HELP! IT’S HOMEWORK TIME PARENT HANDBOOK Homework Habits Create Success This handbook cannot be reproduced in whole or in part without written permission. South Slave Divisional Education Council P.O. Box 819, Fort Smith, NT, Canada, X0E 0P0 www.ssdec.nt.ca Acknowledgements The South Slave Divisional Education Council (SSDEC) commends the following Homework and Study Skills Committee members for their long hours of work in the development of this Parent Homework Handbook: Iona Neumeier South Slave Divisional Education Council Marnie Villeneuve Paul William Kaeser High School Lora Sinclair Joseph Burr Tyrrell Elementary School The SSDEC acknowledges the support of the other committee members for the development of this handbook: Sue Warren Princess Alexandra School Virginia English Lutsel K’e Dene School Nancy Makepeace Chief Sunrise Education Centre Jennifer Rosendahl Diamond Jenness Secondary School Liz Buckley Harry Camsell School (K-3) Laura Boucher Deninu School The SSDEC also acknowledges the contribution of the Superintendent, Curtis Brown, for his advice and editing, and the committee members who developed the previous parent homework handbook, Creating Futures: How Parents and Families Can Assist With Homework. South Slave Divisional Education Council Homework and Study Skills Committee Table Of Contents Help! It’s Homework Time – Parent Handbook i “Education starts in the home; it’s not just something that happens at school...” (Richard Garcia – Founder, Colorado Statewide Parent Coalition) ii Help! It’s Homework Time – Parent Handbook Homework and Study Skills Initiative History Homework and study skills has been a regional priority since 2001, when South Slave principals identified homework completion and effective study skills as important to student success. In response, the South Slave Divisional Education Council (SSDEC) implemented the Homework and Study Skills Committee. This committee, made up of South Slave educators, meets occasionally during the year to implement, evaluate and update the initiatives to improve study skills instruction, homework completion rates, parental involvement and student achievement. Goals The focus of the Homework and Study Skills initiative is to improve the achievement of all students in the South Slave region by: • developing student study skills and habits; • clarifying homework expectations and increasing homework completion; • reinforcing student knowledge and skills acquisition; • strengthening the school/home communication and partnership; and • further involving parents in their children’s learning. Purpose of this Handbook This handbook is intended to help parents help their children develop the habits that students need to succeed in school and in life. These habits are the skills of managing time, organizing information and staying on task until the task is completed. Such skills are important for dealing with daily assignments, doing project work, meeting deadlines and taking tests. This handbook helps families to set the stage for successful learning and performance in school and in later life. Parents are their children’s first teachers. In fact, students spend less than 15% of their waking hours in school. Parents have a key role to play in helping students achieve to the best of their abilities. That means the home is the first place where students learn about having a positive attitude toward learning, setting high expectations and reaching goals. Help! It’s Homework Time – Parent Handbook Did you know... ...that a parent’s attitude toward learning is the greatest influence on how successful a student will be as a learner? What a family does is more important to student success than how much money a family makes or how much education a family has. 1 Definitions and Examples Homework What it is! What it does! • unfinished classwork and missed assignments; • studying for quizzes, tests and exams; • project work, or additional practice work assigned by the teacher; • problem-solving activities that takes place outside of the classroom; • learning experiences that involve parents and/or community members; • reviewing subject materials covered in class; • correcting errors made in quizzes and tests; • collecting information for and completing projects; • preparing for oral presentations; • independent reading; and • independent writing such as paragraphs, reports and essays. • • • • reinforces what has been learned; prepares students for new learning; enriches student learning; encourages time management and meeting deadlines; and • promotes organization and independence. “Perhaps the most valuable result of all education is the ability to make yourself do the thing that you have to do, when it ought to be done, whether you like it or not…” Thomas H. Huxley 2 Help! It’s Homework Time – Parent Handbook Study Skills What they are! What they do! • skills that help with acquiring, organizing, remembering and using information and ideas; • strategies that help with solving problems; • learning strategies that foster independent thinking, originality and new ways of interpreting information; and • methods to help remember and apply what is being learned. • encourage careful listening and reading; • promote the skills of keen