1
Environmental Sciences
AT THE UNIVERSITY OF VIRGINIA
20°7-2008 ANNUAL REPORT
I
Letter from the Chair
T
h..... i' no
hef", mc.",rr "f. dtp.rtIn<"O'"
Ol,,:..-n. ,han ," .I>ol"f ,...
am .."! a nd ,,,U,n lh.. h' ~l""'l""hf}' fa<uhy. h .............. "I 'lUI ....,.
Wlth III" 24 t<nur..•••.Kk b,;ulry and 10 ........n:h "~I"'" our fawhy' ,
rc<"rd of . ~hi <v .mn" .. c ~"<'f'Iional.
Thi' Y"'. Jin, Galloway wa. ont of IW., toeim" ... ,hAring r.... Tykr Pn"',
ro"'id....rd.he N,,,,,",'l'ri,,, " f tho
l ..-.m<n. Jun WI' . 1".
d ...... d ,hi, y.ar ••• I,ll,,,,· "f ,he! Amrn.;:.n GtopI>rw<al Union and, ltk.
h" .."II.ajl;U<" J.Kk C",.hy. ~ Homh<-rgc. , 8,11 RudJ,nun. an d Ha nk
ShulI"lt.lu. \>n,n dnig"'llnl. hitthly ci'N
rchn' by m. In.mutt f""
S<im.iti.: lnf<>rnufi"fI. Hillhly ci,n1 ......."' ...-{M HO ""... frn&......,t1 y
"tN,n ,...." fiorld--<:ompn~ b . ,h.n ,-. If "f .... prt<m' of .11
rny"'''''.........
puN"hm, 0<:""""'''.
,Iu,
'T'hc h'llh .und..ard.
cuffftlll"'-'U1rr RUm,.,n "", kr 1M ~nm..."
anra<ll'" 10 t n.ou",,', be<,( m';roru"...".1 ..:ioml~" ~"kr Paul', ."o,M,
hitth l~ ,ilN
n;...... ;O;nord dlr ro ok> of our "",,'or f,.,;ulry ,Junn K.he
lOO7-lOOll..,.dnru< roar. An <mmen' . q...... ic: ....~ ol< ~ .., M ,~e w,ll "' ~ ...
he ptnnl,.... !be G. Evelyn lI u", hi........ Aw ~rd f",m Amt1"ic~n So,:in)' "I
IJm", "''!tr .nd O':"~ ""lI""ph y .
At the
II....., the de",rtmeflt ....,UIlIIC5 til ~ d d YffiJllj\ ""ionu ..
with ,
nd,,""
.1•. TI". yU', l.. u .~ Moor. , • • pn.;.li" in m
1
!ll"'
ol<'!O", . nd M. n Reodrnn..:h. a hyd",l"gi>l, eh"", to I>uild ,heir
ca
U.V• .
In .Jd,t~ ... to . he" ind,vldu.1 . eh v. .......... h,vlllj\ a
fa<ulry
oI.hn "u.llly h.. nlA l>lrJ U. ", m
n ~ ",nro "I un u,ually Ionj\-'erm
'ndude ,he Sh.n.nJ".h Wa'e" hrd S'udy .nd , h.. Virginia
in" "' ''......
Ctu..c R""'....r l."nll-T or", F"' ~''I\i •• 1R.......,,·h ";t... Th.. d~l' ,. ,u
hAv..
"""" .,... ",I>IrJ ~. r;l n ,,/ thr ... rm,""'......."tondlllj\ I>a<k ..v.....1 dc<:ad.M-­
pr"v,de an lIlvalu.hle ha",l lIle ,n . he .If"n ", unJen,.nd ,he .,"'''''IucrK.....
of .1,,,,... ,h."J«'.
In .h"n, , hr l>" r . n mr m ,,/ l'.nvlfOmm..n•• 1s,,:i<nc.... h.a. built one 01the
fm..",,,,. r " 'I:.. n" "f it' ~ i n d in tM na tion. With lunhe. fund,nll. from !be
d.!"'n",.nt'. 'u rr"'''rn, w.. r l. n to build "n thC'w ..rC'Rf)
rnla'Wng our
fACul,y and (ti..,ng ""h.·y m. ~M"I , h.. n ~~ •• nd , hr ,nl"n".,,, '" aJdrno.
th...n'ifOfln'....ul eh.U..nll"" th.t ......ron ....
_0.
".1*
h.o,
JAY ZIEMAN. 0""
.h.o.
Galloway Wins Tyler Award
This ha s been quite a VNf fOf jim Galloway. He was elec ted a ' !'Ilow of the American
Geophysical Union, joined the select company of environmental sctenusts and
conservationists who hiNe won th e Tyler Prize, ilnd published Iwo a rticles in
!Kienee, ene as lead authol . These accolades point not only to the quaUly of his
wort. but also to Ihe urgency of finding better ways to manage leadiYf' nnrcjen .
~"""""
Ih'<>udl'M ...";ronmenl. a p/>rnomrnon I>t and
hi. roIk.K
ull'M "ni"og... """,.d<."
Foos.il. f I,.ro ,h~
new """,re, of ,n,:.""
mftOg<'n. R~",.. i.~ ml'~ rh•• had p'",,"'u.lr ho:orn
..q......'~ ..d und<'lt,"und on 10m< 1....,,1 f..... l. i. I>ting
..Io......f in'" oM a.~ II an ;n~.' ..,inK ."~. al<"'K
",,,h rra<tl"~ mttugrn Ie>rmrd f"'m n""'lIC".nd o.~
ll"' dunnK 'heir rombu.",,,,.
Tho:- ""'ond """... i, 'rn,hn;'; kml...... In 1908.
hi.. H.......' •• Co.-nnan ~Mmi ... dl~ a war ,,,
up .h~ .Ime"ph~..·, va" rncrv<>Ir of nllfO\l<'n p'
.nd con.~n ",n", rompound. plan.. can u",. n...
