MARITIME
Per Arild Aland
2014-03-19
SAFER, SMARTER, GREENER

Crane Safety in Marine Operations
DNV and GL Noble Denton joined forces in September 2013. We’ve drawn upon our proud heritages to create:
§ Greater technical expertise
§ Enhanced innovation capabilities
§ Extended global reach
§ An integrated service portfolio
DNV GL © 2013 2014-03-19

Crane Safety in Marine Operations
MAIN CHALLENGES & INDUSTRY TRENDS
§ Heavier loads to be handled
§ Better precision
§ Sub sea handling
§ More advanced & engineered lifts
§ Cold climate & arctic operations
§ Ports & terminal development
§ Personnel handling
§ Decommissioning projects
§ Offshore wind turbine installation
DNV GL © 2013 2014-03-19

Crane Safety in Marine Operations
RESULT
More and more advanced cranes and lifting systems are called for.
§ Increased complexity in
–
Operations
–
Maintenance
–
Planning and execution of lifting process
§ The need for transparency, traceability and predictability in the industry increased accordingly.
DNV GL © 2013 2014-03-19

Crane Safety in Marine Operations
IN TOTAL
To maintain sufficient risk management we need to qualify:
§ Lifting equipment
DNV GL Standard for Certification 2.22 – Lifting
Appliances
§ Lifting process
Rules for Planning and Execution of Marine
Operations
DNV GL RP-H103 Modelling and Analysis of marine
Operations
§ Crane driver & relevant personnel
Standard for Certification no. 3.402 – Maritime
Training Centres
Standard 2.14, Maritime Simulation Systems
DNV GL © 2013 2014-03-19

Crane Safety in Marine Operations
IN TOTAL
To maintain sufficient risk management we need to qualify:
DNV GL Standard for Certification 2.22 –
Lifting Appliances
§ Lifting process
Rules for Planning and Execution of Marine
Operations
DNV GL RP-H103 Modelling and Analysis of marine
Operations
§ Crane driver & relevant personnel
Standard for Certification no. 3.402 – Maritime
Training Centres
Standard 2.14, Maritime Simulation Systems
DNV GL © 2013 2014-03-19

Crane Safety in Marine Operations
Lack of visibility
Blind zones and poor sight
§ Boom tip camera (CCTV)
Lack of communication
Lack of communication between the crane operator and the other participants in the crane operation may lead to operational hazards.
§ Two-ways communicating system
§ Able to operate the communication system without moving his hands from the main control levers
DNV GL © 2013 2014-03-19

Crane Safety in Marine Operations
Fire prevention & detection
§ Preventive actions depending on hazardous area classification
§ Automatic acoustic alarm in case of detection of fire or explosive atmosphere
§ Consider automatic crane shut-down in case of fire detection
DNV GL © 2013 2014-03-19

Crane Safety in Marine Operations
Lack of braking capacity
May lead to falling load and falling boom
§ Fail-safe brakes - failure of the brake’s control system shall lead to automatic activation of the brake
§ Brake redundancy – 2 independent load paths to the winch drum in case of single gear transmission
§ Brake redundancy of at least 30% - by increasing the number of gear and brake sets at least 30% above required for multiple gear transmissions
DNV GL © 2013 2014-03-19

Crane Safety in Marine Operations
Lack of load holding capacity
Lack of load holding capacity due to missing hydraulic refilling or loss of hydraulic pressure, may lead to falling load or boom
§ Hydraulic system to be designed to maintain hydraulic refilling
§ Fitted with load holding valves on all main circuits protecting against unintended movements in case of hose rupture
DNV GL © 2013 2014-03-19

Crane Safety in Marine Operations
Crane movement outside operational limitations
Crane movements outside operational limits may lead to stress beyond the crane’s structural strength and to operational hazards.
§ Limit switches – i.e. anti two-block and crane boom’s upper limit protection
§ After activation of a limiting device, movement in the reverse direction - to a safer position - shall be possible
§ The hoisting and luffing winches shall be equipped with upper and lower limiters.
DNV GL © 2013 2014-03-19