observation and detailed examination; • make remembering and recalling information easier; • support logical thought and sequencing of ideas; and • develop the habit of applying the mind to any subject in order to acquire knowledge. Examples: • read over notes and highlight key concepts or keywords; • make up practice tests and write them; • make up questions for each topic and ask each question in three different ways; • draw diagrams that you have learned, label the parts and explain how the diagram works to someone else; • play a jeopardy game by using keywords as answers and making up questions for each of the keywords; • create and use flashcards; • create an ideas web for individual topics; • use graphic organizers to organize information and ideas; • become a student and have a classmate teach the information to you; and • become a teacher and teach someone else the information. Help! It’s Homework Time – Parent Handbook “A student who develops efficient study methods has in a true sense learned how to learn.” Kuethe 3 Working Together for Student Success (Roles and Responsibilities) The work that students do in class is very important. However, it would be a mistake to believe that nothing else is necessary for students to succeed. Evidence suggests that parents are critical in setting the stage for success in learning. Active parental involvement helps students to have more positive attitudes and behaviours. This leads to better attendance, improved performance in class, and students being more able to set and reach education, career and personal goals. One of the ways that schools communicate with the home about what is being learned is through homework and study tasks. Homework and study tasks show parents what their children need to know and how they are performing in relation to those expectations. Student Responsibilities • records all assignments and due dates in his/her student agenda daily; • ensures that s/he understands the homework assigned • discusses questions or concerns with the teacher; • shows agenda to parent daily and explains assignment and when it is due; • asks parent or calls a study buddy if help is needed; • completes all homework to the best of his/her ability; • meets assignment deadlines; • manages time and materials (e.g. borrowing a book from the library); • brings homework back to school on time; • shows parent completed homework and gets parent to sign off agenda for the day; • schedules homework/study time in the student timetable (see sample in Homework Timetable section of this handbook, and use the blank timetable in Appendix B); and • makes up missing assignments and tests best due to absence. “Education works when it’s a genuine partnership between the home and the school” Lucas and Smith, 2004 4 Help! It’s Homework Time – Parent Handbook Parent/Family Responsibilities • schedules time every evening for homework or study time in student timetable (see sample in Homework Timetable section of this handbook, and use the blank timetable in Appendix B); • provides a well-lit place for working (e.g. home, library, relative’s or friend’s place); • checks student agenda daily to see what has been assigned and what is due; • reads the assignment to check if the student has everything needed to complete the assignment; • makes sure the student understands what the assignment is asking him/ her to do; • monitors and encourages student progress and homework completion; • signs agenda when homework or study time has been completed; • communicates with the teacher(s) regularly throughout the year and when questions or concerns arise; and • establishes an appropriate balance between homework and other activities. What Can I Do if My Child Misses School? Regular attendance at school is critical to student success. When students are absent from school at times other than scheduled holidays, parents/guardians are encouraged to contact the teacher to see if there is anything the student can do to minimize disruption to learning. Depending on the course/class and the time of year, the teacher may be able to assign homework so that the child is able to keep up and does not require a great deal of catch up when he/she returns to school. For extended absences, it is in the best interest of the students for parents/ guardians to contact the teacher well in advance to discuss a possible homework plan. In addition to a homework plan, parents/guardians are encouraged to provide the student with literacy and numeracy activities such as daily journals, travel logs and reading. Adapted from: http://www.pickens.k12.sc.us/ eeeteachers/blackwed/homework_tips.htm Help! It’s Homework Time – Parent Handbook 5 Working Together for Student Success (Roles and Responsibilities) continued Teacher/School Responsibilities • teaches and assigns, monitors completion, and assesses student work; • ensures that the resources and materials required to complete the work are available and can be accessed by students; • makes clear how assignments will be evaluated; • checks to be sure that students understand what is expected; • gives students adequate time in class to work on assignments containing unfamiliar concepts; • assigns work that is linked to classroom activities and matches