Unit 6 Review Questions pp. 887-­‐916 1. In what year did the First World War begin? 2. What did the people of Europe generally expect about WWI? 3. What three nations formed The Three Emperors’ League in 1873? 4. What nation was known as “the sick man of Europe?” 5. The First World War began as a result of a struggle over the balance of power in what region? 6. What nation’s success in a war with the Ottoman Empire in 1877-­‐1878 served to threaten the balance of power in the Balkans? 7. What diplomatic conference was organized by Bismarck in 1878 to check Russian expansion in the Balkans and in the declining Ottoman Empire? 8. Germany and Austria concluded a defensive military alliance against what nation in 1879? 9. What nation joined with Germany and Austria in 1882 to form the Triple Alliance? 10. Playing on their mutual fears, Bismarck cajoled what two nations into forming secret treaties with him in 1881, thereby forming The Alliance of the Three Emperors? 11. Until what year did The Alliance of the Three Emperors last? 12. What treaty did Bismarck create with Russia in 1887 after the breakdown of The Alliance of the Three Emperors? 13. What happened to Bismarck in 1890? 14. Who was the king of Germany that dismissed Bismarck and led Germany into WWI? 15. After William II’s failure to renew the Russian-­‐German Reinsurance Treaty, what nation did Russia begin to form an alliance with, culmination with a military alliance in 1894? 16. What country wanted to maintain its policy of “splendid isolation,” but was drawn into the European system of alliances? 17. Most political commentators in the late 19th century would have assumed that Britain would have formed a “natural alliance” with what country? 18. Germany’s decision to construct a large __________ brought it into conflict with Britain. 19. What European nation was Britain’s closest commercial rival by 1900? 20. What colonial conflict in South Africa demonstrated that the British Empire had overextended itself and that its far flung imperial domains were becoming a liability? 21. What agreement organized by the French foreign minister Theoplie Declasse recognized British control in Egypt in return for recognition of French control in Morocco as well as settling all other colonial disputes between England and France? 22. What conference was pushed for and organized by Germany in an attempt to contest French control of Morocco in 1905-­‐6? 23. What was the name of the social welfare program that was supported by Liberal members of Parliament such as David Lloyd George? 24. What international meeting helped resolve some tensions in the Balkans and parcel out territory their between the Great Powers in 1878? 25. Austria-­‐Hungary annexed Bosnia-­‐Herzegovina in 1908 in order to take advantage of Russian weakness after the Revolution of 1905 and in order to block the nationalistic expansion of what Balkan country? 26. The assassination of what Austrian leader led to the outbreak of WWI? 27. Archduke Ferdinand was assassinated by what group? 28. Who was the German Kaiser at the outbreak of WWI? 29. Who was the Chancellor of Germany at the outbreak of WWI? 30. What nation did Serbia turn to for support against Austria-­‐Hungary? 31. What was the name of the German plan that outlined contingencies for a two-­‐front war with France and Russia? 32. Germany violated the neutrality of what country as it invaded France in August of 1914? 33. What is the term for the stalemated style of warfare that came to describe the Western Front? 34. True / False. Most Europeans entered WWI with great optimism and idealism. 35. What was the name of the iconic novel about WWI written by Erich Remarque? 36. What was the name of the Battle on the Eastern Front in which Russian forces were halted by the Germans commanded by Erich Ludendorff and Paul von Hindenburg? 37. What member of the Triple Alliance changed sides in exchange for promises of Austrian territory? 38. Who were the Central Powers? 39. Who were the Allied Powers? 40. The invasion of what area in Turkey proved disastrous for Britain in 1915? 41. What eventually brought America into WWI? 42. What is the term for the complete mobilization of resources towards the war effort? 43. What was the name of the German organization that established rationing, production quotas, and organized the distribution of raw materials? 44. Who were the German generals who became the virtual rulers of Germany during the later years of the war? 45. What law passed in 1916 required that men ages 17-­‐60 to work only at jobs considered critical to the war effort? 46. What happened to the number of women in the workforce during WWI? 47. What privilege did women in Britain, Germany, Austria, and the US receive after the war? 48. What happened to the commitment of common people to the war effort in the combating nations as the war dragged on? 49. What happened in Russia in 1917 as a result of WWI? 50. Who was the mystical Russian courtier who manipulated the tsar and tsarina prior to the Russian Revolution? 51. Who was the tsar of Russia who was killed in the Revolution? 52. Who was the communist leader who sparked the Russian Revolution and came to power as a result? 53. Who was the socialist leader who became Prime Minister of the Provisional Government after the February/March Revolution? 54. What was the name of the socialist workers council that dominated popular opinion and rivaled the control of the Provisional Government? 55. What radical order led to the fragmentation of military discipline? 56. What term means “majority group” and refers to Lenin’s communist party? 57. Who was the supporter of Lenin (his “right hand man”) who was able to bring control of the military into the hands of the Bolsheviks after Kornilov’s failed coup? 58. The Bolshevik phase of the Russian Revolution is known as the _____________ Revolution. 59. Lenin made peace with Germany and ceded large swaths of territory in exchange through what treaty signed in 1918? 60. What was the name of the secret police organization Lenin established to purge political foes? 61. After a failed German offensive on the western front and a successful allied counterattack, a German Revolution began sparked by a mutiny where? 62. What was the name of the German Republic declared after Kaiser William II fled at the end of WWI? 63. What was the name of the Peace Treaty that ended WWI? 64. What was the term for President Wilson’s plan for the peace settlement? 65. What was the international peace-­‐keeping agency that Wilson proposed at the end of WWI? 1.
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War Raw Materials Board Erich Ludendorff and Paul von Hindenburg Auxiliary Service Law Increased dramatically Suffrage They became disillusioned Revolution Grigorii Rasputin Nicholas II Vladimir Lenin Alexander Kerensky Petrograd Soviet Army Order #1 Bolsheviks Leon Trotsky October/November Treaty of Brest-­‐Litovsk Cheka Naval shipyards at Kiel Weimar Republic Treaty of Versailles 14 points League of Nations.