
los droits dc I'humanitC; aussi pensonsnous nCcessaire de rappoler Cgalement de
façon speetaculaire quo. lorsqu'on croit
profondement A certains principes, it faut
los appliquer avec' CquitC et impartialité. do
crainte do tomber clans Ia plus cynique des
ne equitable dansses jugements moraux,
(iu'c'lle s'orcupe do défendre les travail-
hypocrisies: nous pensons aussi indispen-
tours sous toutes los latitudes au lieu de So
institution pCcialisCe pour menor des inlrigues purenient politiquos OSt title perversion inacceptable dos principes d'humanii C
Iivrer aux jeux de Ia politique internationate, et alors los Etats-Unis renonceront A
La quitter.
Jimmy Carter et ses conseillers, rénnis
ces jours dorniers en conseil restreint pour
dChattro du problème, avaient done los
mains libres: grAce aux mesures conservaloires prises par Henry Kissinger, ilspouvaient agir sans être liCs par des obligations passées, en toute responsabilitC. Leur
decision a Cté annoncCe her: los EtatsUnis quitterorit l'OIT. C'est une commotion
pour cette organisation: Antoine Bosshard
explique. dans un autre page. comment
cue ontend S'efl remettre.
Cependant il faut inesurer aussi In conimotion quo cette méme decision fra cou-
rir dans tout Ic système des Nations-Unios
et, au-delA, clans Ic jeu politique international simplement parce que les Etats-Unis
sont la premiere puissance du monde, et
qu'un mot, un geste. venant d'eux, a toti-
sable do souligner quo l'utilisation d'une
niCmes stir losquels nous fondons notre
action.
Si cette imerprCtation est correcte. La
decision américaine serait alors tine sorte
do mise en garde radicale adressée aux
pays (lit tiers monde, un holà mis A leur
activisnie partisan au scm du système des
Nations-Unies, une maniêre do leur dire:
'(Nous sommes avec vous. A condition
cependant quo vous n'exagériez paso.
Sur un plan l)lus général, cola voudrait
dire quo In doctrine do politique êtrangère
do Jimmy Carter approcherait peu A peu
d'un point d'Cquilihrc a distance equitable
do Ia doctrine européenne (plus crue, plus
rCaliste) et do Ia doctrine du tiers-monde
(plus gCnCreuse dans son esprit peut-être,
mais plus utopiste). GrAce a quoi I'Europe
occidentale pourrait cesser bientôt de SO
perpétuelleinent lAchCe par l'AmCjours des repercussions d'une ampleur sentir
rique. ci Ic tiers-monde renoncer A sa
surpren ante.
manic dangereuse de tirer, sur Ia coinète
amCricaine, des plans illimités. La crise,
temporaire sans doute, quo va connaItre
VOlT. sorvit-ait au moms ainsi a mieux
Unies proprement dites, comme tine sorie asseoir l'équilibre international.
de paladin du tiers nionde, pourfendeur
Au premier abord, Ia decision amencaine apparait contradictoire, alors quo
Jimmy Carter so prCsente, aux Nations-
d'une Afrique dii Sud blanche et d'un
Claude Monnjer
l,
'''
AufL. t. 40Q3
A'ichu nur c/as. Wet. !ic 1', L/in,'J. r
wcrth'n inwier wieder mit A4'ehrheiten
kntJ ion lien, die rücksichtsioI 4itdJck!cia nurschieren. Dies hit so offenkiiii
Missbrauch
'Ei,w
Tiir
/11/it
ins 3ch/oss.
Die
Ainerikaner gehen. Haben sic reclu?
Vie/c sagen nei,z. Ic/i sage ja. Zögeriid,
it/c auch Carters i flue flung zu,iickhal-
iend kiingt:
<dcii ineine,
,'ichiie ElitscheiduF1g?.
c's
war die
Schon vor zwei Jalnen hat
dci
a,nerikaizisclze 4 usseninhiusler Kiss in ger in it dciii Austriti atis der internaizonaleiz Arheits-Organisa/ion gedrofi t.
An/ass: Die AIehrheit c/er Miuglfeder,
voijichnilich atis der Driueu Welt mid
aus c/em konwiunisiisclten Block, warf
LII e Israelis hiiiaus. Den Verire tern c/er
PLO wurde hingegen ciii Izalboffizielier
Beobacli icr-Status ein,z,'eraun it. Ungeac/vet dcv Tatsache, dciss die irrec/enhistischen Paifistinenser zur Sac/ic, n/fin-
ii cli soziale Gerechtigkcit zu stärkcn,
A rbeitsbediiigungen unci Lebensstandard in den Mit gliedstaaten zu fördern,
isirtschafiliche und soz ia/c Stab i/it/it zu
erreicheji.
kffu,icn.
Israelis.
herzlicli wenig be/ira gen
Wc'nigcr jedcnfails als die
dig, ilass jetzt ciii Scliock durch viel/'
Hauptsfiidte geht. Wird es bei,n Are.
IF/ft CUS ciner Unterorganisation dc r
UNO in Genf b/c/ben? Zwn crsten Mal
wit 1945 verldsst ja eine Grossrnacl,t
die liciligen Ha/len. Wird dcis Schule
,;icichen, ZIIiU Beispiel in tier Unesco
ac/Cr
soflstWo?
1st
c's,
iiie manche
befiirchten, c/er Antang i'om Eat/c dcr
Vercinte,, Nalionen? So schwerwiegcnd
si,id diese Bedenken, class sic zuin
Beispiel ciucli cyrus T'cmnce veran!acstemi, semen Prilsidenten urn einen weit ereii Aufschul, bis 1978 zu bitten. SelI,st
e/iarte
Geii'erkscliafts-Chef
dcv
(icorge It4eany, der 1(1 ;icbcn c/cit
dcv A rheitge her eben falls
Vc'rt ref em
gehfiri,
Orgwlisation3-R nude
zur
klagt: .Hoffc,ztlicIz wi;'d cich an!
dciii Weg ctwas ereigncn, was umis di
Riickkehr ernlögiichL'> So 1st es.
Das Neiiz hat drei tie fere Urvache,i.
Just in
dies c'nz
Augenhlick
n,öchme
Carter deutlich iziaclien, days er ,ñit
,se.iier Verztrteilung lsraels wegcn c/cr
S/cd/un gen mi Jordan-Gebiet iziclit in
cIis andere Lager einschwenkt. Er
i eiucilt ,cine Sicine tint dciii Brett
gc'zieit.
