Unit: 2.1
Name:
Section Title: Archaebacteria vs. Eubacteria
Latin Root Word:
Review of Old Information: None
New Information:
Bacteria Cultures in Yogurt
1. Clean slides and cover slips for dust and other particles.
2. Place a very small portion of plain yogurt onto the slide.
3. Add one drop of water to the yogurt and place the cover slip on top.
4. Under low power, find a section where the yogurt is pretty thin; this is where you will find the bacteria.
Basic Bacteria Facts
Classification of Bacteria: Kingdom Archaebacteria
Major Bacteria Phyla: Archaebacteria
Classification of Bacteria Kingdom Eubacteria
Shapes of Eubacteria: Draw and Label
Eubacteria
Eubacteria: Heterotrophs
Photosynthetic: Autotrophs
Eubacteria: Chemosynthetic Autotrophs
Major Bacteria Phyla: Eubacteria
Most Bacteria Reproduce by 1 of 2 means
Asexual Reproduction
Sexual Reproduction
Gram Stain
Activity:
Book Work pg. 467-473
The two Kingdoms of bacteria are known as ____________ and ____________. One reason
Archaebacteria is placed into a separate kingdom is because its cell walls do not have _______________,
which is a protein carbohydrate compound found in the cell walls of Eubacteria. Archaebacteria were first
discovered in extreme environments, such as __________, __________, and __________. The three
phylogenetic groups of archaebacteria are _______________, _______________, and
_______________. Methanogens found in anaerobic conditions such as at the bottom of __________
and __________, where they convert H2 and CO2 into __________ _____. Extreme halphiles are
_______________ archaebacteria, and live in environments with very high salt concentrations such as the
Dead Sea. Thermoacidophiles live in extremely __________ environments that have high temperatures,
such as volcanic or hydrothermal vents.
Eubacteria account for most bacteria and have three basic shapes. Eubacteria that are rod shaped
are called __________. Eubacteria that are sphere shaped are called __________. Eubacteria that are
spiral shaped are called __________. When cocci occur in chains they are called _______________,
and when cocci occur in grape like clusters they are called _______________. Eubacteria are divided
into 12 different phyla. Some basic phyla of bacteria are (table 24-1) __________, __________,
__________, and __________. Phylum cyanobacteria were once known as blue-green algae, but do not
have a membrane bound nucleus. To acquire energy cyanobacteria perform __________. Phylum
spirochetes are ____________ shaped heterotrophic bacteria and are known to cause the STD syphilis.
Phylum Gram positive bacteria are a main producer of ___________, which inhibit growth or kill
microscopic organisms. Phylum proteobacteria is the one of the largest and most diverse bacteria
kingdoms and include _______ bacteria and __________.
Class Review Questions:
1. _____Which of the following types of bacteria would you most likely to find in very salty water?
a. Chemoautotroph
b. Extreme halophile
c. Cyanobacterium
d. Thermoacidophile
2. _____Archaebacteria and eubacteria are placed into separate kingdoms because archaebacteria
a. lack cell membranes
b. have cell walls that contain peptidoglycan
c. evolved after eubacteria evolved
d. have some genes that closely resemble those found in eukaryotes
3. _____Rod shaped bacteria are called
a. cocci
b. bacilli
c. halophiles
d. spirilla
4. _____Thermoacidophiles are
a. eubacteria
b. cyanobacteria
c. archaebacteria
d. spirochetes
5. _____Gram positive bacteria stain
a. blue
b. pink
c. red
d. purple
Bacteria and Disease
Type of Disease
Areas Affected
Mode of Transmission
Botulism
nerves
Improper preserved foods
Cholera
intestines
Contaminated water
Tooth Decay
teeth
Bacteria in mouth
Gonorrhea
Urethra/ fal.tubes
Sexual contact
Lyme Disease
Skin, joints, heart
Tick bite
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever
Blood, skin
Tick bite
Salmonella
intestines
Contaminated food
Strep throat
Respiratory tract
Sneezing/coughing
Tetanus
nerves
Contaminated wounds
Tuberculosis
Lungs, bones, etc
coughing
Ways Bacteria Cause Disease
Activity:
Book Work: pg. 478-479
The scientific study of disease is called _______________. Bacteria that causes disease is known as
__________. Some bacteria cause disease by producing poisons called toxins. _______________ are
toxins produced by Gram-positive bacteria and are secreted into the surrounding environment. Toxins that
are associated with Gram-negative bacteria and are not released from the bacteria until it dies are known
as _______________.
Class Review Questions
1. _____One bacterial disease that is transmitted by contaminated drinking water is
a. Lyme disease
b. Gonorrhea
c. Tuberculosis
d. Cholera
2. _____A poison that is released from the outer membrane of dead Gram negative bacteria is called
a. a pathogen
b. an exotoxin
c. an endotoxin
d. a broad-spectrum toxin
3. _____Which of the following is not a way that bacteria cause disease in humans?
a. Destroying body tissues
b. Conjugating human cells
c. Damaging blood vessels
d. Dissolving blood clots
4. _____Bacteria that cause disease are known as
a. Pathology
b. Endotoxins
c. Pathogens
d. Exotoxins
5. _____ A poison that is produced by gram positive bacteria while the bacteria are still alive is
known as
a. Pathology
b. Endotoxin
c. Pathogens
d. Exotoxin
Activity:
Complete the activity in the space below.
1.
2.
3.
4.
Sign in and access the Internet.
Type in site http://www.bacteriamuseum.org.
Click on “enter out building.”
Now answer the following questions:
a. What type of bacteria causes disease?
b. What do you call the study of bacteria?
c. What are single cells that do not contain a nucleus?
d. What do you call cells that contain a nucleus?
e. What do you call the study of prokaryotes?
5. Click on “Pathogenic Bacteria.”
6. Click on “Pathogenicity.”
7. Answer the following questions:
a. What is a flagella?
b. What do you call some bacteria that produce toxic compounds that cause harm to their
host?
c. Explain “surviving the defense.”
d. What do you call the characteristic that bacteria need and use to cause disease?
8. Next, click on “how we fight bacteria” and then on “the immune system.”
9. Answer the following questions:
a. What is complement?
b. Who do antibodies get help from to destroy bacteria that cause infection?
c. How do you get immunity from bacteria that make us ill?
d. How would you describe acquired immunity?
e. What part of our body is most likely to come into contact with bacteria?
10. Click on “evolution” and then click on “Archaea” and answer the following questions:
a. What is the taxonomic kingdom that once comprised all prokaryotes?
b. How did bacteria establish a stable atmosphere?
c. What gas was toxic to the first inhabitants of the Earth?
d. What are halophiles?
e. What are methanogens?
11. Click on “Commensals” and answer the following questions:
a. What re the three D’s of bacteria?
b. What are commensals?
c. What is symbiosis?
12. Click on “How many bacteria are living in your body” (which is in the commensals section on this
same page). Answer the following questions:
a. What are normal flora?
b. How many species live in your body?