AP Human Geography / Mrs. Tweed, CHS AP Human Geography Syllabus Mrs. Tweed – Room 210 – Camas High School – Camas, WA hannelore.tweed@camas.wednet.edu Conference Period: 2:10-2:40 p.m. 360-833-5750, x 37210 BLOG: http://staff.camas.wednet.edu/blogs/ “This is not all that complicated: Give young people a context where they can translate a positive imagination into reality . . . and guess what? They usually don’t want to blow up the world. They usually want to be a part of it.” ~The World is Flat, Thomas L. Friedman, p. 459 Course Overview: AP Human Geography is for the exceptionally studious student who wishes to earn college credit in high school through a rigorous academic program. We will also be stressing habits of mind that will assist students in developing higher-level critical analysis. AP Human Geography is a year-long course that focuses on the distribution, processes, and effects of human populations on the planet. Units of study include population, migration, culture, language, religion, ethnicity, political geography, economic development, industry, agriculture, and urban geography, including resource issues. Emphasis is placed on geographic models and their applications. Case studies from around the globe are compared to the situation in both the United States and locally in Washington state. CD-ROM, videos, and Internet activities are used to explore certain topics. The course will be divided into two components: Cultural and Political; and Economic, which both align with the outline encouraged by the College Board. We will complete the first component in our first semester. The final unit will be completed during our second semester. This will leave room for review time before the national AP exam in May. Fall Semester Thinking Geographically Population Migration Folk and Popular Culture Language Religion Ethnicity Political Geography Spring Semester Development Agriculture Industry Services Urban Patterns Resource Issues 1 AP Human Geography / Mrs. Tweed, CHS Course Objectives: The College Board suggests the development of a skill set they term as AP “Habits of Mind”. My goal as a teacher is to provide meaningful instruction, activities, and projects that challenge students to develop these skill-based ways of interpreting AP Human Geography. Besides the Advanced Placement test in May, students will be given a variety of opportunities and options to practice and demonstrate their knowledge, growth, and learning towards the following skills and goals: Use evidence to construct and evaluate plausible arguments. Analyze point of view, context, and bias to interpret primary source documents. Assess issues of change and continuity over time. Understand diversity of interpretation arises from frame of reference. Connect global patterns over time and space to local developments. Compare reactions to global issues within and among societies. Use effective writing style. Ability to evaluate critically and to compare scholarly works Ability to synthesize data The ability to analyze, interpret, and respond to stimulus-based data including charts, graphs, maps, cartoons, and quotes. Course Materials: Main Textbooks (Atlas) Geography Alive! Palo Alto: Teacher’s Curriculum Institute, 2006. Princeton Review. Cracking the AP Human Geography Exam. 2010 ed. New York: Random House, Inc., 2010. Encourage each student to buy a copy. Rubenstein, James M. The Cultural Landscape: An Introduction to Human Geography. 10th ed. Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Prentice Hall, 2010. Steinberg, Philip and Kathleen Sheran-Morris. People in Places: A Documentary Case-Study Workbook. Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Prentice Hall, 2005. Outside Readings and Resources Used in the Course: de Blij, H. J., and Alexander B. Murphy. Human Geography: Culture, Society, and Space. 7th ed. New York: John Wiley, 2003. Fellman, Jerome, Arthur Getis, and Judith Getis. Human Geography: Landscape of Human Activities. 11th ed. Boston: WCB/McGraw-Hill, 2010. Friedman, Thomas L. The World is Flat: A Brief History of the Twenty-first Century. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2005. 2 AP Human Geography / Mrs. Tweed, CHS Human Geography: People, Place, and Change. Produced by Eleanor Morris. Narrated by Dane Hahn. South Burlington, VT: Annenberg/CPB Collection, 1996. DVD set. The Human Mosaic: A Cultural Approach to Human Geography, 11 ed. New York: W. H. Freeman and Company, 2010. Knox, Paul, and Sallie A. Marston. Human Geography: Places and Regions in Global Context, 5th ed. New York: Prentice Hall, 2010. Kuby, Michael, John Harner, and Patricia Gober. Human Geography in Action. 