",,,,,,,"'ion. call<d'M Ib hcT- Bu...:h P""'~'" p,nd""n
.mmon II>t •• w mo•.,.;.1 for ",.k,nK n'lrl'l\""
/mill
Tnclar .... "" 'hln • ,hi,d of 1M ...."rld·,
"''flu I.""" <kprn.d. ,>II .yn.hei'" krul..... Ie" II>.
fond" n_.nd 110.... we",. Nobd Pnu Ie" 'ho
.II"'.......,.. Th, p.ohlrm i. Ihlf ,hi. knili.... ;. "01 13k,,,
up ",..,. rtticirndy. MOiIT of .1>. /mllize' .pplinl '"
""I'" uhlln.rolr leah m'n 1M .....ltnnmenl. n,., lam<
;. """ 1<" ""'31. M<><f of 1M n",,'1'1'" frd 10 ammol,
p"<rs "''''''d1.nd i. "or inco,po'r<"N on",.1>. .n,mol
prucl....n "'" nl.
Ilt'hrn )"U\l'r~ a .1I.l><li" ro,,,,,, "'lIA' in you.
hlood ...... m ~ircull". Ih,~ you. hody. damlRinK
fi",
..............ond_-...._..
IIoT....
_
"" (".~.,.,.." ... "'Iloo ... =",­
Standing under the Nitrogen Cascade
l"'II'OllftI .. til< .... ,...,th
~kmtm
in tho pmodi< lahl<
and ,hot "'"... hund3m al'M 6.... ~Itmnl" ,h., ..~
na;:",... ry 1...- Iif~. Tnr f'<KC"ugt! of ..... <fL"" n",,~n.
1M form "f 1I1lr<'lC"' u... l>lo by rnool ",,",ni,m., i.
'lUll' ,n,.II, h"............ 300. un'il re<rntly. f."ly .ul>k.
L,jl.h.mng:u>d n""'lt<"'-h.m(l; h"tt,i•• dd l<' our .upply
nllT<JK<n,' 1""""" ,hal i. off," by n.lur.l
dmllnlic.,ion p""'.........
0"... 1M p." hundU'd ~nn, humon "'.........",,'" h...
u""""h" ""I.n<;~. P"'f"'..... JIm G.llow.r ho. domlN
Ihlft ,k.:.d", '0 n;King 'Ulhro",~...;'; nitrogen •• "
"',.;><fl_.
,
----­
I
Jim Galloway on Being a Tyler Prlze Winner
a nd Developing a Nitrogen Strategy
Q. l yle< Prilo "'; nr>«S include ~ lik< Anne
organs 18 a ""My oll'"n";o". "' ''y'. f.x= . mO'""
n"rogm in ,ht rn",,,,nIllC'1l1 ",,,,h In much .ht .."",
"'''y. It incr=.... "' In..I, in ,he I"w.r .,"".. pb<....
~.,,-<.i"ll ....po•• •.,.,. .11
nd ,~ ""i nl\ "op yi.t.J •.
II i. f'tt"ntc."<llo land ,n d.e I<>.m o f pr",;plla,i"" ,h.,
• c;Jifi", ."'I•• I"k.....nd "tttm.. II l",n. 'hr ....c" .....
ni,,,,,,,,, lrom . 1I'",ultur . 1 ruool1 .nd "'''''''1\< ••"
"",k... i" ", ay 10 Ihr co....1""".n.. uclll"ll.I~
blue_, 'ha' J d "'.~ fi. h.,i". A. a final """I,••",... nic
cun""n«l to mlro". n xiJ<." loor..Ia"JII'!i:
,,"
srrmho.", p, and a dr>"tly..r "I "'''.... ,n Iht "l'J'rr
a'''''''f'hrrt.
G"Utlw.y.nd h.. rollo:-.II..... h• •• ,,,,,.nlly h<cn
!r a,'mll Iht economic "an.p"n .oj mel"" n,""11"".
wh"'h p.."Ud, i" n..,rnnlllC'1l,. 1 " an. port .nJ
U"",<rha'.. ' " rff",,,. ~lnc, ,ht ...J""n' of Puhahu'"m.
aI,ouI 2S pr rc......, tlf thr "'.........., llotTOKMI prooIKw
..ach yur .. invol . <d 18 n:onomic rr. n>pOl"l . A l)'pic.1
' ><amp": loml"..r man ula'"lurro In ' hr .' l,ddl. Ex....
....,r to Eurn pr. "'hr", " .. " .... J to (UO'" Wam ....·h",h ..
""'r '" Ilr",il fU fn-J pitt'- whic·h .... ,hon upo,ru-d '"
..... N.d ...,L1nJ" fO h< .u"I(h'"ro .nJ p"",.. ><J 18'0
h.m. A, .ach ...p of tho "''''', ru<·,i •• ni"''K"n ... k­
in'" th• • n"",nmnu in II"OOft <"un<.u,ra,ro.n,""n"
,h.n a</"o'ic ,>I a'""",~ ".,,"""'.
F",m th. I""nt of .-;,..,.. of n""
"",nol\<'lIIC'1l'.
r
lalll.I,"'. liud rfln....,
hn. d.e btmfi,
"I
'''11 a. ' " '11''' In' ch a"l\<. -A. you Iolluw , he
01 ni"og<n ,h",,,1(h ,hr pply du'n."
Galluway ••..-n• • "'hr I",in" w h
imMVrnrion """,t.J
h< ......, rfke""" hoc""", in.;••• , ,,,gly d ... t. Th'l'
pru"i<!<.... n,or. pi....., j, ,, aJJ..... ing th< pro l>lrm ."
.......<m<fl,
and Paul EMich. lane Gooclal~ G<orp s.:h al~,.
C. Ever." Koop . Thom•• l llYf'it>ol• • nd la,«I
Diamond. Did you ~ thin ~ yoou would flrod
yoou.... lr In lh. l, (0"'p.n1?
A. I hood h•• rdlhalI
~ a d b«on no", inaled Iu<!he
pri.>o, bu,1 hon..111 n~ lh""ghl "' LK~ .bou'
M~."W I dldn' t~ink winnins tn~ TyI<l .... .
...... _<lyposSibl<_ Thola uroat... ~ P"OP"
I hold in lh. hith«t reprd. n Is trul1 ~ um bl ln ll o
b< IMIud«l m1IIaI ( ommunif¥'.
Q. 10ur sha.. of the pri.. 1s $ 100.000, Ooyoou
..... . ~ia l pl.n .
",~
IQf ~ ?
