Name _________________________
Chapter 4 – the triumph of industry 1865-1914
Chapter 4.1 – technology and industrial growth
As you read, record the causes and effects of industrialization on the chart below.
CAUSES
EVENT
EFFECTS
• Civil War
• Oil, kerosene, and gasoline industries
were created.
• Vast amount of Natural Resources
• Size of the workforce increased.
• Large number of immigrants
• Factories, railroads and mines created
new jobs and attracted foreign
investors.
• Entrepreneurs
• American-made goods became
cheaper than imported goods.
INDUSTRIALIZATION
• Protective tariffs
• Government gave railroads millions of
acres of free land.
• Businesses operated with minimal
government supervision.
• Laissez-faire policies
• Electricity, the telephone, steel
construction, and railroads were
developed.
• New inventions
• Mass Production
• Expanding railroads
• American goods dominated the world
market.
• Environmental damage.
Name _________________________
Chapter 4 – the triumph of industry 1865-1914
Chapter 4.2 – the rise of big business
Record supporting details about the rise of American big business on the chart below.
RISE OF BIG BUSINESS
CORPORATIONS
• Monopolies
• Cartels
DEBATES
• Small businesses bought up or squeezed out of
competition.
• Consumers paid high prices.
• Horizontal Integration
• Trusts
• Provided jobs.
• Benefited the nation’s economy.
• Vertical Integration
• Business leaders were philanthropists.
Name _________________________
Chapter 4 – the triumph of industry 1865-1914
Chapter 4.3 – the organized labor movement
Record the main ideas about the rise of organized labor.
LABOR UNIONS
ORGANIZE
WORKERS SUFFER
Long
Hours
AFL
Sweatshops
National
Trade
Unions
A LABOR
MOVEMENT
GROWS
Dangerous
Work
Knights of
Labor
STRIKES BREAK
OUT
Pullman
Strike
Haymarket
Riot
Homestead
Strike
Chapter 5 – IMMIGRATION & URBANIZATION 1865-1914
Chapter 5.1 – THE NEW IMMIGRANTS
As you read, record the main ideas of each section in the outline below.
I. New Immigrants Come to America
IV. Opportunities and challenges in America
A. Many were from southern and eastern Europe
A. Immigrants Assimilate into Society
B. Often unskilled, poor, Catholic or Jewish
1. Settled into ethnic neighborhoods
C. Settled in cities
2. Were encouraged to blend into society
II. Immigrants Decide to Leave Home
B. New Immigrants Face Hostility
A. Push Factors
1. Nativism
1. Famine
2. Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 passed
2. War
C. Immigrants Change America
B. Pull Factors
1. Fueled industrial growth
1. Inexpensive land
2. Elected politicians
2. Employment Opportunities
III. The Immigrant Experience
A. The Long Journey
1. Traveled in steerage
2. Often fell ill
B. Immigrants Arrive at American Ports
1. Arrived at Ellis Island or Angel Island
2. To stay, Immigrants had to be healthy and prove
They had money, a skill, or a sponsor
Chapter 5.2 – CITIES EXPAND AND CHANGE
Record the main ideas of this section in the flow chart below.
URBANIZATION
CITIES EXPAND AND CHANGE
TECHNOLOGY
• Manufacturing and transportation
centers in Northeast, Pacific coast,
and along waterways of Midwest.
• Electric trolleys
• Immigrants and rural Americans
attracted to cities.
• Subways
• Provided excitement and variety.
• Skyscrapers
PROBLEMS
• Demands for water, sewers, schools,
and safety in cities increased.
• Housing became overcrowded in
urban areas.
• Fires
• Crime
• Attracted by land and economic
opportunities.
• Safety elevator
• Provided a higher standard of living for • Electric cable cars
most.
• Ethnic and racial strife
• Gangs
Chapter 5.3 – SOCIAL AND CULTURAL TRENDS
Record the main ideas about this section in the table below.
CONSUMERISM
• More people worked for wages.
• More products were available and at
lower prices.
• Department stores opened.
• Mail-order businesses boomed.
• Customers bought brand-named
goods.
MASS CULTURE
• Transportation, advertising, and
communication made Americans more
alike in consumption patterns.
• Newspapers both reflected and helped
create mass culture.
• Literature and the arts flourished.
• Public education expanded rapidly,
and more people could read.
ENTERTAINMENT
• Urban areas became entertainment
centers.
• Clubs, music, halls, and sports venues
attracted crowds.
• Amusement parks were built close to
cities.
