Name______________________________________________period______AP chemistry
organic chemistry
1. For each of the following straight-chain alkanes draw the structural formula and give the condensed structural formula
a. heptane
b. nonane
c. propane
CH3 -CH2 -CH2 -CH2 -CH2 -CH2 -CH3
CH3 -CH2 -CH2 -CH2 -CH2 -CH2 -CH2 -CH2 -CH3
CH3 -CH2 -CH3
C7 H16
C9 H20
C3 H8
d. decane CH3 -CH2 -CH2 -CH2 -CH2 -CH2 -CH2 -CH2 -CH2 -CH3
C10 H22
2. What are structural isomers? What is the smallest alkane that has a structural isomer? Molecules with the same chemical
formulas but different organization of atoms; butane
3. What is a small chain of carbon atoms called when it is attached to a l onger chain of carbon atoms? substituents
4. To what does the root name for a branched hydrocarbon correspond? Number of carbon atoms in the longest chain
5. Which of the following formulas represent alkanes?
a. CH2
b. C2 H6
d. C7 H16
c. C5 H10
e. C9 H20
f. C13 H26
6. Write the molecular formula of an alkane that contains
(a) 12 C atoms C12 H26
(b)50 H atoms C24 H50
7. Draw the full structural formula for 3-ethyl-2,6,6-trimethylheptane
CH3
CH3
CH3 -CH-CH-CH2 -CH2 -C-CH3
CH2 CH3
CH3
8. Give the IUPAC name for each of the following alkanes.
a. 3,3-diethyl-4-methylhexane
b. 3-ethyl-5-propyloctane
9. Draw all of the possible non-cyclic structural isomers of C5 H10 . Name each compound.
pentane, 2-methylbutane,
2,2-dimethylpropane
10. Identify the functional groups in each of the following compounds:
a. carboxylic acid
b. ester
c. alcohol
11. Name the compounds below. Are they considered to be isomers?
1-butene and cis 2-butene; yes
12. Which compound has the lowest boiling point?
a. CH3 CH2 CH(CH3 )CH3
b. CH3 CH2 CH2 CH3
c. CH3 CH2 OCH2 CH3
13. What type of reaction does the equation below represent?
CH2 =CH2 + Br2  BrCH2 CH2 Br
a. substitution
b. condensation
c. reduction
d. addition
14. What is the IUPAC name for CH3 CH2 CH(CH3 )2?
a. 1,1-dimethylpropane
b. 2-methylbutane
c. isopentane
d. ethyldimethylmethane
15. Which formulas represent butane or its isomer?
I CH3 (CH2 )2 CH3?
II CH3 CH(CH3 )CH3
16.
a. I and II only
b. I and III only
a. i
b. i. octane
ii. 3-ethylhexane
III (CH3 )3 CH
c. II and III only
d. I, II and III
17. d
18. d
19.
a. C4 H10 + O2  CO2 + H2 O
b. C8 H18 + O2  CO2 + H2 O
c. CH3 COOH + CH3 CH2 CH2 OH  CH3 COOCH2 CH2 CH3 + H2 O
d. CH3 CH2 OH + CH3 CH2 CH2 CH2 OH  CH3 CH2 OCH2 CH2 CH2 CH3
20.
a. H-C=C-H
b. ethyne; triple bonds are shorter then single bonds
c. i. trignonal planar
ii. tetrahedral
d. false; when ethanol boils, the covalent bonds do not break. The energy would go towards breaking the hydrogen bonds
therefore breaking the molecules apart.
e. ethane is nonpolar. All dipoles cancel out.
21.
a.NH3 + CH3 COOH  NH4 + + CH3 COO-
NH3 (base) and NH4 + (acid)
CH3COOH (acid) and CH3COO- (base)
b. OH- + CH3 COOH  H2 O + CH3 COO-
less than 7. The salt of a weak acid (CH3COO-) is basic in solution
d. BaO + H2 O  Ba2+ + 2OH-
basic. Metal oxides form basic compounds in water
e. CaO + CO2  CaCO3
a synthesis (or combinations) reaction
q. Cu2+ + S2-  CuS
the chloride ion and the sodium ion
r. Mn 2+ + S2-  MnS
MnS
k. OH- + Al(OH)3  [Al(OH)6 ]3-
Al3+
z. 2Al + 3Cu 2+  2Al3+ + 3Cu
the aluminum dissolves, the color of the blue solution fades and copper
precipitates
aa. 3Cl2 + 2Fe  2FeCl3
a synthesis reaction (or a redox)
bb. 3 Mg + N2  Mg 3 N2
Mg goes from zero to +2
jj. SO2 + CaO  CaSO3
calcium sulfite