5th ed. New York: John Wiley, 2010. Kunstler, James Howard. The Geography of Nowhere: the Rise and Decline of America’s Man-made Landscape. New York: Touchstone, 1993. Population Growth. Washington, DC: Zero Population Growth, 1999. The Power of Place: Geography for the 21st Century series. Video. Santa Barbara: Annenberg/CPB Project, 1996. DVD set. Population Reference Bureau Population and Migration Teaching Modules. www.prb.org Reid, T.R. Confucius Lives Next Door: What Living in the East Teaches Us about Living in the West. New York: Vintage Books, 1999. Schlosser, Eric. Fast Food Nation: The Dark Side of the All-American Meal. New York: Perennial, 2002. Upfront Magazines, published monthly by New York Times ** Official College Board AP Human Geography Website” http://apcentral.collegeboard.com/apc/public/courses/teachers_corner/8154.html Basic Standards & Policies: To guarantee a successful year, students need to adhere to the following: Be Prompt: When the bell rings, be inside the classroom (class tardy/attendance policy in the CHS Student Handbook) Be Prepared: Come to class rested and ready to learn with your materials, supplies, and homework. Be Polite: Respect everyone’s personal rights, property, and opinion 3 AP Human Geography / Mrs. Tweed, CHS Be Attentive: Practice active listening skills when the teacher, visitors, or other students are addressing the class. Raise your hand if you wish to question or contribute. Be Cooperative: Cooperate with your teachers, CHS staff, principals, and classmates Be Responsible: Ask for help when you need it Keep track of your books and assignments Turn your work in on time Do your part in cooperative learning projects Challenge yourself to grow Accept responsibility for your grades and actions Supplies: Buy this invaluable resource for helping yourself review the AP Human Geography portion of the course: Princeton Review. Cracking the AP Human Geography Exam 2010. 1 large 3-hole binder for just AP Human Geography 18 dividers for 13 chapters + vocabulary + project guides – placed in binder 100 3x5 or 4x6 for vocabulary flashcards – optional Ruler 8 ½ x 11 college ruled notebook paper for activities 3.5” diskette or storage device (USB flash drive); please label with name CHS Format and Documentation Guidelines 2010/2011 from Mrs. Knapp, librarian. Homework Policy: Homework is a tool in the teaching and learning process when it has purpose and meaning as an extension of learning in the classroom. In my classroom, work may be completed outside of the normal school day for a number of reasons: Absence: to make up work missed during an excused absence Completion: to finish work not completed at school for which time has been given to do so in class Extension: to provide students with opportunities to transfer specific skills or concepts to new situations Practice: to help students master specific skills which have been presented in class Preparation: to help students prepare for the next step in a unit or study for a quiz or test Since this is an AP course, students should be expected to spend approximately 60-70 minutes of homework each night. This includes daily assigned reading, monthly ESPeN assignments, chapter reading quizzes, chapter vocabulary tests, 13 unit tests that mirror the AP May Test in re: to multiple choice and short essay responses, and a Semester I country project based on the first 8 chapters’ theme of their textbook due Fri., 1/7/2010. Submitting Course Work: 4 AP Human Geography / Mrs. Tweed, CHS Written Work: Outside written work, unless otherwise noted, must be typed double-spaced on 8 ½ x 11 paper with 1” margins. 12-point Times/Arial or another standard font is acceptable. Identifying information must be included on a cover page OR in the upper left margin (MLA with Name, Mrs. Tweed, AP Human Geography-Period 1 or 3, date (23 March 2011), title of assignment). If turned in digitally (Turnitin.com) files must be placed in the appropriate network/assignment folder with appropriate titles. Turnitin.com passwords for 2010/2011 are: Period 1: class name: AP Human Geography Period 1 class ID: 3324303 class password: tweed23 Period 5: class name: AP Human Geography Period 5 class ID: 3324306 class password: tweed23 Period 6: class name: AP Human Geography Period 6 In-class written work must be hand written on 8 ½ x 11 college ruled paper in black or dark blue ink. Indentifying information must be included on the first page in the left upper margin MLA style (name, teacher, course-period, date (23 March 2012), title of