Mr. Switzer—Food Webs, Cycles, Biomes Study Guides and Notes Name: __________________________________ Date: ____________________ Hour: ________ Food Web Vocabulary: Review: biotic, abiotic, ecosystems New: Producers, Consumers, Decomposers, Predators, Prey, Parasite Word Producers Consumers Decomposers Drawing Grass is a producer because it makes its own food, using sunlight energy. Cows are consumers because they can’t make their own food. Definition Organisms that use the sun’s energy to make their own food. Organisms that get energy by eating other organisms. Word Predators Prey Parasite Sentence Cats are predators because they eat mice. Mice are prey for cats because they are killed and eaten by cats. A flee is a parasite because it sucks blood without killing the other organism. Definition Organisms that kill and eat other organisms Organism that is killed and eaten by another organism Organism that lives in or on another organism and causes it harm. Sentence Mushrooms and some bacteria are decomposers because they live on waste or dead things. Organisms that break down the wastes or remains of other organisms. Drawing 1 Mr. Switzer—Food Webs, Cycles, Biomes Study Guides and Notes Food Webs and Ecosystems Name: __________________________________ Date: ____________________ Hour: ________ Date: _________________ I. Ecosystems are made of biotic and abiotic factors A. Biotic—grass, moss, fungi, bacteria, deer B. Abiotic—rocks, sunlight, clouds, water, air II. Energy flows through food webs, starting at the sun A. Producers are organisms that make their own food using energy from the sun. 1. Examples: ferns, moss, trees, roses, orange trees B. Consumers are eat other organisms to get energy 1. Predators kill and eat prey. 2. Parasites “steal” food from another organism without killing it. C. Decomposers break down wastes or remains or organisms 1. Bacteria and fungi release materials to the air, water, and soil. 2. Energy can flow from consumers or producers to decomposers 3. Decomposers (usually) don’t pass energy on to other organisms. D. Eventually, all energy is lost as heat! III. Organisms can interact with each other in several ways A. Predators can eat prey (+/-) B. Parasites can get food from an organism without killing it (+/-) Summary: 2 Mr. Switzer—Food Webs, Cycles, Biomes Study Guides and Notes Name: __________________________________ Date: ____________________ Hour: ________ Draw energy flowing through a food web. Label (1) the sun, (2) Producers, (3) Consumers, (4) Decomposers 3 Mr. Switzer—Food Webs, Cycles, Biomes Study Guides and Notes Name: __________________________________ Date: ____________________ Hour: ________ Food Web CBM Study Guide II.II.I.1 Identify how living and nonliving parts of an ecosystem and the relationship among these components. II.II.I.3 Explain how individual species that exist together interact with their environment to create an ecosystem (populations, communities, niches, habitats, food webs). II.III.I.2. Explain how energy from the sun supports life on Earth What do biotic and abiotic mean? 1. Biotic: _______________________ Abiotic: _______________________________ What are some examples of ABIOTIC factors in an ecosystem? 2. Examples: ____________________________________________________________ What are some examples of BIOTIC factors in an ecosystem? 3. Examples: ____________________________________________________________ What is a producer? 4. A producer is __________________________________________________________ 5. An example of a producer is________________________________________________ What is a consumer? 6. A consumer is _________________________________________________________ 7. An example of a consumer is_______________________________________________ What is the difference between predator and prey? 8. A predator is: _________________________________________________________ 9. Prey is ______________________________________________________________ What is a parasite? 10. A parasite is __________________________________________________________ 11. Is a parasite a consumer or a producer (circle the correct answer)? In ecosystems, where does most energy come from? 12. Energy comes from: ______________________________________________ In the following food web (below), circle two organisms that are competing for the same food resource. How can you tell the animals (from #12) are competing for the same food source? 13. Which (from the food web below) is a parasite? 14. __________________________________________ __________________________________________ How can you tell it’s a parasite? 15. ________________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________ 4 Mr. Switzer—Food Webs, Cycles, Biomes Study Guides and Notes Name: __________________________________ Date: ____________________ Hour: ________ Cycles Vocabulary: Review: Photosynthesis, fossil fuels, respiration, decomposition, Fossil fuels, bacteria, proteins, atmosphere New: Nitrogen Fixation, Denitrification, Evaporation, Condensation, Precipitation Word Nitrogen Fixation Denitrification Respiration Drawing Sentence Nitrogen fixation happens in the soil around plant roots. Bacteria break down wastes during denitrification. During respiration, you breath out CO2. Definition Process used by bacteria that changes nitrogen from a gas into a form plants can use (NO3) Process that returns nitrogen to the atmosphere Process that uses oxygen and returns carbon (carbon dioxide) to the atmosphere. Word Evaporation Condensation Precipitation A steamy cup of tea shows evaporation. Clouds show condensation because water becomes a liquid there. Changing from gas to liquid Raining and snowing are examples of precipitation. Drawing Sentence Definition Changing from liquid to gas Water falling to the earth in any form (rain, sleet, etc). 