A. I'", loinl to u, .ll lo h. lp d<Y<fop. nitfOllOfl
foo!Pfin, <.ku latot. wltl<:h r.n b< "....rulln
• nurnb« oI -..ys. II'In h.lp ~ I< briI..
unO<marod lhei< m..lio<l.hip 10 ,h . ...... ""''''"'''
.rod rna•• briI.. <hok. . .boul t ~ . i , Individ u.1
,""",n~ lOW. And N c.n pmvid. polic1 m.....
witn the informoMi(In lI><y n««llo "'anap
niu<>I. n uw on. La,... se.lo.
Q. 10u ...~~ tho f""ndi"l ch,1if 01!he IMl'ffIaUonal
NitrOll. n Inlli. l.... (INI), Whatw" vou' purpose
m
bH.hing 111
<10 b<tt~r und...tand III< flow 01
nilrol'" _~dwitl< '" that pollcVma'." (ould
lnlI~ II more <If«,""""v w. builll ht- INI
a"",rod rqionaI c...t... b<c.uw 'Nt- rKo s ni,<d
th. ' ono a'll«l 01111< rnl<.manal"""" 01
A. Our
",.,111.
n llros . n I.
d iSlribu1<rl in.Wkl<nllv,
Th. ..
S1i11parts 01 !he world th,1f n«rl
or.
add itional nitrOll'" to SUPl'O'! tt><;r popularion.
Q. Howa.. you f... lln• • bou'lh.Iul"..?
A. rm O\>1imlstit. I a'" ton," n<<<I lh,11iuSl ..
hum.n inl<Dulf¥' I ..... uS lho .bilityto ".alo
.mmonl. from l!< <I<m... t. in 1908 , thi.... 01<
inp""if¥' .... pnMtlt u' with rn«hanls"'. to
manap nitfOl.... much """" ri!id... Uv. ...il h(>Ul
d« ....inl (>U' .b111fy to pn>duc< food.
_ _ <onUInodinln..............""_W_IJ1Tg
*"
N).llIlI"...,t'lTg Nl. .",HCI_'IO"l,N, DMa_to<
_ _ in """. G I _ of 'on~ Mon........ " " , , - fa<
• ...., a_"0 so.ooo
N, :0.000 """ N. _ '0.000-.
N f o < _. . - _ ....... _l!ftIy,
,00»
•
Research Integration
The world lhal seems so familiar and so nalufalto us actually reflects
the interplay 01 biological, geological, and atmospheric forcl's Iha t act
at a variety of scales-of time , space. and amplitude. Understanding all
thl! factors that ccnutbute to our familial world and that determine whether
it willchange 01 ~ain as _ have always known It requires the ability to
share information and ideas.
Durtn,tl ..... 11!'1'1". P""o, w" ,kod ",ith grouP' 01
"'hCT ",f,""'a",,,' n... n.I\~" , 10., <l<v,....J ,.... i",. ;" 1
opr<:,fi.;;.""m 1m . ",~.. oio
nda,d foe- mVLnMlmn>·
,.1 "udio•. Th... "' ..... ul"" ,oly.s.:-.-.,Iopc-d in'o rI><
F" ol"t:","1 ,\ in-ad.,.I..aI'Ku.!t< IF_ MI.) In 1001. All
l TEll. . il...... no,... ,n ,he J'<"""'" of <onv~ n, ng ,10m
""lad"la
EM L. . n """""'>WI u_k.
h" .....,."'
h.,-inl ,........ k",d. of "",I... ,h~,r
d"J'<.... 1un ~ ;
M.ly pow« lul. h o'" , n~ IT Ht
lb •• C.., .. ~
can pin!,,"nl ,...,....·10 p,,~ .
"''' ,n.., ,..""pkmn>' ' h<-ir uwn. ~ Fur .u", pl~. y, """
l"uI. da
ho.>u'" '1'""1.. "I in'~ ....'
,ul "od
loy o,hor ,
hor,. in di
and d"unt n..l>""I..•
I'ottn J'<"n" ou1. "And ,,"' ~ou lind ,.... oio,....... you
un " ""ra"''' w,,11 y'.... r own .it.., ..lIow,ng yo" <u
'OS" .... gonn-.ltly "f you, ,,_·I""iI.... Of '0 lonnul..l.
IJ<"W , 11 ~..,i..". - C...... n'ly. ,...."' ...... 6.04.5lTE ll. oio,..
"''' onlt"... .nd , 10. n"mhot- " VOW,,,,," Wtt kly.
Thr niSI........"I tho F_l\-lI. pl"I•...." ltiv.. infonn",on
"'an.I':"" lik. Port
"I id Nt... f.., wnllnt: pml\'.""
,h., f." It...... da
n..lr"'. fo< "'"......... l'o"~, h...
w,inm .. pnw..m th"t . u........ ,.,:.lIy 1\0'''''.1'' EM!.
"",.. Ifum. (I;lVC11
nd
11 ,nto a
...." ..;.;;.1 pnw.m
,.n be
u....J I>y
Ilor.. H. h• •
'0
rc"""
..._ ..._.<Iol......
-_._-0<0l0gl<M-..~
~_
......
Sharing Information
(>au " ,.... f....h ,n'.. k " f ":im'ific .Ii"""....". \\'hom
~" ...npliTlJ(
'" undc..... And wmpln nt..tonmn,,~1
•y"cm., rhe 1111'' ' d ~u "''''nu,",' II• ..., .. hand ."oJ
tl>< mu re ...'" ....·c. ,0/ .LI,a 'hc1' .....< •••;lIblt,
f.lr-tc3Chinlt ,IM-i. cond""""o •• n hr.
~ or the I.", twu J.,,;
R....."'h A""" u t. Prot.....
,h. "'",.
...r J. oIIo ron
dtd".. a,C'<llo> ","naging lilt
dlt. I(.iIllxrrd by ..:i ";,,. ,..n, k",g.n ,n.- Vi'l':ini"
(~,,,. R...,rw lo.. g - T~nn E" " I"" i". IIt....,.. , 1o (VCR.
l.n 11.1.il~ ... 11...1 it " .,,,,.,,, ~ I. (t, .~hor ,.....,,"'10·
on. A k~· ,,, ,10" d iu ... i' findin,tl I ",,,,,,,,on 1,,"JIu,1':"
'0 dr••:,,~ ",~..d,u. ,Io~ ~d"• • ho.MJ' d ~ .....
• """'....1>0, n...d. ,,, undr "nd and 0 , .it..
~,,,,,.od hy a",~hn- ,,:i<n,i
~ W.Ioa •• R", rod a"
,''',,",,,", ."'''''''. rtf d
"' rI>< "''''on n'..
