Chapter 008 Secondary Storage Multiple Choice Questions 1. Hard disks store and organize files using all the following, except A. tracks. B. sectors. C. cylinders. D. paths. 2. An internal hard disk A. provides a variable amount of storage B. provides a fixed amount of storage C. is easily portable D. is generally slow 3. Which of the following is not a utility to ensure backup and adequate performance of an internal hard disk? A. Backup B. Disk Cleanup C. Disk Defragmenter D. Internet Explorer 4. The hard disk's disk surface is scratched and some or all of the data is destroyed when there is a A. head crash. B. cylinder crash. C. track crash. D. sector crash. 5. Which of the following is not an example of secondary storage? A. External hard drives B. RAID C. RAM D. Flash drives 8-1 Chapter 008 Secondary Storage 6. An external hard disk A. is heavy B. is hard to remove C. has a typical capacity of 20 to 100 MB D. usually connects to a USB port 7. Storage that retains its data after the power is turned off is referred to as A. volatile storage. B. sequential storage. C. direct storage. D. nonvolatile storage. 8. The process of accessing information from secondary storage devices is referred to as A. backing up. B. restoring. C. writing. D. reading. 9. The ____ indicates how much data a particular storage medium can hold. A. access B. capacity C. memory D. storage 10. Which of the following measures the amount of time required by the storage device to retrieve data and programs? A. Nonvolatile media B. Capacity C. Access speed D. RAM 8-2 Chapter 008 Secondary Storage 11. One way to improve the storage capacity of a hard disk is to A. format often. B. use file compression. C. increase memory. D. use Linux. 12. This process improves system performance by acting as a temporary high-speed holding area between a secondary storage device and the CPU. A. Data compression B. Data access C. Disk caching D. RAID 13. Which of the following statements on RAIDs is incorrect? A. provide expanded storage capability B. have a fast access speed C. are highly reliable D. are composed on one high-capacity hard disk drive 14. Three ways to improve the performance of a hard disk include A. disk caching, RAID, and file expansion. B. file compression, disk caching, and file encryption. C. disk caching, RAID, and file compression. D. RAID, file compression and disk expansion. 15. Which of these is not an example of solid state storage? A. DVDs B. SSDs C. Flash memory cards D. USB drives 8-3 Chapter 008 Secondary Storage 16. An iPod uses which of these technologies? A. Optical drive B. Solid state drive C. Flash memory D. Flash drive 17. Optical discs A. can hold up to 10 gigabytes of data. B. use magnetic charges to represent 1s and 0s. C. typically use a single track that spirals toward the center of the disk. D. have had little impact on storage. 18. A CD-RW disc A. can be written to only once. B. can be erased and rewritten. C. holds more data than a DVD. D. is an example of solid state storage. 19. All of the following are true of DVD-ROM drives except A. they are also known as erasable optical discs. B. they can provide over two hours of high-quality video and sound comparable to that found in motion picture theatres. C. they are a type of optical disc. D. DVD-ROM stands for "digital versatile disc–read only memory". 20. The standard for high definition optical discs is A. DVD-RAM. B. HD DVD. C. Blu-ray. D. HD CD. 8-4 Chapter 008 Secondary Storage 21. These discs have a capacity of 25 to 50 gigabytes. A. HD DVD B. CD C. DVD D. Blu-Ray 22. Which of the following is not a type of secondary storage? A. Memory B. Hard disks C. Optical discs D. Solid-state storage 23. The two approaches to external storages are A. solid state access and optical access. B. sequential access and direct access. C. sequential access and solid state access. D. volatile access and nonvolatile access. 24. Which of the following is not meant to store highly personalized or sensitive information? A. Online storage services B. Flash drive C. Magnetic tape D. Internet hard drive 25. Which of these is not a mass storage device? A. RAID system B. File server C. Optical disc D. Tape library 8-5 Chapter 008 Secondary Storage True / False Questions 26. Media are the actual physical material that holds data and programs. True False 27. The process of saving information to a secondary storage device is referred to as embedding. True False 28. Secondary storage provides temporary or volatile storage. True False 29. Hard disks use tracks, sectors, and cylinders to store files. True False 30. A smoke particle, fingerprint, dust, or human hair could cause a hard disk head crash. True False 31. A hard crash occurs typically on an optical disk when it makes contact with particles on its surface. True False 32. External