embedded operating systems utility programs
Next
1

What is system software ?
(sometimes called the platform ))
Next p. 8.02
What are the functions of an operating system?
start the computer provide a user interface manage programs administer security control a network manage memory p. 8.02 Fig. 8-1 provide file management and other utilities monitor performance establish an
Internet connection schedule jobs and configure devices
Next
2

What is a cross-platform application ? (WordPerfect 14)
 Runs identically on multiple operating systems

Operating system that computer uses is sometimes called the platform
Application
Operating System/
Platform A
Operating System/
Platform B
Operating System/
Platform C
Operating System/
Platform D p. 8.03
Next
Next p.8.3
Where is the operating system located?
Resides on computer’s hard disk in most cases
May reside on a ROM chip on handheld computers
Different sizes of computers typically use different operating systems
Some types of computers may have different operating systems
Various operating systems often are not compatible
(Apple MACs vs PCs)
3

Windows Vista 180 million copies sold (June 2008)
Vista Service Pack 1 (SP1) [released in March 2008]
Windows XP 335 million users
Windows 2000 100 million users
Windows (older versions) 15 million users
Windows 7 due out late 2009 (with touch screen technology)
Worldwide: 800 million users of Windows OS
Source: Washington Post, Page D-1, Nov 29, 2007
Microsoft’s Ray Ozzie replaced Bill Gates as the lead man and chief software architect at Microsoft. Ozzie invented Lotus Notes and Grove before selling it to
Microsoft for $120 million and he plans to lead
Microsoft into the online-services era which he calls
“A time of great turbulence and potential change in the industry.”
Source: Network World, Page 1, June 23,2008
4

Windows Vista
Greater security, revised user interface
Improved file search
Windows XP
Better hardware/software capabilities
Better wireless networking
Windows 2000
Greater reliability
Better tools for large network administration
Source: Washington Post, Page D-1, Nov 29, 2006
A Windows Vista Premium Ready PC includes at least:
1 GHz 32-bit (x86) or 64-bit (x64) processor.
1 GB of system memory.
40 GB of hard drive capacity with 15 GB free space.
DVD-ROM Drive.
Audio output capability.
Internet access capability
5

What is booting ?
 Process of starting or restarting a computer

Cold boot
Turning computer on after it has been powered off

Warm boot
Restarting computer that is powered on

Ctrl-Alt-Delete

Or Press Reset
Button
Warm boot from Windows desktop
Warm boot from system unit p. 8.04 Fig. 8-2 Next




Using the Task Manager in Windows XP
Press Ctrl-Alt-Delete buttons
Press Task Manager button
From the list, select a task to End or Switch to
You may also Create a New task (under the File tab in the Task Manager window)
6

How does a personal computer boot up?
Step 1.
Power supply sends signal to components in system unit
Step 2.
Processor accesses BIOS to start computer
Step 3.
BIOS runs tests, called the POST, to check components such as mouse, keyboard, and adapter cards
Step 4.
Results of POST are compared with data in CMOS chip
Step 5.
BIOS looks for system files in floppy disk drive and then hard disk
Step 6.
Kernel (core) of operating system loads into RAM
Step 7.
Operating system in memory takes control of computer
Step 8.
Operating system loads configuration information and displays desktop on screen
Step 9.
Operating system executes programs in StartUp folder
Step 10.
Click Start to display list of applications you can run p. 8.05 Fig. 8-4 Next
Next p.8. 4
What is the kernel?
The core of an operating system




Manages memory and devices
Maintains the computers clocks
Starts applications
Assigns the computers resources, such as devices, programs, data, and information
Each time you boot a computer, the kernel and other frequently used operating system instructions are loaded
 Loading a file means the file is copied from the hard disk to the computer's memory
Memory resident
• Remains in memory while the computer is running
• The kernel is memory resident
Nonresident
• Instructions remain on the hard disk until they are needed
• Other parts of the operating system are nonresident
7

Registry
Several files that contain the system configuration information
Registry is constantly accessed during the computer's operation
Regedit Editor
StartUp folder
Next p.8. 5 Fig. 8-4
Contains a list of programs that open automatically when you boot the computer
You may use: MsConfig
Click Start, click Run, Type in MsConfig, click OK,
Click the Startup tab.
Carefully uncheck the programs you do not want to load at system startup time.
Step 7
8

What is a (graphical ) user interface ?