Zweitens soil encilich cininal verdeutlie/it u'erden, dass sic/i. die westliche
Die Aincrikane, itarliten. Jedes Ki.id
sic/I als Schir,nherr
irmels betrcicliien. Jeder spuruc, class
c/ic Hu,auswer/er den Sack sch!ugen,
Supemniacht nicht einfach ant der Nase
l,erumtanzen liisst. In den Vereinten
den Esel meinten. Dennoch, lull
Stuck gcwoidan. Wohel das Prinzip der
Gleic/theit a//er Tv! itgliedcr durc/z tins
weiss, class sic
cil,c'i
arro,'anler Seibsisicherheit missbrauchten jene, die inzwischen das Geliigc dci'
1/ereinten Naiioneii. zahlenm/ivsig behcrrsch Cii, audi cliese, bereits nach de,,i
1isten JV'eltkrieg begriindefe Institution.
Einfach dcswegen, well i/men die Sac/ic
wenig, die politische Platiforin abe,
e,iorm vie! bedeutet. Al/es ivird ZUSU
Demonstratinnsgebict. Dainit wercien
we/I we/ic Einrichtungen, wie eben die
ILO oder die Unesco oder was fanner,
von inn en her aus'ehö hit.
Nation en ist diese absurde KabareftNunnner ja allinithlich ciii Repertoire,'c'wahrt ii'crden. kanu, ohne es zu Provokationcii cuisaiten zu lasseir.
Und drittens is! vol zwci Jalirci, Va,:
Kissinger der A usti',tt angekiiiidigt no;den, fails der TV! isslirciuch. in Genf tile/it
aufhöre. Er hat niclit aufge/iört. Da
li/c/hi niclits anderes
lianclein.
Wi/helm
ii brig
a/s zu
Wolfgalig Schlitz
1ie OStZWG1Z
g. FJrcndjUnt Toggenburg
St. Gen/
Ail. t. 7&13
(CH)
I ii citige
Verurteilungsresolutionen
ohne gründliche objektive Untersuchungen nahmen ilberhand. Verletzun-
gen von
LO-Konventionen wurden
nicht mehr geahndet, wenn dies gewisseh Mit gliedregierungen unbequem
waren. Die dreiteilige Willensbildung
von
Regierungen,
Arbeitgeber
und
Gewerkschaften wurde zusehends zu
einer Fraktion verbogen. Dass Washin gton nun die Konsequenzen gezogen hat, ist mehr a/s verstndlich,
wenn auch bedauert werden kann,
dass die Dritte Welt am ?neisten von
der nun notwendig gewordenen Sparilbung der ILO - denn die USA waren
Hauptgeldgeber - betro/fen .ein
wird. Doch gerade einzelne Vertreter der Dritten Welt gehoren zu den
em
Der Wink von Genf
Am tndchtigen Sit; des (T in Gent
herrscht Bcstiirzung. Man hatte in
der Internarionalen A rbeitsorganisatioi
(ILO-International Labour Organiza-
Hauptverursachern der bedenklichen
Zweckentfremdung der JLO. Dass
der amerikanische Austritt die JLO
tion) noch immer geglaubt, man könne den drohenden Auszug der USA
schwächt, iässt sic/i nicht bestreiten,
zumal
Nach to/ge - Kettenreaktionen
die von Kissinger 1975 in den Rauni
gesetzze Drohung wahrgemacht. Man
hat der Scitrirt c/er USA einen starken
Signai-Charakter an die gesamte UNO:
die Warnung an die sog. Weltorganisation, sich nicht immer rnehr einseitig
von Osrblock und Drifter Welt unfer
durch diploinatische Manöver verIzindern. Doch nun hat Pri/sident Carter
sagr,
Carter
habe
innenpolitischem
Druck nachgegeben, und Moskau beschuldigt flugs <zionistische Kreise
in den USA, den Priisidenten zu diesem
Schritt gedrängt zu ha ben. In Tat
rind Wahrheit haben sowohl die AFLCJO-Gewerkschaften wie die USHandeiskammer ein/ach genug von
ihren negativen Er/ahrungen in Gent,
genug von der einseitigen Verpoliti-
sierung der ILO, die wie andere UNOOrganisationen und die Generaiversammiung selber, unter den wachsenden Druck ihrer automatischen Mehr-
heit> von Ostblock und Dritter Welt
geraten ist. Die A rbeitskonferenzen
der 135 Mitglieder haben immer deutlicher gezeigt, dass die sachliche, soziale
und arbeitstechnische Arbeit des BiT
nrehr rind mehr von politischen RUcksichten und Vorstössen überiagert wird.
,zicht auszuschliesscn sind. Jedenfal/s
Druck seizen zu lassen, ist kaum
zu jibe rsehen. Ob der schmerzliche
Gen/er Wink Erfoig ha hen wird, ist
elne andere Frage. Dass die Arnerikaner sich c/as unriihnzliche Genfer Spiel
nicht mehr getalien lassen, ist daher an
sic/i zu begriissen. Auch c/as EPD bedauert nariirlkh offiziell das A us-
scheiden
c/er USA, hot/f aber, dass
es rich nur urn einen vorilbergehenden
Auszug handein werde. Washington
hat led en/ails die Tiire n/c/it endgültig zugeschlagen. Eine RUckkehr
unter verbesserten Verhdltnissen lage
un interesse des wirklichen und mi.
versa/en sozialen Fort schrirts und des
Schutzes von Menschen- und Freiheitsrechten in der Arbeitswelt.
Klaus Amman
Frcrfurtr
Wy. Nun haben sich die Vereinigten
Staaten also doch entschieden, die var
zwei Jahren angedrohte KUndigung
ihrer Mitgliedschaft in der Internationalen Arbeitsorganisation (ILO) wahrzumachen. Ihre Hoffnung, mit dem Vorzeigen des Knuppels einen Kurswechsel
in der ILO zu ezwingen und von der
zunehrnenden Politisierung
der ver-
schiedenen, für bestimmte Sachgebiete
zuständigen Unterorganisationen der
Vereinten Nationen abzuschrecken, hat
getrogen.