hard disks are used primarily to complement an internal hard disk. True False 8-6 Chapter 008 Secondary Storage 33. External hard disks use different technology than internal hard disks. True False 34. Disk caching improves hard-disk performance by compressing files. True False 35. Disk caching uses a combination of hardware and software. True False 36. RAID connects several inexpensive hard-disk drives to one another. True False 37. File compression is only available on hard disk drives. True False 38. CD-ROMs are often used to archive data and to record music downloaded from the Internet. True False 39. DVDs have replaced CDs as the standard optical disc. True False 40. Almost all microcomputers today have at least one hard-disk drive, and one optical drive, with USB ports that can support portable solid state drives. True False 8-7 Chapter 008 Secondary Storage 41. The two approaches to internal storage are sequential access and direct access. True False 42. Magnetic tape stores data and programs by altering the electromagnetic charges on a recording surface. True False 43. Tapes provide fast direct access. Disks provide slower sequential access. True False 44. Mass storage devices are primary storage devices designed to store large amounts of data for an organization. True False 45. File servers are appropriate devices to use in an enterprise storage system. True False Fill in the Blank Questions 46. _____ speed is the measure of the amount of time required by a storage device to retrieve data and programs. ________________________________________ 47. Tracks are divided into invisible wedge-shaped sections called _____. ________________________________________ 8-8 Chapter 008 Secondary Storage 48. Disk _____ improves hard-disk performance by anticipating data needs. ________________________________________ 49. A(n) _____ hard disk is typically connected to a USB or FireWire port. ________________________________________ 50. A _____ occurs when a read/write head makes contact with the hard disk's surface or with particles on its surface. ________________________________________ 51. You can compress and decompress files using specialized utilities such as _____. ________________________________________ 52. File _____expands compressed files. ________________________________________ 53. Due to its expanded storage capability, fast access speed, and high reliability, _____ is often used by Internet servers and large organizations. ________________________________________ 54. USB drives are also known as _____ drives. ________________________________________ 55. _____ memory cards are a form of a solid-state storage device widely used in GPS navigation systems. ________________________________________ 8-9 Chapter 008 Secondary Storage 56. CD-ROM is an example of a(n) _____ type of storage medium. ________________________________________ 57. DVD + R and DVD-R both stand for DVD _____. ________________________________________ 58. An internal hard disk uses _____ access to retrieve data. ________________________________________ 59. DVD stands for digital versatile disc or digital _____ disc. ________________________________________ 60. The hi def standard for optical discs is the _____ Disc. ________________________________________ 61. The three basic storage options are hard disc, _____, and solid-state storage. ________________________________________ 62. With _____ storage services, access speed is slower because all information must travel across the Internet. ________________________________________ 63. In the past, magnetic _____ were used to back up data on mainframes. ________________________________________ 8-10 Chapter 008 Secondary Storage 64. Large organizations store their data through a strategy called a(n) _____. ________________________________________ Essay Questions 65. Discuss the importance and uses of secondary storage devices. 66. List and explain some of the important characteristics of secondary storage. 67. What causes a head crash to occur? 8-11 Chapter 008 Secondary Storage 68. Describe a RAID. 69. What is solid state storage? Give examples. 70. Briefly discuss the differences between CD, DVD, and Blu-ray discs. 71. Explain the advantages and the disadvantages of using an online storage service. 8-12 Chapter 008 Secondary Storage 72. Contrast sequential access with direct access. 73. Describe some of the mass storage devices that are included in the enterprise storage system. 74. What is a storage area network? 