Chapter 9- Progressivism Takes Hold
Section 1: Theodore Roosevelt and the Modern Presidency
Roosevelt and McKinley- turn of the twentieth century
McKinley makes Roosevelt his VP
McKinley is assassinated 1901 – Roosevelt becomes President
Roosevelt
“Bully pulpit” –
Supports Progressive reform outwardly
Was more moderate in action – especially in business
Reversed the power in government
Becomes the first ‘modern President’
Managing natural resources
Conservation:
Newlands Reclamation Act
Settle competition between urban and rural people where?
Federal funds from the sale of public lands help to pay for?
US Forest Service formed
Gifford Pinchot-appointed head of department
Pinchot and Roosevelt agreed on resource management
-
Big business
Holding Company (new alternative to Monopolies, which are illegal)
“Trustbuster” –
Mines: 1902- miners on strike for better wages/conditions/etc
-they get higher wages and a shorter day, but lost their union recognition (owners against it)
-owners then raise coal prices to cover higher wages paid to workers
-Roosevelt tells public they got a “________________________”
-slogan for next presidential campaign
1906 – Meat Inspection Law and Pure Food and Drug Act
William Howard Taft
Roosevelt’s successor in 1908
Prosecuted twice as many trusts/holding companies as Roosevelt
Expanded National Forest
Established the Children’s Bureau-protect rights of children
Chapter 9 Section 2 Reading Guide
Questions:
How was Wilson brought up? What disadvantage did he overcome?
What was the ‘best model of government’ according to Wilson? Why?
How were senators chosen before the 17th amendment?
What were his accomplishments as governor?
1912 election: there were 4 candidates for president. Fill out the following chart:
Candidate
Party
Party platform/goals
Who were the front runners in the election of 1912?
What did they have in common?
What did they disagree on?
Describe Roosevelt’s New Nationalism.
Describe Wilson’s New Freedom
Who wins the election of 1912?
Why did Wilson present a bill to congress that would reduce tariffs? What is this bill called when it gets
passed?
How would the Federal Reserve System benefit the bank, people and economy?
Describe the Clayton Antitrust Act.
Describe the Federal Trade Commission and the reasoning behind creating it.
How did Wilson try to/and help workers?
Who are ‘common citizens’?
Who benefited during the progressive era? Who did not?
Section 3: Limits to Progressivism
African Americans and Equality
Poverty and Discrimination
2/3 of African Americans live in the South- _________________________________________
In North- still experience prejudice, segregation and job competition with new immigrants
Jim Crow Laws- ____________________________________________________
Plessy v. Ferguson -_____________________________________________________
Different responses to situation:
Booker T. Washington
W.E.B. Du Bois (co-founder of NAACP)
-
Whites were less directly threatened by Washington
-found far more favor among sympathetic whites
-was funding court cases against Jim Crow laws
-also helping with anti-lynching campaigns
Immigrants and the melting pot
Immigrants struggled to find their place in American society
Progressives do not seem to value the cultural diversity brought to America by immigrants
-in fact they see them as __________________________________
-Americanize the immigrants before they dilute the American culture
Negative response to immigration
Nativism:
Scientific evidence?? of racial inferiority – some support the idea of eugenics
Immigration restrictions
1880-__________________________________________________
1907-“gentlemen’s agreement”: ____________________________
1917-refused entry to immigrants over 16 who were ________________
Immigrants relied on each other for support and assistance
Workers and Radicals
Labor Unions-progressives understand the plight of the worker but scared of radical labor leaders
who opposed capitalism
Progressives agree with shorter days, minimum wage for women and prohibition of child labor
-do not agree with _______________________________________
Without unions, union leaders feared that the government reforms in business could be repealed
whenever
-______________________________________________________
Socialists
Distrust government the most
Socialists blame _____________________________ for the problems faced by workers
Progressives believed laws would solve the problems but socialists believed that
__________________________ would solve them
International Workers of the World (IWW)
Radical labor organization-went further then the socialists
Instead of running a candidate for office and fixing issues from the inside with the progressives,
they believed in ______________________________________________________