assignment. Students may re-write any written work that was initially completed outside of class for a revise grade. A rewrite conference is optional (unless otherwise noted) but strongly suggested. To receive credit, the original copy must be attached to the finial copy. The revised grade will be the average of the two scores. Readings: Students will be assigned a variety of readings each week. In order for us to make good use of our class time together, students will obviously need to complete these and related assignments prior to their due dates. Readings will come primarily from the main course text, but they may be assigned from additional sources. It is absolutely essential that students keep up with the weekly readings in this AP course. Grading Policy; A student’s letter grade is just one of the ways progress and learning in a subject is measured. Progress report and semester grades will reflect work done in the grading cycle. In accordance with the Camas High School grading policy, letter grades will be awarded using the standard grading scale in the CHS Student Handbook. Grades are based on work done in four weighted categories: Daily Homework, Projects, Participation: 30%. This category includes any papers, the Ambassador Project, worksheet homework, participation, and ESPeN chapter assignments (13 total over year). Any assignment covering multiple days or one assigned for completion out of class falls into this category. The bulk of homework assignments will come from weekly readings and notes 5 AP Human Geography / Mrs. Tweed, CHS students take at home, vocabulary, and extended writing tasks assigned for completion outside of class. Reading Quizzes: 30%. This category covers weekly reading assignments and quizzes for each Key Issue in a chapter. Understanding the text materials is measured by weekly quizzes and helps me encourage students to participate in study sessions after school if they are not performing well on weekly quizzes. Chapter /Unit Tests: 40%. This category covers the 13 chapter tests plus practice AP tests which mirror the May tests in multiple choice and short essay response. AP Incentive: If you take the AP Test and pass with a grade of three or better, your class grade will go up one grade, both semesters. If you score a five on the test, you automatically receive an “A” in the class, both semesters. However, you must have at least a 73% (C) in the class and all assignments turned in to qualify for the AP incentive. The AP Test will be your final for second semester. If you choose not to take the test, you will be given an in-class final of equal rigor that counts toward your grade @ 30% of the class grade. To help improve communication with home and empower students to be responsible for their academic progress, students and parents will have access to grades and class information online through the district grading system SKYWARD. Passwords and individual logons will be established and communicated in the first few weeks of school. Late Work/ Attendance Policy: I will state it simply; unexcused late work is not acceptable. As always, late work issues not specifically covered in this policy will arise due to family emergencies, extenuating circumstances, etc. Students should see me with any individual concerns they may have, preferable prior to due dates. Please make every effort to minimize unnecessary absences while taking an AP course. It is impossible to replace the learning situations and whole class activities students miss while out of the classroom. For specifics on the CHS attendance policy we adhere to, consult the student handbook. Please note the following: For each day of excused absence, one day is given to complete or make up work. Academic Honesty Policy: Plagiarism occurs when a person passes off someone else’s work as his or her own. This can range from failing to cite an author or source for ideas incorporated into a paper to handling in a paper or assignment copied completely or partially from the Internet or another person. A student is guilty of plagiarism when he or she presents another person’s intellectual property, consciously or not, as his or her own. For the purpose of this class, this would also include the academically dishonest practice of cheating on a test or stealing another person’s answers or work. 6 AP Human Geography / Mrs. Tweed, CHS Based on guidelines adopted by Camas High School, students caught plagiarizing or being academically dishonest will receive a zero/”0” for that assignment and a failing grade in the course until the assignment has been made up or original work has