Sewanhaka Central High School District
Floral Park Memorial High School
Final Exam Review Sheet
Make sure to review ALL OLD exams and quizzes. Chapter Summary review
questions and homework’s assigned as well as any labs completed
Chapter 1
Definition of Forensics, criminalistics
History of Forensics
Ancient Babylon
Archimedes
Erastratus
Sun Tzu
Mathieu Orifila
Alphonse Bertillion: anthropometry
Francis Galton
Leone Lattes and Karl Landsteiner
Calvin goddard
Albert Osborn
Walter McCroone
Edmond Locard (exchange principle)
Organization of the Crime Lab, Services of a Crime Lab
Physical Science unit
Biology Unit
Firearms Unit
Documents examination unit
Photography Unit
Toxicology Unit
Latent Fingerprint Unit
Polygraph Unit
Voiceprint analysis unit
Evidence collection unit
Forensic Pathology (know job of the coroner which is to establish cause of
death)
Autopsy, rigor mortis, algor mortis, liver mortis)
Forensic Anthropology
Forensic Entomology
Forensic Psychology
Forensic Odontology
Review the functions of a forensic scientist. Be familiar with the following cases:
Frye vs United States
Daubert vs Merrell Dow Pharmaceutical Inc.
Kumho Tire Company Ltd vs Carmichael
Coppolino vs United States
Michigan vs Loren Tyler (Chapter 2)
Jon Benet Ramsey murder and investigation (Chapter 3)
Chapter 2 The Crime Scene
Know the steps in processing the crime scene
What Is Physical evidence and know types of physical evidence?
What is testimonial evidence?
What is expert testimony?
Processing the crime scene
Secure and isolate the crime scene
Record the crime scene
Photography
Sketching
Rough sketch vs finished scetch
Computer Aided Drafting (CAD)
Finished sketch must contain polarity (N,S,E,W), Room measurements
key or legend, At least two reference points for each piece of physical
evidence.
Know the polarity of room 239. Hempstead Turnpike is South, Jericho
North, Plainfield Avenue West, Locust Street East
Note taking
Conduct a systematic search for evidence
Spiral search method
Grid method
Strip or line search
Quadrant or zone search
Evidence collected and maintained from a body for lab examination
Tissues and organs
Vicim’s clothing
Fingernail scrapings
Head and pubic hairs
Blood (for DNA)
Vaginal, anal, and oral swabs
Recovered bullets or weapons
Hand swabs from shooting victims for Gun shot residue
Collect and Package evidence
How are different pieces of evidence gathered from a crime scene and how
are they packaged?
Use of vacuum, tweezer etc. what type of containers are used to package
evidence?
What is a druggist fold when is it used?
How are blood stained items handled?
How are articles of clothing handled?
Maintain Chain of Custody
Obtain Standard or Reference Samples
What is a standard or reference sample and why is it important?
Buccal swab
Substrate controls
Chapter 3 Physical Evidence
Types of physical evidence
Blood,semen,saliva,documents(handwriting)drugs,explosives,fibers,hairs,fin
gerprints,firearms and ammunition, glass, impressions, paint, petroleum products,
plastic, rubber, powder residue, serial numbers, soil, minerals, tool marks and
impressions, vehcle lights, wool and other vegetative matter
Identification
Comparison
Individual vs class evidence
Crime scene reconstruction
Chapter 4 Glass and soil
Physical Propertie vs Chemical property
Examples of physical properties
Mass, weight, temperature, density
Properties of density
Refractive index: the bending of light from one source to another
Birefringence
Dispersion
Types of glass
Tempered glass
Laminated glass
Plexi glass
Annealed glass
Fiber glass
Properties of glass
Beck Line, match point, refractive index
Glass fractures
Radial vs concentric
Bullet hole entrance and exit(wider)
Order of bullet holes based on the fracture pattern. Fractures terminate at
existing fracture lines
Characteristics of soil Specifically the soil lab
What does shining a UV light on a soil sample tell us?
What does the color of the soil tell us?
What does the pH of the soil tell us?
What causes a soil sample to be acidic? Basic?
Chapter 5 Organic Analysis
Specifically I am concentrating on the different processes of Chromatography
Electrophoresis and Spectrophotometry
How does chromatography work?
Difference between solute and solvent
What are the four characteristics that separate a solute?
Why is there a stationary and mobile phase in the process of chromatography?
How does gas chromatography work?
What does it mean to pyrolize a sample and why would you have to do it?
Know how to read a chromatogram
Faster moving substances register first. What makes a solute move faster?
What is retention time?
Qualitative(retention time) vs quantitative (peak height)analysis
High Performance liquid chromatography
Thin Layer chromatography
What is the Rf value and what information does it give us?
How does gel electrophoresis work? (don’t forget it id proteins and DNA)
What is the electromagnetic spectrum?
What is visible light?
Wavelength
Frequency of light
How does the wavelength and frequency of light change as you move through the
electromagnetic spectrum?
Function of spectrophotometer: measures selective absorption of a substance
Used to measure UV,visible or infrared light absorption by a substance
Why is infrared spectra equivalent to a fingerprint?
How does Mass spectrometry work?
Uses Gas chromatography to separate mixture which then passes through a
high vacuum container that shoots a beam of electrons through the components
causing molecules to loose electrons forming positively charged ions which
immediately decompose they are passed through an electric or magnetic field and
separate by mass. This produces a fragment pattern
Chapter 6: Concentrate on x-ray diffraction
X-ray diffraction gives insight as to how elements combine
Produces a unique diffraction pattern depending on crystalline structure
Chapter 7: concentrate on the Polarizing Microscope and the
Microspectrophotometer
How does a polarizing microscope work
What is polarized light?
Microspectrophotometer is used to analyze paint fiber and ink
Displays exact wavelength of color absorption
Chapter 8: Hairs Fibers and Paint
Review power point and exam
Chapter 9 Drugs
Review power point and exam