Biology 2122 – Review/Objectives – Metabolism (Chapter 24)
Vocabulary:
 Metabolism; catabolism; anabolism; anaerobic and aerobic respiration; phosphorylation; oxidation; reduction;
dehydrogenases; coenzymes; NAD and FAD; glycolysis; pyruvic acid; acetyl CoA; decarboxylation; oxidative
phosphorylation; electrochemical gradient; chemiosmosis; glycogenesis; glycogenolysis; gluconeogenesis; betaoxidation; lipogenesis; lipolysis; oxaloacetic acid; deamination; transamination; ketogenesis; insulin; glucagon;
lipoproteins; nutrient; vitamin; fat-soluble and water-soluble vitamins; minerals;
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Distinguish between an anabolic and catabolic process.
Know the general characteristics of cellular respiration.
Know that metabolic pathways are enzyme mediated.
Distinguish between oxidation and reduction.
Know the role of coenzymes and phosphorylation in metabolic pathways and cellular respiration.
Know what happens when glucose is oxidized in the cell.
Know the role of dehydrogenases.
Distinguish between substrate-level and oxidative phosphorylation
Know how ATP is formed, by different pathways.
Know the steps and outcomes of glycolysis.
Know the steps and outcomes of the intermediate reaction.
Know the steps and outcomes of the Kreb’s cycle.
Know the steps and outcomes of oxidative phosphorylation.
Know how chemiosmosis works.
Know the steps and outcomes of lactic acid fermentation
Know how many net ATP are produced during:
 Glycolysis
 Intermediate Step
 Kreb’s cycle
 Oxidative phosphorylation
Distinguish between glycogenesis and glycogenolysis.
Know what occurs during gluconeogenesis
Know the steps and outcomes of lipid metabolism
 Triglyceride Metabolism
 Beta-oxidation
Distinguish between lipogenesis and lipolysis
Know what happens when carbohydrate levels become low
Know the events and outcomes of protein metabolism.
Distinguish between interconversions, Absorptive and post-absorptive states.
Know the following concerning insulin
 How and where it is produced
 Function in controlling blood glucose levels
 Role in glucose conversion
Know the following concerning glucagon
 How and where it is produced
 Functions
Know the following concerning cholesterol
 Contents, what it is made of
 How much comes from your diet, how much is made in your body
 Function in cells
Distinguish between the types of cholesterol (LDL and HDL)
 Know the functions of both
Know the normal levels of both LDL and HDL
Know how cholesterol is transported throughout the body.
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Study independent notes on Nutrition.