been submitted. To help promote a culture of academic honesty, we will use turnitin.com as a tool in our classroom. The class ID and password are included under Submitting Course Work p. 5 of syllabus. Closing Thoughts from Mrs. Tweed: For many students in this class, this will be their first experience with an AP class, thus a challenging and rewarding experience awaits them with the potential to earn future college credit. Due to the rigorous nature of the course, some students may initially earn grades lower than what they might have experienced in previous academic settings. It must be clear the AP portion of this course is designed to stretch students in ways similar or equivalent to what an entry level college human geography course would do. In order to colleges to agree to award credit for AP scores earned through a course of study while in high school, the college Board has outlined a challenging curriculum and provided for a rigorous assessment to meet the expectations of these institutions. Therefore, the content and materials are mature, reflecting the diversity of culture and geographical perspective of people and places on Earth that leads to the study of human geography. Please, if you find yourself struggling, look at it as an opportunity to grow and learn. Come and visit with me early so that we can figure out a successful course of action. Before unit tests, I offer study sessions after school as well as for several weeks before the May testing time. I look forward to working with you to create a positive and fascinating learning experience. Wishing you much success! Mrs. Tweed, 335-9982 P.S. Please keep checking my BLOG site as I have a letter to parents each week re: the week’s assignments plus copies of documents that students might need in case they are absent. If you have any questions or concerns, please e-mail or call me at home. I have read and understand the guidelines for AP Human Geography in Mrs. Tweed’s class. Due Friday, 9/16 for a grade. 7 AP Human Geography / Mrs. Tweed, CHS My student’s name is: ________________________________ Parent/Guardian name printed:__________________________ Parent/Guardian signature:_____________________________ Date signed:______________________ Contact information: Home phone #:_____________________________________ Cell phone #:_______________________________________ Work phone #:_____________________________________ Every weekend I send an e-mail to all parents, guardians, and students. The update includes documents to print as well as the week’s homework to print. It is imperative that I have accurate e-mail info below. PLEASE write/print carefully so that I enter the write address. Thank you. E-mail address:_____________________________________ E-mail address:_____________________________________ E-mail address:_____________________________________ E-mail address:_____________________________________ 8 AP Human Geography / Mrs. Tweed, CHS 9 AP Human Geography / Mrs. Tweed, CHS Course Outline—First Semester Unit One: Thinking Geographically Content Covered: 1. Traditions of geographic inquiry a. Spatial, man-land relationships, earth science, and aerial studies b. Ecological and historical perspectives c. Environmental determinism, possibilism 2. Tools of geographers a. Maps and globes b. Almanacs c. Cartograms d. Choropleth maps e. Geographic Information Systems (GIS) f. Internet, computer resources g. Indirect observation from photographs, slides, and videos h. Direct observation—field study of the local community 3. Map interpretation a. Attributes of maps b. Types of maps c. Topographic maps 4. Persuasive cartography a. Techniques of manipulation b. Propaganda maps 5. Basic concepts a. Types of regions: functional and formal b. Types of diffusion: hierarchical, stimulus, relocation, contagious Activities, Readings, Discussions, Analysis, and Assessments: Regional geography quizzes 10 AP Human Geography / Mrs. Tweed, CHS Summer reading discussion using Bloom’s taxonomy Guest speaker on GIS (Fort Vancouver) Rubenstein, “Thinking Geographically,” Chapter 1 Kuby, Chapter 1, “True Maps, False Impressions: Making, Manipulating, and Interpreting Maps,” and Chapter 3, “Tracking the AIDS Epidemic in the United States: Diffusion Through Space and Time” Collect data and create a choropleth map, with appropriate labels (TODALS) Analyze demographics, using Major League Baseball teams Handouts and online activities for key terms, such as “The X-Files” (Medical Geography) http://mage.geog.macalester.edu/APGeogdemo/Lessons/population/Be nson,_Jerry_and_Kim_Thurman/MedicalGeo.html Power of