Controls how you enter data and instructions and how information displays on screen
Types: Command-Line, Menu-Driven, GUI command-line interface (DOS) p. 8.08 Fig. 8-6
What is a graphical user interface (GUI) ?
 User interacts with menus and visual images such as icons and buttons
Next p. 8.08 Fig. 8-7 Next
9

What is single user/ multitasking ?
 Working on two or more programs that reside in memory at same time

Foreground contains application you are using
 Background contains programs that are running but are not in use all running processes p. 8.09 Fig. 8-8 multiple programs running
Next
What are other program management features of operating systems?
Enables two or more users to run programs simultaneously
Can support two or more processors running programs at same time
Has duplicate components such as processors, memory, and disk drives
Continues to operate when one of its components fails p. 8.10
Next
10

What is memory management ?


Optimizing use of random access memory (RAM)
With virtual memory (VM) , portion of hard disk is allocated to function as RAM
Step 1.
The operating system transfers the least recently used data and program instructions to disk because memory is needed for other functions.
Step 2.
The operating system transfers data and program instructions from disk to memory when they are needed.
p. 8.10 Fig. 8-9 Next
What are some virtual memory terms?
Next p.8.10
Swap file
The area of the hard disk used for virtual memory
Page (64KB)
The amount of data and program instructions that can swap at a given time
Paging
The technique of swapping items between memory and storage
Thrashing
When an operating system spends much of its time paging, instead of executing application software
11

How does an operating system schedule jobs?
OS tasks to be performed:
The OS adjusts schedule based on a job’s priority
A job is an operation p. 8.11
What is spooling ?
 Sending print jobs to a memory or disk buffer instead of directly to printer
 Print jobs line up in a memory or disk queue
Next p. 8.11 Fig. 8-10 Next
12

What is a device driver ?
With Plug and Play ,,
Also called driver
Next p. 8.12
What is a device driver?
A small program that tells the operating system how to communicate with a device
Also called a driver
Each device on a computer requires its own specific driver device driver
Click to view Web Link then click Device Drivers
Next p.8.11
13

How do you install a device driver?
Step 1.
Open Control
Panel window. Point to
Printers and Other
Hardware link.
Step 2.
Click Printers and
Other Hardware link. Point to Add a printer link.
Step 3.
Click Add a printer link. Follow on-screen instructions.
Step 4.
Add Printer
Wizard searches for
Plug and Play printers on your computer. If it finds any such printers, it installs them.
Step 5.
If Add Printer Wizard cannot find any Plug and
Play printers, you can select type of printer you want to install. An on-screen prompt may ask you to insert floppy disk, CD-ROM or DVD-ROM that contains necessary driver files to complete the installation of printer.
p. 8.12 Fig. 8-11 Next
What is Plug and Play? (PnP)
The computer can recognize a new device an assist you in its installation by loading the necessary drivers automatically and checking for conflicts with other devices (First appeared with Windows 95)
Supported by most devices and operating systems today
Click to view Web Link then click Plug and Play
Next p.8. 13
14

What is an interrupt request ((IRQ)?
A communications line between a device and the processors
Most PCs have at least 16 IRQs for the ISA bus, numbered 0 through 15 and more for the PCI bus
 IRQs are assigned during installation
Next p.8. 13Fig. 8-12
(1)
(2)
Right-click My Computer
Click Manage
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
Click Device Manager
Click View menu
Click Resources by Connection
Click on Interrupt Request (IRQ) to view the IRQ assignments
15

How do you establish an Internet connection?
 Windows XP includes New Connection Wizard

Guides user through setting up connection between computer and Internet p. 8.13 Fig. 8-12 Next
16

How does an operating system monitor performance?
 Provides program, called performance monitor , that assesses and reports information about system resources and devices
 Ctrl-Alt-Del to invoke the
Task Manager
Click Performance tab p. 8.14 Fig. 8-13 Next
What is a network operating system ?
 Allows users to share printer, Internet access, files, and programs on a network
 Administers security by establishing user name and password for each user p. 8.14 Fig. 8-14 Next
17

What is a utility program ?
 System software that performs maintenance-type tasks

Also called a utility

Norton System Works p. 8.15 Fig. 8-15
What is a file manager ? (Windows Explorer)
 Performs functions such as copying, renaming,
 deleting, and moving files
Image viewer displays contents of graphics file when you double click on it
Next p. 8.16 Figs. 8-16–8-17 Next
18