Die Lander des Ostblocks und der
dritten Welt, die seit elnigen Jahren
überall in den Vereinten Nationen über
eine ,,automatische Mehrheit" verfugen,
haben die Drohung der Amerikaner
nicht ernst genommen und sich von
ihnen nicht unter Druck setzen lassen
wollen. Die Vereinigten Staaten und mit
ihnen die anderen freiheitlichen Grundsätzen anhängenden Industriestaaten
müssen sich àamit abfinden, daB sic
in den Vereinten Nationen und ihren
Untergremien nicht mehr den Ton angeben. Aber die Grenze des ErtrgIichen war für Washington und vor alleni für die amerjkanischen Gewerkschaften, die in dieser Sache starken
Druck auf die Regierung ausgeubt ha-
ben, da erreicht, wo sic die Substariz
der Arbeitsorganisation gefährdet sa-
iJ
hen. Sic waren der Meinung, die ILO
könne ihre Aufgabe nicht mehr erfüllen, den Auf- und Ausbau des internationalen Arbeits- und Sozialrechts
voranzutteiben, für die Gewerkschaftsfreiheit einzutreten und die Beschäftigung in den Mitgliedsländern zu fardern, wenn dort zuviel Politik gemacht
werde. Sic stiellen sich an den Versuchen der ,,automatischen Mehrheit",
westliche Verstöl3e gegen die von der
ILO ausgehandelten Konventionen zu
verdammen, Sunder aus dem eigenen
Lager aber ungeschoren zu lassen.
Doch bleibt zu fragen, ob die Amen-
kaner mit ihrem Auszug aus den ILO
ihrer Sache nicht einen Bärenclienst
erwiesen haben. Ware es nicht besser
gewesen, so mull man fragen, wenn
sic geblieben wären und weiter beharrlich ihren Einflull geltend gemacht hatten? Ihr Austritt schwätht nicht nur die
ILO, zu deren Budget die Amerikaner
em
Viertel beigetragen haben; er
schwcht auth und vor allem jene
Kräfte iii der ILO, denen es urn wirklichen sozialen Fortschritt und urn den
Schutz von Menschen- und Freiheitsrechten in der Arbeitswelt geht. Ket..
tenreaktionen, sd es em Auszug auth
anderer westlicher Delegationen aus der
ILO, sei es eine Verschärfung des Kumas nun audi in anderen Fachorganisa-
tionen der Vereinten Nationen, sind
nicht auszuschljc Ben.
(Handelsblatt, Dsse1dorf)
Nr. 212 /Donnerstag, 3.11.1977
ie USA riskieren eine
Radikalisierung der ILO
Intemationale Arbeitsorganisation j etzt in Finanznöten
Noch em
Strohhalm
Die Kundigung aus Washington enthält
noch einen Strohhalni, h den sich amigo
ILO-FunktionAre klammern: die angedeutete
Bereitachaft Washingtons zu elnem spateren Zeitpunkt die Ruckkehr der USA in die
11.0 neuauszuhandeln. Bedingung ware, daB
bis aahln Voraussetungen geschaffen si!ld,
die es den Amerikanern erlauben, diesen
Schrltt ohne Gesichts(retlust zu tun.
Der Aiistritt der Vereinigten Staaten aus
der dreigliedrigen und Bltesten IJNO-Unterorganisation steilt ohne ZweifeI einen
Sleg des amerikanischen Gewerkschaftsfüh-
rers George Meany dat Unter dem Druck
des von Meancy geftihrten Gewerksdiaftsver-
HANDELSBLATT, Mittwodi, 2. 11. 1977
GENFfWASHINGTON.
Grofle Enttäuschung herrscht in der internationalen ArbeitsorganisationllLO in
Schu/EgI.
Genf über das endgültige Ausscheiden
der Vereinigteu Stauten. In der ILO war
man seit Monaten damit beschäftigt, die
Statuten den emrteten Gegebenheiten
anzupassen mid dabei auch einigen ame-
rikanischen Forderungen Rechnung zu
tragen.
,,Wir hatten genofft, da6 Washington uns
wenigstens noch eine Atempause von einem
Jahr gegert wurde, tim diese Arbeit zu vollenden', erklarte eta leitender ILO-Funktio-
när. Uber das, was in nlchster Zukunft bei
der 11.0 geschehen wird, gibt es ion Augen-
buck nur Spekulationen. Nur eines stebt
fast: Das Ausscheiden der USA bedeutet für
die schon seit Jahren in finanziellen Schwierigkeiten steckende Organisation em schwaren Schiag. Von dem jàhrlichen Budget wurden bisher 250/0 von den Amerikanern getragao. Ion laufenden Zwei-Jahres-Etat von 169
Mill. $ sind das nicht wenigen ala 42 Mill. $.
bandes AFL-CIO hatte der frBhere US-
AuBenminister Kissinger schon am 4. 11.
1975 das Generalsekretariat der ILO, wie
dies die Statuten vorsehen, Iristgerecht von
der Austrittsabsicht in Kenntnls gesetzt.
Kissinger legte vier Bedingungen dar, unter
Ion Grunde hatte man in Geaf nicht ernst- denen Washington von dem geplanten
haft mit dem amerikanischen Austritt ge- Schritt Abetand nehmen wBrde: 1. dUne es
rechnet und die Warnungen aus Washington in der 11.0 keine weitere Untergrabung des
eher ala Bluff odor diplomatisches Druckmit- Prinzips der Dreigliednigkeit geben, 2. mUsse
tel angesehen dem keine Taten folgen wür- die 11.0 aufhBren, sich lediglich ,,selektiv"
den. Daher gibt es jetzt auch keine detail- der Behandlung von Menschenrechtsfragefl
zuzuwenden (etwa Israel zu venurteilen, jelierte No(standsplanung.
doch Menschenrechtsvenletzungefl im OstNach Ansicht eines hohen ILO-Funktio- block schweigend zu ubergehen), 3. wUrden
oars gibt es jetzt drei MBglichkeiten, die die USA die ILO verlassen, wenn die MiBaber alto gleichenmaBen schwer zu verwink- achtung den Statuten und Verfahrensnegeln
lichen sein werden: Man kann 1. umfassend - wie im Fall der Zulassung einer Befrel-
einsparen, was bei einem Viertel des Ge- ungsbewegung, etwa der PLO - nicht abgesamthaushaltes jedoch wenig realistisch en- stout würde und 4. wünden die USA die wei-
scheint man kann 2. zu den in den letzten tere Politisierung der ILO-Beratungen der
Jalren schon pnaktizierten Methode der Arbeit dieser Organisation nicht mehr bin-
Uberbruckungsknedite greifen. Aber ingend- nehmen.
waun mUssen auch die zuruckgezahlt werdens odor drittens, andere Regierungen
spningen em nod zahlen freiwillig inehr als
sie an sich müllten.