P"n~ ' ",y'. "A.;"..... In
ado.. i ,~...... , Itkoh·
hood "f "'" m.kin,tl
I>o.' J'< hk u'" and ......'" "I
,10" ",It"",.""n.­
•
'lu' ,.. ..'
d",. "" .. ".,,,1.,...
,h"
..I... ,
mi
W~h
I"nn. ,h.,
"""'."'h~" can u",
..n
'0 ,na'~
'-'Ml , d,,, ,,,,,...,,,. "H.villlt
E ~ I L ",. k~.
off"",
p<",ihl~," Po ,,~,
I. k~
Ih..
"'"... ~It
'0 ""
.n.hl.. d,,'a
,n"od ..nd
,......ydod in ,"'ay, II..., ........, ,ho
l" u nrial
10."" "'irtI«.
h..-l' tho ""110 foe- now W'r_
lU . ~-n , hnit.c ........ "'10 and
...wd,.......~.,...·
'0 ......
f".
Sharing Ideas
Tht <!~<!i"a,iun uf ,he Anheu".-r-Bu><:h c.-..."al R<soueh
l.en'er (AKCltq m llKlh mark..d the hel\Lnmng "f a
new era for the Virginia Coa" Re""rv~ It,,,g-T~nn
hull,!:,'al Re><.",h IVCR-!.TERI prow.m. \l;r"h '"
W<'t and dry I.hora''''i..... ,he S2.5 million fa"ility g.ve
VCR-!.TIR ",i<n,i." a wdl-<,<!uipped baso {or <xt<nd..d
reso.reh, <nahllng 'hem, I", In".""e, '0 an.IF"
<ample. on .it~ .nd '<fum to ,h~ lidd ,he n~x' d.y wi,h
fft'>h in,igh".
Whik 'he ABCRC has Indeed <n.h led ' ..... rehe"
u, illl....... mo,.., efli,ie",ly wi,h ,h.. na,u,,1 wmld, i'
Ius al"" mad<" much <a".. for 'hem'" m'erae, more
effi.:i<ntly with •.1"h oth... "One way of I""king ar the
,"."'e' i' ,ha' i' i. a wa y "r ""nn"'l,ng people m prnduc­
'ive way,," saY' I'rnl",,, ,, [Jav. \mlth, the okpartmen'"
a",,,,iale ,·hair.
Smi'h ei,« 'he example "I 'he annu.1 VCIt-tTIR
AII·Scient'sts M..,tmg, which had l>e<n ho<,ed hy 'he
depd.nmetll ~ach y..,,, ilt Charl"It«vil1e. In 2008, i'
wa, hdd Jl ,he AIII::Rl~ a m",. app"'p"ate ",,,mg.
kimti." .Iso tak~ ad.amage of 'he ,ditive ....du·
,,,,n ,ha ' ,he ,"<n'er proviJ", l<' wn'. 1''''1''",,1, anJ
P'pe" '0ltether. "Th. ABCII.C i,. ""n,f""ahl~ 1'1..-"
for ......a"'h<1, lU work altd m«" ~ no'.... R.soa",h
A,,'''an' P",f.,."" Art <o.:hw,,,,,,.:hild, ' he AIICRC ,lte
di"",IO'. "It" dose to tlleir fitlJ ,i,e••nd br from ,he
dima...io'" o/,heir ""lIeg. eampusos. ~
Th. AKCRC has also p",ven the ,deal ...",nlt for
f,,'Iting COI1n«:t;on, wi,h ,h. 'um'unding .-nmmuni,y.
It made i' 1">",l>le fu r ' he VCR-ITER, m ""'IU'K';On
with 'he Vi'l:inia Zone Coa<tal Manal\<men, P"'g.J".m.
la"""h a somin.. program ,hallliv« ,he pul>li< 'he
0pl">rtumty '0 I.arn m",. ahou' th~ eovi",nmental
.......a,,·h wtld"",oo a, ,h. AIICIIC. TOpH:' in ,h.......i...
\""Iuok ,h. VCR-LTI R', ",awas< re"",at",n 1''''1«-1 in
HOI: 1s1,,,,J lIay, potential impa". of dimat. <ha,,~< at
,h~ re..-"", .nd ,h~ .ff...·, of so. I.,d os< on mi~ra">ty
1>".1,. "Th" I< on. of ,h. vt'ry few 0PI">rtuOl"'" f", ,h.
local pu!>l;" '" I~am Ii",hand f",,,, ,he ",i.n,im a,1u­
ally dom~ ,h. rt"'ICarch al><,u' pll 'l,."e" l>ein\: mnduc1ed
in 'heir !>."kprd,· '3y< <o.:h,.,.""hild.
Tht ARCRC h" also ~1\al>led ,h~ VCR-LTIR to
"'<T\~,h<ll its lit.,. 1<, I...:al "hlM,1'y"e m,. Wi,h <upl",n
1m", tl>e 1'O.tio".1 S<i<"". f ound. ,;" n, ,h~ VCR-Ll"ER
ha' bren h~",;ly in...·" ed m .du<"t1m,al uotre""h '0
'he Northampt<>n Cuunt)· 1'01>1" <o.:h'M>I, 'hruud> the
Schoolya,d LTER prrwam. The oP'"nitlg of ,h~ ABeRC
g... ,I>e VCR-!.IT.R 'he al>illty '" ~xpand 'h"""
p'OWam•. ()n~ "f th~ Ii", was ,h. R.......,,·h Experi.",·.
f", Hid> Sch"ol S'ud.-nl> (REllS) p"'I\"m, a ,ummer
mtern, hip p",wa",. 'The <,udenr, w",k du«ly with
" graduate ",uJ.m and a fa<ul,y m..."b<-r wnd ",... i1\~
"""arch a' ,h. VCR-LTER, whil. d~,dopm~ 'he>< uwo
md.-peodent r....arch prui"'''.
"Our gool;. '" ~.., as many prople as po»ihle-----<>f
all .I:<r--mvolved w"h ,h. ,rn'or, ~ say, Sm"l>. ~rt's ,h.
mo" efti,;i.m.nd .x<iting w.y we knu", '0 "r<a,~ anJ
,hare new knowledge."
to
.... s.._rndIIId
Wn__on>
'" 'ho
_
' .."
