Midterm Review
1. Which particle is electrically neutral?
(1) proton
(3) neutron
(2) positron
(4) electron
2. Which particle has approximately the same mass
as a proton?
(1) alpha
(3) electron
(2) beta
(4) neutron
7. Experiments performed to reveal the structure of
atoms led scientists to conclude that an atom's
(1) positive charge is evenly distributed
throughout its volume
(2) negative charge is mainly concentrated in its
nucleus
(3) mass is evenly distributed throughout its
volume
(4) volume is mainly unoccupied
3. Experimental evidence indicates that the nucleus
of an atom
(1) contains most of the mass of the atom
(2) contains a small percentage of the mass of
the atom
(3) has no charge
(4) has a negative charge
8. The atomic number of an atom is always equal
to the total number of
(1) neutrons in the nucleus
(2) protons in the nucleus
(3) neutrons plus protons in the atom
(4) protons plus electrons in the atom
4. The major portion of an atom's mass consists of
(1) electrons and protons
(2) electrons and neutrons
(3) neutrons and positrons
(4) neutrons and protons
9. Which of the following atoms has the greatest
nuclear charge?
(1)}4N
(2) 162C
(3)?H
(4) <He
5. Compared to the entire atom, the nucleus of the
atom is
(1) smaller and contains most of the atom's mass
(2) smaller and contains little of the atom's mass
(3) larger and contains most of the atom's mass
(4) larger and contains little of the atom's mass
6. Experiments with gold foil indicated that atoms
(1) usually have a uniform distribution of
positive charges
(2) usually have a uniform distribution of
negative charges
(3) contain a positively charged, dense center
(4) contain a negatively charged, dense center
10. What is the nuclear charge of an atom with a
mass of 23 and an atomic number of 11?
(1) 11+
(3)23+
(2) 12+
(4) 34+
11. A neutral atom with 6 electrons and 8 neutrons
is an isotope of
(1) carbon
(3) nitrogen
(2) silicon
(4) oxygen
12. Atoms of 160,17O, and 18O have the same
number of
(1) neutrons, but a different number of protons
(2) protons, but a different number of neutrons
(3) protons, but a different number of electrons
(4) electrons, but a different number of protons
13. In the wave-mechanical model, an orbital is a
region of space in an atom where there is
(1) a high probability of finding an electron
(2) a high probability of finding a neutron
(3) a circular path in which electrons are found
(4) a circular path in which neutrons are found
20. Which characteristics describe most nonmetals
in the solid phase?
(1) They are malleable and have metallic luster.
(2) They are malleable and lack metallic luster.
(3) They are brittle and have metallic luster.
(4) They are brittle and lack metallic luster.
14. As an electron in a hydrogen atom moves from
the second principal energy level to the first
principal energy level, the energy of the atom
(1) decreases
(3) remains the same
(2) increases
21. In which area of the Periodic Table are the
elements with the strongest nonmetallic
properties located?
(1) lower left
(3) lower right
(2) upper left
(4) upper right
15. When electrons in an atom in an excited state
fall to lower energy levels, energy is
(1) absorbed, only
(2) released, only
(3) neither released nor absorbed
(4) both released and absorbed
22. Which element exhibits both metallic and
nonmetallic properties?
(1) B
(3) K
(2) Ba
(4) Kr
16. What causes the emission of radiant energy that
produces characteristic spectral lines?
(1) neutron absorption by the nucleus
(2) gamma ray emission from the nucleus
(3) movement of electrons to higher energy
levels
(4) return of electrons to lower energy levels
17. Which element is considered malleable?
(1) gold
(3) sulfur
(2) hydrogen
(4) radon
18. Atoms of metallic elements tend to
(1) gain electrons and form negative ions
(2) gain electrons and form positive ions
(3) lose electrons and form negative ions
(4) lose electrons and form positive ions
19. The least active metal of those represented
below has an electron configuration abbreviated
as
(1) 2-8-2
(3) 2-8-18-8-2
(2) 2-8-8-2
(4) 2-8-18-18-2
23. What is the total number of valence electrons in
an atom of phosphorus in the ground state?