student ability, maturity level and attention span; • makes clear to students the relationship of homework assignments to class work; • regularly assigns homework, mainly Monday through Thursday (sometimes projects or special assignments may require work over the weekend); 6 • ensures that students write down homework, due dates and important directions about assignments in student agenda; • monitors to be sure that homework is completed and is done correctly; and • communicates with a parent if a child repeatedly fails to complete assignments. Adapted from: http://schools.monterey.k12.ca.us/~sbenanci/toro/general/hwguide.html Help! It’s Homework Time – Parent Handbook Our Initiatives Hugo the Homework Hero Hugo the Homework Hero, our mascot, is intended to inspire students and to show them that commitment, organization and effective work and study habits lead to academic achievement and success in adult life. Hugo’s motto is “Homework Habits Create Success.” Both Hugo and his motto are featured on regional initiatives and on incentives that are awarded for student agenda use and homework completion. Help! It’s Homework Time – Parent Handbook 7 Our Initiatives continued Student Agendas (K-12) At the beginning of the school year, each kindergarten to grade 12 student is given an agenda courtesy of the SSDEC Homework and Study Skills Initiative. The agenda is a daily planner for students and a communication tool between the home and the school: • It is important that each day, students write their homework and study assignments in their agendas. • It is important also that parents check the agenda every night and sign the daily entry. This allows the teacher, home and student to be organized and connected to each other. It allows all parties to value student, family and school life and the progress of each student. School events and extra-curricular activities can be recorded in the agenda as well. Students, parents and teachers can earn regional and in-school incentives for using the agenda for planning and communication. This is a sample agenda entry for a student with more than one teacher: • The student has recorded both homework assignments and other activities. • Teachers have initialed each academic entry to show that the homework is properly recorded. • The parent has initialed the agenda entry to indicate that he/she has checked if the homework has been done and, in this instance, has chosen to write a note to the teacher. 8 Help! It’s Homework Time – Parent Handbook Colour-coded Subject Organizers (K-9) In order to help students keep organized and successful, they are provided with four colour-coded duotangs (grades K-6) or four colour-coded binders (grades 7-9). The four colours identify the core subjects – Math (black), Science (red), Social Studies (blue) and Language Arts (green). Colour-coding also helps parents know in what subject areas their children have homework. For example, if you read in the student agenda that your son/daughter has homework in Social Studies, s/he should have brought home the blue duotang/binder. Colour-coding helps students to organize lessons and assignments more effectively and to locate subject materials more quickly, enabling them to stay on track throughout the school year. It is never too early to start good homework habits and foster positive attitudes toward homework. Help! It’s Homework Time – Parent Handbook 9 Our Initiatives continued Student Homework Bags and Read-along Books (Grades K-3) The Homework and Study Skills Committee provides reusable plastic homework bags to primary students from kindergarten to grade three to carry their student agenda and homework between home and school. In support of the regional Literacy Project, the Homework and Study Skills Committee also provides a read-along book to encourage families to read together. Even if your child does not have homework, get them into the regular habit by reading with them nightly. Research shows that the best predictors of elementary achievement are positive family participation in fun activities such as sharing books and talking about experiences. 10 Help! It’s Homework Time – Parent Handbook Homework and Study Skills Resources (in SSDEC Schools) Each school has a broad range of informative homework and study skills resources for staff, students and parents. Some of these resources are intended to help students learn how to organize their learning and how to study effectively. For example, resources for students include: • Starting Early with Study Skills – by Irvin, J. and Rose, E. (1995) • How To Do Homework Without Throwing Up – by Romain, T. (1997) • True or False? Tests Stink! – by Romain, T. and Verdick, E. (1999) • School Power: Study Skill Strategies for Succeeding in School – by Shay Schumm, J. (2001) Other resources provide parents with easy-to-use strategies to support student achievement in school. Examples of the resources available for parents are: • The School-savvy Parent: 365 Insider Tips to Help You Help Your Child – by Clark, R., Hawkins, D. and Vachon, B. (1999) • How to Help Your Child With Homework: Every Caring Parent’s Guide to Encouraging Good Study Habits and Ending the Homework Wars – by Radencich, M., and Shay Schumm, J. (1997) Contact the