Study Guide- Bio 1124- Exam 2- Fungi, Plant Evolution, Invertebrates
1) Know basic characteristics about fungi, plants and inverts, including, but not limited to
domain and kingdom.
2) Explain extracellular digestion.
3) Compare and contrast plants and fungi and fungi and animals.
4) Know basic characteristics and examples of the three main fungi groups.
5) Describe the fungal symbionts (lichens and fungus roots). Why are these relationships
beneficial to both parties?
6) Describe the earth’s early environment. How did this environment affect the evolution
of life? How did it affect the evolution of LAND life?
7) Why were Urey and Miller important? Describe their experiment.
8) What were some basic characteristics of the very first cells on earth?
9) Why and how did photosynthetic cells evolve?
10) Why are vascular tissues beneficial to plants? (be able to distinguish between xylem
and phloem!)
11) Why is water the major evolutionary pressure for land plants?
12) Explain the function of roots, stems, leaves and guard cells.
13) What is a spore? What is a seed? How does the ability to make these benefit plants?
14) Know the basic plant life cycle like the back of your hand!
15) Know the basic characteristics of the four basic plant types and examples of each.
16) Know major characteristics of animals, including, but not limited to domain and
kingdom.
17) Know the major invertebrate phyla (Echinodermata, Porifera, etc) and basic examples
of each.
18) Understand the difference between ectoderm, endoderm and mesoderm. Where does
each form and what does each eventually become?
19) What are advantages to having a large body size?
20) Why are scientists so interested in the Choanoflagellates? What makes them similar
to animals?
21) Define radial symmetry, bilateral symmetry, polarity and cephalization.
22) Compare incomplete and complete digestive systems. Be able to give examples of
each.
23) Be able to fully explain the difference between protostomes and deuterostomes to a
non-science student. Give examples.
24) All deuterostomes are coelomates. Explain what this means. Be sure to include an
explanation of what a coelom is.
25) Know the basic parts of a sponge.
26) Be able to distinguish between the medusa and polyp body form and know examples
of animals that display each.
27) Explain how a nematocyst works.
28) Explain the tape worm life cycle to a non-science student.
29) Study your quizzes.
LAST QUIZ IS BELOW. CORRECT ANSWERS ARE IN BOLD. Good luck!!
Quiz- Evolution of Plants
1) Which of the following was NOT found in Earth’s early atmosphere?
a. methane b. water vapor
c. oxygen gas
d. carbon dioxide
2) Which of the following is the greatest evolutionary pressure for plants?
a. the need for oxygen gas
b. the need for space
c. the need for water
d. the need for sunlight
3) The first cells on earth were:
a. prokaryotic heterotrophs b. prokaryotic autotrophs
c. eukaryotic heterotrophs d. eukaryotic autotrophs
4) Which of the following was a reason that the first cells had to live in water?
a. the ozone layer had not yet been formed
b. to hydrate themselves
c. to get maximum radiation from the sun d. to be near other, similar cells
5) What is the function of guard cells?
a. transport of water from roots to leaves
b. to control the stomata and manage gas exchange
c. to conduct photosynthesis
d. transport sugars from leaves to roots
6) Gametophytes make gametes that fuse and then “grow up” to be ____.
a. gametophytes
b. gametes c. sporophytes
d. spores
7) A seed is an embryo ____ that has been covered in nutritive tissues
a. sporophyte
b. gametophyte
c. spore
d. gamete
8) Which is a type of seedless, vascular plant?
a. moss
b. liverwort c. pine tree d. fern
9) True or false: All gymnosperms are vascular, but not all vascular plants are
gymnosperms.
a. true
b. false
10) MOST plants on earth are ___.
a. angiosperms
b. gymnosperms
c. Bryophytes
d. Ginkophytes