What is an uninstaller program ?
Try a good freeware uninstaller: www.zsoft.dk
if Windows cannot do it p. 8.17
Next
ScanDisk & Disk Cleanup & Disk Defragmenter
 ScanDisk: Detects and corrects
 problems on hard disks or floppy disks. (Windows 98/Me)
Disk Cleanup: Searches for and removes unnecessary files
 Disk Defragmenter puts contiguous sectors together p. 8.17 Fig. 8-18 Next
19

What is a Disk Defragmenter ?
 Reorganizes files and unused space into contiguous sectors on hard disk so programs run faster.
file before defragmenting fragmented disk file after defragmenting p. 8.17 Fig. 8-19



Diskeeper:
Set it and forget it defrag scheduling
Visit: http://www.diskeeper.com
Next
20

What is a diagnostic utility ?


Compiles technical information about hardware and some software
Prepares report outlining potential system problems


Example: Dr. Watson
Located under Accessories,
System Tools, System Information,
Tools p. 8.18 Fig. 8-20 Next
What is a backup utility ?
 Copies selected files or entire hard disk onto another storage medium


Most compress files during backup to require less storage space
Look in System Tools in
Windows XP p. 415 Fig. 8-20 Next
21

What is a file compression utility ?







Shrinks size of files to free up room and improve performance
Compressed files are sometimes called zipped files
Two popular utilities:
PKZIP
TM and WinZip
®
Visit www.WinZip.com
Visit www.pkware.com
Another one:
Gzip (.tgz file extension)
Visit: http://www.gzip.org/ p. 8.29 Fig. 8-39 Next
What is a screen saver ? (not needed for LCDs)
 Causes monitor’s screen to display moving image or blank screen if there is no activity for a specified time. Prevents ghosting or burn-in on back of phosphor screen
 To secure computer;
The user configures screen saver to require password to deactivate the screen saver.
p. 8.18 Fig. 8-22 Next
22

Characteristics of operating systems software p. 8.19
Devicedependent
Runs only on specific type of computer
Proprietary software
Privately owned and limited to specific vendor or computer model
Downward compatible
Works with application software written for earlier version of operating system
Upward compatible
Runs on new versions of operating system
Deviceindependent
Runs on many manufacturers’ computers
Next
What are three categories of operating systems?
Embedded Network
Stand Alone p. 8.19
Next
23

What are three categories of operating systems?
 Network
 Embedded
 Stand alone
Others not on slide:
Windows XP with SP2
Next
Windows Server 2003
Windows Server 2008 p.8.17 Fig. 8-18
What is DOS (Disk Operating System) ?
[ MS-DOS (Microsoft) and PC-DOS (for IBM) ]
All opperating systems are based on UNIX
Used command line p. 8.20
Next
24

What is DOS (Disk Operating System)?
Refers to several single user operating systems developed in the early 1980s for personal computers
Two more widely used versions were PC-DOS and MS-DOS, both developed by Microsoft
 Used a command line interface and added a menudriven interface in later versions
Next p.8.17
p. 417 Fig. 8-23
Windows Version Year Released
Windows 3.x
Windows NT 3.1
1990
1993
Windows 95 1995
Windows NT Workstation 4.0
1996
Windows 98 1998
Windows Millennium Edition 2000
Windows 2000 Professional 2000
Windows XP 2001
Windows XP SP2
Windows Vista
2004
2007
25

What is Windows XP ?
 Microsoft’s fastest, most reliable Windows operating system before Vista
 5 Editions:
Home Edition,
Professional Edition,
Tablet PC Edition,
Media Center Edition,
64-bit Edition (does not work with 32-bit drivers) p. 417 Fig. 8-24 Next
Features of most Windows operating systems
Next p.8.18
Active
Desktop™ Taskbar/toolbars
Registry
Checker
Windows
Explorer has a
Web browser look and feel
Universal
Serial Bus
2.0
increased speed
FAT32 or
NTFS,
Win FS
Tune-Up Wizard
Accessibility Settings
Wizard
Hardware support
Multiple display support
26

Next p.8.18
What are features of Windows 98?
It is an upgrade from Windows 95
More integrated with the Internet
Included Internet Explorer, a popular
Web browser
A file manager, Windows Explorer, had a Web browser look and feel
An Active Desktop ™ interface allowing icons and file names to work similar to Web links
Support for multimedia technologies such as DVD and Web
TV ™
Supported the
Universal Serial
Bus (USB)
What is Windows
Me ?
An operating system that has features specifically for the home users
Also called Windows
Me
Included multimedia features; Win Me is an upgrade to Win 98
Next p.8.20 Fig. 8-21
27

