Activities in 2009
Avian tuberculosis
Professor Ivo Pavlik
Veterinary Research Institute
Hudcova 70, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic
Tel.: (+420-5) 3333.1601, Fax: (+420-5) 3333.1229
e-mail address: pavlik@vri.cz
http://www.vri.cz/en/departments/food-and-feed-safety/oie-reference-laboratory-for-avian-tuberculosis/
Summary of general activities related to the disease
1.
Test(s) in use/or available for the specified disease at your laboratory
Test (Total)
For
Specificity
ELISA
Antibodies
Sonicated antigen of M. avium
subsp. avium (serotype 2)
40 pigs
ELISA
Antibodies
Sonicated antigen of M. avium
subsp. hominissuis (serotype 8)
40 pigs
Rapid
agglutination (202)
Antibodies
Corpuscular antigen of M. avium
subsp. avium (serotype 2)
165 pigs, 2 cattle, 1 dog, 1 human,
21 horses, 12 ibises
Rapid
agglutination (202)
Antibodies
Corpuscular antigen of M. avium
subsp. hominissuis (serotype 8)
165 pigs, 2 cattle, 1 dog, 1 human,
21 horses, 12 ibises
Rapid
agglutination (202)
Antibodies
Corpuscular antigen of
M. intracellulare (serotype 19)
165 pigs, 2 cattle, 1 dog, 1 human,
21 horses, 12 ibises
MAPIA (179)
Antibodies
Sonicated antigen M. avium subsp.
avium (serotype 2)
53 wild ruminants, 26 cattle, 28 horses,
23 pigs, 49 animals from ZOO
MAPIA (179)
Antibodies
Sonicated antigen M. avium subsp.
hominissuis (serotype 8)
53 wild ruminants, 26 cattle, 28 horses,
23 pigs, 49 animals from ZOO
MAPIA (179)
Antibodies
Corpuscular antigen of
M. intracellulare (serotype 19)
53 wild ruminants, 26 cattle, 28 horses,
23 pigs, 49 animals from ZOO
Culture
examination (2308)
Mycobacteria
Conventional culture technique
(media without Mycobactin J)
571 fish tissues, 326 pig tissues,
342 bird tissues, 6 human tissues,
95 other mammals tissues, 247 water
environment, 413 pigs environment,
269 pigs faeces, 39 faeces and urine
from other animals
PCR Quadruplex
(148)
Isolates
Quadruplex system for M. avium
species differentiation1
Annual reports of OIE Reference Laboratories and Collaborating Centres, 2009
Total
24 M. a. avium
9 M. a. hominissuis
25 M. a. paratuberculosis
90 laboratory isolates
1
Avian tuberculosis
Test (Total)
For
Specificity
Total
16S rRNA PCR
(230)
Isolates
16S rRNA PCR system for
Mycobacterium sp. and M. avium
complex members identification1
IS1245 RFLP (22)
Isolates
Standardized method2
M. a. hominissuis
IS901 RFLP (58)
Isolates
Standardized method3
M. a. avium
16S rDNA
sequencing (101)
Isolates
Differentiation of Mycobacterium
sp. Harmsen et al.5 and Telenti
et al.6
Quantitative Real
Time PCR (94)
M. a. avium
and M. a.
hominissuis
IS1245 and IS9017
112 M. avium sp.
1 M. intracellulare
107 other atypical mycobacteria4
4 M. arupense
1 M. arosiense
1 M. bohemicum
1 M. chimaera
2 M. chitae
7 M. fortuitum
1 M. engbaekii
7 M. gordonae
3 M. chelonae/abscessus
35 M. intracellulare
3 M. insubricum
4 M. kansasii
3 M. kumamotonense
1 M. mantenii
3 M. marinum
1 M. moriokaense
1 M. nonchromogenicum
1 M. simiae
1 M. szulgai
10 M. peregrinum/septicum
1 M. terrae
2 M. terrae complex
1 M. triviale
2 M. tuberculosis complex
1 M. xenopi
4 M. sp.
37 tissues
6 faeces
2 blood
43 environment
1Home made technique for the detection and differentiation of members of the M. avium species: Moravkova, M., Hlozek, P.,
Beran, V., Pavlik, I., Preziuso, S., Cuteri, V., Bartos, M.: Strategy for the detection and differentiation of Mycobacterium avium
species in isolates and heavily infected tissues. Research in Veterinary Science, 2008, 85 (2), 257-264.
2Van Soolingen, D., Bauer, J., Leăo, S., Pavlik, I., Vincent, V., Rastogi, N., Gori, A., Bodmer, T., Garzelli, C., Garcia, M. J.:
IS1245 Restriction fragment length polymorphism typing of Mycobacterium avium isolates: proposal for standardization.
Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 1998, 36 (10), 3051-3054.
3Dvorska, L., Bull, T. J., Bartos, M., Matlova, L., Svastova, P., Weston, R. T., Kintr, J., Parmova, I., Van Soolingen, D., Pavlik,
I.: A standardised restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) method for typing Mycobacterium avium isolates links
IS901 with virulence for birds. Journal of Microbiological Methods, 2003, 55 (1), 11-27.