• Touring outdoor shows drew crowds.
• Religious-inspired entertainment
became popular.
• Vaudeville shows attracted audiences.
• Movie theaters introduced motion
pictures.
• Spectators sports became popular.
Chapter 7 – issues of the gilded age 1877-1900
Chapter 7.1 – segregation and social tensions
As you read, record the ways in which different groups challenged Reconstruction. ADD additional circles.
Women’s
Clubs
AFRICAN
AMERICANS
Fraternal
Organizations
Black
Newspapers
MEXICAN
AMERICANS
CHALLENGING
DISCRIMINATION
CHINESE
IMMIGRANTS
Challenged
federal courts
to secure rights
Practiced
guerrilla warfare
against railroads
& large ranchers
WOMEN
Fought for
Right to
Vote
Supported
Reform
Movements
Attended
Higher
Education
Chapter 7.2 – political and economic challenges
As you read, describe the issues that dominated national politics in the 1870s and 1880s.
I. Politics and Economics
A. Political Stalemate
B. Corruption in Politics
1. Political cartoonists point to corruption.
2. Spoils system runs government.
3. Civil service reforms make government better.
C. Economic Issues Challenge the Nation
1. Tariff policies debated.
2. Monetary policy.
A. Gold is basis of nation’s currency.
B. Coinage Act of 1873 first ends use of silver to coin money then reinstated it.
Chapter 7.3 – farmers and populism
As you read, list the reasons that farmers in the South and West felt the need to organize and the effects of their effort.
CAUSE
EVENT
• Falling Prices
• The Grange provided education on
new farming techniques and called for
regulation of railroads grain elevator
prices.
• The cost of business increased.
• Railroads and banks set high rates.
• Farmers had to mortgage farms to
survive.
• Dishonest merchants and landlords.
• Nation’s leaders didn’t seem to
represent them.
EFFECTS
FARMERS
ORGANIZE
• Illinois, Wisconsin and Minnesota
enacted laws setting maximum rates
for shipping freight and grain storage;
Supreme Court generally upheld these
laws.
• The government established the ICC.
• The Populist Party called for coinage
of free silver and demanded
government ownership of railroads.
• Farmer’s Alliances created
cooperatives to collectively sell crops
and called on government to create
postal banks for low-interest loans.
Chapter 8 – THE progressive era 1890 – 1920
Chapter 8.1 – the drive for reform
As you read, use the chart to fill in details about Progressivism.
PROGRESSIVISM
MUCKRAKERS
PROBLEMS
REFORMS
• Industrial Hazards
• Exposed conditions
• Factory laws
• Corrupt Governments
• Exposed political corruption
• Labor laws
• No right to vote for women
• Exposed abuses by big business
• Settlement houses
• Poor living conditions
• Called for better schools
• Improved education
• Monopolies
• Child labor laws
• Gap between rich and poor
• New forms of local government
• Utilities become public
• Direct primary
• Initiative
• Referendum
• Recall
Identify the causes
of Progressivism
and compare it to
Populism.
Political & Government
Targets – corrupt city
officials – Political
machines
Big Business
The middle class
wanted the government
to bust the trust and
give small businesses
a chance
Social Welfare
Reducing the gap
between the wealthy
and poor – better living
conditions, help
children, aid workers
Labor Conditions
Attacked harsh working
conditions for all
laborers.
Chapter 8.2 – women make progress
As you read, use the outline to capture the main ideas.
I. Women Expand Reforms
A. Hardships for women
1. Difficult and dangerous jobs outside the home
2. Easily abused by employers
B. Reformers Pushed For Rights
1. Women fought for a shorter workday
2. Florence Kelley and NCL fought for safe workplaces
C. Working For Reform At Home
1. Temperance movement opposed to alcohol
2. Margaret Sanger taught about birth control
3. Ida B. Wells tried to help African American families.
II. Women Fight for the Right to Vote
A. Carrie Chapman Catt Led Movement
1. Spoke out for NAWSA
2. Suffragists helped women get vote in several states.
B. Activists Pushed for Suffrage
1. Alice Paul formed National Woman’s Party
2. Protest marches and hunger strikes
C. The Nineteenth Amendment
1. Reformers supported World War I
2. Congress approved amendment; ratified in 1920
Chapter 8.3 – the struggle against discrimination
Outline the section’s main ideas and details.