What is Windows 2000 Professional?
Upgrade to the
Windows NT 4.0
Workstation operating system
Complete multitasking client operating system that has a GUI
NT 5.0 is really
Server 2003
Click to view video
Next p.8.18 Fig. 8-19
What are some features of Windows XP?
Windows XP Features
New Appearance and Performance
Network/user Administration
Help and Support
Communications and the Web
Firewall setup software p. 8.21
Next
28











Minimize a window: Windows key + M key
Minimize all windows: Windows key + D key
Maximize a window: Alt + Space + x
Minimize a window: Alt + Space + n
Bookmark a Help topic: Shift + F10 keys
Display the Start menu: Ctrl + Esc keys
Close a number of open windows: Alt + F4
Windows Security: Ctrl + Alt + Del
Change passwords (on a networked PC):
Ctrl – Alt – Esc & Click “Change Password” tab
Task Manager: Shift + Ctrl + Esc
In Windows XP, click Start, Settings, Control Panel
Click Tools, Folder Options and click the File Types tab.
Below Registered File Types, you will see a long list of extensions like XLS and ZIP (at the end of the list)
A file extension tells Windows what type of file it is.
Scroll down the list and find the extension for the file type you want to open with a different application.
In the lower half of the Window, you will see the name and icon of the associated application for the file type.
29

What is Windows Vista ?
 Successor to Windows XP, containing a new interface and new / enhanced features


Available in 8 editions, grouped into Home and Business categories http://www.hiptechblog.co
m/2006/02/20/its-official-
8-different-flavors-ofwindows-vista/ p. 419 Fig. 8-26 Next
What are some features of Windows Vista?
Windows Vista Features
Reliability and Performance
Security
Information Management
Appearance and Navigation
Communications and the Internet p. 419 Next
30






Windows Server 2003, Small Business Server for businesses with less than 75 users.
Windows Server 2003, Standard Edition for small-tomedium-sized business networks.
Windows Server 2003, Enterprise Edition for medium and large sized business networks with e-commerce applications.
Windows Server 2003, Datacenter Edition for businesses with huge volumes of transactions and large-scale databases.
Windows Server 2003, Web Services Edition for Web server and Web hosting businesses.
Faster and more secure !
Released: Last week of February 2008
For more information, visit: http://www.microsoft.com/windowsserver/longhorn/ev aluation/b2faq.mspx
31

What is Mac OS X ? (Mac OS X Leopard)
 Available only for computers manufactured by Apple
 Macintosh operating system has been a model for most GUIs http://www.apple.com/macosx/leopard/
Next p. 8.22 Fig. 8-28
What is UNIX ?


Used by power users because of its flexibility and power
Most versions offer GUI
 Both a stand-alone and a network operating system p. 8.23 Fig. 8-30 Next
32






Developed in early 1970’s by AT&T’s Bell Labs
Several versions of UNIX exist, each slightly different.
Some versions have a command-line interface, but most offer a GUI.
UNIX runs on all types of computers.
UNIX is the basis for ALL operating systems
Visit: http://www.engr.ucr.edu/systems/unix.html
33

What is Linux ?
 Popular, free, multitasking UNIX-type operating system


Open-source software e
— code is available to public
Both a stand-alone and a network operating system
Red Hat provides a version of Linux called Red Hat
Linux. The GNOME graphical user interface is shown in this example.
Next p. 8.24 Fig. 8-31
http://www.redhat.com/docs/manuals/linux/RHL-9-
Manual/getting-started-guide/
34

What is Embedded Linux?
 Scaled-down Linux operating system designed for PDAs, smart phones, smart watches, set-top boxes,
Internet telephones, and other devices
 Offers many PIM functions
 PIM

Personal Information Mgt
 http://www.linuxdevices.com/ p. 425 Fig. 8-34 Next
What is Ubuntu Linux?


 www.ubuntu.com
(from South Africa)
“oo -boontu” means “humanity toward others” in South Africa’s Zulu an Xhosa languages)


A few features:
 No charge to install or update it.
 Focus on simplicity
Cannot run Windows programs
Recognizes most external devices
(such as USB flash drives) p. 425 Fig. 8-34 Next
35