Carters polltlsche Berater - AulienminiSolite es jetzt dazu komrnen, dali die sten Cyrus Vance, den Chef des Nationalen
Staaten des Ostblocks und der Dritten Welt Sicherheitsrates, Brezinskl, und UNO-Bot-
UdSSR am groBten
des entstehende Vakuum ausfUllen, dann schaften Young - haben viele jener Arguwunde von allem die Position den Arbeitge- mente gegen den Austnitt der USA aufgeben in den ILO-Verhandlungen noch schwie- gniffan, mit denen auch westliche Staatsrigor werden als sb ohnehin schon 1st. Nach
Ansicht der Gemelnschaft ist die politische
Präsenz In den ILO so wichtig, daB man ge.
genüben den von den Amerikanern zu recht
hart knitisierten politischen Praktiken Ileber
Auge odor notfalls sogar beide Augen
em
zudrBden soilte. Aus diesem Grunde hatte
ja ouch das US-Aulienministerium bei Carter
für em
Verbleiben in der ILO pladiert.
und Regierungschefs, darunter auch Bundeskanzler Schmidt, versuchten, Pnäsident Car-
ter und George Meany zurn Venbleiben in
den ILO zu bewegen. Ihr vielleicht zentnales
Argument war: Alle die von den USA zu
Redit beklagten Fehlentwicklungefl in dieser
UNO-Organisation dünften durch den Austnitt den USA nicht besser, sondern mit Sichenheit noch schlimmer warden. Mit oinem
Schiag wind die Sowjetunion nämlich dac
grBlite den 135 Mitgliedsländen der 11.0 mit
der Folge, dali den kommunistische BinfluB
vor allem auf die Arbeit in den Entwicklungslandern noch grBller werden dürfte.
Was die westlichen Delegationen mit
amerikanischer Hilfe kaum noch vermochten, solon die westlichen Dolegationen
kUnitig ohue die amenikanische UntenstUtzung in diesen Organisation schaffen: nine
Rückkehr der 11.0 auf einen Kurs, der sowoW dem Gewenkschaftsführer George Meany als auch dem Vertreter den US-Arbeit-
geber, Charles Smith, akzeptabel ist.
Ec
blieb verschledenen US-Gewerkschaftschefs,
danunter dam den amerlkanischen Automobilarbelter, Douglas Frazer vorbehalten,
festzustellen, daB rich ,,Prâsident Carter
dem Vonwunf den Heuchelei aussetze, falls
en jane Organisation unterminiaren wUrde,
weiche in den Vereinten Nationen die wirk-
samste Maschinenie zur Verbeseerung der
Menschenrechte aufweist".
Manichi Daily News
Thurdy Octobr2O, 1977
EDITORIAL
ILO's excessfve interference in international politics.
All these points hit the mark and ar un-
USShouldStayInILO
Treaty of 1919, is much older than that of the United
On Nov. 5, 1975, the United States governnent
notified the International Labor Organization (ILO)
joined the ILO in 1934, hIl the members having been
industrialized countries. Today, on the other hand,
of its intention of withdrawal. According to Article 1,
Paragraph 5, of the ILO Constitution, a withdrawal
becomes effectivein two years after a notice to that
effect. The two-year period is fast expiring.
Unless the U.S. government changes it mind
during this period, the suborgan of the United Nations
Organization will lose a member which is the largest
financial donor and has considerable political influence. This must be the biggest crisis for the entire
United NatIons since its inception.
The administration of U.S. President Jimmy
Carter held a cabinet-level meeting earlier this month
to discuss this question, but could not reach any
conclusion. A report listing two opinions is now in the
hands of the president who must choQse from the two.
Our opinion on this issue remains unchanged
since the time when a letter from Henry Kissinger,
then secretary of state, to the ILO, was disclosed two
years ago. We can understand the situation that
prompted the U.S. government to make such a
decision but we believe that the United States should
remain in the organization and endeavor for its improvement and further development.
Here in Japan, Prime Minister Takeo Fukuda
derstandable to us. The history of the ILO,
established in accordance with the Paris Peace
Nations and no such troubles arose when the U.S.
the member countries come from throughout the
world and the East-West and North-South relations
are bound to be reflected in any international
problem. Some may say that the questions raised by
the U.S. are what must be accepted. We, however,
think that such an attitude can only weaken the
foundation of the ILO and that no easy compromise
can be condoned.
In this connection, attention must be focused on
the fact that the ILO itself has exerted considerable
efforts to correct the course of its actions during the
past two years.
For instance, the ILO rejected all the resolutions
on Zionism or other issues of a delicate political
nature. Measures have been taken to consolidate the
three-part representation issue. The Committee of
Experts has also come up with a report censuring
labor rights violations in East Europe and elsewhere.
Such efforts by the ILO to return to its original
spirit are beginning even within the U.S. to beget
.opinions in favor of reconsidering the withdrawal
issue. Regardless of a new situation in the U.S., the
ILO must, of course, continue its efforts in the present
direction. This will inevitably increase the respon-
and Labor Minister Hirohide Ishida have requested
the U.S. government to reconsider the issue, with
labor leaders making a similar plea to the American
sibility and leadership role of the ILO and Free World
nations in nurturing the improvement of employment
and working conditions and also healthy development
Organizations (AFL-CIO).
most important future tasks for the ILO.
A U.S. withdrawal under such a situation would
Federation of Labor-Congress of Industrial
The U.S. government has cited as the major
reasons for its decision to withdraw: (1) Communist
and Third World countries were not faithfully ob
serving the ILO rule to form delegations from three
sectors - government, employers and workers; (2)
the ILO was applying a double standard on human
rights, that is, stricter for Free World nations; (3)
frequent negligence of ILO procedures, and (4) the
of labor movements in developing countries - the.
be a heavy blow to the ILO and the United Nations
itself. It would harm to no small extent the policies of
President Carter stressing the respect of the United
Nations and international cooperation.
We hope President Carter, after serious reconsideration, will rescind the previous U.S. decision to
leave the ILO.
be hoped that the
THE PAKISTAN TIMES. U.S.It will
will be b1e to revieW
l:ut mean
t'iblkhed from Rawalpindi an4 L4iore.
November 4, 1977.