Crane Safety in Marine Operations
Overload protection
Crane structure collapse:
–
Over-loading due to crane hook entangled to the supply boat or other moving objects
–
Load sucked to the seabed
–
Heave compensation not working properly, etc.
Overload protection system
§ AOPS – Automatic Overload Protection System
(areas with short wave characteristics)
§ MOPS – Manual Overload Protection System
§ When the AOPS or the MOPS is activated, the end stop at the winch drum (limiting the residual windings to minimum 3) shall be overridden, allowing the wire rope to be spooled completely off the drum.
DNV GL © 2013 2014-03-19

Crane Safety in Marine Operations
(AOPS -
Automatic Overload Protection System
)
Purpose:
Automatically reduces rope tension in case of severe overload during entanglement to supply vessel.
Function:
Operational for all hoists and reevings
Activates at overload/over-moment
Avoids significant damage
Deactivates brakes and maintain SWL tension
Pays out wire rope, if necessary
DNV GL © 2013 2014-03-19

Crane Safety in Marine Operations
(AOPS -
Automatic Overload Protection System
)
Hook load
AOPS act.
SWL
Failure curves
Significant damage
Activation level
Response time
0
Winch pay- out
DNV GL © 2013 2014-03-19
Retaining force
Time

Crane Safety in Marine Operations
(MOPS –
Manual Overload Protection System
)
Purpose:
Manually release the wire rope/ load in case of entanglement, etc
Different type of systems:
• Hydraulic release with accumulators
• Electric(/ hydraulic release (push button)
Inspection:
• Shall work in every situation regardless of power loss and activation of emergency stop
• Shall be protected against unintended use
• Shall maintain a rope tension of approx.
20% of SWL load.
• Shall be able to activate/ deactivate three times in succession be able for continuously activation for at least 5 minutes.
DNV GL © 2013 2014-03-19

Crane Safety in Marine Operations
Unintended and dangerous cargo movement
Unintended lifting gear/cargo movements may lead to hazardous situations for personnel involved in crane operations
§ Constant Tension (CT) may be applied
§ Warning horn, etc to alert crew involved in lifting operation
DNV GL © 2013 2014-03-19

Constant tension
Purpose:
Give the crane driver better control when lifting loads in heavy seas.
Systems:
• Hydraulic pressure valves pre-sets tension in the hydraulic winch maintaining constant tension in the wire rope.
• Load are being lifted when the system is deactivated.
DNV GL © 2013 2014-03-19

Crane Safety in Marine Operations
Dangerous crane movement
Dangerous crane movements or unintentional crane movements due to malfunction in the crane’s control system may lead to operational risks.
§ Manually operated emergency stop
§ Progressive and safe activation of the brakes
§ Warning/alarm notifying the operator that the emergency stop has been activated
§ The emergency stop command shall override all other commands except the MOPS
DNV GL © 2013 2014-03-19

Crane Safety in Marine Operations
Black-out / shutdown of power
Blackout/shutdown may lead to crane stop with the load in unfavourable and unsafe position.
§ Shut-down shall lead to automatic application of the brakes
§ Facilities for emergency operation to bring the crane & load to safe condition, shall be provided by means of an independent standby system.
DNV GL © 2013 2014-03-19

Crane Safety in Marine Operations
PERSONNEL HANDLING
§ Intended for lifting of persons with
ordinary crane arrangement, not for man riding winches
§ Rated capacity below 50% of ordinary
SWL
§ Operational independent secondary
brakes
§ Manual key selection switch (mode) for lifting of persons
§ Operational limitations with respect to wind, wave height and visibility.
§ Minimum SF for loose gear at 8
DNV GL © 2013 2014-03-19

Crane Safety in Marine Operations
PERSONNEL HANDLING
Except for emergency operations, the operational limitations for lifting of personnel shall be as follows:
§ Mean wind velocity: 10 m/s
§ Significant wave height: 2 m
§ Visibility: Daylight or equivalent.
DNV GL © 2013 2014-03-19

Crane Safety in Marine Operations
DNV GL Joint Industry Projects
§ Cranes and lifting appliances intended for subsea lifting operations
§ Certification of deep water installation systems – fibre ropes
§ Steel wire ropes in operation
DNV GL © 2013 2014-03-19

Final Thoughts
DNV GL © 2013 2014-03-19
“It is likely that something unlikely will occur”
(Aristoteles)
“Chance favours the prepared mind”
(Louis Pasteur)

Per Arild Aland per.arild.aland@dnvgl.com
+1 281 396 1920 www.dnvgl.com
SAFER, SMARTER, GREENER
24 DNV GL © 2013 2014-03-19