Homework and Study Skills Committee representative at your daughter’s/son’s school for access to these resources. Help! It’s Homework Time – Parent Handbook 11 How Do I Help My Child Succeed? (Tools and Resources) SSDEC Homework Guidelines The following are suggested guidelines for the amount of daily homework time that should be done to maximize the chance of a student’s success in school and in later life: Grades Suggested Daily Homework Time K–3 15 to 30 minutes/day 4–6 30 to 45 minutes/day 7–9 45 to 60 minutes/day 10 – 12 1 to 2 hours/day ** Weeknights (Sun., Mon., Tues., Wed., Thurs.) ** 12 Help! It’s Homework Time – Parent Handbook Homework Timetables Homework is a priority and needs to be taken seriously. Making time for learning gets easier once it becomes a pattern of behaviour that everyone in the family knows is expected. It is important to set a schedule, so that students can organize their afterschool times efficiently, setting times for homework, extra-curricular activities and friends. Once you set a schedule and stick to it, your daughter/son will get used to the idea that homework and study will be done no matter what. A homework schedule provides structure, consistency and routine – components of developing the habit of homework. Below is an example of a timetable for a junior high student: Time Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday 4:00-5:00 free time soccer practice Study hall homework soccer practice free time free time activities 5:00-6:00 chores dinner chores dinner chores free time activities 6:00-7:00 dinner Homework or Study dinner Homework or Study dinner dinner dinner 7:00-8:00 Homework or Study Recreation Centre free time Dance class Homework or Study Youth group free time 8:00-9:00 free time Recreation Centre free time Dance class free time Youth group free time 9:00-9:30 free time free time free time free time free time Youth group free time 9:30 bedtime bedtime bedtime bedtime bedtime free time free time A blank timetable is provided in Appendix B so that you and your daughter/son can copy, set and then post a homework schedule that takes into account activities in which s/he may be involved. Post the schedule in a place, such as on the refrigerator, that reminds both you and your daughter/son when it is time to do homework. Help! It’s Homework Time – Parent Handbook 13 How Do I Help My Child Succeed? (Tools and Resources) continued Parent General Homework Helper Checklist Questions To Ask Daily: Other Ways To Help: • Where is your student agenda? • Have you started today’s assignment? Finished it? • Is the assignment clear? (If not, call a study buddy or classmate.) • When is the assignment due? • Do you need special resources (e.g. a trip to the library or access to a computer)? • Do you need special supplies (e.g. graph paper or poster board)? • For an upcoming test or major project, would it help to write out the steps or make a schedule? (Break the assignment into manageable tasks, such as researching the topic, writing the first draft, etc. Schedule time for each task in the student agenda.) • Would a practice test be useful? • Would you like me to quiz you from your notes or old tests? • Be positive about homework. • Be sure that basic supplies, such as paper, pencils, pens, markers and ruler are available. • Look over the homework, but don’t do the work! (Remember, it is not your homework.) • Eliminate distractions that interfere with doing homework. • If necessary, read the homework directions together and discuss what needs to be done. • If your daughter/son does not know how to organize the homework, write out a “to do” list; check off the homework tasks as they are done. • Get to know the teachers early in the year and find out about their homework expectations. • Review teacher comments on returned homework assignments and discuss them. • Observe your daughter’s/son’s learning style. • Establish reasonable consequences at home for missed homework assignments. • Be available to help your child review for tests. • Show interest and congratulate your son/daughter on a job well done. Adapted from: http://www.njea.org/FamilyCircle/QuestionsAboutHomeworkPrintable.asp http://www.nea.org/parents/homework.html Adapted from: http://www.fcps.k12.va.us/CubRunES/guidance/relievinghomework.htm: http://familyeducation.com/article/0,1120,24-9358,00.html?relinks http://www.nea.org/parents/homework.html 14 Help! It’s Homework Time – Parent Handbook Parent and Student Nightly Homework Checklist P S Bring homework to “Homework Spot”. Review agenda and homework. Complete assignments. Check work together. Make any comments in the agenda and complete any parent forms that need to be returned to the school. Sign agenda. Pack up signed agenda and work for school the next day. Key: P = PARENT Check Box S = STUDENT Check Box Adapted from: http://www.vineland.org/winslow/about/wps_nightly_homework_checklist.pdf Help! It’s Homework Time – Parent Handbook 15 How Do I Help My Child Succeed? (Tools and Resources) continued Web Sites for Homework Help The following homework and study skills web sites contain a wealth of information, resources and homework tips, and they are just a mouse click away: General Homework Spot www.homeworkspot.com Provides information and resources for parents and for students of all ages and is easy to navigate as individual sections are presented for elementary, middle and high school students. How to Study www.how-to-study.com Designed for elementary, middle and high school students, and provides valuable information on preparing how to study and improving listening and reading skills. Elementary Kids Hub www.kidshub.org A free online interactive learning centre for elementary school students. It features fun educational games, puzzles and quizzes. 