1-Title- Effect of Heavy Metal Contamination on Human body enzymes.
2-Introduction: Human saliva contains an enzyme called amylase. This enzyme helps to
turn starch into a sugar called maltose. Amylase works best in neutral or slightly alkaline
conditions, i.e. at about pH 7. When your food gets into the small intestine, more amylase
is made by the pancreas and this turns the remaining starch into maltose. Another enzyme
(maltase) turns all this maltose into glucose. Glucose is then absorbed into the blood
3- Hypothesis: Heavy Metals effect the activity of enzymes
4-Goal: to find out what type metal effect amylase enzyme activity in what degree.
5-Significant: Indigestion, heartburn, gastric disorders, hypertension, nervousness,
anxiety, nervous disorders, insomnia, headaches, migraines, nightmares, stress, brittle
hair and hair loss, flatulence, malabsorption, constipation, heartburn, gout, weight
problems, gallbladder stress, flu, colds, sinus congestion, breast lumps, parasites,
cholestrol, hiatal
6-Procudure: Prepare 1% Amylase solution dissolving 1 g Amylase in 100 ml distillated
Water
• Prepare 0.1%,0.01% and 0.001% Amylase solutions from stock solution
• Weigh 0.1 g from each metal compounds
• Dissolve metal compounds all in 10 ml Amylase solutions.
• Add 1 ml 0.1 % Starch solution to each metal added amylase solutions
• Set the spectrophotometer at 503 nm and blank it with 1ml 1% amylase and 0.1%
starch solution.
• Measure standards Absorbencies without adding KI solution
• Blank the spectrophotometer for metal with adding metal solution in 1%amylase
solution and starch solution.
• Measure the absorbencies of each metal and starch added Amylase solution by
adding 1 drop KI solution at 503 nm.
• Record your data ,table and graph them.
7-Conclusion :After we added the Nickel, cupper, Manganese sulfate solutions, we
waited 20 minutes. After we added the iodine solution we, saw that the color had changed
that it was before we added the heavy metal solutions. We tested them in
spectrophotometer We saw that the colors were darker than it was before.
Cupper sulfate: It was the darkest. That means it had made the digestion harder. The
color was so dark that we could say that the starch wasn’t digested by the enzymes.
Manganese sulfate: This was dark too, but not dark as the cupper sulfate. It did made the
digestion harder.Nickel sulfate: This one was the lightest in them. It didn’t made the
digestion that hard. But it did made some differences of the colorAll this means that
heavy metals whatever they are, makes the digestion harder. In order
*cupper sulfate solution
*Manganese sulfate solution
*Nickel sulfate solution