(1) 5
(3) 3
(2) 2
(4) 7
24. Given the electron configuration of an atom in
the ground state:
2-8-6
This element is found in the Periodic Table in
(1) Period 4 and Group 16
(2) Period 4 and Group 14
(3) Period 3 and Group 16
(4) Period 3 and Group 14
25. A chloride dissolves in water to form a colored
solution. The chloride could be
(1) HC1
(3) CaCl2
(2) KC1
(4) CuCl2
26. Which sequence of elements is arranged in order
of decreasing atomic radii?
(3)Cl,Br,I
(2) Li, Na, K
(4)N,C,B
27. Which atom has the strongest attraction for
electrons?
(1) Cl
(3) Br
(2) F
(4) I
34. Which element forms a diatomic molecule
containing a triple covalent bond?
(1) H2
(3) N2
(2) C12
(4) 03
28. Elements that readily gain electrons tend to have
(1) high ionization energy and high
electronegativity
(2) high ionization energy and low
electronegativity
(3) low ionization energy and low
electronegativity
(4) low ionization energy and high
electronegativity
35. Which type of bond is found in one molecule of
methane, CH4?
(1) a covalent bond
(3) an ionic bond
(2) a hydrogen bond
(4) a metallic bond
29. Which kind of energy is stored in a chemical
bond?
(1) potential energy
(3) activation energy
(2) kinetic energy
(4) ionization energy
30. Given the equation:
I + I-> L
As the atoms of the iodine react to form
molecules of iodine, the stability of the iodine
(1) decreases
(3) remains the same
(2) increases
31. Which is the formula of an ionic compound?
(1) SO2
(3) CH3OH
(2) CO2
(4) NaOH
32. Which formula represents a substance that
contains covalent bonds?
(1) LiCl
(3) K20
(2) CaCl2
(4) C02
33. Which type of bonds are formed when calcium
atoms react with oxygen atoms?
(1) polar covalent
(3) ionic
(2) coordinate covalent (4) hydrogen
36. Metallic bonding occurs between atoms of
(1)
fluorine
(3) sulfdr
(2) neon
(4) copper
37. Which type of bonding involves positive ions
immersed in a sea of mobile electrons?
(1) ionic
(3) polar covalent
(2) nonpolar covalent (4) metallic
38. Which electron-dot diagram best represents a
compound that contains both ionic and covalent
bonds?
^ H:S:
H
(2)
Ca 2+ ::s:o:
(3)
(4)
K+[:Br:J
.. ..
IBrlBr:
39. Which molecule contains a nonpolar covalent
bond?
(1) I2
(3) H20
(2) NH3
(4) CO
40. Which type of bond is present in a water
molecule?
(1) polar covalent
(3) ionic
(2) nonpolar covalent (4) electrovalent
46. When a uranium nucleus breaks up into
fragments, which type of nuclear reaction
occurs?
(1) fusion
(3) replacement
(2) fission
(4) redox
41. Which equation represents alpha decay?
(4)g 2 Rn-»JJ 8 Po+*
42. Which equation represents artificial
transmutation?
(1) H2O -> IT" +
(2) UF6 + 6Na
6NaF + U
He
(3) g8U H > 90
1 2
30p
(4) gAl +
15r
47. What is the primary result of a fission reaction?
(1) conversion of mass to energy
(2) conversion of energy to mass
(3) binding together of two heavy nuclei
(4) binding together of two light nuclei
48. Which nuclear equation represents a fusion
reaction?
W 92
on -»
(3) J4(
(4)}H + ; H ^ ' H e
43. Given the nuclear equation:
49. Which pair of nuclei can undergo a fusion
reaction?
What is particle Jf?