16 Middle School Fact Monster Homework Centre www.factmonster.com/homework Provides a wide variety of resources for students. From subject specific resources (Science, Math and Social Studies) to information on improving writing and study skills. Factmonster has every student’s tools for school. BJ Pinchbeck’s Homework Helper http://school.discovery.com/ homeworkhelp/bjpinchbeck/ Created by 17-year-old BJ Pinchbeck, this site provides students with access to over 700 links that help with homework ranging from subjects such as art to computer science and English. High School High School Hub www.highschoolhub.org Is a free online interactive learning centre for high school students that features subject guides for English, foreign languages, math, science and social studies. Help! It’s Homework Time – Parent Handbook Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) 1. Why is checking my child’s daily agenda and signing it every day so important? 4. Why does my child seem to have a lot more homework than I ever did when I was going to school? Agendas help students to be more organized and are an essential communication tool between home and school. By consistently signing parents demonstrate interest in what is happening at school, know what the school expects, and develops a relationship with their children’s teachers. 2. How will doing homework really make a difference in my child’s grade? Our committee’s survey shows that on average: • Students who did homework more than 80% of the time – 97% achieved curriculum outcomes for the grade; and • Students who did homework less than 50% of the time – only 31% achieved curriculum outcomes for the grade. Being promoted to the next grade is dependent on achieving the curricular outcomes for the current grade. Teachers have indicated that, even if courses are difficult, students who complete homework regularly pass. There may be a couple of reasons for this.Your child may not be working efficiently during class time, resulting in more work for him/her to complete at home. It is probably true that current curricular requirements are more challenging than in the past due to the rapid increase in the world’s knowledge and technology base, and the related public pressure for quality education and accountability. 5. How do I make sure my child gets his/her assignments done and still has time to take part in other activities? 3. My son/daughter seems to have little or no homework.What do I do? Work with your child to develop a homework schedule (see the blank timetable sample in Appendix B), using the example of the timetable also provided in this handbook. Prioritize their homework and other important activities. It is essential that your child understands that their education is important and that getting schoolwork done will be a priority in your home. Most students cannot be in every activity offered and still get their homework done properly, so it will be important for you to help your child make choices about the number of activities in which s/he will participate. Check your child’s agenda daily to see if homework is being assigned. Contact the teacher about your concern. It may simply be that your child is very efficient with his/her classwork and/or is doing homework during school breaks and after school. Help! It’s Homework Time – Parent Handbook 17 How Do I Help My Child Succeed? (Tools and Resources) continued 6. How do I provide my child with appropriate space to do homework? What is important is that you find an environment that works for your child and family. For example, most students need a comfortable chair and table, and quiet, in order to work effectively. Some children, however, may work best with music playing quietly, or the television or people talking in the background. It might be that the best time for the homework to be done without interruption is before other family members have come home from work. If a quiet place in your home is not possible: • • • • 18 some schools have homework clubs, tutoring services, or library hours when and where students can work; community libraries are places where students can do homework and also access the Internet for research purposes; friendship centres may offer tutoring services; or the home of a relative or friend may be a good place to do homework and get extra help. 7. What if my child and I do not understand the homework assignment? If the teacher is available, contact him/her for clarification. If the teacher is unavailable, call a classmate. If your child is still unable to do her/his homework, please note the reason to the teacher in your child’s agenda. 