I. The Struggle Against Discrimination
A. Progressivism Contradicts Itself
1. Settlement houses aid in Americanization of immigrants.
2. Immigrants’ use of alcohol alarms temperance supporters.
3. Scientific theories claim that dark-skinned people were less intelligent than whites.
4. Plessy v. Ferguson supports segregation.
B. Demands for Reform
1. Niagara Movement demands rights for African Americans.
2. NAACP forms.
3. Urban League helps poor urban black workers.
C. Prejudice and Protection
1. Anti-Defamation League forms to help Jews.
2. Mexican Americans form mutualistas to help themselves.
3. Native Americans’ land is sold.
4. Asian Americans encounter unfair laws.
Chapter 8.4 – Roosevelt’s squaRe deal
As you read, use the concept web below to record the main ideas.
Set aside 100
million acres
of forest
Created
“rational use”
plan for forests
ENVIRONMENTAL
POLICIES
National
Reclamation
Act controlled
water
ECONOMIC
POLICIES
ROOSEVELT’S
SQUARE DEAL
Passed food
inspection law
Broke apart
Trusts
Regulated
Railroads
Passed
medicine
regulation law
As you read, fill in the Venn diagram with similarities and differences between Roosevelt and Taft.
ROOSEVELT
• War Hero
• Reformer
• Wanted to protect
America’s wilderness
• Believed that government
should help people
TAFT
SIMILARITIES
• Preferred higher tariffs
• Trustbuster
• Believed that government should • Proposed an income tax
regulate business
• Republican
• Opposed some of Roosevelt’s
conservation policies
Chapter 8.5 – Wilson’s neW fReedom
As you read, use the concept web to record details from the section.
Regulated
Banks
Regulated
Businesses
Established
the Federal
Reserve
Bank
Started an
income tax
WILSON’S NEW
FREEDOM
Protected
Workers’
Rights
Lowered
Tariffs
Supported
Unions
Provided
Disability
pay
Chapter 9 – AN EMERGING WORLD POWER 1890-1917
Chapter 9.1 – THE ROOTS OF IMPERIALISM
As you read, use the concept web below filling in the key events that marked America’s first steps toward world power.
Build Large
Navy
Open Japan to
trade
Gain access to
other Pacific
Islands
FIRST STEPS
TO WORLD
POWER
Seward purchases
Alaska
Increase influence
In Latin America
Build
Pan-American
Highway
Annex
Hawaii
Chapter 9.2 – THE SPANISH-AMERICAN WAR
Note the causes, key events, and effects of the Spanish-American War.
CAUSE
SPANISH-AMERICAN WAR
• Cubans rebel against Spanish,
winning U.S. sympathy.
• Yellow Press inflames opinion
against Spain.
• Maine explodes.
• Dewey destroys Spanish fleet
• Filipino nationalists defeat the
Spanish army.
• United States Army wins in Cuba in
1898.
• United States occupies Puerto Rico.
EFFECT
• U.S. acquires Philippines
• Spain gives up control of Cuba,
Puerto Rico, and Guam.
• Debate occurs about imperialism.
• U.S. empire is greatly expanded.
Chapter 9.3 – The UNITED STATES AND EAST ASIA
As you read, use a timeline to trace events and developments in East Asia that tested America’s new global power.
1898
1899 – Filipino insurrection begins
1900 – U.S. issues Open Door Policy – 1900 - Boxer Rebellion in China
1901 – U.S. captures Aguinaldo
1904 – Russo-Japanese War starts
1905 – Russo-Japanese War settled
by President Roosevelt
“Gentlemen’s Agreement” – 1906 ---
1907 - Great White Fleet
demonstrates U.S.
power
WORLD POWER 1890-1917
Chapter 9.4 – THE UNITED STATES AND LATIN AMERICA
AMERICAN POLICY AFTER SPANISH-AMERICAN WAR
PUERTO RICO
CUBA
• Foraker Act establishes civil government in 1900.
• Treaty of Paris grants Cuban independence.
• Insular Cases address rights.
• United States Army withdraws in 1902.
• 1917 Jones-Shafroth Act grants more rights.
• Platt Amendment
ROOSEVELT
UNITED STATES FOREIGN POLICY
TAFT
WILSON
• Promoted “Big Stick” diplomacy
• Favored “Dollar Diplomacy”
• Pursued “Moral Diplomacy”
• Accepted challenge of international
leadership
• Opposed Sandino’s revolt in
Nicaragua
• Opposed Huerta in Mexico
• Supported rebellion in Panama
• Sent U.S. troops into Mexico
• Sent marines to Haiti
• Added Roosevelt corollary to
Monroe Doctrine