(1) potassium-40 and cadmium-113
(1) an alpha particle
(3) a deuteron
(2) zinc-64 and calcium-44
(2) a beta particle
(4) atriton
(3) uranium-238 and lead-208
(4) hydrogen-2 and hydrogen-3
44. Which reaction represents natural nuclear decay?
(l)H + +
H20
50. In the reaction:
(2)KC1O3
X + |H -> ^Li + ^He
45. What is the name of the process in which the
nucleus of an atom of one element is changed
into the nucleus of an atom of a different
element?
(1) decomposition
(3) substitution
(2) transmutation
(4) reduction
The nucleus represented by Xis
(1) ?Li
(2) ^°B
(3) fce
(4) J°C
1 . In the modern wave-mechanical model of the atom, the orbitals are regions of the most probable location of
1) protons
2) neutrons
3) electrons
4) positrons
2. Which electron configuration represents an atom of lithium in an excited state?
1) ls]2s]
2) Isl2s2
3) Is22sl
4) \s22s2
3. Which orbital notation represents a noble gas in the ground state?
1)
3)
1S2
2)
1s2
2s2
1s2
2s1
4)
1s2
2s2
4. The orbital notation of an atom in the ground state is
1s
2s
N H
Which atom is represented by this notation?
1) C
2) N
3) B
4) Be
5. What is the electron configuration of a Mn atom in the ground state?
1) Is22s22p63s2
2) Is22s22p63s23p63d54s2
3) Is22s22p63s23p63d54sl4pl
4) Is22s22p63s23p63d7
6. What is the electron configuration of a fluoride ion (F~) in the ground state?
1) Is22s22p4
2) Is22s22p5
3)
4) Is22s22p7
1. Silicon dioxide (SiO2) and diamonds are best described as
1) molecular substances with coordinate covalent bonding
2) molecular substances with ionic bonding
3) network solids with covalent bonding
4) network solids with ionic bonding
8. A certain substance is a poor conductor of electricity and has a high melting point. This substance is most likely
1) C02
2) SiO2
3) C12
4) C6HI206
9. Which organic compound is a saturated hydrocarbon?
1) ethyne
2) ethene
10. Which formula represents an unsaturated hydrocarbon?
1) CH2CHC1
2) CH3CH2C1
3) ethanol
4) ethane
3) CH3CH2CH3
4) CH3CHCH2
11. Which formula represents propyne?
1) C3H4
2) C3H6
3) C5H8
4) C5H10
12. Which element has atoms that can bond with each other to form long chains or rings?
1) carbon
2) nitrogen
3) oxygen
4) fluorine
13. Which structural formula is incorrect!
D
M
2 )H
H —C—Cl
3)
H
\c
O
4)
H —C—OH
H/
H
H\C=C—C—H
V
\
H H
H
14. Organic compounds that are essentially non-polar and exhibit weak intermolecular forces have
1) low vapor pressure
3) high boiling points
2) low melting points
4) high electrical conductivity in solution
15. Given the structural formulas:
Formula A
H H
I I
H-C-C-OH
I I
H H
Formula B
Formula C
H
H
I
H-C-O-C-H
I
I
H
H
H O H
I
II I
H-C-C-C-H
I
I
H
H
Which two formulas represent compounds that are isomers of each other?
1) AandB
2) A and C
3) BandD
16. The three isomers of pentane have different
1) formula masses
2) molecular formulas
Formula D
H
I
H-C-C-C-H
I
I I
H H H
4) CandZ)
3) empirical formulas
4) structural formulas
17. Given the three organic structural formulas shown below:
H 0 H
I
If
i
H—C—C—C—H
H
O
II
H—C—C—OH
H
OHH
I I
H —- J
A
Which organic compound classes are represented by these structural formulas, as shown from left to right?
