Psy 360 Learning
Fall 2015
Dr. Val Farmer-Dougan
Study Guide for Test #3
Definitions: Chapters 10 through 14
Behavioral momentum
Extinction in CC
Intermittent reinforcement in EXT
Partial-reinforcement EXT effect
Resurgence
punishment
2-factor theory of avoidance
Discriminated avoidance
Escape from fear (EFF) proced.
shuttle avoidance
Herrnstein and Hineline task
learned helplessness
attributional styles and LH
cognitive ethology
long term memory
Delayed matching to sample
Conditional discrimination
Radial arm maze
Directed forgetting
Memory failure
Reconsolidation
Retention interval
Retrograde amnesia
pattern learning
model-rival technique
scalar invariance
simultaneous chain procedure
Abstract symbols
analogies
metacognition
social facilitation
applications of modeling
modeling as therapy
Bandura’s work on aggression
consolidation
extinction in OC
overtraining extinction effect
reinstatement
sequential theory
aversive control
two-process theory of avoidance
discriminative punishment
Flooding
Signaled avoidance
Sidman Avoidance task
Char.’s of learned helplessness
acquisition
Comparative cognition
consolidation window
retroactive interference
retrospective coding
associative rehearsal
forgetting
mental time travel
reference memory
retrieval cues
trials-unique procedure
adjunctive memory
peak procedure
serial representation learning
Chunking
grammar
transitive inference
metalinguistic awareness
Bandura’s model
Attentional processes
modeling to eliminate fears
discrimination hypothesis of extinction
frustration theory
magnitude of reinforcement extinction effect
renewal effect
spontaneous recovery
1 factor theory of avoidance
avoidance trial
escape trial
punishment
SSDR
conditioned emotional states (CER)
treating learned helplessness
anthropomorphism
short term memory
episodic memory
proactive interference
prospective coding
maintenance rehearsal
memory consolidation
procedural memory
rehearsal
retrieval failure
working memory
duration memory
response chain
serial order learning
language (definition)
evidence of language in animals
Tool use in animals
Imitation as instinct
mirror neurons
retentional processes
motoric reproduction processes
Essay Questions:
1. A corporation executive has hired you as their psychology consultant. One of the first things you are asked to
work on is an evacuation plan for the business. The business is housed in a 10-story building, and there are
stairwells at either end of each floor and elevators in the middle of each floor. Next door is a large parking lot,
which has been designated as the evacuation meeting area. Knowing what you know about stimulus control,
behavior systems theory and instinctive drift, outline a general training plan for this company.
2.
What is learned helplessness? How does learned helplessness occur, and what is the most important variable in
the development of learned helplessness.
3.
Give an example of learned helplessness from your everyday life (this can be about you or another person).
Knowing what you know about LH, write a brief intervention plan for reducing or eliminating the learned
helplessness for the individual described in your example.
4.
Describe food caching behavior. What factors suggest that this is mediated by working memory? That is, how
does the bird or small rodent remember where it put the food?
5.
6.
In the video on animal cognition, many examples of animals “thinking” were presented. Most of these have
undergone rigid scientific testing and have found to be sound. Does this change your view of what animals are
capable of thinking and planning? How and why?
7.
Do animals show imitation and modeling? Give evidence to support your answer!
8.
Describe the four critical processes involved in Bandura’s theory. What is the role of reinforcement in this
process, according to Bandura? Briefly, do you agree or disagree, and why?
9.
What are forward versus backward chain schedules? Is one better to use than the other? Why or why not?
10. Explain what is meant by the reinforcer hierarchy and generalized reinforcers. Why is it important for
individuals to be able to respond to social rewards, contingencies or self-reinforcement rather than relying on
primary reinforcement?
11. Answer the following from Bandura’s point of view” Why do children imitate some behaviors that they
observe, but not ohers?
12. Most elementary and even high school science textbooks teach that the difference between humans and animals
is that humans have language and can engage in abstract thinking, whereas animals are unable to do these two
behaviors. Based on the evidence presented in class, do animals think, and how does this change your
perception of the difference between humans and animals?
13. Do animals feel guilty, show love, or engage in other higher level emotions? What evidence from the the book
and class supports claims regarding the ability of animals to engage in high level emotional behavior?
14. What do you believe is the most important concept, chapter, idea or theory presented this semester? Why is this
most useful or important for you? How might this help you in your career or everyday life?
Structure of Test 3: Identical to Test 2
6 definitions (5 pts each, 30 pts total),
3 compare and contrast (10 pts each, 30 pts total),
3 essays, write on 2 (20 pts) for a total of 100 points.