POINTLESS EXIT
its stand
134
-.
while the re.
nembers of the body will
have to accept the fact of
its going and find ways of
carrying on the ILO'S good
work much as they di be-
It has been bravely
asserted by some that the
h lody can su1vive America's
fore.
ion-JLO iSSUC simply
fhe U.S. dee'sion to
cause jt has O!itica[ b: withdrawal. It no doubt
withdraw
from
ti
nally
Lhe Arnel1can P1t can, but the effort should
ILO s hth to be regretrtd in.s. diso
iS be to make it even more
thit here of
and deplored. Regrett d- v;u,
effective and useful if pOS
vOtS'
beaune that country ha 'autorhatiz iIC1C
Third
sible. There may be point
and
the
socialist
playi.d a major role in
1iO.
in
some of the other AmeWorld
countries
UI
ing this okest and mc
- namely
presii&U3 of world bodi .s. There wC1kii he-- sjrnihSf rican criticisms
tripartite
principle
b!oek
of'
V2S
iu.ttC
UJ\.
that
the
what it is. That role d .i
WIICt1CVCr is not being strictly observ'
imt cnclst oily in its suh aul(i elsewhet' i5UE'5
arid cci or that the organisation
stantial linancial contricu- t h e r e
are
uniformly
d i v I d e.'has not been
tion--ari)uncl a quarter o .tUnds that
of violations ot
Its total budget_mpOrtaflt countries into confront cognisant
conventions. There have
it
was
There
gr9ups.
a. this was. The American lag
criticisms from
e'I)erience in industrial de a time when the u.s. used- been other
quarters too. All
rnoernCy has been helpful to eornn'ind a larg block other should be reviewed.
ir formulat:ng ideas and ,t vot and easily used to t1esespecial efforts will still
policies in the fold and outvote countries holding Aiddoubt be needed to make
American
representativas contrary OpifliOfl eveli when 110
the
active they were in the right (as ihird Wo11.l countries,
newcomers to industrialisa
and influential particpants oil the iinue of People's
iml)lenleiIt the ackin the ôrganisations pro China's entry into the tion,
nowledged
rights of Labour.
gramnies and preoccupa U.N.). It would have been
Lions. With that country's as wrong for these latter
going thereiore a big gap t. pull out of world bodies
then as it is unreasonable
will be created,
fur the U.S. to withdraw
At the same time, ,how from the 11.0 110W. Even
ever, there will be very if Washnton felt that
little sympathy for Wash the majority m e m b e rjxtons reasons for leav- ship of the International
ing, whch the ILO D Labour Organisation was
rcctor too thinks did not not following accepted ohjustify the drastic step. jeetives and procedures the
Four grievances have been proper course, if it consider
listed, .but it is generally as ci [LO worthwhile, would
sumed that the chief of have been for it to do its
these iS the charge that the own bit towards steering
labour body was being poli- the boh' n to what it
ticjed. And this sprang tl]ouht vere the right tininanly from ILO's COfl' es. jt is ironical that Mr.
demning Israel in 1975 for Carter, who says he is
Its policies towards Arab crudadng for human rights
workers in occupied tei'il- shc'ulcl he the one to have
tories. That brought the his country out of the
two-year notice of With world's premier organisadrawal from Dr. Kissinger. ton working for the hu
The subsequent efforts to man rights of the workers.
have the resolution with- The gesture itself. rathet
drawn did not succeed. The t'nn the grounds for it
t .S. also moved for the crc- will b i ri ti rpreted as en
ation of a special commit tirely ditical.
and. experts were
tee that would screen all
future resolutions for political content, but that too
v.'as not accepted. The
pique is thus understand-
able, but to turn It into a
looks
ridiculous. The line between
political and non-political
issue is often hard to draw.
The question of Arab workers does not become a nonlabour, and therefore a
matter of principle
(The HinduStan Times, 7.11.77)
An Act of Anger
The United States has snapped its 43-year-old link with
the Internationaj Labour Uiganisatlon; the Carter Adnuin
Istratlon last week acted on
its predecessor's acela ration
of intent to do so two years
an emerging mu!t1-poiar toba1
s stem was impresrng1 its' II
As fcc the
on Vrashingloii
parti'ular ILU action which
inceried 'he US and made it
fly off the handlegranting
of obsirver status to the i'a-
ago. All those who have been lcsirit' Liberation Organisaexpeeting that Mr Carers in- ticcn---ii
Ito more polilicat
cuiency would nit':. ci a niel- than the ItiGi decision hiil
lowing of the es al'itude to. South Africa to keep out '
wards International organoa- the orunjsathn. Though a
tions generaI' and th' United specialised agiccy cif the UN
Nations in particular, will Oc the IL() has atwa
kept its
chagrined by the uriwarr1nt memi'c;ship cnr' oniversat
ot the tiN are
complaint that the ll) was admitted b a t '-thirds vote
ed American action. The US
being increasingly poit;cied at an flAt conference As a
and was being abused by its matter of fact, the eandci.iture
ideological rivals as a forum of the NA) was supported
for "anti-Israel" and "pro- by a majority of Government
Communist" propagauda is delegates reflecting the will
not new. It originatea In the of the bulk of thF 13 mem-
McCarthy period and has per- bers.
.lsted off and on since then
Though the US had joined
with and without justification. the ILU only In 1934-15 years
What gave It an edge two after its InceptionAmerican
years ago was a stance, adopi. trade unionists like Samuel
ed In the later clays ul
Ur Gompers had contributed miKissinger's stewardship of the mensely to the concept of an
State Department, that the international labour par!detente with the Soviet Union mont" which led the \'or iii
the
notwithstandin'i,
L
conference to cstabiish trio
should pull no punches at tb- ILO aPLt tb nore n i
UN and ither intcin;itloiI
at ms tVt 'ii the soviet tin 1011
lung
teiCti ('ClflhsliUhSt
i Moa1's rejointrt if in ltiti4
ctnl Us !acuna of a n'.0 r Power nol
forums on Issues on
directly. Professor r
ynihan, who was
1
representative at the tiN lhtn,
iirticulated that attilude triost
faithfully and voc1 rously and
targeted it cm the Third
rl rcC. it
World. Below the
also reflecte1 the Ls('iaiiomst
-
I
inc its part to a wOFidld
port was ro-
ls
S0(i0etOIlO'flic'
niovid
i
Ii
0
the
ILO nave a Urort arid tr;uur
ing reievsitce to mosi coun
t:
s
of Asia
and
Africa
trend In US thinhu' sUmi
hire a Inc of :et' y has 1,
lated largely by th
;etnin he mane up in matters ltki
debacle.
eccirlty, tecrutiment
and naming of workers tradi'
'.oeial
With Mr Carter's assun.p- union rights. plOcttio'lvlty,
thin of US PreidentsflAp there and so on. The I S conuAcuwere hopes of a more enlight- In to ci -ui-h maticrs will
The ioie
ened appronch to he Third 1. mi'ocd nr'
World.
choice of Mr diac impart of its departu?