....,..... ..
M
..
VOI-\."'".
,
Global & Extraterrestrial Research
In 1912, astronauts aboard Apollo 17 took a photograph of the Earth that
framed tile planet againsllhe immU5utilbl" eapans.e 01 span. This startling
image provided vi!><@fa[tonllrmalionlhaIIMiduweulltheMYironmml
applies not merely to our Immediate sutToundillg5 but also 10 an immense.
interlocking system of ph'(5iul ,lind biologitallortl'S. Starting from this
planetary pNspectiYe.
membl'~ of
the departrnt'nl are engaged in pionft'fillg
prctects rc http us understand tlow the
~yilonm ..nt
of our planet-and other
plan et s-evolvl'S.
Perfecting Destiny
"r"n"
In .1M, l'<'~'" ,i""t II>t
17 ."",n.u" p",mt'd ,hti.
H._Ihl.J al rho F.;lrth. NASA h•• l.u""h<o.I "'0""" " f
....,,11 ,," ,h;" ....." llI"".lIy u pon&d "ur k"".....I. dK" of
our plann. At ' M ~ ....., uf ,I>t fnk.. 1gov..nmtn"
, N.r
111.,...,0' .1. ('..ou ..",IINRCj "Irhe Narum.!
Ac
....-d a .In:adall'lan ,n !OO7 f"r NASA a nd
NOAA, by,nM "u. .. nh "'irnct mi..i"". fo. , he 'wo
or~nlU."",.t" un"'nal< ~ n 20[0 and 2020.
A
,lit 17 .....,110
ha, ,lit commin.., calkJ fo. , OM
01 11 ..-. a",h",,, and ""'" CtJIIlpln wa. dubbnl
Il fS l>ynl. Ha nk Shu~rt. , W. W. <::ormran Prole-.""
"lbI""",mm••1... itnc
p;ln 01 , ..,am chargnl
wuh ...... ,.;ng
DESDrnl rn.lizn It im.tilk dcsnny.
DFSI>ynl, which Oland. for Drlormanon, f.cooy>tem
s......."f'UIt, and I>ynami<:s 0I1ct. ",ill carry ...... a.t......-"d
>n»<>< 'J"fCffi>' ""crkrnmctnc
apntun: radar
I lnSA R~ and lW" dnecrion and ranpng (UDA R). In p;ln,
,... aw kward pun in lht program'. na..... min... tht dO>p;l­
rol. natu.. of lhtlh..., 1>< ....'. tha I lht NRC loo~
would ..... . ake .d... nugo 0I.n.... two ~
'Tho lint .. It> ch..ra.t~= lht riftoct> 01 m."lI'''' ...1"'. ...
• nd land ..... on 'pocio< ....h,..u and ",rtoon I>ud:Mm­
Shugan'o ar.a of . xptni",. Shugan i!. a .y........ "'"O/or;I"
", h" f"cu.... on ..mulan" o me>dollnl!i; 01 fornt ~
Ov•• ,"'IN d=tdo, Shupn
P!OrN k~ roles In a
numbn- of NASA ""nh ..."icnI..., mi......... 'l';'hm ,ho dn:ad.ol
plan " ...... uod, h. wa. the "'irnct ch." "f. 1n''''''O
, hJl , h. J<1 Pro pul, ion u oo.a' ory w.o .....lopi"8.O
uk InSAR and U DAll. to l11<"a>Un: "" hon ,n rh< houma....
11", pl'Ofe"l wa' ''''",hod 10'" Ilf.SlJp , I, . nd Itoc:a
lht
"",re. of tilt "~)'".m "fllCIU"~ pan " I II. me""
.
DE..SDj.-nl will .1" , be u...J '" tiMon ..Illak ,,,,fac.
deform"ion 'n ••••• "f ,h . ..."rld
I" •• nh4"ak....
,Iu,
on"""
....... 5IIu9alIlilMlplnv ,.......... Of.SOynI.
coo ...... 0; InlNl oncI UDAA 1nIo. >"'vIo ""'''''''''_
>yn"""'"
Iu.
1'''''''
•
<O_
K ....
=pI""",
vukanic
.nd land,lod•• , Th
m•••u•• m.n"
could ""... ,do carly
m,"lI " I any "f ,h
na.ur.1
dn,a """ 1"".,,,,.lly vinl( lrn, " I ,h"u.and, " f Iov....
1 n~ AR." ,n, k ' ...a'''",' in
Fin. lly. DESDynl ...,1l
.... . flow p;ln.m. and vrlo""..... iml",nanl ",n"ralm,
on ,hoir dynamK "'1""''' ' 0 d,n..... ,hanlt'. Th..
k""""lrdKo "l"'lp '" doI• •m,,,. ho,,' fa' . " Kitty m u>f
adopl "'
IrwIchangn.
" Cornbtn,nM, >pa".1 «><lllnuny of lnSAR . ml
.... rrn:"••",.nd d .-t...... " f l.IllAR ,n'o ••inllk
p1.tfo.m ,tu,
,ho tnjui........... oI • ...-h of , ......
m'...."'... <lullml\ll'll!i; work,- "I" Shult"rt, who
now .." on [Jt5l>yn r. ><:1C'fl<C' boa rd. NorM'thor.......
... n:mau'
,h",••".., abou. DESf>ynr , ......n,iat
1'Wk'" ,
an: .....Iv"". "Th" " . H ubhlo--><.-. "
f' f..,.;nM '" ,ho orbning ,.lescopr, - and
" , ou k! tu •• lI" bblr-......lo .......1... ~
.fI"...,·
When scientists look at the pictures of Mars
taken by spacec raft like the Mars Rec onna issance
Orbiter,lhey find counterparts to many of the
familiar landforms we find on Earth,
lOr holpI"9
_to
......, 0 ...........
~
u<>dentMld _
oha<ldIf>g IIghl on _
_CIf-"_
...... l.hapM tlla fIIan .... _ _•
••_ . on 'lla '«I ........