5 Mr. Switzer—Food Webs, Cycles, Biomes Study Guides and Notes Name: __________________________________ Date: ____________________ Hour: ________ Water, Carbon, and Nitrogen Cycles Date: _________________ I. Every living thing needs Water, Carbon and Nitrogen A. Your body is about 70% water. B. Your DNA and your food is made with Carbon C. Your muscles are made with Nitrogen II. Matter is cycled in nature—it is never created or destroyed. A. In the Water Cycle, water moves between the atmosphere and the earth—the water on the earth is the same water that was here when the earth was formed. 1. Evaporation moves water from lakes, streams, oceans, and other bodies of water into the air. 2. Condensation forms clouds. 3. Precipitation is when water falls to the earth as rain, sleet, or snow. B. In the Carbon Cycle, carbon moves between earth, living things, and the atmosphere. 1. Photosynthesis moves carbon from the atmosphere (CO2) to living things (Carbon is converted from CO2 into sugar) 2. Animals and other organisms eat plants, taking in carbon. 3. Respiration, Decomposition, and burning fossil fuels returns CO2 to the atmosphere. C. In the Nitrogen Cycle, nitrogen moves between earth, living things, and the atmosphere. 1. Most of the Atmosphere is made of nitrogen (78%), but plants and animals cannot use it in the form of a gas. 2. Nitrogen Fixation is when bacteria change nitrogen from gas into a form that plants can use (NO3) 3. Plants get nitrogen from the soil and animals get nitrogen from eating (either plants or animals). 4. Nitrogen is returned to the atmosphere by excretion (getting rid of wastes) and decomposition a. Denitrification is the process bacteria use to returns nitrogen to a gas in the atmosphere. Summary: 6 Mr. Switzer—Food Webs, Cycles, Biomes Study Guides and Notes Name: __________________________________ Date: ____________________ Hour: ________ Cycles CBM Study Guide: Standard: II.II.I.5 Describe how the availability of resources and physical factors limit growth (e.g., quantity of light and water, range of temperature, composition of soil) and how the water, carbon, and nitrogen cycles contribute to the availability of those resources to support living systems. What are the three parts of the water cycle? 1. Precipitation is:___________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ 2. Condensation is:__________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ 3. _______________________ is: ______________________________ __________________________________________________________ Is the water on the Earth today the same or different water than was here when dinosaurs lived? Which part of the carbon cycle removes carbon from the atmosphere? What are 3 ways carbon can be returned to the atmosphere? 4. How do plants and animals get carbon? 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. Plants get carbon_____________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ 10. Animals get carbon __________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ How does nitrogen get 11. moved from the atmosphere to the soil? How is nitrogen moved back to the atmosphere? 12.__________________________ is the process bacteria use to return nitrogen to a gas in the atmosphere? 7 Mr. Switzer—Food Webs, Cycles, Biomes Study Guides and Notes Name: __________________________________ Date: ____________________ Hour: ________ BIOMES Vocabulary: Review: Precipitation, Temperature, growing season, biodiversity, ecosystem, climate New: Aquatic, Word Tundra, Desert, Rainforest, Grassland, Permafrost, Aquatic Tundra Permafrost Fish live in an aquatic biome. Tundra is different from the desert because it has permafrost. Tundra in Alaska has permafrost. Biome that is underwater. Cold biome with permafrost and little precipitation. A layer of permanently frozen soil under the topsoil Grassland Desert Rainforest Zebras, and elephants live in the grassland. Biome with lots of grass and large herds of grazers Cacti and scorpions often live in deserts. The driest biome that has no permafrost. Parrots often live in the rainforest. The wettest biome (gets over 200 cm of rain per year) Drawing Sentence Definition Word Drawing Sentence Definition 8 Mr. Switzer—Food Webs, Cycles, Biomes Study Guides and Notes Name: __________________________________ Date: ____________________ Hour: ________ Biome Notes: Biomes are large areas on earth that have similar weather conditions (called climate) and ecosystems Cue Words Biome Precipitation (per year) Temperature (Celsius and Fahrenheit) Plants Animals Underwater Aquatic N/A N/A Fish, dolphins, crabs Driest Desert Driest Biome Less than 25 cm (10 in) Biodiversity Rainforest Prairie Grassland Wettest biome Over 200 cm (79 in.) 25-75cm (10-30 in) Huge daily range (warmer than tundra) Constantly warm (25C=77F) Water lilies Water plants Small plants, shrubs, cactus