4 Non-identified mycobacterial species other than members of M. avium species, M. avium complex and M. tuberculosis
complex.
5Harmsen, D., Dostal, S., Roth, A., Niemann, S., Rothganger, J., Sammeth, M., Albert, J., Frosch, M., Richter, E., 11-11-2003.
RIDOM: comprehensive and public sequence database for identification of Mycobacterium species. BMC Infection Diseases,
2003, 3, 26.
6Telenti, A., Marchesi, F., Balz, M., Bally, F., Böttger, E.C. and Bodmer, T. Rapid identification of mycobacteria to the species
level by polymerase chain reaction and restriction enzyme analysis. Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 1993, 31 (2), 175-178.
7Specific fragments for M. avium subsp. avium and M. avium subsp. hominissuis ; home made technique, Slana, I., Kaevska,
M., Kralik, P., Horvathova, A., Pavlik, I.: Distribution of Mycobacterium avium subsp. avium and M. a. hominissuis in
artificially infected pigs studied by culture and IS901 and IS1245 quantitative Real Time PCR. International Journal of Food
Microbiology, submitted.
2
Annual reports of OIE Reference Laboratories and Collaborating Centres, 2009
Avian tuberculosis
2.
Production and distribution of diagnostic reagents
None
Activities specifically related to the mandate
of OIE Reference Laboratories
3.
International harmonisation and standardisation of methods for diagnostic testing or the
production and testing of vaccines
None
4.
Preparation and supply of international reference standards for diagnostic tests or vaccines
None
5.
Research and development of new procedures for diagnosis and control
Liquid culture examination of causal agent of avian tuberculosis: Shitaye, J.E., Beran, V., Svobodova, J.,
Moravkova, M., Babak, V., Pavlik, I.: Comparison of the conventional culture, the Manual Fluorescent MGIT
System and the Automated Fluorescent MGIT 960 Culture System for the detection of Mycobacterium avium
subsp. avium in tissues of naturally infected hens. Folia Microbiologica, 2009, 54 (2), 137-141.
6.
Collection, analysis and dissemination of epizootiological data relevant to international disease
control
None
7.
Provision of consultant expertise to OIE or to OIE Members
None
8.
Provision of scientific and technical training to personnel from other OIE Members
Under the terms of OIE Reference laboratory three laboratory trainings are provided:
Cultivation, microscopy and identification methods for the detection of mycobacteria (5 days training)
http://www.vri.cz/userfiles/file/hide/06-CLT-1.pdf
The quantification of Mycobacterium avium subsp. avium in milk using real-time qPCR (5 days)
http://www.vri.cz/userfiles/file/hide/06-qPCR-1.pdf
The differentiation of Mycobacterium avium subsp. avium and using RFLP analysis (7 days)
http://www.vri.cz/userfiles/file/hide/06-RFLP-1.pdf
Marina Mikulic, DVM.; Croatian Veterinary Institute Zagreb, Croatia; training in Quantification of M. avium
species members using real-time qPCR, January 2009.
Ing. Ivona Mateska, St. Cyril and Metodius University of Skopje, Macedonia, 13.10.2008 - 12.4.2009. The
detection of mycobacteria after applying stress factors.
Annual reports of OIE Reference Laboratories and Collaborating Centres, 2009
3
Avian tuberculosis
9.
Provision of diagnostic testing facilities to other OIE Members
None
10. Organisation of international scientific meetings on behalf of OIE or other international bodies
None
11. Participation in international scientific collaborative studies
 National Grants
Animal disease research, prevention and food chain protection, part: Mycobacterial infections of animals.
Institutional Research Plan, 1.1.2009-31.12.2013. Ministry of Agriculture, the Czech Republic, No.: MZE
0002716202, Project leader: Prof. MVDr. Jiri Rubes, CSc., VRI Brno, Czech Republic
Efficiency of alternative methods for prevention of enteric diseases in pigs and determination of risks from
an aspect of food safety. National Agency for Agricultural Research (NAZV), No. QH71054, 1.1.200731.12.20011, Project leader: Prof. MVDr. Ivo Pavlik, CSc., VRI Brno, Czech Republic.
Mycobacterial infections in freshwater fish and their impact for livestock and humans. National Agency for
Agricultural Research (NAZV), No. QH91240, 1.1.2009-31.12.20011, Project leader: Prof. MVDr. Ivo Pavlik,
CSc., VRI Brno, Czech Republic.
 European Union Grants
Veterinary Network of Laboratories Researching into Improved Diagnosis and Epidemiology of
Mycobacterial Diseases. Project Acronym: VENOMYC, No. SSPE-CT-2004-501903, EU, Brussels, 1.10.200331.8.2009, Co-ordinator: Prof. Lucas Dominguez, Dpt. Patologia Animal I, Sanidad Animal Facultad de
Veterinaria U.C.M., Madrid, Spain.
Center for Advanced Microbiology & Immunology Research in Veterinary Medicine. Acronym: AdmireVet.