Martian Modeling
SN,ng tnc E. nn I"r wna' it ,;-• • on. pl.n.. amoog
fre<n.. nu~ point fm
m.ny-n'l{ only p, m'id
und'r>'.nd,ng In. f,,,c ,na' .n.pr iu mvi,ontmnl
lou' . 1", nell" us unde",..nd ,h,It ,nc"" f"",... or. nut
uniqU<' to us. Whc-n K;'nlist' look al the picture< of
M.... toh n by ' I'"C"'toh: lik. ,hr Ma... Rcconnai,... n,:e
0 ,10" .., they fi nd coun'crpon, ttl m.ny 01 the f. mili..
l.ndfo,m, we find On fo n n. f o' in".nc., In.,,,.,,,
""'.ndenog n v....nd ri.c' delt... , n<>Ugh ,he ~u.nti,y
of w.l<. tt<N<d to prod"". ,hrm v.ni","d h,llI"", of
y...... • gu.
\1;'n'k ,he vory .mlolf"""""" of ,10. N.,i"n.1
R....,..ch Council'. dec.d.1 pl.n fo' ••nn ",i<nc...
demon........ ,nat .... "ill ho.... ~at de.1 to kam
. 1><..., OU' nnm< pl. """ ,he consid... 101r knmvblj;. ,not
.... ho... accumulo,rd-and ill
""""""ibihty---gi ....
us.n ctlcrllm, ".n,"If poin, lor undrnunding thr
nt'd,~l condi'ion. n«<kd to prod""" thew nv.,.
... It<-y. .nd o,hr. nydrogromo:orplIic kat....... Acoord·
m&ly, Prof.."" Al,tn D, Ho.....d ...... by dn..,lop,ng
rnodrl. ,na! ","OUn' for II... c"'a!ion of ,prctfic fc.ru....
"'=
on Eanh, wnich h. v.lidOl... u,mll knowkd~ "f our
ow n dim.,. histot)'. H. ,I>rn .di..'" 'h<ttl for M. n ian
condi lion .. shrddmg ligh' on ..., when ..., .tr. w" mo,.
. bundant on tho TN plan.!.
Am,mg nt b.. pru;«..." How..d i' . t)'ing to unde, ·
" .nd ,he rel."on,h,p hetw",n ev.p",..",n . nd ,un"ff
frOnt p"",ipi'ation thot wo uld 1• • 0.1 'O 'n imp.c'
cr.lor overflowing .nd "ea"ng.n o .. rflow ch.nnel.
H. br-g.n by ,...ting. now routing model on .n.l...
gous 'cIT.in on Earth, tho Grcat B..in Rrg io n o f the
Amori<.o Southw..,. Hc mtrtcd ",Icv.nt dimat. d...,
bol h 10' pl"t'S<"n, condi'ion' .nd du,ing ,h. Pie;"'''.'''
prnod 50,000 y..... 'go, .nd it .ccorately tt.ckrd th.
nUCIu"ion, in 'he sir" of lit< l.k... ,h.t ,,,cupy th...,
ba, m,. H... now .pplying hi. model to conditions
on M.... "II w. ,un "' lfh whot we know
, h•
I.ndforms .nd 'lin ,It< modrl, w~ <.n mal. ",f.",,,,,...
ahou' pas' d,m.';" cond"io",, · h• .. y•. UI,imatrly,
It< pl.n, to OOIlplc tbr rnodr l with glokol annosphcr;"
circul.,io" mudrl, bring dr-vrloprd fo' urly pornnd' of
Martian hi<tot)' .
.hou,
,
Regional Research
Most peopll:' intuit ivelVthink about the environment on a reglonat scale. For
cas ual cbsevers, the cha racteristics of a particular part of the world- its climate.
nora. and fauna -make up a familiar, static sell'l'Vident whole. For environmental
!;£ientish, th" Iegional scale is much more dynamic II is on the .egionallt'W'l
that local phenomena. amplified many limes over. inleracl ....ith global forces.
The Adirondack Park
Th~
...di.... onJad I'..k in~ll'" ...p"rLm....... Th..
f'l':iun in nonh<-a" N~ .. York .. It..
P""«'~cJ
"f ""iw.honnl' Ver mo nt. I, ,, ,he ""lJI<"'II""R
pul>lld~
,,,,t­
In
' ht
CO",i!,-IlOU' Un"n1 ~Ul"" d.. L.'W'" S""",al U,,,"n <
L1ntl"",", . <ond ,Ix- laq:<"t 3""a pruln~cd by an~ U.!>.
" "•• h .. lkfintd by ~ Adlf(xI<bo;k M oun tam o-<h<n
a.. mo« dun ~o pu.k. " ..... ~ ,OOO r.... -bu, i.......ll~
w,,11 known for It...........".h u/ lake>, ~ !>N.u.y
In! the ~'<OOf\O "f 1M ("Idod Aile10 tKuki d.h"... ,.
",m".... camp> un ...... , ~
\X'hrn i'rofry"" .\ l,k< p...., bq:.ln .,";"nl\ ' hew bk..
...........1dt.;;aJ.. 'W>. many of rhnn no Ion~ "'PI""'N
,II<- .humUnt li.hcri.. tlut"'d tn.tdc ,hnn kg<nd.ol)'
.....10 .n,*",. When ,II<- JW"".1I1n1\ Wind. from ,II<­
.\10.1..·... ri"., "
,II<- moun,.,n•• ,II<'.por in
,11<- . " condrn nd rn""I",.... out.,t ,II<- From
.11<- 1'lMJoo, ...... ,10" J'ff'.'P""1On urriN ,"', ,,"tI Io3<k
"I ... It..
n ~
gnt<'t"" N "y ,II<­
w.,....
,.nd
W"Wlnll co"n
•Iu. .... ul•..:I ~
.·,,,,,,,,,,,nd.
oI .\l,d~,
PO""" pL. n" . The ",-..I
0''''''''''''' ,
"In
'u.olly
n...u..ll>uff....illl\
,I.nd k..... rnl , pI! ,n ..""" l. k.. '0
,... roo"' w ,"'li,h J"<'I"'I"~",, ~II '" d,,,, pp.,., .
U1" k ,.... Clun lu. 1\<1 .... I 'NO w ...... L..i••I)'
'4p"'''y ,,'
•
.""
.,,11 '
,Iul '" k
U... inri.. nl["'l't"o .l<J"<"""'"
" oll
po
.
With "'1'1"'''' fro'" , N,,,,<>n.1 s.corll<... h",nJ,,,,,,,,,
P........ II Jrvrl<>pr"tl. "'.y ", .I<1.....
,he «,I"",,,.hip
h«wrno n",,~n d<pr",i,i"n. ,I>t .. ,,"'..... "f ,he ", ,.
