10. Describe three common types of network topologies?
Bus network consists of a single central cable, to which all computers and other devices connect. It is easier to
connect. It takes less cable. The greatest risk to a bus is that the bus itself might become inoperable. If this
happens, the network remains inoperative until the bus is back in working order.
Ring network each computer is connected to the network in a closed loop or ring. Each machine or computer has
a unique address that is used for identification purposes. The signal passes through each machine or computer
connected to the ring in one direction. Ring topologies typically utilize a token passing scheme, used to control
access to the network.
Star
In local area networks with a star topology, each network host is connected to a central hub. In contrast to the bus
topology, the star topology connects each node to the hub with a point-to-point connection. All traffic that
transverses the network passes through the central hub. The hub acts as a signal booster or repeater. The star
topology is considered the easiest topology to design and implement. An advantage of the star topology is the
simplicity of adding additional nodes. The primary disadvantage of the star topology is that the hub represents a
single point of failure.
11. Which of the network topologies is most suited to environments where devices may need to be added or
removed on a regular basis? Why?
Bus typology: one advantage of the bus network is that you can attach and detach computers and other devices
at any point on the bus without disturbing the rest of the network.
Star network: like a bus network, you can add and remove computers and devices to and from the network with
little or no disruption to the network.
Q12 What is an intranet? What benefits to organisations are there in setting up an intranet?
An intranet is an internal network within an organisation that uses Internet and web technologies. The benefits of
an intranet are that it allows restricted access to company information and facilitates communication by employees
working in groups. Accessing is usually fast since information does not need pass through a modem and loading
graphics and images becomes much quicker than on the Internet. Other benefits:

reduced paper usage

point-and-click technology – easy access to hyper-linked company documents

connection across different network platforms ( Microsoft windows, Macintosh and UNIX )
 dynamic information – can be updated more easily
Q13 Why do manufacturers of network hardware and software follow established standards?
The manufacturers of network hardware and software must design their products in accordance with the
appropriate standards to ensure that their devices can communicate with the network.
Q14 Briefly describe how an Ethernet network transmits data.
It is based on a bus topology, but Ethernet network can be wired in a star pattern. Ethernet allows personal
computers to contend for access to the network. Ethernet network uses cables to transmits data.
Q15 In what situations would the TCP/IP protocol be most useful?