Some versions of Linux are command-line
Some versions are GUI interfaces
Commercial: Red Hat Linux software
The two most popular GUIs for Linux are:
GNOME and KDE (Keyboard Desktop
Environment)
Motorola Corp has created mobile phones running the Linux operating system


Linux is network-friendly: It is capable of acting as client and/or server to any of the popular operating systems in use today. It is quite capable of being used as an OS by Internet Service Providers (ISPs)
Linux is a multi-user system which has advantages even for an OS where only one or two people will be using it.
36



Linux is Open Source: that means that for the entire base system, which includes the kernel, the GNU tools, and all the basic utilities. Programmers and users have access to the source code as well as the right to modify it.
Linux is Backwards-Compatible: has superb support for older hardware. In fact, it is often easier to find hardware support for 80486-era hardware than the latest gizmos to hit the market.
This is because the device driver software authors need time to write and test the drivers.
Visit: http://www.linuxdevcenter.com/linux/cmd/
37

The Microsoft Corporation began development of the Interface
Manager (later named Microsoft Windows) in the fall of 1981
Windows 1.0 was finally released to the market in 1985, promising users an easy-to-use graphical interface for consumers.
Several others versions of Windows have been produced


2.0, 3.1, 3.11, 95, 98, ME – DOS Based (Layered-Based)
NT, 2000, XP, 2003, Project Longhorn
(Kernel-Based)
– NT Technology
38

User-Friendly
Generally Stable


Windows 2000/XP are considered to be extremely stable and rarely crash.
Home users can navigate Windows without fear of losing their work because they forgot to save.
Hardware Support
 No lack of shortage in hardware support. It is very difficult to think of any hardware that is not supported in some way by Windows.
Software Support
 Once again, there is an abundance of high-quality software designed specifically for Windows.
You don’t have to work hard to find what you are looking for.
Windows Update
 If connected to an internet through an ISP, updates and patches are available to download while you work. Just click ‘yes’, and Windows updates itself with latest from Microsoft.
Widely Used Among Consumers
 Facilitates communication between users.

If everyone is using the same operating system, everyone has a general idea as to what the other individual is trying to communicate.
 Mobility is not an issue.

Can take a file from one computer to another, and generally won’t have to worry if that second computer is running Windows or not.
Software
 While there may be an abundance of high-powered software designed for Windows, they are rather expensive.
 One must install separate software onto Windows for it to have any functionality. Windows without accompanying software is just a “Naked System”
Re-booting


Part of the reason for the long installation
Windows needs to be rebooted to change minor settings like its IP address, hardware drivers, software, or swapfile size or any number of similar system settings
File System


Operating Systems running under different file systems may or may not be able to view and access files in a certain file system.
FAT16, FAT32, NTFS
Graphical User Interface (GUI)
 GUI-only environment hinders the functionality of the operating system code.


If some sort of functionality hasn't been coded explicitly by the author of a program, then this functionality is simply not available.
If you can’t click it, you can’t do it.
Viruses


Vast majority of known viruses are for Windows ONLY
Grave security holes in Microsoft Outlook and Explorer
Length of Installation


Can take up to a couple hours to fully install just the Operating System
Multiple Disks or separate drivers are required to install the OS
39

Linux is a kernel-based operating system
 Meaning that the operating system runs within itself. The program does not need to ‘piggy back’ from another program to run.
Originally created by Linus Torvalds of Finland in 1991 with the assistance of developers around the world.
Developed under the GNU General Public License, the source code for Linux is freely available to everyone.
 Since the source code is available to anyone, there is no current official
Linux version as with Windows. There are simply many different versions, called Linux Distributions, that are aimed towards different target groups.
 Each distribution differentiates itself from one another through their packaged software and their hardware platform.
Ease of Installation
Security
 Local Security

 Many users can use the same PC, one of which controls everything with administrative powers
Remote Security

Very difficult to hack into a Linux system from an outside source (Internet, Network)
File Systems


Can handle a variety of different file systems
Perfectly handles reading and writing of Windows FAT32 partitions and it can read NTFS partitions
(Windows XP default)

Can access, but not modify any files located on any Windows partition
Multi-User Platform
Customization
 Very important for businesses. Since Linux is an open source program. Anyone can make changes to the operating system to make it match their needs.
Server/Clients
 Linux is perfectly integrated to the internet and includes everything needed.
 Servers
FTP Server: Pureftp, Proftp

Mail Server: Sendmail, Postfix
Web Server: Apache
Clients
FTP Clients: gftp, lftp
Chat Clients: Kopete, Licq, Psi
E-mail Clients: Kmail, Evolution
40

Time-Intensive
 A user accustomed to Windows can at first be a bit disoriented since the whole structure of the system is different.