'The
Andrew Young, a bhk, as tn -. iii, howe.Ct , be b it on th
US ambassador to the IN ri'- ll,tt bu1,i' w1ich %' he
flected a desire to ulid brie ;norer b () t,"iU'rcn dnars
ges with Africa. It 'it med the 1ut bc crisic 0 bt tifeO
US wa'
wir'i
t
Ii
rit'
hi'. h
t
li live
uu
no
minate an"! thri', the h
a
-
ilL!
I ii- ii
I
No-
PFt
-c
to th
("Ajba°', MADRID, 3.11.1977).
shhjtiirn (explica> su eada de Ia OIT
LA :)1CI.I'1!
NO
GINEBRA, 2. (Efe.)uLa rotiroda estadounidensa do Is OrOanizacidu Intomaclenal
dcl Trabajo (OIT) no constituye sine advortoncIa a lee dornOs orgnizeioric ccpeelslizadas do las Nacionea Unidas',, ha dcclarodo ci cmboledor do Estedoc IJaidas en Is
central ew'opoa do Ia GNU, Vandon Hccvcl.
Pero Washington so oponclrO a cunlqulora do dichas orcssIcmos ci "505 objotivoo
eseucialoas. so mercies con Ia politica, cgccg6.
Washington no prcslonarO a otros palsee pore quo hndancn is OIT y tIoccnac0
si algustas ncclones ticnCn intcncidn do hacer Is ralosno, cgrc6 Vascics Kcsuvol.
La nacids IsraoIl puodo ebeosdonr In Organlznols stcrsscclooch col Trcaco (OIT)
tros is declsldn dot prosidnto Cc'tor do rotirar a lea Estedas lJqido dcc Ia oeanizacidn, segOn mrnlfcatsron el martes oigunos reprosentautea dci Goblorno.
Par su parto. ci Gobiorno do Ia Repdbllca Fodoral do Alomcaiia crproaO en pro'
ocupacidu por La decisión do Ion Estados Unldos d retirarco do Ia OrraIzOci&a in.
ternacionai del Trabojo (OLT).
Tambidn fuontos dcl ministro japondn do Aeuntos Extos'ioroo lean ai.:proaeda en
preocupacidn par Ia docisldu de Nortccmdrlc0.
.Esperamos quo los Estedo Unido vuelvan lo ontos poslblo, dijo m roptoscis-
A ADVERTENCIA
ES
tante dcl Gobierno, cibdiendo quo eiapOn trstrrO do creOr sea c!imo cuD porsulto
Ia vucita do Nortoamdrlca.n
Aslmismo, iii Confedoración Mundisl del Trabajo, orgcnizaeidn o In quo pcdcn0000
El Uesentantes de Is'ael hn nuridada que su pais pod1a
15 naillosacs do trobajadasos do pIscs occidcntaiog, mnlfctO oycr on p000r per 01
abandono nortoamosicano do ie orgnlzccin.
La Confederacicin (CMT) ccItT formada par tan ccntoosr do cantrolec oludicaIse do
84 paIsos, y tieno su soda en Crusolan.
Sg0ii ci comunlcado Ia decielcin arava Ia crisis actual sic Ia QIT y demuostro quo
ulr el
eem,riDa norteamericana
osta organIzacisin deba sufrir radicalos tronsfommaciones.
Encuesta
CC. 00.
SerafIn Aliaga
(Encargado de Rebolones
Intemacionalec)
ccPresión para votvor
a Ii poiltica do
"guerra fda
1.Efectivamente. exis.
discrepancias en ci
orden politico. Por un Ia.
do estil Ia Influencla, Ca.
da vez mayor, de los palsos socialistos, cuya rela.
don con Ia OIT era casi
nula durante ci periodo
do Ia .guerra fda.. y quo,
ton
tras Is distensiOn, empieza
a 5cr cada vez mayor, aT
tiempo quo Los sindicatos
do los diversos pafses em.
piozan a relacionarse en.
tre si. Coincide dsto con
Unicios do Ia OTT es ci de
Ia excesiva politizaciOn de
este organismo. Realmon-
quiere decir quo tongs quo
ser apolilico. Peso 10 quo
sf es cierto es que hay quo
evitar quo se politico do.
Los Estados Unidos, tras uarenta y tres
años do permanencia ininterrumpida, so retirarôn el 5 do noviembre d Ia Organización
Internaclonal del Trabajo. La decision puode
traer consbcuencicls muy graves para ol tu
turo do esto oranizaciOn, ya quo hay quo toner en cuenta quo los Estodos Unidos aportan a Ia OIT Ia cuarta porte do su presupuesto, quo eotO cifrado en cerca do ochonta ml.
masiaclo, quo es lo que
ültimamentc ostil pasan-
do, porquc se echarias
por tierra las importanti.
sims5 funciones laboralos
quo tienc y Ta copaciclad
do este instruniento. Al
mismo tiempo hay quo te
nor on cuonla q Ia OTT
CS ci ilnico organismo in.
tyrnacional cuya organiza-
dicatos sabre ci apartheid
en Africa del Star, Ia pa.
frente a Ia Adminits'aoiOn
Caster.
Tambaiin lie do declr quo
en ci
trabajo, etc. Esta politizadOn no las agradado a Los
reprasenlantes do los sindicatos americonos, quo
ban hocho presiOn para
voicer a IS politica do la
guorra fda; iaabfan dado
larnentoanos ci modo do
llevar a c,bo Ia rothada
do los Estados Unidos,
presioauiodo do on modo
muy amelicano: o haccis
OslO, 0 005 VOIBOS. Esto,
eaicionlcmoiato no 10 poe.
no plazo do dos altos y es.
to piazo so cumple ahora.
den hacor otros palses Cuya apoitacii3r. a is OTT Cs
muv poquolia.
do lo quo representan los
2.La aportacidia cia los
Estados linidos en Ia OTT
ha sido importanto; yo di.
via quo definitna. En primet' lugol, per su impos'
taiiio pOrtaciOn financie-
2.Tcnfan Ia influencia
sindicatos, Is patrc'nal y ci
Estado smcilrat.oS; es do-
dr. is quo corresponds a
so fuerza, pero so hafluen-
cia politics lbs siendo Ca.
da vex menor con respecto
a is que habla tenido an.
teriormentc.