1) ester, organic acid, ketone
3) ketone, aldehyde, alcohol
2) ester, aldehyde, organic acid
4) ketone, organic acid, alcohol
18. Given the formulas of four organic compounds:
(a)
(b)
H H O
I
I II
H-C-C-C-H
(c)
H O H
I II I
H-C-C-C- •H
H H
H
H
H
H
H H
H O
H-C-C-C-OH
I I
H H
( d ) H-C-C-C-H
I
I I
H OHH
Which pair below contains an alcohol and an acid?
1) a and b
2) a and c
3) bandd
4) c and d
19. What is the IUPAC name for the compound that has the condensed structural formula CH3CH2CH2CHO?
1) butanal
2) butanol
3) propanal
4) propanol
20. What is the IUPAC name of the compound with the following structural formula?
H O H H
I
II
I
I
I
I
P — L/
p— o
p •—o
p—u
n
H —• o
I
H
1) propanone
H H
2) propanal
21. Which structural formula represents
1,1 -dibromopropane?
1)
H H
2)
n
H-C-C-H
H-C-C-H
Br Br
Br H
22. The compound CH3COOCH3 is classified as
1) an acid
2) an ester
3) butanone
3)
4) butanal
V H
H -_—Oo-i- - f>o-.
f\i
L/
4)
Br H
H
H-C-C-C-H
n
Br H
Br Br H
3) a hydrocarbon
4) an alcohol
3)
4)
H
23. Which structural formula represents an ether?
1)
H O
2)
H-C-C-H
I
H
H O
I II
H-C-C-OH
I
H
H
H
I
I
H-C-C-OH
1
H
I
H
H
I
H-C-O-C-H
I
I
H
24. Given the balanced equation for an organic reaction:
C2H2 + 2C12
C2H2C14
This reaction is best classified as
1) addition
2) esterification
3) fermentation
H
I
4) substitution
H
25. Given the equation:
C2H6+ C12 -> C2H5C1 + HC1
This reaction is best described as
1) addition involving a saturated hydrocarbon
2) addition involving an unsaturated hydrocarbon
3) substitution involving a saturated hydrocarbon
4) substitution involving an unsaturated hydrocarbon
26. The process of joining many small molecules into larger molecules is called
1) neutralization
2) polymerization
3) saponiflcation
4) substitution
27. Which compound will react with CH3COOH to form the ester methyl ethanoate?
1) CH3OCH3
2) CH3COCH3
3) CH3OH
4) CH3COOH
28. What are the two main products of a fermentation reaction?
1) ethanol and carbon dioxide
2) ethanol and water
3) sugar and carbon dioxide
4) sugar and water
29. When butane burns in an excess of oxygen, the principal products are
1) C0 2 andH 2 O
2) CO 2 andH 2
3) COandH 2 O
4) COandH 2
30. The hydrolysis of a fat by a base is called
1) saponiflcation
2) esterification
3) polymerization
4) neutralization
f j f ; oi /e r tr\r Key
1.
3
24.
3
47.
1
2.
4
25.
4
48.
4
3.
1
26.
1
49.
4
4.
4
27.
2
50.
3
5.
1
28.
1
6.
3
29.
1
7.
4
30.
2
8.
2
31.
4
9.
1
32.
4
10.
1
33.
3
11.
1
34.
3
12.
2
35.
1
13.
1
36.
4
14.
1
37.
4
15.
2
38.
2
16.
4
39.
1
17.
1
40.
1
18.
4
41.
4
19.
1
42.
4
20.
4
43.
1
21.
4
44.
3
22.
1
45.
2
23.
1
46.
2
Answer Key
midterm review orgo and electron conflgs [Jan 06,2011]
1.
3
30.
2.
2
3.
1
4.
4
5.
2
6.
3
7.
3
8.
2
9.
4
10.
4
11.
1
12.
1
13.
4_
14.
2_
15.
1
16.
4_
17.
4_
18.
3_
19.
I
20.
3_
21.
4_
22.
2_
23.
4_
24.
1
25.
3_
26.
2_
27.
3_
28.
L
29.
1