Learning all the details about how a Linux system functions will take time and patience
Noone should expect be able to harness the full power of Linux within the first few minutes of playing around with the operating system
Hardware Support
 Although it runs on a variety of different hardware architectures, support for bleeding edge hardware can be problematic or its configuration tricky
Software/Games



Very few major commercial games available for Linux
Most software found in stores is designed for Windows only

Additional software can be problematic to install due to the variety of distributions of Linux.
One piece of software that is installed on one computer may or may not be compatible with another computer running a different distribution.
What are examples of network operating systems?
Upgrade to
Windows 2000
 Version of UNIX
 Specifically for e commerce
Next p. 8.25
41

What is an embedded operating system ?


Found on most mobile computers, PDAs, and other small computers.
Examples:





Windows CE .NET
Windows Mobile 2006
Palm OS (for PDAs & smart phones)
Embedded Linux (small Linux OS for PDAs)
Symbian OS (open source multitasking OS) p. 8.26 Fig. 8-32 Next
What is an embedded operating system ?



Found on most mobile computers, PDAs, and other small devices
Windows CE .NET
is scaled-down version of
Windows http://msdn.microsoft.com/embed ded/prevver/ce.net/default.aspx
p. 8.26 Fig. 8-32 Next
42

What are two operating systems for PDAs?
 Windows Mobile 2006 for the Pocket PC http://www.microsoft.com/windowsmobile/default.mspx


Palm OS for Palm Treo, Visor, and Sony CLie http://www.palm.com/us/ p. 8.27 Figs. 8-33–8-34
What is Symbian OS ?
http://www.symbian.com/


Open-source, multitasking operating system designed for smart phones
Make telephone calls, save appointments, browse Web, send and receive e-mail and faxes, and more
Next p. 8.27 Fig. 8-35 Next
43

What is a virus ?
 Potentially damaging computer program
 Affects computer without user’s knowledge
Next p. 8.28 Fig. 8-36
What is an antivirus program ? (Symantec, McAfee)


Identifies and removes viruses in memory, storage media, and incoming files
Must be updated frequently (weekly!) p. 8.28 Fig. 8-37 Next
44

What is a personal firewall ?
 Protects personal computer from unauthorized intrusions
 Monitors all transmissions to and from computer
Next p. 8.29 Fig. 8-38
What is a personal firewall ?



Program that protects personal computer and its data from unauthorized intrusions
Monitors transmissions to and from computer
Informs you of attempted intrusion
PERSONAL FIREWALL SOFTWARE p. 11.09 Fig. 11-8 Next
45


 http://www.zonelabs.com/store/content/company/pr oducts/znalm/freeDownload.jsp
Windows XP comes with a built-in firewall, but it is turned on by default.
To find out how to turn it on, visit: www.microsoft.com/security/protect
 The Windows XP firewall software works only
“one way” which means it blocks only suspicious activity aimed at your computer and not coming from your computer.
What is spyware?


Program placed on a computer without the user’s knowledge that secretly collects information about the user
Often enters a computer as a result of a user installing a new program


A spyware remover is a program that detects and deletes spyware. Adware can also be a problem:
Visit: http://www.lavasoftusa.com
p. 426 Next
46

What are internet filters?


Programs that remove or block certain items from being displayed (Anti-Spam, Web Filters, Pop-up
Blockers) http://www.stopzilla.com/download/download_select.aspx?AID=1
0004&S=&type=DOWNLOAD&topic=&source=&AAID=&dre=&c id=pop%20up%20software p. 426 - 427
Anti-Spam
Programs
Web
Filters
Pop-up
Blockers
Next
Visit: http://update.microsoft.com/windowsupdate/v6/default
.aspx?ln=en-us
47

What is CD/DVD burning software ?


Writes text, graphics, audio, and video files to a recordable or rewriteable CD or DVD http://www.roxio.com/enu/default.html?source=G2 p. 428 Fig. 8-38
What is CD/DVD burning software ?


Writes text, graphics, audio, and video files to a recordable or rewriteable CD or DVD http://www.nero.com/enu/index.html
Next p. 428 Fig. 8-39 Next
48

Copying songs from CD to computer
49

Windows Vista 2007 Media Player 11
50