Objectives
Appendicular Skeleton 3:
BONES OF LEG & FOOT
FEMUR – longest, largest bone of body;
articulates w/ coxal (proximal) & tibia (distal)
• 1. Head – knob like
projection @ proximal
end
• 2. Fovea Capitis Femoris
– pit in head for ligament
attachment
• 3. Neck – constricted are
inferior to head
1. Identify the bone structure and markings
of the femur, patella, tibia and fibula
2. Identify on a skeleton or diagram the
bones of the leg and foot
3. Identify the bones of the foot
• 4. Great trochanter – irregular process on
lateral side
• 5. Lesser trochanter – irregular process on
medial side
*Both trochanters serve as point of attachment for
thigh & buttock muscles
• 6. Intertrochanteric line – anterior surface; runs
diagonally from greater to lesser trochanter
• 7. Intertrochanteric crest – posterior surface;
prominent ridge between trochanters
• 8. Linea aspera – vertical ridge on shaft;
attachment of thigh muscles
• 9. Medial & lateral
condyles – rounded
process on distal end;
articulate w/ tibia
• 10. Intercondylar Fossa
– depression between
condyles
• 11. Medial & lateral
epicondyles – raised
areas superior to
condyles; muscle &
ligament attachment
• 12. Patellar surface –
anterior surface; slight
depression between
condyles
• 13. Popliteal surface
– posterior surface;
behind the knee
PATELLA - kneecap
• Referred to as a
sesamoid bone – one
that develops within a
tendon
• 1. Base – superior
border
• 2. Apex – inferior
border; pointed
• 3. Articular Facets –
smooth areas on
posterior surface;
articulate w/ femur
TIBIA – shinbone; medial bone of lower leg;
articulates w/ femur, fibula & metatarsals
• 1. Medial & lateral condyles
– projections at the
proximal end; articulate w/
femur (2&5)
• 2. Intercondylar eminence
– upward projection
between condyles (1)
• 3. Tibial tuberosity –
projection on anterior
surface for attachment of
patellar ligament (3)
• 4. Medial malleolus –
distal end, medial side;
articulates w/ talus of
ankle
• 5. Fibular notch – distal
end; lateral side;
articulates w/ fibula
• 6. Inferior articular
surface – surface that
comes into contact w/
talus
FIBULA – lateral bone of lower leg;
articulates w/ tibia
• 1. Head – proximal end;
articulates w/ lateral
condyle of tibia
TARSALS – ANKLE BONES
1. TALUS –ONLY BONE THAT ARTICULATES WITH
THE TIBIA
2. CALCANEUS – POSTERIOR; HEEL OF FOOT
3. NAVICULAR – ANTERIOR TO TALUS
• 2. Styloid process –
pointed projection on
head
• 3. Lateral malleolus –
projection on distal end ;
outside of ankle
METATARSALS
• 4. CUBOID – LATERAL
SIDE; ATRICULATES
WITH METATARSAL IV
&V
• 5. CUNEIFORM – 3
BONES
– 1ST – MEDIAL ( META I)
– 2ND – INTERMEDIATE
(META II)
– 3RD – LATERAL (META III)
• I –MEDIAL (BIG TOE)
• V – LATERAL
(LITTLE TOE)
• HEAD
ARTICULATES WITH
PHALANGES
• BASE ARTICULATES
WITH TARSAL
PHALANGES
• LONGITUDINAL
ARCH – RUN
LENGTH OF FOOT
FROM ANKLE TO
TOES
• TRANSVERSE
ARCH – RUNS
ACROSS FOOT
• HALLUX – BIG TOE;
2 PHALANX
• OTHER TOES 3
PHALANX
• 1ST – PROXIMAL;
ARTICULATES WITH
METATARSALS
• 3RD – DISTAL; TIP
OF TOE