CHAPTER II
REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE
I.
Chapter Introduction
II.
Distance Education
a. Definition
b. A special case: online distance learning
i. Different types of online learning (synchronous, asynchronous, self-paced)
ii. Growth in higher education, military, and business
iii. Military training vs. higher education
c. Research on DE (group comparison studies)
d. A call for a new paradigm (attributes of successful learners)
III.
Self-Regulated Learning (SRL)
a. A useful construct for understanding online learning success
b. Definition and theory (Pintrich, Schunk, Zimmerman et al.)
IV.
Conceptual model being assessed in the present study (SRL in online contexts)
a. Components of SRL
i. Motivational beliefs and their influence on outcomes
1. Task value
a. Definition and theory (Eccles & Wigfield)
b. Findings from research in traditional classrooms
c. Findings from research in online environments
d. Alternate accounts
i. Self-determination theory and the “quality” of
academic motivation
2. Self-efficacy
a. Definition and theory (Bandura)
b. Findings from research in traditional classrooms
c. Findings from research in online environments
d. Alternate accounts
i. Locus of control
ii. Achievement emotions and their influence on outcomes
1. Achievement emotions
a. Definition and theory (Pekrun)
b. Findings from research in traditional classrooms
c. Findings from research in online environments
iii. Measures of academic success (my outcomes)
1. Achievement (final course grade)
a. This study goes beyond course grade to understand how
students “go about learning” using the following 3 outcomes)
2. Use of SRL strategies
3. Satisfaction
4. Continuing motivation (choice to enroll in similar course in future)
V.
Chapter Summary