3.La repocousiOn es,
In 11 d a montalmente, ceo.
nOmica, ya qua los Esta-
rs, y, en segundo lugar,
pot. Ia ayuda a nivel do
exportoc quo fadlitaba. In.
flucucia polItics es indu.
dable qua Ia h tenido.
Aliora 10 quo hay quo ver
dos Unidos sport aban es las reacci000s de otros
paisco ante cats retirada.
3.La roporcusiOn vs a
por 100 dcl presupuesto d
is OTT, Is cital ce ye obli- sor fuerto. La situaclOn
ccor.ómica
de is OTT ya
gods a suprirnir urns eerie
do actividades tras csta era do per si diffcil mu.
chos palses estaban airsretirada,
aproximadamente tan
23
UCT
Manuel Simon
(Encargad0 do Relaciones
(Interneelonsles)
uLa rotirada as
Lzsmentable*
1.En efecto, ci
argu-
monto fundamental do is
sados en sus cotizaclosacs y ahora la rotirada
estadounidense so a ste.
do un punto do vista politico, Ia retirada des
equllibra a Ia OIT a favor segn ciertos
ñolas, quo responden a estos tros preguntas
quo hemoa p!onteado:
Estados LJnidos dicen retirarse do Ia OlT por su excesiva-
OLos
politlzociOn.
Es clerto osto? ,Hacia
dónde ye encaminada d I c ha politizadon?
era haste ahora Ia Influen.
CIa de los Estados Unldos, en Ia
Oil?
ej,CuáI
politico v oconómiCa
do Ia retirade,
ORepercusión
tos catadountdenasa,
3.La repercusiin coo.
influir por los Estados ndmics so ci sor imporUnidos, votan do manes's sante. La rolirada ha si.
muy distlnta La realidad do como un chantaje,
Ia liegees quo so ha rob
puce cOos dicen quo si
neonia y ci coitsenso do vucive al apoliticismo reOttos tiempos.
grosan a is OtT. Ello su.
3.La repcicusiOn es pos'olver a Ia situalitics y econOmics. R. pondris
ción quo so daba 155cc
padtO a ha ec006mica poe.
do ocurrir quo is OTT
tenga quo reducir sus pro.
gramas, rominarios y has.
ta ci personal, ligado ds,o
aqua todavia isutde ocurrir
-
altos. Lo dificil ahora s'a a
soy que ci resto do los palSOS puedan palisr las dcii.
ciencias econOmiccis quo
tracrtT consigu Ia retirada
l)isOs do Estados Unidos
debido s presiones do ds-
(.
Si ocurro sal, puede
5cr uts golpo do nsuer'e cLo Oil rio dfiendc, a
pars Ia OlT. Par airs
los trabojedorecia
porte, puedo sac, y ensten ya runsoros on cite
sentido, qua Ia UniOn So.
Nucstra sisaica postura
vidtica trate do oeupar ci ant,a 10 quo pose or. Ia OTT
Wear de Estados Unidos cc Ia do abtenornos. Ta
olevando Sn aportaciOn al rcchazamoc en in dia Is
to.
precupuecto do la OTT. La initaciOn dcl cx Ministro
pastors que cr00 vs a Enriqua tic Is Mats pars
prospcaar, sin embargo, cc
quo Los Estados Utsidos
vuelvsn a is OTT. Puedo
afirmar qua pry parto do
USO, so has'i Coda lo po.
sible poiquc vuelvaq.
C5JT
Pedro Cristóbal
Segovia
asiatic, coo as otras ceotraics sir'dicalos, a has
conversaciones con Is
OTT. Docilnamos eSte din.
nor, do representar a Iris
trshajadoro
do Ia OlT,
organizacksn
berisamor,tal
cc
pocque creemos quo esta
intcrgu-
croatia por
io Gobiornoc tie los dietinto yalses. La CNT ctd
en cOntra dci 1a pelntoO do
Ia On' por eto, porque no
(Scee'ctsrio do RelaciOsieS) scums manors do doO,n-
da so puede inlorpretal
coma una vicioria dcl blo.
quo do paises del Este,
con Ia cued se produce no
desequilibrio quo no es
nada buer.o. Del masmo
quo ci Isabitewos do polite-
zaciOn usda Is izquiarda,
la OTT isa estado siempro
polltizada, porquo ha hecho usia labor politics.
Por otra parte, Si bless sates ci control politico do
Estados Unedos era muy
grancte, Ia amplisciOn a
muchos palses ha itecho
dec los intoreses do. Los
trabaJadorcs en tans organizaoi6n isterolanlsta 0
sindicalismo do cisss in to r gubcrnamcntal. La
verdad ca quo natia do to
scEs un boicet al
i.Crccmo quo ci nsa- quo ocurra en estti (Mt
flu4 interests dnsssiasEa.
La rcLsraucue ifitatie,
tivo real dcl abandono do
las Estados Unidos do Ia
praduceiste aI Is retirada
OIT, no Cs otro quo ci do
fuora do Ia URSS. Ahora
uns cxccaha politizadiOn
puedo producirso usia 00.
CU Ste Seflo. Hasta obese
dena de retiradas que Ira quo clismissuyece. Otro pro- los nortaamericanoa bass
en perjulclo do Is OTT. Y blems o quo ci tripar. prefigtirado las rcsoluci.
tismo coda vez esttT Sian. sea do ha organizaclOn.
puedo producirse una
dida do credibihdad quo do mas en cuastidn, incite. Esto esttT camblando y
mode hubiora sido contra.
sopercutirla on is lucha
de is OTT on pro de las
hibertacleS sindicalos.
Us
Francisco LcOn
ponec Is iimitaciOn do Ia
capacidad cl ostudios do
formacido y do todas las
actisidades quo rashes is
(Encargodo d RelaciofleS
OTT.
hoemonIa amorlcana
1.Hay dos problensas
Politicamenits Ia organi
zacidn va a quodar en una
situaclOn diffeil. La retira.
Ia OTT ha sido forzada
por los peopios sindica.
tie los Estados U'nido.