Registration No. CZ.1.05/2.1.00/01.0006. Regional R&D Centre. Ministry of Education, Youth and sports of the
Czech Republic. 1.12.2009-31.12.2013. Co-ordinator: Prof. MVDr. Ivo Pavlík, CSc.
12. Publication and dissemination of information relevant to the work of OIE (including list of
scientific publications, internet publishing activities, presentations at international conferences)

Presentations at international conferences and meetings
Pavlik, I., Mrlik, V., Slana, I., Svobodova, J., Kralik, P., Skoric, M., Fictum, P., Moravkova, M., Krizova, K.:
Human tuberculosis in domestic animals (esp. dogs and pigs) and unrecognised threat of exposed environment. In:
Proceedings of the Fifth International M. bovis Conference, 25-28 August 2009, Wellington, New Zealand, 42.
Krizova, K., Mrlik, V., Boisselet, T., Beran, V., Kriz, P., Babak, V., Vondruskova, H., Slamova, R., Kaevska, M.,
Slana, I., Pavlik, I.: Safety of home-made meat products regarding survival of Mycobacterium avium subsp.
hominissuis. Food Safety Conference, Nitra, Slovakia, 3-4.12.2009, 8.

Scientific publications in peer-reviewed journals
Trckova, M., Vondruskova, H., Zraly, Z., Alexa, P., Hamrik, J., Kummer, V., Maskova, J., Mrlik, V., Krizova, K.,
Slana, I., Leva, L., Pavlik, I.: The effect of kaolin feeding on efficiency, health status and course of diarrhoeal
infections caused by enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli strains in weaned piglets. Veterinarni Medicina, 2009, 54
(2), 47-63. http://www.vri.cz/docs/vetmed/54-2-47.pdf
Shitaye, J.E., Grymova, V., Grym, M., Halouzka, R., Horvathova, A., Moravkova, M., Beran, V., Svobodova, J.,
Dvorska-Bartosova, L., Pavlik, I.: Mycobacterium avium subsp. hominissuis infection in a pet parrot. Emerging
Infectious Diseases, 2009, 15 (4), 617-619.
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Annual reports of OIE Reference Laboratories and Collaborating Centres, 2009
Avian tuberculosis
Shitaye, J.E., Beran, V., Svobodova, J., Moravkova, M., Babak, V., Pavlik, I.: Comparison of the conventional
culture, the Manual Fluorescent MGIT System and the Automated Fluorescent MGIT 960 Culture System for the
detection of Mycobacterium avium subsp. avium in tissues of naturally infected hens. Folia Microbiologica, 2009,
54 (2), 137-141.
Pate, M., Moravkova, M., Krt, B., Pavlik, I., Ocepek, M.: Genotyping of Mycobacterium avium subsp. avium
isolates from domestic animals in Slovenia by IS901 RFLP. Veterinarni Medicina, 2009, 54 (6), 270-279.
http://www.vri.cz/docs/vetmed/54-6-270.pdf
Shitaye, J.E., Horvathova, A., Bartosova, L., Moravkova, M., Kaevska, M., Donnelly, N., Pavlik, I.: Distribution
of non-tuberculosis mycobacteria in the environmental samples from slaughterhouse and in raw and processed
meats. Czech Journal of Food Sciences, 2009, 27 (3), 194-202.
Kazda, J., Pavlik, I., Falkinham, J., Hruska, K. (eds.): The ecology of mycobacteria: impact on animal’s and
human’s health. Second edition, Springer, 2009, ISBN 978-1-4020-9412-5, 520 pp.

Other communications
Knowledge dissemination is the integral part of activity of OIE Reference Laboratories for Paratuberculosis and
Avian Tuberculosis. The databases have been updated weekly using the records, indexed by the Web of Science
database (Thomson Reuters®). More than 2000 subscribers for (08) Mycobacterial diseases and (27) Scientific
information (Veterinary Biotechnology, Epidemiology and Food Safety Network http://centaur.vri.cz) received by
e-mail the annotations of recently published papers. In 2009, the database “Publications on Paratuberculosis”
(http://www.vri.cz/en/ptb) has been updated by 233 papers published in 118 scientific journals. The database
“Crohn’s Disease and Paratuberculosis Digest” (http://www.vri.cz/en/cd-ptb-digest) has been updated by 129
records of articles, published in 93 journals. During the year 2009 a total 746 full papers (3-fold increase of
interest in comparison with 2008) have been dispatched to applicants from 17 countries (Australia, Bulgaria,
China, Czech Republic, Egypt, France, Italy, Ireland, India, Saudi Arabia, Slovakia, Slovenia Spain, Switzerland,
The Netherlands, United Kingdom and USA). In addition to 32 e-mails with information on databases updates, 50
other information on EU documents, international meetings, interesting case reports, new books, distance learning
course etc. have been distributed among people, interested in mycobacteria research and control.
13. Inscription of diagnostic kits on the OIE Register
i)
Did you participate in expert panels for the validation of candidate kits for inscription on the
OIE Register? If yes, for which kits?
None
ii)
Did you submit to the OIE candidate kits for inscription on the OIE Register? If yes, for
which kits?
None
_______________
Annual reports of OIE Reference Laboratories and Collaborating Centres, 2009
5