8. What do I do when I feel my child has been working too long on an assignment and has not finished the homework? If your child has been working on an assignment for a period of time far beyond the suggested guidelines and is not making progress, let the teacher know by writing in the agenda how long your child has worked on the assignment. If working too long on assignments without making progress becomes a pattern, contact your child’s teacher. Together you and the teacher can find strategies to help your child work more effectively. 9. When I have concerns or problems about my child’s schoolwork, what do I do? Always contact your child’s teacher first, concerning homework or anything else. Help! It’s Homework Time – Parent Handbook References Cooper, H., 2001, The Battle Over Homework: Common Ground for Administrators, Teachers and Parents (Second Edition); CA: Corwin Press Inc. Lucas, B. and Smith, A., 2004, Help Your Child To Succeed:The Essential Guide for Parents; ON: Pembroke Publishers First Nations Education Steering Committee and the First Nations Schools Association, Gathering Strength: Education Reform 2001/2002 as downloaded from: http://www.fnesc.bc.ca/publications/pdf/gspfinalrptcopy20002001.pdf MOEC, 1989, Parent Involvement Programs in Education as downloaded from: http://www.unocoe.unomaha.edu/parent.htm#why Help! It’s Homework Time – Parent Handbook 19 Appendix A SSDEC Homework Policy HKB The South Slave Divisional Education Council believes that homework is a necessary part of the education program. To be successful in school and later life, students require appropriate study habits. Homework can also contribute to positive student attitudes relative to self-discipline and independent responsibility. Further, the motivation which comes from parent interest in children’s school work can be invaluable to the child. The use of homework should be used as a way of strengthening the partnership between home and school, developing appropriate study habits, and providing opportunities for learners to acquire new knowledge and to consolidate and reinforce learning in practical and meaningful ways. Study and the completion of homework is primarily the responsibility of the student, with the support and encouragement of parents and school staff. Each school principal shall establish homework expectations and procedures for their school considering the unique nature of their students, and the programs using the following guidelines: 20 1. The completion and extension of class assignments should guide the assignment of homework. 2. The assignment should take into account the age of the student, and the other demands placed on the students. 3. At the secondary level, co-operation among teachers involved, by way of homework schedule, should avoid uneven assigning of homework. 4. Suggested guidelines for daily homework are: • K-3 – 15 to 30 minutes/day - parent reading with child: shared reading; listening to child read; independent reading from Home Reading Program, public library or school materials in English, French and/or Aboriginal language; - on occasion, collecting materials for use in the classroom program; and - using day-to-day activities such as shopping list and food preparation to practice counting, calculating, arranging objects and amounts by size and shape, and estimating quantity. Help! It’s Homework Time – Parent Handbook • 4-6 – 30 to 45 minutes/day - parent reading with child: shared reading; listening to child read; independent reading from home, public library or school materials in English, French and/or Aboriginal language; - collecting materials for use in the classroom program; - completing unfinished classroom assignments/ project work/reflective journals; - reviewing an area of difficulty; - interpreting graphs, advertising claims, and working out unit costs from newspapers and other media; and - review and drill of number operations and troublesome spelling words • 7-9 – 45 to 60 minutes/day - assignments, reading, review, revision, writing, editing, organizing, studying for tests, working on on-going longterm projects and preparing for presentations; and - discussing examples of problem solving strategies in day-to-day work experiences. • 10-12 – 1 to 2 hours/day - assignments, reading, review, revision, writing, editing, organizing, studying for tests, working on on-going longterm projects and preparing for presentations; - discussing mathematics in relationship to applications in business and industry; and - explore career opportunities through making connections with family, friends and colleagues in the world of work. … five days a week. Students may need more or less time depending on assignment due dates, how quickly and fully they have completed assignments, and how well they have grasped facts and concepts. The level of student academic achievement is a key determining factor to guide students, teachers and parents in the amount of extra home practice and studying needed. References: Education Act 22(1), 117 Date: October 2002 Help! It’s Homework Time – Parent Handbook 21 Appendix B Sunday Blank Timetable Time Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Photocopy or cut out this page, fill in and post in your house where you and your son/daughter see it regularly. Help! It’s Homework Time – Parent Handbook 22