Place, Videos #1, #2, #17B Human Geography, Video #1 Chapter 1 Test Unit Two: Population and Migration Content Covered: Population 1. Patterns of population distribution a. Major population clusters b. Types of population density c. Early culture hearths d. Factors that influence distribution of population 2. Defining the characteristics of population a. interpreting population pyramids b. impact of growth and death rates on a country’s population c. interpreting the demographic transition model d. implications of the demographic transition model 3. Analyzing population change a. Demographic transition model b. Calculating the growth rate c. Zero population growth and its implications d. Negative population growth and its implication Migration 4. Key points a. Voluntary and involuntary migration 11 AP Human Geography / Mrs. Tweed, CHS b. Factors that influence migration c. Push-pull factors d. Outcomes of migration e. Guest workers f. Changes in the social landscape due to migration 5. Consequences of population pressure/change a. Environmental b. Human c. Geopolitical d. Negative population growth Activities, Readings, Discussions, Analysis, and Assessments: Population Online Activities in Lab/homework (PRB Online Activities) http://www.prb.org/Content/NavigationMenu/PRB/Educators/LessonP lans/Population_Fundamentals—Building_a_Foundation/Population— Building_a_Foundation.htm Rubenstein, Chapter 2, “Population” and Chapter 3, “Migration” Kuby, Chapter 5, “One Billion and Counting: The Hidden Momentum of Population Growth in India,” and Chapter 4, “Newton’s First Law of Migration: the Gravity Model” Development of population pyramids, utilizing provided data http://www.prb.org/Template.cfm?Section=LessonPlans&template=/Co ntentManagement/ContentDisplay.cfm&ContentID=5630 People in Places Reader, “Cultural and Economic Impacts of the Demographic Transition in Japan,” and “Immigration in North America and Western Europe” Handouts and online activities for population and migration: “Aging in the United States” http://www.prb.org/Template.cfm?Section=LessonPlans&template=/Co ntentManagement/ContentDisplay.cfm&ContentID=5629 and “People on the Move” http://www.prb.org/Template.cfm?Section=LessonPlans&template=/Co ntentManagement/ContentDisplay.cfm&ContentID=13998 Power of Place, Videos #16A, #17A, #19B, #21, and #22A Human Geography, Videos #6 and #8 Zero Population Growth video Chapters 2 & 3 Tests 12 AP Human Geography / Mrs. Tweed, CHS Unit Three: Folk/Popular Culture, Language, and Religion Content Covered: Folk and Popular Culture 1. Definition and characteristics of culture 2. How do social customs originate and diffuse? a. Origins of folk and popular customs b. Diffusion of folk and popular customs 3. What factors create unique folk regions? a. Isolation promotes cultural diversity b. Influence of the physical environment c. Folk housing 4. What factors influence the distribution of popular customs? a. Diffusion of popular housing, clothing, and food b. Sequent occupance c. Television and film 5. What problems result from worldwide convergence of popular customs? a. Threat to folk customs b. Environmental impact of popular customs Language 6. Spatial diffusion of language 7. Language hearths 8. Language families 9. Language diffusion 10. Language on the landscape 11. English a. Origin of English b. Dialects of English c. Difference between British and American English d. Dialects and pronunciation variation within America 12. Language policies in select countries Religions 13. Universalizing and ethnic religions a. Religious beliefs: Hinduism, Islam, Buddhism, Judaism, Christianity, animism, new-age religions b. Evidence of religion on the cultural landscape: buildings, economics 13 AP Human Geography / Mrs. Tweed, CHS c. How do religions organize space: events, sacred space, administration 14. Spatial distribution of the major world religions 15. Diffusion patterns of the major world religions 16. Territorial conflicts as a result of religion Activities, Readings, Discussions, Analysis, and Assessments: Rubenstein, Chapter 4, “Folk and Popular Culture,” Chapter 5, “Language,” and Chapter 6, “Religion” Kuby, Chapter 2, “Layers of Tradition: Culture Regions at Different Scales” People in Places Reader, “Civil Society, Social Movements, and Gender in South Asia,” “Language and Education Policy in Australia and New Zealand,” and “The Politics of Pilgrimages in the Sacred Spaces of Makkah and Jerusalem” Handouts and online activities for culture, language, and religion Religion/Language Diffusion Research Project Power of Place, Videos #14, #18, and #25 Human Geography, Video #2 Chapters 4, 5, & 6 Tests Film Analysis: Seven Years in Tibet Unit Four: Ethnicity and Political Geography Content Covered: Ethnicity 1. Where are ethnicities distributed? a. Regional b. Clusters in cities c. African American migration patterns d. Differentiating ethnicity and race e. Apartheid 2. Nationalism a. Role of ethnicity in political conflicts b. Civil wars and their causation c. Nation-states and self-determination d. Multinational states e. Stateless nations f. Unitary, federal, and regional states 14 AP Human Geography / Mrs. Tweed, CHS g. Ethnic cleansing Political Geography 3. Characteristics of a state 4. Borders and boundaries; state morphology 5. Centripetal and centrifugal forces within states 6. International and supranational organizations: UN, OPEC, NATO, EU, AU, etc. Activities, Readings, Discussions, Analysis, and Assessments: Rubenstein, Chapter 7, “Ethnicity,” and Chapter 8, “Political Geography” Kuby, Chapter 12, “Do Orange and Green Clash? Residential Segregation in Northern Ireland, ” and Chapter 13, “Breaking Up is Hard to Do: Nations, States, and Nation-states” People in Places Reader, “Nationalism and Self-Determination in Southwest and Central Asia,” and “European Union Expansion and the Struggle to Define the Eastern Limits of Europe” In-class EU literature scaffolding activity Handouts and online activities for ethnicity and political geography Power of Place, Videos #3, #4, #8A, #11A, #19A, #20A, and #24A Human Geography, Video #9 Chapters 7 & 8 Tests Film Analysis and Activities: Hotel Rwanda and Frontline: Ghosts of Rwanda Course Outline—Second Semester Unit Five: Economic Development, Agriculture, and Industry Content Covered: Development 1. Economic indicators of development a. More Developed Countries (MDCs) b. Less Developed Countries (LDCs) c. Human Development Index d. Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and Gross National Product (GNP) e. Core-Periphery Model/Wallerstein’s World Systems Theory 2. Different economic sectors 15 AP Human Geography / Mrs. Tweed, CHS a. Primary b. Secondary c. Tertiary d. Quartenary and Quintenary 3. Social Indicators of Development 4. Demographic Indicators of Development 5. How development varies among regions 6. How Development varies by gender a. Gender-Related Development Index (GDI) b. Gender Empowerment Measure (GEM) 7. How countries promote development a. International trade b. Self-sufficiency c. Transnational corporations d. Financing development e. Rostow’s Development Model f. Weber’s Least Cost Theory Agriculture 8. Origins of Agriculture a. How and where did agriculture start? b. Classifying agricultural regions c. Seed hearths d. Vegetative hearths e. Diffusion of agriculture 9. Agriculture in LDCs a. Shifting cultivation b. Pastoral nomadism c. Intensive subsistence agriculture 10. Agriculture in MDCs a. Characteristics of commercial agriculture b. Choosing crops for commercial agriculture c. Mixed crop and livestock farming d. Dairy farming e. Grain farming f. Livestock farming g. Mediterranean agriculture h. Commercial gardening and fruit farming i. Plantation agriculture (located in LDCs) 16 AP Human Geography / Mrs. Tweed, CHS 11. Issues for commercial farmers a. Application of von Thunen’s model b. Sustainable agriculture 12. Issues for subsistence farmers 13. Strategies to increase the food supply a. Expanding agricultural land—desertification b. Higher productivity—Green Revolution c. New foods and GMOs d. Application to Africa’s food supply crisis Industry 14. How did industrialization originate and diffuse? a. The Industrial Revolution b. Diffusion of the Industrial Revolution 15. How is industry distributed worldwide? a. Eastern North America b. Western Europe c. Eastern Europe and Russia d. Japan 16. What factors influence the choice of location for a factory? a. Situations factors b. Site factors c. Maquiladoras d. Basic vs. nonbasic industries e. Obstacles for optimal location 17. What industrial problems do countries face? a. Global perspective b. More developed countries c. Less developed countries 18. Look at NAFTA and other trading blocs Activities, Readings, Discussions, Analysis, and Assessments: Rubenstein, Chapter 9, “Development,” Chapter 10, “Agriculture,” and Chapter 11, “Industry” Kuby, Chapter 7, “Rags and Riches” The Dimensions of Development,” and Chapter 8, “Food for Thought: The Globalization of Agriculture,” and Chapter 6, “Help Wanted: The Changing Geography of Jobs” 17 AP Human Geography / Mrs. Tweed, CHS People in Places Reader, “Debt in South America,” “Genetically Modified Foods