Name_____________________________________ Date__________ Per___
Answer the
Questions
Problems in Russia that Led to Revolution
How was Russia
under Czarist
rule?
What was the
leading factor
that led to the
Russian
Revolution?
Russia had a tradition of oppressive rulers
– Organized violence against ____________
– Strict __________________ (including on private letters)
– Absolute authority
– Only Russian language was to be spoken
– Only worship the Russian Orthodox Church
– _______________________
Czar Nicholas II
• Succeed his father Alexander III as Czar in 1894
• He was committed to keeping ________ control over Russia.
• Married Czarina Alexandra
• Weak leadership
• Last of the Romanov’s
Catching up to the Industrialized World
• Nicholas II launched program aimed at building Russia’s ____________
• Became leading producer of ________________ in the world
Effects on the Workers
• Poor _________________conditions
• Low _________________
• Child labor
• Most were still________________
Who built the
longest single
railroad in the
world?
Who developed
the ideas for
communism?
What political
group did Lenin
lead?
Russia Industrializes
• Rapid industrialization changed the ________________________
• Factories _____________________ between 1863-1900
• Fourth leading ________________________ leader due to higher taxes on citizens and
foreign investors
• Trans-Siberian _______________________ links western and eastern Russia
(___________ in the world)
Angry Workers
• Workers (____________________) grew angry and often went on strike
• Ideas of Communism were developed by __________________________
– Bolsheviks led by ____________________________ pushed for revolution
Father of the Revolution- Lenin
• Leader of the ______________________
•
•
•
•
Very organized
_______________________________
_____________to western Europe to avoid arrest by the czarist regime
Maintained contact with the Bolsheviks
Problems Nicholas Faced
• Russo-Japanese defeat looked very bad.
• Bloody Sunday -Jan 1905, _________________ workers and their families
______________ the czars winter palace
-Wanted job __________________
-Nicholas ordered soldiers to __________in the crowd
-1,000+ _________________several hundred ______________
Why did the Czar
get rid of the
Duma?
Why did the royal
family put their
trust in Rasputin?
Results of Bloody Sunday
• Provoked a wave of ________________ and _____________
• October 1905 Nicholas promised more freedom
• Approved creation of _________________- Russia’s first parliament
•
Czar refused to share power and dissolved Duma after ___ weeks
Czarina left in charge
• 1915 Nicholas moved his headquarters to the ____________- hoped to rally troops
• His wife, Alexandra was left in charge of the ______________________
• She ignores czar’s chief advisors
• Puts all her trust in ________________ a self proclaimed holy man with magical powers
Rasputin- Miracle Healer
• Alexis suffered from hemophilia, a Blood disease, and was in constant pain
• __________________ eased his symptoms
Rasputin is Killed
• Alexandra gave Rasputin key political __________ to show gratitude for helping Alexis
• He opposed reform measures and gave his friends political positions
• 1916 a group of nobles _____________________ Rasputin
• Neither Nicholas or Alexandra proved capable of tackling these enormous problems
Revolution
• Nicholas soon _____________________.
• Strikes, revolts and protests led to the ____________________________ of 1917.
March Revolution
• Women who worked in factories in Petrograd (St. Petersburg) stood in line after a 12
hour shift to purchase insanely priced bread.
• ___________ women marched with the slogan “_______________ and _____________”
• The women were joined by other workers creating a _____________________________.
• Czar’s solution was to _____________ upon the crowds but the soldiers _____________
the movement instead!
What does
abdicate mean?
Czar abdicates
• 1917- Czar Nicholas is ____________________ to _______________ his throne
• In prison in the Winter Palace
End of the Romanovs
• Year later revolutionaries _____________________ Nicholas and his family
•
What did the
provisional
government want
to continue doing
(that was very
unpopular)?
March Revolution succeeded in bringing down the Czar yet it
_______________ to set up a strong ________________________ to
replace it
Provisional Government
• ____________________ government was established, headed by
Alexander Kerensky.
– Continued _______________ WWI
– ______________ idea _____________ support
Angry Peasants
• Demanded ________________
• City workers grew more _______________________
• _______________________ were formed local city councils consisting of workers,
peasants, and soldiers
• A political challenge erupted from local “Soviets”
• Later, this group became stronger and were labeled as “_______________________.”
Who sent Lenin
back to Russia?
Why did they
send him back?
Why did Czar
Nicholas II lose
his monarchy?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Lenin Returns to Russia
• German military leaders shipped Lenin to Russia from Switzerland by rail to
“_________________________________” within Russia.
• Germany arranged Lenin’s return to Russia after many years in exile
o April 1917: Traveled in a sealed _______________ boxcar
Bolsheviks reflects peoples needs and discontent
• Lenin revitalized slogans from the mad mother’s march to influence Russians
“________________,__________________,__________________”
• Nov. 1917- armed workers took control of government offices.
• Kerensky’s reign had _______________
Bolsheviks Seize Power
• A COUP WITHOUT BLOODSHED - ___________ takes over the provisional
government at the Winter Palace in St. Petersburg on November 6, 1917.
• Bolsheviks renamed themselves the ________________________ after Marxist ideas.
• Lenin had promised ___________________ so he signed the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
which took Russia _____________________________________
• ______________________ (secret police)- used terror tactics against enemies of
Bolshevism
Lenin’s hope
•
Lenin hoped that the Russian Revolution of 1917 would ________________ similar
socialist rebellions throughout _______________________
Civil War- 1918 to _____________
-_____________- Red army was associated with Bolshevik, communism and pro-________
VS
-______________- White army was associated with Anti-communism, loyal ______________,
and anti-Lenin form of Socialism
Who won the
Russian Civil
War?
Civil War Ends
• The fighting and __________________ that followed killed _________ million Russians
• Lenin’s Red Army ___________
• 1921 Lenin launched a new plan to rebuild the Russian __________________
– Allowed some __________________ ownership
• Changed the government to the _____________________________________
• By late1920s economy was back up
Star: Communist Party
Hammer: Workers
Sickle: Peasants
What was Lenin's
view on
communism
spreading?