Biology 11
Kingdom Fungi
STUDY GUIDE
Fungi
Kingdom Fungi
Phylum Chytridiomycota (the first fungi)
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only aquatic phylum
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once classified as a protist
Phylum Zygomycota (common molds)
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Rhizopus stolonifer (bread mold)
Phylum Ascomycota (sac fungi)
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largest phylum
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Aspergillus
Phylum Basidiomycota (club fungi)
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most “mushrooms”
Phylum Deuteromyctoa (imperfect fungi)
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sexual reproduction never observed
Vocabulary
20.1 Intro to Fungi
budding
conidia
fungi
fragmentation
ascocarp
chitin
spore
ascus
hyphae
sporophores
ascospores
mycelium
sporangiophores
basidiocarp
fruiting body
sporangium
basidia
septate hyphae
-mycota
basidiospores
aseptate hyphae
20.1 Diversity of Fungi
20.2 Ecology of Fungi
saphrophytic
stolons
lichen
decomposers
rhizoids
bioindicator
parasitic
gametangium
mycorrhiza
haustoria
zygospore
bioremediation
mutualistic
conidiophores
Key Points (see PLOs for more details)
MAIN IDEA: Fungi are unicellular or multicellular eukaryotic heterotrophs that are decomposers.
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Fungi produce hyphae that form a netlike mass called a mycelium
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There are three different methods by which fungi obtain food
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Fungi can reproduce asexually by budding, fragmentation, or producing spores
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Most fungi can reproduce sexually
MAIN IDEA: Fungi exhibit a broad range of diversity and are classified into four major phyla.
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Zygomycetes reproduce sexually by forming zygospores
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Ascomycetes produce ascospores within a saclike structure called an ascus during sexual reproduction
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Basidiomycetes produce basidiospores during sexual reproduction
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Sexual reproduction in phylum Deuteromycota has never been observed
MAIN IDEA: Lichens and mycorrhizae demonstrate important relationships between fungi and other organisms.
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Lichens are examples of mutualistic relationships between a fungus and an alga or cyanobacterium
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Mycorrhizae help plants obtain water and minerals by increasing the surface area of their roots
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Compounds obtained from fungi are used for a variety of medicines
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Many foods eaten by people are made from fungi
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Fungi can have an adverse effect on humans and plants
Possible Test Questions
1.
What are the three ways in which fungi obtain nutrients?
2.
What is the principle role fungi play in the environment?
3.
While most fungi are multicellular, name a unicellular fungi.
4.
How do the cell walls of fungi differ from plants?
5.
Name several characteristics of spores that make them an ideal adaptation for survival.
6.
Describe the structural unit of a mushroom.
7.
Distinguish between septate and aseptate hyphae. Use a diagram to support your answer.
8.
How do fungi form symbiotic relationships with other organisms?
9.
Distinguish between parasitic, mutualistic and saprophytic fungi.
10. In what ways are humans affected by fungi?
a.
Helpful (examples)
i. Yeast for bread and alcohol
ii. Genetic engineering
iii. Mushrooms for eating
b.
Harmful (examples)
i. Potato Blight
ii. Candida albicans
iii. Cordyceps lloydii