Trees, ferns, vines Permafrost Tundra Less than 25cm (10 in.) Hot summers, cold winters Grasses Permafrost= (-12C=10F) Mosses, lichens, shrubs Pigeons, mule deer, scorpions Ants, monkeys, leopards, frogs Grazers like Zebras, Bison, Kangaroos, Elephants Arctic hares, caribou, reindeer Can you find it in New Mexico? Oceans, ponds, lakes, rivers Australia, Africa, Antarctica No…it’s found mostly near the equator Yes! Rich soils near Farmington Yes! At the tops of mountains (Sangre De Cristo) 9 Mr. Switzer—Food Webs, Cycles, Biomes Study Guides and Notes Name: __________________________________ Date: ____________________ Hour: ________ BIOMES CBM Study Guide: How much precipitation do Deserts and Tundra get each year? What is the main difference between deserts and tundra? Which is the wettest biome? How much precipitation does it get? What is the average temperature of this biome? Which biome has a great variation in daily temperature? Describe the plants, animals, and soil of the grassland biome Describe an animal that lives in a biome in New Mexico. What biome does that animal live in? What adaptations does this animal have that help it live in this biome? What is the only biome we talked about in class that you cannot find in New Mexico? 1. Deserts: _______________________________________________________ 2. Tundra: _______________________________________________________ 3. Tundra and deserts are different because _____________________________ ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________. 4. The wettest biome is _____________________________________________. 5. This biome gets _________ cm of precipitation, which is __________ inches. 6. The average temperature of this biome is __________C, which is ___________F. 7.______________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ 8. Plants of the grassland biome are _________________________________ ________________________________________________________________. 9. Animals of the grassland biome are ________________________________ ________________________________________________________________. 10. The soil of the grassland biome is _________________________________ ________________________________________________________________. 11. An animal that lives in a New Mexico biome is ________________________. 12. This animal lives in the _______________________ biome. 13. These are some adaptations that this animal has: _____________________ ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ 14. _____________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ 10 Mr. Switzer—Food Webs, Cycles, Biomes Study Guides and Notes Name: __________________________________ Date: ____________________ Hour: ________ Food Webs, Cycles, and Biomes Unit Test Study Guide: FOOD WEBS (1-3) Name 3 biotic factors that you can find in an ecosystem. (4-6) Name 3 abiotic factors you can find in an ecosystem. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. (7.) What is a producer? (8-9) Give 2 examples of producers. (10) What is the source of energy that starts food webs? (11) Which two animals 11. in the food web to the right are competing for the same food source? 12. (12) How can you tell they are competing for the same food source? 13. (13) What are two food sources for the deer in the food web? (14) Draw at least 5 arrows on the picture to the right to show mushrooms (decomposers) would fit into the food web. 11 Mr. Switzer—Food Webs, Cycles, Biomes Study Guides and Notes Name: __________________________________ Date: ____________________ Hour: ________ (14). (15) What does a predator do to prey? (16) What does a parasite do to the organism it lives on or in? (17) Is a parasite a consumer or a producer? 15. 16. 17. CYCLES (18-20) What are the three parts of the carbon cycle? (21) Is the water on the Earth today the same or different water than was here when dinosaurs lived? (22) What process removes carbon from the atmosphere? (23) What are 3 ways carbon can be returned to the atmosphere? (26-27) How do plants and animals get carbon? 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25 26. Plants: 27. Animals: 12 Mr. Switzer—Food Webs, Cycles, Biomes Study Guides and Notes (28) What process moves nitrogen from the atmosphere to the soil? (29) What process moves nitrogen from the soil back to the atmosphere? Name: __________________________________ Date: ____________________ Hour: ________ 28. 29. BIOMES (30-37) Describe the temperature and precipitation of the following biomes (Desert, tundra, grassland, rainforest) (38) Which biome contains water plants, fish, and dolphins? (39) Which biome contains good soil and lots of grazing animals (like zebras, kangaroos, and elephants)? (40) In which biome would you find permafrost? (41). Which biome is not found in New Mexico? (42). Name an animal that is native to New 30. Desert Temperature: 31.Desert Precipitation: 32: Tundra Temperature: 33: Tundra Precipitation: 34: Grassland Temperature: 35: Grassland Precipitation: 36: Rainforest Temperature: 37: Rainforest Precipitation: 38: 39: 40. 41. 42. 43. 13 Mr. Switzer—Food Webs, Cycles, Biomes Study Guides and Notes Mexico. (43). Describe the biome that animal lives in, and (44) describe adaptations that help that animal survive. Name: __________________________________ Date: ____________________ Hour: ________ 44. 14