8-13 Chapter 008 Secondary Storage Key Multiple Choice Questions 1. (p. 221) Hard disks store and organize files using all the following, except A. tracks. B. sectors. C. cylinders. D. paths. Hard disks store and organize files using tracks, sectors, and cylinders. Difficulty: Hard 2. (p. 222) An internal hard disk A. provides a variable amount of storage B. provides a fixed amount of storage C. is easily portable D. is generally slow Internal hard disks provide fast access; however, they have a fixed amount of storage and cannot be easily removed from the system cabinet. Difficulty: Medium 3. (p. 222) Which of the following is not a utility to ensure backup and adequate performance of an internal hard disk? A. Backup B. Disk Cleanup C. Disk Defragmenter D. Internet Explorer To ensure adequate performance of your internal hard disk, you should perform routine maintenance and periodically make backup copies of all important files. For hard-disk maintenance and backup procedures you can use the following: the Windows utilities Backup, Disk Cleanup, and Disk Defragmenter. Difficulty: Medium 8-14 Chapter 008 Secondary Storage Key 4. (p. 221) The hard disk's disk surface is scratched and some or all of the data is destroyed when there is a A. head crash. B. cylinder crash. C. track crash. D. sector crash. A head crash occurs when a read/write head makes contact with the hard disk's surface or with particles on its surface, and some or all of the data is destroyed. Difficulty: Hard 5. (p. 220) Which of the following is not an example of secondary storage? A. External hard drives B. RAID C. RAM D. Flash drives RAM provides only temporary or volatile storage. Secondary storage provides permanent or nonvolatile storage. Difficulty: Easy 6. (p. 222) An external hard disk A. is heavy B. is hard to remove C. has a typical capacity of 20 to 100 MB D. usually connects to a USB port External hard disks typically connect to a USB or FireWire port on the system unit, are easily removed, and effectively provide an unlimited amount of storage. Difficulty: Hard 8-15 Chapter 008 Secondary Storage Key 7. (p. 220) Storage that retains its data after the power is turned off is referred to as A. volatile storage. B. sequential storage. C. direct storage. D. nonvolatile storage. Secondary storage is nonvolatile storage as it does not lose the data when the power is turned off. Difficulty: Easy 8. (p. 220) The process of accessing information from secondary storage devices is referred to as A. backing up. B. restoring. C. writing. D. reading. Reading is the process of accessing information from secondary storage. Difficulty: Easy 9. (p. 220) The ____ indicates how much data a particular storage medium can hold. A. access B. capacity C. memory D. storage Capacity measures how much a particular storage medium can hold. Difficulty: Easy 8-16 Chapter 008 Secondary Storage Key 10. (p. 221) Which of the following measures the amount of time required by the storage device to retrieve data and programs? A. Nonvolatile media B. Capacity C. Access speed D. RAM Access speed measures the amount of time required by the storage device to retrieve data. Difficulty: Medium 11. (p. 223) One way to improve the storage capacity of a hard disk is to A. format often. B. use file compression. C. increase memory. D. use Linux. File compression increases storage capacity by reducing the amount of space required to store data and programs. Difficulty: Medium 12. (p. 223) This process improves system performance by acting as a temporary high-speed holding area between a secondary storage device and the CPU. A. Data compression B. Data access C. Disk caching D. RAID Disk caching is the process of storing frequently used data from a disk into memory. Difficulty: Medium 8-17 Chapter 008 Secondary Storage Key 13. (p. 223) Which of the following statements on RAIDs is incorrect? A. provide expanded storage capability B. have a fast access speed C. are highly reliable D. are composed on one high-capacity hard disk drive RAIDs improve performance by expanding external storage, improving access speed, and providing reliable storage through several inexpensive hard-disk drives connected to one another. Difficulty: Medium 14. (p. 223) Three ways to improve the performance of a hard disk include A. disk caching, RAID, and file expansion. B. file compression, disk caching, and file encryption. C. disk caching, RAID, and file compression. D. RAID, file compression and disk expansion. Three ways to improve the performance of hard disks are disk caching, RAID, and file compression/decompression. Difficulty: Medium 15. (p. 224, 225) Which of these is not an example of solid state storage? A. DVDs B. SSDs C. Flash memory cards D. USB drives Solid state drives (SSDs), Flash memory cards, and USB drives (flash drives) are all examples of solid state storage devices. Difficulty: Easy 8-18 Chapter 008 Secondary Storage Key 16. (p. 225) An iPod uses which of these technologies? A. Optical drive B. Solid state drive C. Flash memory D. Flash drive Flash memory is used in digital media players like the iPod to store and play music and video files. Difficulty: Hard 17. (p. 227) Optical discs A. can hold up to 10 gigabytes of data. B. use magnetic charges to represent 1s and 0s. C. typically use a single track that spirals toward the center of the disk. D. have had little impact on storage. Unlike the concentric tracks and wedge-shaped sectors used for hard disks, however, optical discs typically use a single track that spirals toward the center of the disk. Difficulty: Hard 18. (p. 227) A CD-RW disc A. can be written to only once. B. can be erased and rewritten. C. holds more data than a DVD. D. is an example of solid state storage. CD-RW stands for compact disc rewritable. They are also known as erasable optical discs. Difficulty: Medium 8-19 Chapter 008 Secondary Storage Key 19. (p. 227) All of the following are true of DVD-ROM drives except A. they are also known as erasable optical discs. B. they can provide over two hours of high-quality video and sound comparable to that found in motion picture theatres. C. they are a type of optical disc. D. DVD-ROM stands for "digital versatile disc–read only memory". DVD-ROM are not erasable. Difficulty: Hard 20. (p. 230) The standard for high definition optical discs is A. DVD-RAM. B. HD DVD. C. Blu-ray. D. HD CD. The hi def standard is Blu-ray. Difficulty: Medium 21. (p. 230) These discs have a capacity of 25 to 50 gigabytes. A. HD DVD B. CD C. DVD D. Blu-Ray Blu-ray discs have a capacity of 25 to 50 gigabytes, more than 10 times the capacity of a standard single-layer DVD. Difficulty: Hard 8-20 Chapter 008 Secondary Storage Key 22. (p. 231) Which of the following is not a type of secondary storage? A. Memory B. Hard disks C. Optical discs D. Solid-state storage There are three basic secondary storage options. They are hard disks, optical discs and solidstate storage. Difficulty: Easy 23. (p. 232) The two approaches to external storages are A. solid state access and optical access. B. sequential access and direct access. C. sequential access and solid state access. D. volatile access and nonvolatile access. The two approaches to external storage are sequential access and direct access. Difficulty: Hard 24. (p. 231) Which of the following is not meant to store highly personalized or sensitive information? A. Online storage services B. Flash drive C. Magnetic tape D. Internet hard drive Because of certain limitations, online storage services are typically used as a specialized secondary storage device and not for storing highly personalized or sensitive information. Difficulty: Easy 8-21 Chapter 008 Secondary Storage Key 25. (p. 233) Which of these is not a mass storage device? A. RAID system B. File server C. Optical disc D. Tape library Mass storage devices include file servers, network attached storage, RAID systems, tape library, and organizational online storage. Difficulty: Medium True / False Questions 26. (p. 220) Media are the actual physical material that holds data and programs. TRUE Difficulty: Easy 27. (p. 220) The process of saving information to a secondary storage device is referred to as embedding. FALSE Difficulty: Easy 28. (p. 220) Secondary storage provides temporary or volatile storage. FALSE Difficulty: Medium 29. (p. 212) Hard disks use tracks, sectors, and cylinders to store files. TRUE Difficulty: Easy 8-22 Chapter 008 Secondary Storage Key 30. (p. 221) A smoke particle, fingerprint, dust, or human hair could cause a hard disk head crash. TRUE Difficulty: Medium 31. (p. 221) A hard crash occurs typically on an optical disk when it makes contact with particles on its surface. FALSE Difficulty: Medium 32. (p. 223) External hard disks are used primarily to complement an internal hard disk. TRUE Difficulty: Easy 33. (p. 223) External hard disks use different technology than internal hard disks. FALSE Difficulty: Easy 34. (p. 223) Disk caching improves hard-disk performance by compressing files. FALSE Difficulty: Medium 35. (p. 223) Disk caching uses a combination of hardware and software. TRUE Difficulty: Medium 8-23 Chapter 008 Secondary Storage Key 36. (p. 223) RAID connects several inexpensive hard-disk drives to one another. TRUE Difficulty: Medium 37. (p. 223) File compression is only available on hard disk drives. FALSE Difficulty: Easy 38. (p. 227) CD-ROMs are often used to archive data and to record music downloaded from the Internet. FALSE Difficulty: Hard 39. (p. 227) DVDs have replaced CDs as the standard optical disc. TRUE Difficulty: Easy 40. (p. 231) Almost all microcomputers today have at least one hard-disk drive, and one optical drive, with USB ports that can support portable solid state drives. TRUE Difficulty: Medium 41. (p. 232) The two approaches to internal storage are sequential access and direct access. FALSE Difficulty: Hard 8-24 Chapter 008 Secondary Storage Key 42. (p. 232) Magnetic tape stores data and programs