.I>tJ III wh",h I[ 1.11 nd , he ,·I>tmi.. ry "f ,1I<-1. k ,n
,Iu, ...,.,~rWd. H ,.",. ,,, u".I< "J 10"... " U"'lt"1I
"""".......", ,n ,
ff l.J loy " ...·10
• • '1"',..1 J"p<",,,~,,, .nd ,h~ ." lu'. ,,,,,I """1'<""­
.ion of .....d .nd•• nd why nu"'II<'n okp< '''''''" h•• ",,'...
'1111""1 un ",m",lJ k.. ,lun ,>1M". II" ,,,,.I) 10,.. imrli ·
",,,,,,, fur I1\.1n.1l1n1l ,h. par k'. w;lok",
h;,; h
....·coun' fnr .,..,....,ix,h ,,1,10.. pa,k-.., 11., f tl>t .H
I"", rn ' "f ,t... pa,k
i. ,n "'...,. 10. ".1•.
·W.... ,. k,nl\ .d••n"I\' "f 'f>< •• ry u""""
(j IS m.""inl\"f Ad''''ndJ,'k .... .."hod. "",J"".,C'J loy
.1I"t<,... In ,h• • rra," Pa.. " Y> , "Our ,h.llrn!\<,
is '0 <om[,;"" this Gl ~ inIOfm."on ... ,,10 4 numhe. of
tlK k.dillg modrl, fur nilloge" d.po;iti"n." H. will
<""' pa... , h. ,.....It• ...,,10
.""m"try .,mpl... ...
II",k irom hundoN' of bk ... Jurtnl\ ,h••um""'" " I
101lli and 2007,. prt"".." ,h., ...,,11 k.d In tun ....'
rchnmwnt " I tho... ",~" .1 "",n.g."""" "",I..
'0 ••
m""
,."Ioon.!
,h.,
t'"
"'.ff'
f.,·',.....
0pp0tlI0 _:Wnv'~''''
. _ ........... '
01I0Io
~
_ .. 0:-....,01
,... _
leI!, Monllo' ''' •
·._01__
"""!oN
""._.._' '0_._
_
_
....al '""
...-.-,..,, _ _ 01--.
"If we are to protect the Red Sea
reefs. we have to understand
the environmental factors that
are essential to their health."
Red Sea Coral Reefs
r ho «lui .....h "f m.- Rnl s.-~ ~'" unJrt ' ocgc.
R. ........ tKm~1 .I..... h. "" d1m.~ ..... "'hmK ...,..~l.
a"d ol"rnllll' -eU,mm" O..<rfj,h,"fl h.>. dc-rl<tnl 'M
... . hi.....,.... Ii.h ,h., ", .I~ 'h.>' m,~. p;n>W "n ,he
,~ ..ol, " ,Kl , . ,......, h".,on nf 011 .. >«. h.>"" Kr""nd
,..." .........1. "n ,M ...... f ,'""o.,"ll ~""" du, may ,ok. ~
,Tr1'urr ,,' ....l«' , ,, ""1""" .
.....n.. ....
"If ""'."" t" 1''''''''' 'M Rnl s.-•
h."" 10
unJr
nd I.... rn ...r"nmm,.l 1"" 0'" ,h., ~"" ....'ICIt ... 1
'0 ,
llh," Ur> " ....... 1'T<.r.,..,,, M. tt R.KIm·
N<h. On. "f 'M ....... ' ml"" u nl ........""'" '0 nu""","
,b<y nttd
,..., .nd Aou" .
C.orol ha, ••ymh,,,,,, Ia' "h,1' ..."h .. "l(k...,,11nl
.I~ . , . Ilnl " ...un'....II3<
"",h 11..., ,n ,.... 11m>< "f
«lui poly!". "Thnc .~I II. u rry ou' rh<",..Y"
"
. nd J"'><I"". U,"" ' If'K.ln n.. " ....' ... I...' , , ,, 1
poly!"....,. So """ ", n", " " ma" ,h.l' " I, ..n 1\<1
up to 'JO pm"", of ,
nult....... from ,hei' " ..,Un­
,....1.... . yon""",".
,,~ •• '" nor
()Ifly ...." , . of n,,,,,.n...
"'>W""",". llu nh ,,,
"h ,h.. k. Klrn h."h
• nd hi' ' ollt. lI
h
'"OI\<101<'nl . ",...n',," n,>W
",,,k,,,und
1• .k,i... ~ "Ilnilioc.", .n,,,,,," "f
n'
'0 .........
,,,,.1',
,h., ,
nu,rimf, from m.- ....,., , ," u nd ,........ II hyd",l.~."
RndmhKh h• • ,..,krd
flow .nd 'u,hi,ltru.... "f
,............ ,h.>. ca~
nu'"",," '0 ,,,ul III ,I>.
Rrd Sr.a. -Coral. d".n ~m."nilt ~'" I'UUIllllllUIf"lll'
of ........-," Rndmhach .. yo. - Th i, ..,',i,i,y, which
can uk. """-. tw>Ih d1y .nd n'llh" ,omplcn",," 'he
nu'nrnt> ,>I>t.inrd Imm ,...." .".".n,hril,1< dllti"l: th..
d1yti""" - H
ork hril" "'ol,'I:"" ,1<1,"",,>< h"w
1>0,... nu"'rnt. tm, ...ef .. k.... up
m""h of ,he
.rK! i.knnty 'hr 1iOU,,'rs of ,h..... """i."lS.
n.. Rrd s.-..
1r..ef. , in ,ommu" ...i,h ,..d ••1l
ovcr ,he world.
dd i ti ",,~ 1 d"m'I\" lrom ""nl:
, a rho m dlllXl.k l...d, '" ,h. ",m""l'h,«. BI..",hi"K
.., ..nts.t< ~",,, i",rd "o'IIh .....mer I<mpcr.'ut.... c..u..-d
hy It,,,,nh,,,,,, ""'....... T" m"ke m.n......'0.... 'I'I''''~''
m.'e1y .~ n pc",.n' "f ,h" a'm,,,phrnc , ..,bon dio~id<
""hi,,,...ly d'I""i,..d in tn.. '"... n... ..-hieh ..e IIm ..'­
"'II mill' acidic
,,11. II. I'H .kel,...... the .......
