Unit 1 – human geography vocabulary
society
ethnic group
innovation
diffusion
cultural hearth
acculturation
dialect
religion
birthrate
fertility rate
mortality rate
infant mortality rate
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Unit 1 – human geography vocabulary
specific group that shares a language,
customs, and a common heritage
p 71
group that shares a geographic region, a
sense of identity, and a culture
p 71
spread of ideas, inventions, or patterns of
behavior
p 72
taking existing technology and resources
and creating something new to meet a need
p 72
occurs when a society changes because it
accepts or adopts an innovation
p 72
site of innovation from which basic ideas,
materials, and technology diffuse to many
cultures
p 72
a belief in a power(s) that is regarded as the
creator(s) and maintainer(s) of the universe;
beliefs and values that define how people
worship the divine being or forces, and how
they behave toward each other
p 75
changes in speech patterns related to class,
region, or other cultural changes
p 73
the average number of children a woman of
childbearing years would have in her
lifetime, if she had children at the current
rate for her country. Replacement rate is
2.1; current worldwide average is 3.0.
p 78
number of live births per thousand
population. World average is 22 per
thousand.
p 78
number of deaths among infants under age
one per thousand live births.
p 79
death rate, or the number of deaths per
thousand people.
p 79
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Unit 1 – human geography vocabulary
rate of natural increase
population pyramid
push-pull factors
population density
carrying capacity
state
nation
nation-state
democracy
monarchy
dictatorship
communism
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Unit 1 – human geography vocabulary
a graphic device that shows sex and age
distribution of a population.
p 79
the population growth rate, found by
subtracting the mortality rate from the
birthrate.
p 79
the average number of people who live in a
measurable area, which is determined by
dividing the number of people by the amount
of land they occupy (e.g. people per sq mi).
p 81
reasons for migrating – ones that cause
people to leave their homeland, or ones that
attract people to another location.
p 81
an independent unit that occupies a specific
territory and has full control of its internal
and external affairs. Sometimes “country” is
used to refer to a state.
p 83
number of organisms a piece of land can
support
p 82
a nation and a state that occupy the same
territory.
p 83
a group of people with a common culture
living in a territory and having a strong
sense of unity.
p 83
a type of government in which a ruling family
headed by a king or queen holds political
power and may or may not share the power
with citizen bodies.
p 83
a type of government in which citizens hold
political power, either directly, or through
elected representatives.
p 83
a type of government in which nearly all
political power and means of production are
held by the government in the name of the
people.
p 83
a type of government in which an individual
or group holds complete political power
p 83
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Unit 1 – human geography vocabulary
landlocked
urban geography
city
suburb
metropolitan area
urbanization
central business district
(CBD)
economy
economic system
command economy
market economy
natural resources
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Unit 1 – human geography vocabulary
study of how people use space in cities
p 87
country surrounded by other land with no
direct outlet to the sea
p 84
political units which touch the borders of the
central city or other suburbs that touch the
city
p 87
area with large population that is a center of
business and culture.
p 87
Process in which the number of cities and
their populations increase which result in
changes in lifestyle and/or standard of living.
p 88
city, its suburbs and exurbs linked together
economically to form a functional area
p 87
the production and exchange of goods and
services among a group of people.
p 91
core of a city that is based on commercial
activity.
p 89
Economy in which the production of goods
and services is planned and controlled by a
central administration or government .
p 91
the way people produce and exchange
goods and services
p 91
materials on or in the earth -- such as trees,
fish, or coal -- that have economic value
p 93
Economic system in which the quantity of
goods and services that should be produced
is determined by consumers and the laws of
supply and demand. Also called free
enterprise, or capitalism .
p 91
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Unit 1 – human geography vocabulary
infrastructure
per capita income
GNP
GDP
culture
traditional economy
mixed economy
standard of living
spatial diffusion
cultural convergence*
cultural divergence*
(*unit 5 vocabulary)
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(*unit 5 vocabulary)
Unit 1 – human geography vocabulary
average amount of money earned by each
person in a political unit; used to compare
economies
p 94
System of transportation, hospitals, schools,
sanitation, communications, water, etc. that
enable a country/city to function.
p 94
total value of goods and services produced
within a country in a given period of time.
p 95
measures the total value of all goods and
services produced by a country over a year
or other specified period of time.
p 94
Economic system in which goods and
services are produced by a family for their
personal consumption
P 91
total of knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors
shared by and passed on by the members of
a specific group
p 71
Level of development of a country based on
the quality of life enjoyed by its population
like income, life expectancy, etc.
Economic system which is a combination of
a command economy and a market
economy.
p 91
Process or practice that occurs when the
ideas, habits, skills, arts, and institutions of
one culture come in contact and interact with
those of another culture
Process by which an idea or innovation is
transmitted from one individual or group to
another from one place to another
Process of disassociating cultures or
protecting a culture from other influences
9/16/2009 - Smalley