by altering the electromagnetic charges on a recording surface. TRUE Difficulty: Easy 43. (p. 232) Tapes provide fast direct access. Disks provide slower sequential access. FALSE Difficulty: Hard 44. (p. 233) Mass storage devices are primary storage devices designed to store large amounts of data for an organization. FALSE Difficulty: Medium 45. (p. 233) File servers are appropriate devices to use in an enterprise storage system. TRUE Difficulty: Medium Fill in the Blank Questions 46. (p. 221) _____ speed is the measure of the amount of time required by a storage device to retrieve data and programs. Access Access speed measures the amount of time required by the storage device to retrieve data and programs. Difficulty: Easy 8-25 Chapter 008 Secondary Storage Key 47. (p. 221) Tracks are divided into invisible wedge-shaped sections called _____. sectors Tracks are rings of concentric circles without visible grooves. Each track is divided into invisible wedge-shaped sections called sectors. Difficulty: Easy 48. (p. 223) Disk _____ improves hard-disk performance by anticipating data needs. caching Disk caching improves hard-disk performance by anticipating data needs. Difficulty: Medium 49. (p. 222) A(n) _____ hard disk is typically connected to a USB or FireWire port. external External hard disks typically connect to a USB or FireWire port on the system unit. Difficulty: Medium 50. (p. 221) A _____ occurs when a read/write head makes contact with the hard disk's surface or with particles on its surface. head crash A head crash is a disaster for a hard disk. The disk surface is scratched and some or all of the data is destroyed. Difficulty: Medium 8-26 Chapter 008 Secondary Storage Key 51. (p. 223) You can compress and decompress files using specialized utilities such as _____. WinZip You can compress and decompress files using specialized utilities such as WinZip. Difficulty: Medium 52. (p. 223) File _____expands compressed files. decompression File decompression expands compressed files. Difficulty: Medium 53. (p. 223) Due to its expanded storage capability, fast access speed, and high reliability, _____ is often used by Internet servers and large organizations. RAID RAID is often used by Internet servers and large organizations. Difficulty: Hard 54. (p. 225) USB drives are also known as _____ drives. flash USB drives, or flash drives, are so compact they can be transported on a key ring. Difficulty: Easy 8-27 Chapter 008 Secondary Storage Key 55. (p. 224) _____ memory cards are a form of a solid-state storage device widely used in GPS navigation systems. Flash Flash memory cards are widely used in portable devices such as mobile phones and GPS navigation systems. Difficulty: Medium 56. (p. 227) CD-ROM is an example of a(n) _____ type of storage medium. optical Optical discs come in many different sizes. The two most common are CD and DVD. Difficulty: Hard 57. (p. 230) DVD + R and DVD-R both stand for DVD _____. recordable DVD+R and DVD-R are two competing write-once DVD formats. Both stand for DVD recordable. Difficulty: Medium 58. (p. 232) An internal hard disk uses _____ access to retrieve data. direct Disks provide fast direct access. Difficulty: Medium 8-28 Chapter 008 Secondary Storage Key 59. (p. 227) DVD stands for digital versatile disc or digital _____ disc. video DVD stands for digital versatile disc or digital video disc. Difficulty: Easy 60. (p. 230) The hi def standard for optical discs is the _____ Disc. Blu-ray The hi def standard is Blue-ray Disc. Difficulty: Easy 61. (p. 231) The three basic storage options are hard disc, _____, and solid-state storage. optical disc The three basic storage options for a typical microcomputer user are hard disk, optical disk, and solid-state storage. Difficulty: Medium 62. (p. 231) With _____ storage services, access speed is slower because all information must travel across the Internet. online Online storage services provide users with storage space that can be accessed from a Web site. Difficulty: Easy 8-29 Chapter 008 Secondary Storage Key 63. (p. 232) In the past, magnetic _____ were used to back up data on mainframes. tape reels At one time, mainframe computers used magnetic tape reels exclusively. Difficulty: Medium 64. (p. 233) Large organizations store their data through a strategy called a(n) _____. enterprise storage system Most large organizations have established a strategy called an enterprise storage system to promote efficient and safe use of data across the networks within their organizations. Difficulty: Easy Essay Questions 65. (p. 220) Discuss the importance and uses of secondary storage devices. Secondary storage devices are used to save, to back up, and even to transport files consisting of data or programs from one location or computer to another. Difficulty: Medium 66. (p. 220) List