'"' lh.. ,,, ,~I i"'
In 'he Rrd Se. ~nd rl
t><n
,n 'hr w"rld. R.idntha,·h is usinl: his und«<t.nd"'iIt
"f .... "r flo.... nd ',,'hule"'-...... ''''al< a hn,... " nd<r.
,u"dinlt " f h"w carhom d,o~id< os d,unhu'rd • ...,.,nd
.Ind 'h'''''lth ,,,,I•.
ou'
,0..
f."" ..
as'
•
Local Research
The environment is like an organism, II yotJ want to understand how it
functions-and why it flourishes under some conditions and not oth!L'rS-YOli
must drill down to the level of its DNA and team how essential biological.
phvskel, and chemical processes combine to create the world around us.
Barrier Islands on the loose
At th" poonc, II iI • ~ conel ........ tha' lhe w",ld'.
hi,"" UJand. will b.:Ir the mill of I n 1t....1......
Currmdy. 1><",,"". no .,... quit. unde ""and, lhe key
f..., ,,", lha l WIll dr«mU whnher an i. land .hain m'Waln
landward and ..... 'm. ' ;1> imegriry 0' di"nregr.,... undn
tilt foru of tilt ri,, "ll ""
""i"ont Pmleoo<,.. Laur.
Moort" ... udy 01 . <
...,;tin" of North Caroli •• Oul...
Bank.. bastd on. 2~ · ki~"n
ofT<'t\:h of HoI)
Wand.
"o...gncd IU .hc<ll igh, on t
l.. ~.
Using GEO M BEST•• "">I'f'I><>Io,;;c:.al-brhllvior modd,
she i. , ry;ng 10 i<kn"fy ,br ... riahln rha, _
infIuornct
. n ;, land', .urvival. GFOMIlFST ..mubm rht nulu"""
,ha,
of morpholog~ and >lu''8''''phy;n.~ .... grid
includes the corninmtal ""'If. ne.anbc..... btao:h, and roa••a l
hintrrland.
As M{l(:ft """'"' m. Ouoer llank. io an llkal ~~ to
<:ondua tI1eoe tmOili..-y.w.e. hl<:a.- a pTa. de.1 of .....
fidd ...... ha al=dy bem li<>M. "W~ Iw... a wide array of
1It..~.po .1 data, includIng g«>php'o,l n:<'<".,J. and ........."
M........
Moor~ ..... 1n.odrd duo data ,nto Gt'O Mllf..H.
p1a"",hIr tra. "".. rho• • imulo•.,. t
unon 01
duo H.aowr.. l.J.and ~"""" """""" ""... 8,.500 yean.
lhen
modotitd "'" ~ariahl..., "0" paramcttf at' nmt.
Amoog ,,, .........ul... . h. found rn.., d" amoun. o f
oedi""n. avail. 1Ik 10 an i.land i. a """""I <Ito
inan. of
ilO fat•. Uk. m',,1 r h<nomcna in na'ure. ba.
iolando
....,d tow.rd 0 .... ~ of dynomi< "luilibrium. .As ...a Itvd.
ri'le an d if oed"n""l wrrly is limilN. II.. ioland bcogin. 10
miWaI. oh"rew.rd, ChlU1lin& Up'M undtrlying WMtr.~
and _aung It.. und " needs to .m"" ito inlqvif)'.
A number of lact...... dtmmi... It...~ of
proceso. II _Iovd run r. p••II,. tt.. ri ....t\ wa l~ .. may
outpact' thr island', abili.,. ." erode 'M .ub.tta~. "" uo­
in& the ioland 10 btl. Tt...~ and <"ml"""i" n "f tl><
... botta~ orr a1", «irical. For in...",•• if.he .u h.rra~ .....
,hiP. propnn;oo of oill 'o .. nd••he ..land mar no' pio
thr ..nd i. nttJ<.
M{l(:ft is optimistic abonr .he ....rvi~al 01.... Outtt
Bank.. 'If _ I.l thom go, rtw, w,1I ""'" Ilk"" " "m to lll
oa,...
""tIllS'
mi,
..
.hom.. I~.. boau... of m..........Jy ... hotra~. · ......,...
GiYftl our pen<hant for ~ O«ond hoo>es <Ill me;r
.......... il io TIfJf """"'" thaI _ orr ~y to 10:1 thaI 1w1'J'n1.
The Biology of Air Pollution
Ao, tcimDst. Man uel l.erdau mink, ~"ba lly and ",.
Io<.allr. " l(nnwinR how ~ni ..... w"rk is ""' lim ".r Ul
und..,w>.h"ll how I....y <hange .1>< world, " .... ..,... - Tt..
"""" w' kr>r>w aboul ln.;;al """hani...... m. hmcr our
P""".'linm. a!>ou. rhrnr>mn>a <Ill diffnm, "", In."
For in........ L.rda u i. otudying ,he ~I mK h·
. ni",,, .h.. "'!t"la,. """hanoi toni,sian' in rlan...
M..ha nol i. , he moOl ohundan, rbn.-dtrivnl compound
in rh~
plwre and h.. 0 major dfcc1 011 hydroxyl
radical <OI><.
a "OII. . . wdl a . 011 photocMmical 0l0f><
formOlion. Mffha nol " prod"""" Of h,p.~" in ,,",v..
.. th<y dtvdr>r in m. 'pn"ll-1 pIomommon that io
wd l SlUdied---bur,," ,I", relooaoed loy ma 'ur~ leaves.,
though at a o.Iown- rOl~ . In f....... he cumulall'" am"un'
of rnotbanol aru....... ~ ,he COlI.... " f •• umm." Can
M ....'fiunl. Wnrlr.mg '" l.... lI,re':nhou"" and 'n <h< field
at lhe dtparunonl" Pa« Plan.a"" n .l.. rdau and lVaduat<
'-._. _ _'n.....l<fOntho<_
_
........ '" ocIop< "'<hor>9n" _-.
ot.,.\enl " atty O ikaw •• ~ Iryinlt Iu idtntily 'M mtth.­
mum Ihat ,,"'tm! irs ... Ie-.... by nut.. ~ Ie-.vn.. "I f w"
.... l<' l..lIy
tM ormoophcn.: tmpa<U of mcth. ... ~.
...., m.... ..ndon..n<I in &taillw_ m"d.. noIll"lI"""ion
b fql.. l. ,ed . nd why, fo, in
"""...., !ott large .mo.mto
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