Hones de dOlores.' Al mismo tienipo, y ya des- que aigsin otro pals siga los
dOn Cs tripartita inter. seotoros del bloque do 103 posos del Esto.
vienen gobiero, emire.
Para anallzar el hecho, ARRIBA ho pedido
sarios y Cr5 bajadores, Ia opiniOn do las centrales sindicales espa-
quo los omprosarios nortoamericanos ban ejercido
ha dcrecciOn quo deseahet.
Pero, actualinon to los ptt.
ses qua antes so djaban
CRISIS ECONOMICA DE LA Off
sino laborai, 10 quo no
io quo so cancretiza en ci
hec1i do que so celebren
reuniones do todoc los sin.
LAS CENTRALES CONFIRMAN LA
to Ia funciOn d esta organizaciOn no as poiltica,
Ia incorporaciOn a Ia OTT por Ia qua su importar.cia
de diversas poises del Ter- es fundamental.
oar Mundo, y ambos facto.
UGT laments l rotirada
res unidos bacon quo te de los Estados Unicios,
planteon probiemas quo quo so ha producido a
no cc pianteaban antes, causa do las presiones
luciOn, seguridad
influencisba los sotos en
rotirada do los Estados
Inteznaclonale3)
teSo ha rote Is
contralos. El primoro es
so clentro sic Ta OTT. Pero
Ussidos do Is Organizaclin
no hace mtT quo coolly-
mar, en dOrIa atoners, Ia
go nosotras opinaceos do
Ta OTT, quo ci sOlo use or.
ganismo en ci quo los Ec.
tados rindon so5 batallas
hn boicotcado ci props gcsndisticas. Y cc
crea quo en ci fondo ci par eso
r op r osotttsnt.'S dci igusl quo cc retire Estaproblems esttT en qua Is quo
sindicalismo,
antes clan- dos Unidos quo is UniOn
OTT so polities on un sea- dostino, So sianten en ste Sovidtica. En aniboa ca-
tido qua Va en contra do anisma mass,
sos, lot sindicatris do Oslos interose tie Estaclos
2.La influencia en Is los y otros Estodo; no sort
Unidos.
OTT do los Esteidos Unl- m3s quo apOndico do SUS
2,La irfluoncia politics doe ha yonido dads par- coi'reispontliOnta organisti.
era muy grands, por no quo sus dcicgacioncs, quo clones eatatalsa.
decir hogemOnica en ci son telpartitas, on el resEncuesta reali'ada par:
sentido do quo on todo to do los palses, son ndtipo do problenias, coma formes. Hay quo tenor on
Isa ocurrldo con Is cues- cuonta qua ci sindicslis.
dOn do Israel, que es Is mo americana no cc tan
COttISUELO SANCHEZ.
do cisto, Estados Unidos rosoluciOn do .apartarcte do
Is' CARMEN MARIIVXO
causa quo ha motie'ado to.
VICENTE
sindicalismo do chase, y Is AGUSTIN VeTLLADOLID
-
("La Naci6n", Buenos-Aires, 3.11.1977)
,.
La endebiez de Ia OTT
EL retiro de los Estados Unido.
de la OrganizaciOn lnternacional del
Trabajo acaba de eñalar ci punto
culininante de Un proceo que afec'a. no sOlo a aquella naciOn sino a
tuchas otras y que no se circuns-
ctIbe a aquel organismo sino a otro
importantes cuerpus internacionales.
La decisiOn del presidente Carter
ue adoptada porque se interpretO
que Ia OTT se ha transforniado en
tin foro de propaganda ideolOgica sec
taria desde el cual, entre otras ccsas, se alienta una activa agesiVidad contra el Estado de Israel.
La tajante medida del ide del Es-
tado desperto reacciones encontradas
en las curnbres de su adininistraciOn,
no sOlo porque Sc considera que
sa podria ser una forma de "entregar" Ia OTT a los "revoltosos" sino norque podria constituir uria manetã de socavar los cimientos de las
Naciones Unidas, de las que depende aquel organismo. Seflalemos, por
iItimo, que la sali%la de los Estados
Unidos de Ia OIT era una acciOn cuya concreciOn se contemplaba, si
bien no en forina urgente, desde ci
gobierno de Gerald Ford. La sectarizaciOn de Ia organizaciOn, original-
merite creada para proteger a los
trabajadores de todo ci mundo en
medio de las mutaciones del ambiente
q
laboral contemporäneo, the la causa
de las advertencias de entonces y de
Ia decisiOn de ahora.
Washington, que aporta cerca de
cuarta parte del presupuesto de Ia
)1T, obligara a drásticas reducciones
en el organismo con asiento en Gieifra. Al parecer, tarnbién Ia Cámaa :Norteamerieafla de Comercio y
una ederaci6n sindical, ainbas con
deIetioias en ci cuerpo internacio-
nal, retirana de él a sus represen.
tantes, movidos por apreciaciones si-
inilares a las que condujeron a
in
drástica de-cisiOn del señor Carter, in
cul no foe cornpartida por Ia tota
Lidad de su gabineic.
En cuanto a in consideracidu
de
dna afectar dc algdn modo a
las
que Ia retracciOn norteamericana po-
Naciones Uiddas, no podia dejar do
anotarse que no sOlo Ia OfT sino
otras organizaciones dcl mas alto nivel internacional atraviesan por crisis paralelas que podrian tipificarse
si decimos que estn siendo manipuladas pam fines ajenos a su cometi-
do. Ya ha habido ocasiOn de hacer
referencias concretas en dicho sentido en estas mismas columnas, asf
como fue necesario cuestionar lava.
lidez de acciones de algUn organi
mo cultural fuera de su especiico
catnpo tie accion.
Circunstancias tan signiflcativas ciinio las apunt.adas constituyen so-
brado motivo para quo nuestro gobierno examine crfticamente la permanencia de su representaciOn en Ia
OIT y para que también desinenuce
los pro y los contra de Ia participa.
dOn oficial de la Republica en otra'
organizaciones en las que se percibe
Ia acciOn onquestada de principios di-
sociadores. Esto se impone en mo.
mentos en los cuales Ia admisiOn irres-
rrcta de mindsculos Estados en los
cuerpos niultinacionales y la prev'alencia en ellos de criterios polIticos
ocasionales e imprecisos vuelven in.
postergabie una actualizada estima
ciOn de los criterios hasta ahor
aceptados en cuanto a Ia constitti'
don y a Ia marcha de los organi:
mos mundiates, regionales y sub; gion ales.