and explain some of the important characteristics of secondary storage. Some important characteristics of secondary storage include (1) Media which are the actual physical material that holds the data and programs, (2) Capacity which measures how much a particular storage medium can hold, (3) Storage devices which are the hardware that reads data and programs from storage media. Most also write to storage media and (4) Access speed which measures the amount of time required by the storage device to retrieve data and programs. Difficulty: Hard 8-30 Chapter 008 Secondary Storage Key 67. (p. 221, 222) What causes a head crash to occur? A head crash occurs when a read/write head makes contact with the hard disk's surface or with particles on its surface. A head crash is a disaster for a hard disk. The disk surface is scratched and some or all of the data is destroyed. At one time, head crashes were commonplace. Difficulty: Easy 68. (p. 223) Describe a RAID. RAID, or redundant array of inexpensive disks, improves performance by expanding external storage, improving access speed, and providing reliable storage. In a RAID, several inexpensive hard-disk drives are connected to one another. The connected hard-disk drives are related or grouped together, and the computer system interacts with the RAID system as though it were a single large-capacity drive. Difficulty: Hard 69. (p. 224, 225) What is solid state storage? Give examples. Solid state storage devices have no moving parts. Data and information are stored and retrieved electronically directly from these devices much as they would be from conventional computer memory. Solid-state drives (SDDs) are similar to hard disk drives, but they use solid-state memory instead of magnetic discs to store data. Flash memory cards are small solid-state storage devices used in portable devices like mobile phones and GPS navigation systems. They are also used to store images from digital cameras and then to transfer the images to a personal computer. USB drives, or flash drives, are so compact they can be transported on a key ring. These drives connect to a computer's USB port to transfer files. Difficulty: Hard 8-31 Chapter 008 Secondary Storage Key 70. (p. 229, 230) Briefly discuss the differences between CD, DVD, and Blu-ray discs. CDs, DVDs, and Blu-ray are all optical disc formats. All three come in read only, write once, and rewritable versions. CDs have the smallest capacity (650 MB to 1 GB), followed by DVDs (4.7 GB to 17 GB), with Blu-ray having the largest capacity (25 to 50 GB). Although Blu-ray media are the same size as CDs and DVDs, the discs require special drives. Most Bluray drives can also read CDs and DVDs as well. Difficulty: Medium 71. (p. 231) Explain the advantages and the disadvantages of using an online storage service. An online storage service costs less than other types of secondary storage and provides the flexibility to access information from any location using the Internet. However, because all information must travel over the Internet, access speed is slower and users are dependent on the availability and security procedures of the service site. Difficulty: Easy 72. (p. 232) Contrast sequential access with direct access. Sequential storage stores data one record after another. Magnetic tapes are an example of storage that must be accessed sequentially. In order to search for a specific record you must search sequentially until the record is found. Direct access media allow records to be retrieved in random order. CDs and hard drives provide direct access. Difficulty: Hard 8-32 Chapter 008 Secondary Storage Key 73. (p. 233) Describe some of the mass storage devices that are included in the enterprise storage system. File servers are dedicated computers with very large storage capacities that provide users access to fast storage and retrieval of data. Network attached storage (NAS) is similar to a file server except it is simpler and less expensive. RAID systems enhance organizational security by constantly duplicating files moving across the organization's networks. Tape libraries provide automatic access to data archived on a large collection or library of tapes. Organizational online storage utilizes a high-speed Internet connection to a dedicated remote organizational online storage site. Difficulty: Medium 74. (p. 234) What is a storage area network? A storage area network (SAN) is an architecture to link remote computer storage devices, such as enterprise storage systems, to computers such that the devices are as available as locally attached drives. In a SAN system, the user's computer provides the file system for storing data, but the SAN provides the disk space. The key to a SAN is a high-speed network, connecting individual computers to mass storage devices. Difficulty: Medium 8-33