in Sub-Saharan Africa,” and “Export Processing Zones in East and Southeast Asia” Project: Selecting a site for a global company (modified NY Times Lesson Plan http://www.nytimes.com/learning/teachers/lessons/20050427wednes day.html) Handouts and online activities for development, agriculture, and industry, such as “Miracle Grain” http://mage.geog.macalester.edu/APGeogdemo/Lessons/agriculture/A ndersen,_KC_&_Kenith_Ijams/greenrevolution.html and agriculture classification worksheet Power of Place, Videos #5, #7, #9A, #10, #11B, #12A, #15, #16B, #22B, and #26B Human Geography, Videos #5 and #7 Chapters 9, 10, and 11 Tests Film Analysis and Activities: Guns, Germs, and Steel Unit Six: Services, Urbanization, and Resource Issues Content Covered: Settlement and Services 1. Where did services originate? 18 AP Human Geography / Mrs. Tweed, CHS a. Types of services b. Origin of services c. Services in rural settlements: clustered and dispersed d. Enclosure movement 2. Distribution of consumer services in a regular pattern a. Christaller’s Central Place Theory b. Market area c. Range d. Threshold e. Market-area analysis 3. Hierarchy of services and settlements a. rank-size b. primate cities c. World cities 4. Hierarchy of business services a. Command and control centers b. Dependent centers 5. Economic base of settlements 6. Services clustered downtown a. Central business district (CBD) b. American model c. European model d. Latin American model e. Activities excluded from the CBD 7. Suburbanization of services Urban Patterns 8. Growth of Urban Areas a. Urbanization b. Defining urban settlements c. Metropolitan Statistical Areas (MSAs) 9. Models of Urban Structure a. Burgess concentric zone model b. Hoyt sector model c. Harris-Ullman multiple nuclei model d. Geographic Application of the models 10. Models outside North America a. European Cities b. LDCs and colonial cities 19 AP Human Geography / Mrs. Tweed, CHS c. Squatter settlements 11. Inner city problems a. Physical problems: filtering and redlining b. Urban renewal c. Social problems: underclass and culture of poverty d. Economic problems: annexation 12. Edge cities 13. Neighborhood gentrification 14. Distinct problems of the suburbs a. Peripheral model b. Density gradient c. Suburban sprawl d. Suburban segregation e. Private and public transportation f. Government fragmentation g. Smart growth Resource Issues 15. Depletion of resources a. Energy resources b. Fossil fuels c. Renewable energy d. Nonrenewable energy e. Reserves f. World petroleum g. OPEC, 1970s 16. Nonrenewable substitutes for petroleum a. Natural gas b. Coal c. Nuclear energy—Chernobyl 17. Mineral resources a. Nonmetallic minerals b. Metallic minerals 18. Pollution of resources 19. Air pollution a. Global warming b. Ozone damage, CFCs 20. Water pollution a. Impact on aquatic life 20 AP Human Geography / Mrs. Tweed, CHS b. Wastewater and disease 21. Land pollution a. Solid waste b. Toxic pollutants 22. Reusable resources a. Solar energy b. Hydroelectric power c. Geothermal energy d. Biomass e. Nuclear fusion f. Recycling resources 23. Reducing strategies—coking 24. Conserving resources a. Sustainable development b. Biodiversity Activities, Readings, Discussions, Analysis, and Assessments: Rubenstein, Chapter 12, “Services,” Chapter 13, “Urban Patterns,” and Chapter 14, “Resource Issues” Kuby, Chapter 9, “Take Me Out to the Ball Game: Market Areas and the Urban Hierarchy,” Chapter 10, “Reading the Urban Landscape: Census Data and Field Observation,” Chapter 11, “The Disappearing Front Range: Urban Sprawl in Colorado,” and Chapter 14, “Preserving the Planet: Human Impact on Environmental Systems” People in Places Reader, “Tourism in Central America and the Caribbean,” “Primate Cities in North Africa,” and “Global Warming and Seal-Level Rise in Oceania” Culminating Project: Design an Ideal City Handouts and online activities for services, urbanization, and resource issues: http://www.prb.org/Content/NavigationMenu/PRB/Educators/LessonP lans/Populations_in_the_Path_of_Natural_Hazards/Islands_Facing_C hange.htm and http://www.prb.org/Content/NavigationMenu/PRB/Educators/LessonP lans/Populations_in_the_Path_of_Natural_Hazards/Living_on_the_E dge.htm Power of Place, Videos #6, #8B, #9A, #9B, #12B, #13, #18, #20B, #23, #24B, and 26A 21 AP Human Geography / Mrs. Tweed, CHS Human Geography, Videos #3, #4, and #10 Chapters 12, 13, and 14 Tests Film Analysis and Activities: Cars, Over the Hedge, Edens Lost and Found, This is Nowhere AP Human Geography Exam Post-Exam: Preparation for the AP World History course Participation in the World Game 22