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U N I D A D 2 E T A P A 2
OBJECTIVE
To learn the present perfect subjunctive.
STEP 1
Place these tiles on an overhead projector.
haber
HAYA HAYAMOS
HAYAS HAYÁIS + past participle
HAYAN HAYAN
ESTÁ BIEN QUE HAYAS VISITADO A TU HERMANO.
ES POSIBLE QUE YA HAYÁIS RECIBIDO LA LLAMADA.
NO CREO QUE HAYAMOS COMETIDO UN ERROR.
Say
Ask
The present perfect subjunctive is formed by using the subjunctive of the auxiliary verb haber plus the past participle of the main verb. It is used to express similar subjunctive actions that have been done in the past and yet still have an impact on the present.
You use this tense to share your opinions or emotions about things someone has already done. Unlike the subjunctive proper that projects itself towards the future, the present perfect subjunctive refers to actions possibly done or not done in the past.
How do you form the past participle needed to complete this tense? (The past participle is formed by taking the infinitive and adding the regular past participle endings -ado and -ido.
Irregular participles have to be memorized.)
Unidad 2 Etapa 2 15

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OBJECTIVE
To learn the irregular subjunctive of the verb haber .
STEP 3
Change these tiles as follows.
infinitive 3rd person singular
HABER HAY subjunctive
+ A
+ AS
+
AMOS
Say
Ask
As you can see, the verb haber changes drastically even in the indicative yo form. However, like most subjunctive forms, the endings remain similar in that they all are -a endings generally found in -er/-ir verbs. Keep in mind that there is another indicative form for the verb haber . The form hay exists only in the third person, but it is used both for singular and plural objects.
The English equivalent is there is/there are . This indicative form, though rarely associated with the auxiliary forms, has a spelling that resembles the subjunctive form. The change is minimal: hay/haya .
Can you think of another verb that has similar subjunctive form?
(The verb ir has exactly the same subjunctive endings as the verb haber . However, the yo form of ir is voy , which is a similar spelling to the subjunctive vaya .)
16 Visual Grammar
™
Instruction Book

ee03wt-OHT 17/4/03 10:25 am Page 17
OBJECTIVE
To learn how to use the present perfect subjunctive with object or reflexive pronouns.
STEP 3
Place these tiles on an overhead projector.
ES BUENO QUE LA
→
ES POSIBLE QUE AÚN NO
HAYÁIS VISITADO.
SE
→
LO
→
HAYA ENVIADO.
Say
Ask
When reflexive and object pronouns are part of the verb construction they go before the conjugated form of haber.
What do you notice about double object pronouns? (Double object pronouns follow the same order as in other verb constructions. Indirect objects go first, then the direct object pronouns, followed by the conjugated form of the auxiliary haber, and finally the past participle of the main verb.)
Summarize The present perfect subjunctive is a very useful verb form because it expresses opinions or emotions about actions possibly done or possibly not done in the past. Unlike the subjunctive proper, which projects itself towards the future, the present perfect subjunctive refers to the past.
Unidad 2 Etapa 2 17